Darbe nagrinėjama programų sistemų palaikymo ir vystymo problema. Nustatyta, jog sąnaudos šiose programų sistemos gyvavimo ciklo fazėse siekia iki 80% visų sąnaudų, skiriamų programų sistemai kurti. Pagrindinis šio reiškinio veiksnys yra nuolatinis poreikis pritaikyti sistemų funkcionalumą prie besikeičiančių verslo reikalavimų, o tokios užduotys apima didžiąją dalį visų palaikymo veiklų. Nagrinėti tyrimai parodė, kad programų sistemose įgyvendintai verslo logikai suprasti sugaištama 40–60% pakeitimams atliki skirto laiko, kadangi atsakingi už sistemų palaikymą žmonės paprastai nėra jų projektuotai, todėl turi dėti dideles pastangas, kad išsiaiškintų sistemos veikimo principus. Be to, pakeitimai, atliekami palaikymo metu, yra retai dokumentuojami (ar net nedokumentuojami visai), o supratimas įgytas įgyvendinant pakeitimus lieka individualių programuotojų galvose. Tuo tarpu kiti tyrimai atskleidė, jog paprastai tik trečdalis programų sistemos kodo įgyvendina verslo logiką, o kita dalis yra skirta platformos ir infrastruktūros funkcijoms įgyvendinti. Iš to darytina išvada, jog išgaunant dalykinės srities žinias bei išlaikant atsekamumą tarp jų ir jas įgyvendinančio programinio kodo, galima sumažinti sistemų palaikymo ir vystymo kaštus. Todėl pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas yra patobulinti verslo žinių išgavimo ir vaizdavimo procesą, pasiūlant metodą ir palaikančias priemones, kurios palengvintų egzistuojančių programų sistemų suvokimą. Darbas susideda iš įvado, 4 dalių, bendrųjų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The dissertation addresses the problem of software maintenance and evolution. It identifies that spending within these software lifecycle phases may account for up to 80% of software’s total lifecycle cost, whereas the inability to adopt software quickly and reliably to meet ever-changing business requirements may lead to business opportunities being lost. The main reason of this phenomenon is the fact that the most of maintenance effort is devoted to understanding the software to be modified. On the other hand, related studies show that less than one-third of software source code contains business logic implemented within it, while the remaining part is intended for platform or infrastructure relevant activities. It follows that if the most of changes in software are made due to the need to adopt its functionality to changed business requirements, then facilitating software comprehension with automated business knowledge extraction methods may significantly reduce the cost of software maintenance and evolution. Therefore the main goal of this thesis is to improve business knowledge extraction process by proposing a method and supporting tool framework that would facilitate comprehension of existing software systems. The dissertation consists of the following parts: Introduction, 4 chapters, General Conclusions, References, and 6 Annexes. Chapter 1 presents a systematic literature review of related studies in order to summarize the state-of-the art in this research field... [to full text]

Disertacijoje tiriamas sprendimų modelių kūrimas verslo taisyklių ir procesų modelių pagalba bei šių modelių transformacijos į programų sistemų komponentus realizuojančius automatizuotus sprendimus informacinėje sistemoje. Analitinėje disertacijos dalyje apžvelgiami sprendimu modeliai ir metodai skirti intelektualizuotų informacinių sistemų kūrimui. Tolimesniuose skyriuose pateikiamas, remiantis analizės rezultatais, sukurtas modelių karkasas ir jo pagrindu sukurtas metodas skirtas sprendimų modelių automatizavimui. Baigiamajame disertacijos skyriuje aprašomi eksperimentai, kuriuose atliekamos sprendimų modelių transformacijos. Galiausiai pateikiami eksperimentų rezultatai ir galutinės išvados. / In the presented thesis we offer modernisation of information system development methods used for implementation of automated information-, rule-, knowledge- and model-based decision processes assisted by early separation and development of a business logic model and implementation of decision-making and knowledge discovery process models with further support to business people with suitable interfaces for modification of decision-making processes without involvement of software developers in later exploitation stages. In the analytical part of the dissertation, decision models and methods of intellectualised information systems are analysed. According to the results obtained during the analysis, investigation on the proposed framework and a decision model based method for decision-making process automation is carried out. In the final chapter several experiments are described in order to evaluate the proposed method, and the general conclusions complete the research.

A preocupação da engenharia de software esteve por muito tempo relacionada a aspectos da funcionalidade do sistema, ou seja, com \"o que\" e \"como\" fazer e não com o \"por que\" fazer. Tais aspectos, envolvidos nos processos existentes, buscam a definição das propriedades desejadas, em lugar de observarem a informação de uma forma mais ampla, começando com as necessidades do próprio negócio, ou dos objetivos dos sistemas nele embutidos. As técnicas de análise estruturadas, diagrama de fluxo de dados e modelagem entidade e relacionamento modelam importantes conceitos para o desenvolvimento de sistemas, mas não buscam por soluções alternativas inovadoras aos problemas da organização. É comum encontrar situações onde o sistema não satisfaz às reais necessidades do negócio, embora esteja tecnicamente correto. O entendimento dos aspectos sociais, organizacionais, técnicos, jurídicos e econômicos é essencial para a realização de um bom trabalho de engenharia de requisitos. Nesse sentido, a modelagem organizacional facilita a compreensão do ambiente empresarial e é reconhecida como uma atividade valiosa pela engenharia de requisitos. O modelo organizacional representa o \"mundo\" onde se aplicam as regras do negócio. O entendimento das regras do negócio é muito importante para a organização ser flexível em um ambiente de crescente competitividade. Com a necessidade de se ter a modelagem dos aspectos relativos à organização para que o sistema atenda as suas reais necessidades, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o processo de desenvolvimento de software buscando conhecer técnicas ou métodos que atendem aos requisitos organizacionais, enfatizando o uso de regras do negócio com a finalidade de obter a especificação de requisitos. / The software engineering\'s focus were for a long time related to system\'s functionality aspects, or with \"what\" and \"how\" to do, and not with \"why\" to do. Those aspects in the existents process are looking for the definition of the desired proprieties instead observe the information in a more large aspect, beginning with the business needs itself or the systems goals inserted in it. The structure analysis techniques, flux data diagram, and relationship and entity modeling form important concepts for systems development but do not search for innovating alternatives solutions for organization\'s problems. It is very common to find situations were the system does not satisfy the real business needs, thought it is technically correct. The comprehension of social, organizational, technical, juridical and economics aspects are essential for a good realization of requirements in engineering work. In that way the enterprise modeling makes the business environment comprehension easier and is recognized as a value activity by the requirements engineering. The enterprise model represents the \"world\" where the business rules are applied. The comprehension of the business rules is very important so the organization can be flexible in a growing competitive environment. With the necessity to have a modeling of the relative aspects to the organization so the system can accomplish the real needs, this present research has the objective to investigate a software development process trying to find techniques or methods that answer the enterprise\'s requirement, emphasizing the use of business rules to obtain the specifics requirements.

In the currently highly competitive environment, the information systems of the businesses should not only effectively support the existing business processes, but also have to be dynamically adaptable to the changes in the environment. There are increasing efforts at separation of the application and the business logic in the information system. One of the appropriate instruments for this separation is the business rule approach. Business rules are simple, understandable rules. They can be used for the knowledge externalization and sharing also as for the active control and decisions within the business processes. Although the business rule approach is used for almost 20 years, the various specifications and practical applications of business rules are still a goal of the active research. The disadvantage of the business rule approach is great demands on obtaining of the rules. There has to be a domain expert, who is able to manually write them. One of the problems addressed by the current research is the possibility of (semi)automatic acquisition of business rules from the different resources - unstructured documents, historical data etc. This dissertation thesis addresses the problem of acquisition (learning) of business rules from the historical data of the company. The main objective of this thesis is to design and validate a method for (semi)automatic learning of business rules using the data mining of association rules. Association rule are a known data mining method for discovering of interesting relations hidden in the data. Association rules are comprehensible and explainable. The comprehensibility of association rules is suitable for the use of them for learning of business rules. For this purpose the user can use not only simple rules discovered using the algorithm Apriori or FP-Growth, but also more complex association rules discovered using the GUHA method. Within this thesis is used the procedure 4ft-Miner implemented in the data mining system LISp Miner. The first part of this thesis contains the description of the relevant topics from the research of business rules and association rules. Business rules is not a name of one specification of standard but rather a label of the approach to modelling of business logic. As part of the work there is defined a process of selection of the most appropriate specification of business rules for the selected practical use. Consequently, the author proposed three models of involving of data mining of association rules into business rule sets. These models contain also the definition of a model for the transformation of GUHA association rules in the business rules for the system JBoss Drools. For the possibility of learning of business rules using the data mining results from more than one data set, the author proposed a knowledge base. The knowledge base is suitable for the interconnection of business rules and data mining of association rules. From the perspective of business rules the knowledge base is a term dictionary. From the perspective of data mining the knowledge base contains some background knowledge for data preprocessing and preparation of classification models. The proposed models have been validated using practical implementations in the systems EasyMiner (in conjunction with JBoss Drools) and Erian. The thesis contains also a description of two model use cases based on real data from the field of marketing and the field of health insurance.

The legal framework of investment services provision This thesis deals with the issue of legal framework of investment services provision. The aim of the thesis is to theoretically define and analyse the issue of selected investment services and rules governing their provision. The first two chapters of the thesis are devoted to general theoretical issues related to the topic, among others to the reasons of regulation of investment services provision and impact of the EU law on the present topic. The third chapter deals with the characteristics and structuring of investment services. The chapter four characterises the investment services and activities and analyses the investment service reception and transmission of orders in relation to financial instruments. The chapter five is devoted to investment advice. The chapter six analyses the legal instruments of protection of the client as an investment services addressee. Finally, the draft of measures designed to increase the level of client protection is proposed. Within the whole thesis, the author presents his interpretation of the disputable questions of the present topic.

Atualmente as empresas precisam de sistemas ágeis a mudanças constantes do ambiente do negócio e para garantir que os sistemas cumpram com sua finalidade, os desenvolvedores devem possuir uma compreensão mais aprofundada sobre a organização, seus objetivos, metas e estratégias de mercado. O principal problema para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de software tem sido a dificuldade em se obter informações sobre o domínio da aplicação. Essa dificuldade levou ao surgimento de técnicas de modelagem organizacional, sendo uma atividade valiosa para a compreensão do ambiente empresarial. O EKD - Enterprise Knowledge Development - é uma metodologia que fornece uma forma sistemática e controlada de analisar, entender, desenvolver e documentar uma organização. Infelizmente não possui uma sintaxe e semântica bem definidas, dificultando análises mais complexas dos modelos. Como resultado, o modelo de processos de negócio do EKD pode ser ambíguo e de difícil análise, principalmente em sistemas mais complexos, não sendo possível verificar a consistência e completude do modelo. Neste trabalho, esses problemas serão estudados sob uma abordagem baseada em redes de Petri. O formalismo de redes de Petri a torna uma importante técnica de modelagem para a representação de processos. Além disso, redes de Petri permitem rastrear cada etapa da operação sem ambigüidade e possuem métodos eficientes de análise que garantem que o modelo está livre de erros. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um método de avaliação do modelo de processo de negócio do EKD (MPN-EKD). Por meio desse método é possível verificar se o modelo tem erros de construção e travamentos. Este método pode ser aplicado em modelos direcionados para o desenvolvimento de sistema de informação ou de controle do fluxo de trabalho, e pode ser utilizado também para o estudo de estratégias de trabalho e simulação do fluxo de trabalho. / Nowadays all companies need fast systems and frequent changes on the business environment and to guarantee that the systems are reaching their goals, the developers must have a deeper comprehension of the enterprise, its goals and market strategies. The main problem to the development of software systems has been the difficulty to obtain information about the application domain. This difficulty leaded to the creation of enterprise modeling techniques, which is a valuable activity for the comprehension of business environment. The EKD - Enterprise Knowledge Development - is a methodology that gives a systematic and controlled way to analyze, understand, develop, and document an enterprise. Unfortunately it doesn\'t have syntax neither a semantic well defined, which doesn\'t help on more complex analyses of the models. As a result, the enterprise process model of EKD can be ambiguous and hard to analyze, especially on more complex systems, and also it is not possible to verify the consistency and entireness of the model. On this paper, these problems will be studied under an approach based on Petri nets. Because of the Petri nets formalism this is an important modeling technique to process representation. Furthermore, Petri nets allow the tracking of each step of the operation without ambiguity and also they have efficient methodology for analyses, which guarantee the accuracy of the model. Therefore, this work has the objective to develop an evaluation methodology of the business process model of EKD (MPN-EKD). Such methodology will make possible the verification of possible building and locking model errors. This methodology can be applied to information systems or workflow, and also can be used to study the strategies of work and workflow simulations.

Dans un monde où les personnes et les objets sont de plus en plus connectés et localisés, l’information géographique (IG) est très présente dans notre quotidien et sa prise en compte dans les systèmes d'information (SI) de gestion devient incontournable. Les particuliers et les entreprises la mobilisent de manière croissante pour se repérer dans l’espace, accéder à diverses données statistiques géo-référencées, planifier des déplacements, etc.Les développements actuels sur les systèmes mobiles par exemple, impliquent de facto une dimension spatio-temporelle (ST), souvent réservée aux SI géographiques (SIG). Par conséquent, de nombreux systèmes logiciels sont amenés à entretenir une relation très étroite et précise avec le monde réel afin d'ouvrir de nouveaux champs d'applications comme les villes intelligentes, les usines du futur ou une nouvelle génération de systèmes de logistique.L'ampleur de cette évolution est majeure puisqu'en termes de données, au moins 80% sont concernées (http://www.esrifrance.fr/sig1.aspx). Cependant, un analyste est souvent confronté à des difficultés pour capturer des exigences d'une manière générale, rendant nécessaire une approche organisée et plus systématique. C'est dans ce contexte que nous orientons notre étude vers le domaine de l'ingénierie des exigences (IE) pour mieux construire un raisonnement qui prend en compte la dimension ST. C'est une étape clé dans le développement de telles exigences dans un projet d'évolution de SI de gestion.Le cadre proposé intègre des contributions dans les domaines de l'IE et de la géomatique. En ce sens, nous avons retenu particulièrement la méthode KAOS qui propose une approche d'IE orientée buts et outillée avec un logiciel nommé "Objectiver". Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une extension de la méthodologie KAOS à la dimension spatio-temporelle. KAOS répond déjà aux questions du "POURQUOI", du "COMMENT", du "QUOI" et du "QUI". Nous abordons dans notre recherche plus précisément, les questions du "QUAND "et du "OÙ". Nous utilisons pour ceci deux axes de recherche : d'une part nous explorons la dualité dimensions spatiales/temporelles, afin de transposer à la dimension spatiale des techniques d'IE déjà définies. D'autre part, nous prenons en considération des notations largement utilisées dans les SIG, et ce, afin de les intégrer dans les primitives d'IE et faciliter ainsi la capture d'exigences spatio-temporelles. Nous avons réalisé un prototype à l'aide de l'outil "Objectiver". Cependant, les résultats présentés restent applicables à d'autres méthodes et outils.Afin de pousser le plus possible l'évolution d'un système existant, nous proposons dans un deuxième temps, d'examiner plus spécifiquement des stratégies ouvertes d'intégration, exploitant ainsi des briques ouvertes en matière de données et/ou de services pour répondre à des besoins géomatiques identifiés. Nous pensons aux utilisateurs de ces SI qui doivent pouvoir intégrer des aspects spatiaux et temporels au sein de leurs règles de gestion ou règles métier.Se pose alors la question "comment identifier les aspects ST des règles métier par un processus d'IE ?" qui nous amène à réfléchir sur la construction d'un SI de gestion, qui soit capable de séparer la vue métier de la vue système. Nous montrons plus spécifiquement comment les règles métiers peuvent être identifiées sur la base d'aspects spatio-temporels. Nous avons outillé notre contribution et nous l'illustrons à travers une étude de cas réelle de fusion de deux universités. Ensuite, nous montrons à travers cette même étude de cas comment déployer de telles règles dans les composants les plus appropriés en veillant à garantir une architecture ouverte. / In a world where people and objects are increasingly connected and localized, geographic information (GI) is very present in our daily life and its inclusion in the management information systems becomes essential. Individuals and enterprises mobilize increasingly to orient themselves in space, access to various statistical data georeferenced, plan travel...Current developments on mobile systems, for example, involve a space-time dimension, often reserved for geographic information systems (GIS). Therefore, many software systems are required to maintain a very close relationship and precise with the real world to open up new fields of application such as smart cities, factories of the future or a new generation of logistics systems.The magnitude of this change is major since in terms of data, at least 80% are concerned (http://www.esrifrance.fr/sig1.aspx). However, an analyst often faces difficulties in capturing requirements in general, necessitating an organized and systematic approach. It is in this context that we direct our study to the field of requirements engineering (RE) to better build an argument that takes into account the space-time dimension. This is a key step in the development of such requirements in a management information system development project.The proposed framework includes contributions in the fields of RE and geomatics. In this sense, we have particularly caught the KAOS method that offers a goal oriented requirements engineering approach and equipped with a software named "Objectiver".First, we propose an extension of the KAOS methodology in the space-time dimension. KAOS already answered the questions of "WHY", the "HOW", the "WHAT" and the "WHO". We approach our research specifically, the issues of "WHEN" and "WHERE". We use this for two lines of research : one explores the duality between space and time dimensions in order to transpose the spatial dimension of requirements engineering techniques already defined. On the other hand, we consider notations widely used in GIS, and to integrate them in primitive requirements engineering and thus facilitate the capture of space-time requirements. We made a prototype using the tool "Objectiver". However, the results presented are applicable to other methods and tools.To push as much as possible the performance of an existing system, we propose as a second step, to examine more specifically the open integration strategies and operating bricks started in data and/or services to meet geomatics to identified needs. We believe the users of these information systems must be able to integrate space-time aspects in their management rules or business rules.This raises the question "how to identify the space-time aspects of business rules by a RE process ?" Which brings us to reflect on the construction of a management information system that is capable of separating the business view and the system view. We show specifically how business rules can be identified on the basis of space-time aspects. We have equipped our contribution and illustrate through a real case study of merger of two universities. Next, we show through this same case study how to deploy such rules in the most appropriate components ensuring secure an open architecture.

我國早年已與中國簽署《金融監管合作備忘錄》和《海峽兩岸經濟合作框架協議》，這標誌著兩岸經貿往來和金融合作進入制度化軌道，開啟了兩岸經貿關係的新紀元。自《海峽兩岸經濟合作框架協議》ECFA簽署以來，經貿聯繫及金融合作愈來愈緊密，兩岸金融機構及商貿企業信用業務大幅增長，信用管理將呈現跨地域、多層次、多元化的態勢。這時，徵信作為信用管理的起點和其基礎地位的重要性日益突顯，徵信領域廣泛且深入的交流合作愈發頻繁，兩岸徵信平台的彼此互相聯通將有助於形成良好的金融信用環境，而彼此徵信的聯通有賴於彼此對於對岸徵信業管理制度之瞭解。 本論文共分五章，第一章緒論;第二章針對徵信起源、定義、特徵、功能、分類及相關概念作說明，並介紹近代中西方徵信演進發展之概況;第三章以徵信機構體制為方向，說明徵信機構的定義、角色、分類、監管及設立退出條件，並對公共徵信機構與私營徵信機構進行比較。接著介紹世界上主要國家徵信機構發展之過程，並以此為基礎，對我國與中國徵信機構體制進行比較;第四章先點出隱私權與徵信間的衝突後，再介紹隱私權的內涵、發展，最後由隱私權衍生出信息隱私權之概念，並進而對徵信業務規則進行討論並比較我國與中國對於信息隱私權保護的差異性;第五章，總結兩岸徵信業之差異，期以之能作為兩岸共建聯合信息平台之基礎，並對兩岸信息共享提供未來發展方向之建議。 / Taiwan has signed "Financial Regulatory Cooperation" and "Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement" with China in the early years, which marks that the cross-strait economics, trade exchanges and financial cooperation has been in the orbit, which opens up a new era of cross-strait economics and trade relations. Since the "cross-strait economic cooperation framework agreement" ECFA was signed, economic ties and financial cooperation are more closely. Substantial growth in cross-strait financial institutions, commercial enterprise type, and credit management will present cross-regional, multi-level and diversified trend. At this time, credit management between Taiwan and China can be as a basis to highlight the growing of more frequent exchanges and Cross-Strait economic cooperation. The establishment of Unicom credit information exchange platform between Taiwan and China will help create a good financial credit environment .For the goal, realization of the credit industry management system difference between Taiwan and China is a must. The paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction; the second chapter introduces credit origin, definition, features, functions, classification and related concepts, and makes an overview of the evolution and development of modern Western and Eastern countries; the third chapter discusses credit institution, indicating that the definition of credit institutions, the role of classification, the establishment of entrance and exit conditions, and the comparison between public credit institutions and private credit bureaus . Then, the paper introduces the world's major national development process of the credit bureaus, and on this basis, compare credit institution between Taiwan and China; the fourth chapter points out the conflict between privacy and credit, and then introduces privacy connotation, development, and finally privacy of information is derived from the concept of privacy. Then discuss the rules for the credit industry. Finally, make a comparison of Taiwan and China Information Privacy differences; the fifth chapter summarizes the differences between the two sides of the credit industry, in order that it can build a basis for cross-strait joint platform of credit information, sharing of credit information of Taiwan and China. Finally, the paper provides the future direction of the sharing of credit information between Taiwan and China.

Submitted by Nayara Passos (nayara.passos@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T14:26:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Natália Cabral Silva.pdf: 2867606 bytes, checksum: 4e1c75788ce8db0420f34c1ca5195e63 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T17:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Natália Cabral Silva.pdf: 2867606 bytes, checksum: 4e1c75788ce8db0420f34c1ca5195e63 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Diante do ambiente complexo e dinâmico encontrado nas empresas atualmente, o sistema tradicional de Workflow não está sendo flexível suficiente para modelar Processos de Negócio. Nesse contexto, surgiram os Processos Flexíveis que tem por principal objetivo suprir a necessidade de modelar processos menos estáticos. Processo declarativo é um tipo de processo flexível que permite os participantes decidirem a ordem em que as atividades são executadas através de regras de negócio. As regras de negócio determinam as restrições e obrigações que devem ser satisfeitas durante a execução. Tais regras descrevem o que deve ou não deve ser feito durante a execução do processo, mas não definem como. Os métodos e ferramentas atualmente disponíveis para modelar e executar processos declarativos apresentam várias limitações que prejudicam a sua utilização para este fim. Em particular, a abordagem que emprega lógica temporal linear (LTL) sofre do problema de explosão de estados a medida que o tamanho do modelo do processo cresce. Embora mecanismos eficientes em relação a memória terem surgido, eles não são capazes de adequadamente garantir a conclusão correta do processo, uma vez que permitem o usuário alcançar estados proibidos ou que causem deadlock. Além disso, as implementações atuais de ferramentas para execução de processos declarativos se concentram apenas em atividades manuais. Comunicação automática com aplicações externas para troca de dados e reutilização de funcionalidade não é suportado. Essas oportunidades de automação poderiam ser melhor exploradas por uma engine declarativa que se integra com tecnologias SOC existentes. Este trabalho propõe uma nova engine de regras baseada em grafo, chamado de REFlex. Tal engine não compartilha os problemas apresentados pelas abordagens disponíveis, sendo mais adequada para modelar processos de negócio declarativos. Além disso, REFlex preenche a lacuna entre os processos declarativos e SOC. O orquestrador REFlex é um orquestrador de serviços declarativo, eficiente e dependente de dados. Ele permite que os participantes chamem serviços externos para executar tarefas automatizadas. Diferente dos trabalhos relacionados, o algoritmo de REFlex não depende da geração de todos os estados alcançáveis, o que o torna adequado para modelar processos de negócios grandes e complexos. Além disso, REFlex suporta regras de negócio dependentes de dados, o que proporciona sensibilidade ao contexto. / Declarative business process modeling is a flexible approach to business process management in which participants can decide the order in which activities are performed. Business rules are employed to determine restrictions and obligations that must be satisfied during execution time. Such business rules describe what must or must not be done during the process execution, but do not prescribe how. In this way, complex control-flows are simplified and participants have more flexibility to handle unpredicted situations. The methods and tools currently available to model and execute declarative processes present several limitations that impair their use to this application. In particular, the well-known approach that employs Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) has the drawback of the state space explosion as the size of the process model grows. Although approaches proposing memory efficient methods have been proposed in the literature, they are not able to properly guarantee the correct termination of the process, since they allow the user to reach deadlock states. Moreover, current implementations of declarative business process engines focus only on manual activities. Automatic communication with external applications to exchange data and reuse functionality is barely supported. Such automation opportunities could be better exploited by a declarative engine that integrates with existing SOC technologies. This work proposes a novel graph-based rule engine called REFlex that does not share the problems presented by other engines, being better suited to model declarative business processes than the techniques currently in use. Additionally, such engine fills this gap between declarative processes and SOC. The REFlex orchestrator is an efficient, data-aware declarative web services orchestrator. It enables participants to call external web services to perform automated tasks. Different from related work, the REFlex algorithm does not depend on the generation of all reachable states, which makes it well suited to model large and complex business processes. Moreover, REFlex is capable of modeling data-dependent business rules, which provides unprecedented context awareness and modeling power to the declarative paradigm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:57:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert parte 1 Glauber Boff.pdf: 3627301 bytes, checksum: a9c5bc5ed01e465f7ee93a59c0da1439 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-12 / The development of Information Systems (IS) should be performed so that changes in the client s business, which may be common, may be reflected in the system, without reducing its consistency and reliability. To achieve these features, portability and maintainability, which are challenges for Software Engineering, are very important. There are two essential requirements which, when present in the development process, make it easier to deal with the system complexity. The first requirement states that it should be possible to describe the IS business rules (BR) using a high level language, generating a single, implementation independent model. The second requirement demands that it should be possible to generate software source code from the abstract BR model, and to integrate this code to the IS. This work presents an approach to meet these requirements. This approach covers the specification, modeling, implementation and evaluation of business rules in software to facilitate the development and maintenance of complex IS. Instead of hard-coding the BR into the applications, this approach adopts OCL as a platform independent high-level language to define a single BR model for the IS. To store the rules safely throughout the IS life cycle, a centralized repository in the database was developed, which enables control over all BR versions. During implementation, rules in OCL are automatically converted to SQL and stored in the database as stored procedures for further evaluation by a specific component of the application. This approach facilitates the maintenance of the IS by the centralized and high-level description of all BR. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, an empirical validation was performed in the context of a research project funded by CNPq, which aims to optimize the production of beef cattle. / O desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Informação (SI) deve ser realizado de forma que as mudanças no negócio do cliente, que podem ser frequentes, possam ser refletidas no sistema, sem que ele perca sua consistência e confiabilidade. Para se atingir essas características, a portabilidade e manutenibilidade, que são desafios para a Engenharia de Software, são importantes. Há dois requisitos essenciais que, quando presentes no processo de desenvolvimento, facilitam o tratamento da complexidade do sistema. O primeiro requisito diz que deveria ser possível descrever as regras de negócio (RN) usando uma linguagem de alto nível, gerando um modelo único e independente de implementação. O segundo requisito demanda que deveria ser possível gerar código fonte a partir do modelo abstrato de RN e integrá-lo ao SI. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma abordagem para atender a esses requisitos. Esta abordagem abrange especificação, modelagem, implementação e avaliação de regras de negócio em software de forma a facilitar o desenvolvimento e a manutenção de SI complexos. Em vez de codificar as RN diretamente nas aplicações, adotou-se a linguagem OCL, uma linguagem abstrata e independente de plataforma, para definir um modelo único de RN para o SI. Para armazenar as regras ao longo do ciclo de vida do SI de forma segura e de fácil acesso foi criado um repositório centralizado no banco de dados, que permite realizar o controle de todas as versões das RN. Na implementação, regras em OCL são convertidas automaticamente para SQL e armazenadas em banco de dados como procedimentos armazenados para posterior avaliação por um componente específico da aplicação. Esta abordagem facilita a manutenção do SI pela descrição centralizada e em alto nível de todas as RN de um sistema. Para demonstrar a viabilidade da abordagem proposta, uma validação empírica foi realizada no contexto de um projeto de pesquisa apoiado pelo CNPq que visa a otimização da produção de gado de corte.