De nombreux scanners laser permettent d'obtenir la surface 3D a partir d'un objet. Néanmoins, la surface reconstruite est souvent lisse, ce qui est du au débruitage interne du scanner et aux décalages entre les scans. Cette these utilise des scans haute precision et choisit de ne pas perdre ni alterer les echantillons initiaux au cours du traitement afin de les visualiser. C'est en effet la seule façon de decouvrir les imperfections (trous, decalages de scans). De plus, comme les donnees haute precision capturent meme le plus leger detail, tout debruitage ou sous-echantillonnage peut amener a perdre ces details.La these s'attache a prouver que l'on peut trianguler le nuage de point initial en ne perdant presque aucun echantillon. Le probleme de la visualisation exacte sur des donnees de plus de 35 millions de points et de 300 scans differents est ainsi resolu. Deux problemes majeurs sont traites: le premier est l'orientation du nuage de point brut complet et la creation d'un maillage. Le second est la correction des petits decalages entre les scans qui peuvent creer un tres fort aliasing et compromettre la visualisation de la surface. Le second developpement de la these est une decomposition des nuages de points en hautes/basses frequences. Ainsi, des methodes classiques pour l'analyse d'image, l'arbre des ensembles de niveau et la representation MSER, sont etendues aux maillages, ce qui donne une methode intrinseque de segmentation de maillages. Une analyse mathematiques d'operateurs differentiels discrets, proposes dans la litterature et operant sur des nuages de points est realisee. En considerant les developpements asymptotiques de ces operateurs sur une surface reguliere, ces operateurs peuvent etre classifies. Cette analyse amene au developpement d'un operateur discret consistant avec Ie mouvement par courbure moyenne (l'equation de la chaleur intrinseque) definissant ainsi un espace-echelle numerique simple et remarquablement robuste. Cet espace-echelle permet de resoudre de maniere unifiee tous les problemes mentionnes auparavant (orientation et triangulation du nuage de points, fusion de scans, segmentation de maillages) qui sont ordinairement traites avec des techniques distinctes. / Many laser devices acquire directly 3D objects and reconstruct their surface. Nevertheless, the final reconstructed surface is usually smoothed out as a result of the scanner internal de-noising process and the offsets between different scans. This thesis, working on results from high precision scans, adopts the somewhat extreme conservative position, not to loose or alter any raw sample throughout the whole processing pipeline, and to attempt to visualize them. Indeed, it is the only way to discover all surface imperfections (holes, offsets). Furthermore, since high precision data can capture the slightest surface variation, any smoothing and any sub-sampling can incur in the loss of textural detail.The thesis attempts to prove that one can triangulate the raw point cloud with almost no sample loss. It solves the exact visualization problem on large data sets of up to 35 million points made of 300 different scan sweeps and more. Two major problems are addressed. The first one is the orientation of the complete raw point set, an the building of a high precision mesh. The second one is the correction of the tiny scan misalignments which can cause strong high frequency aliasing and hamper completely a direct visualization.The second development of the thesis is a general low-high frequency decomposition algorithm for any point cloud. Thus classic image analysis tools, the level set tree and the MSER representations, are extended to meshes, yielding an intrinsic mesh segmentation method.The underlying mathematical development focuses on an analysis of a half dozen discrete differential operators acting on raw point clouds which have been proposed in the literature. By considering the asymptotic behavior of these operators on a smooth surface, a classification by their underlying curvature operators is obtained.This analysis leads to the development of a discrete operator consistent with the mean curvature motion (the intrinsic heat equation) defining a remarkably simple and robust numerical scale space. By this scale space all of the above mentioned problems (point set orientation, raw point set triangulation, scan merging, segmentation), usually addressed by separated techniques, are solved in a unified framework.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Le processus carieux concerne tous les individus dentés. Cependant la fréquence de la carie varie entre populations, entre individus et chez un même individu au cours du temps. Une maitrise mondiale de l'incidence de la carie est cependant accompagnée de nombre de restaurations paradoxalement en croissance exponentielle. Ce fort taux de reconstitution coronaire et les caries récurrentes ont appelé en un affinement de la détection et du diagnostic en cariologie. La détection précoce des lésions carieuses et la mise en place de mesures préventives constituent le nouveau paradigme en santé publique dentaire. La prise de décision doit s'appuyer sur des données de qualité, des avis scientifiquement valables et de l'expertise qualifiée. Aux différents niveaux de décision correspondent des besoins d'informations différents en termes de forme, de contenu et de disponibilité. L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer l'applicabilité et la pertinence de l'intégration de l'indice ICDAS dans un système de gestion de base de données plus spécialement dans la région africaine. Les résultats permettront d'inciter les systèmes de santé africain à investir dans la recherche sur les preuves de l'efficacité et du coût-Efficacité de l'utilisation de système d'information de qualité dans le processus de prise de décisions politiques et faciliter l'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme qui conjugue et articule recherche – politique - pratique permettant l'échange et l'application des connaissances / The caries process concerns all toothed individuals. However, the frequency of caries varies between populations, between individuals and within the same individual over time. A world control of the incidence of caries is however accompanied by many restorations paradoxically growing exponentially. This high rate of coronary reconstruction and recurrent caries called a refinement of the detection and diagnosis in Cariology. Early carious lesions’ detection and the implementation of preventive measures is the new paradigm in dental public health. The decision-Making should be based on quality data, scientifically valid opinions and qualified expertise. At the various levels of decision correspond different needs for information in terms of form, content and availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability and relevance of the integration of ICDAS index in a database management system especially in the African region. The results will encourage african health systems to invest in research on evidence of effectiveness and cost-Effectiveness of the use of quality information system in the process of political decision-Making and facilitate the emergence of a new paradigm that combines and articulates research policy and practice for the exchange and the application of knowledge

O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o uso de aditivos químicos e microbiano na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.), com vistas à composição químico-bromatológica, perdas fermentativas e estabilidade aeróbia das silagens, bem como os efeitos sobre o desempenho de bovinos de corte. No primeiro experimento a cana-de-açúcar ensilada foi comparada com a cana-de-açúcar in natura na alimentação de bovinos, além dessas fontes de volumosos serem avaliadas quanto à composição químico-bromatológica e estabilidade aeróbia. Foram utilizados 63 tourinhos Nelore, alimentados com ração contendo 40% de volumoso, em delineamento em blocos completos, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos testados foram: cana-de-açúcar in natura (FR), silagem controle (CT) e silagem inoculada com Lactobacillus buchneri (LB). Os animais que receberam rações contendo silagem de cana-de-açúcar apresentaram desempenhos similares aos que receberam rações com cana-de-açúcar in natura. Mesmo apresentando melhora na estabilidade aeróbia, tanto comparativamente à silagem controle, quanto em relação à cana-de-açúcar fresca, a inoculação com L. buchneri não apresentou efeito em melhorar o desempenho dos animais recebendo silagem de cana-de-açúcar. O NRC (1996) subestimou os ganhos e o valor nutritivo dos volumosos, além de superestimar a IMS. Num segundo experimento foram testados aditivos químicos, microbiano e suas associações na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar com uso de silos experimentais. O delineamento adotado neste caso constituiu-se como inteiramente casualizado, sendo oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos testados foram: controle (CT), L. buchneri na dose de 5x104 ufc/g MV (LB), 1% da MV da cana-de-açúcar de CaO sem diluição em água (CLs), 1% da MV da cana-de-açúcar de CaO diluído em água (CLa), 1% da MV da cana-de-açúcar de CaCO3 sem diluição em água (CCs), 1% da MV da cana-de-açúcar de CaCO3 diluído em água (CCa), associação dos tratamentos LB e CLs (CLsLB) e dos tratamentos LB e CLa (CLaLB). A cal virgem (CaO) apresentou-se como opção de aditivo na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar, melhorando a composição químicobromatológica, o valor nutritivo e a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens, entretanto, este aditivo elevou as perdas decorrentes do processo fermentativo. Em um terceiro ensaio avaliarou-se quatro dos tratamentos do ensaio anterior para a alimentação de ruminantes e as fontes de volumosos também foram avaliadas quanto à composição químico-bromatológica e estabilidade aeróbia. Foram utilizados 59 tourinhos threecross, alimentados com ração contendo 40% de volumoso, num delineamento em blocos completos, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: silagem controle (CT) e silagem inoculada com Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) e as silagens com os aditivos químicos CaO (CL) e CaCO3 (CC), ambos aplicados a seco na dose de 1% da MV. Os aditivos químicos incorporados à cana-de-açúcar na ensilagem levaram ao menor desempenho dos animais se comparados ao tratamento controle e 16 LB, contudo, o tratamento químico contendo cal virgem apresentou os melhores resultados em termos de composição química e estabilidade aeróbia das silagens neste experimento. Da mesma forma, como observado no primeiro experimento, o NRC (1996) subestimou os ganhos e o valor nutritivo dos volumosos, além de superestimar a ingestão de MS pelos animais / The objectives of these studies were to evaluate chemical and microbial additives in sugar cane silages and their effects on chemical composition, fermentative losses and aerobic stability, as well as the effects on the animal performance. In the first trial sugar cane silages were compared to green-chopped sugar cane as part of total mixed rations used to feed ruminants. The forage sources also were tested for chemical composition and aerobic stability. Sixty-three Nellore beef bulls fed with 40% of forage in TMR, in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and six replications each. The treatments used were: green chopped sugar cane (FR), sugar cane silage without additive (CT) and sugar cane silage with Lactobacillus buchneri (LB). The silage groups (CT and LB) revealed similar performance as green chopped sugar cane group. Eventough, they have showed better results in the aerobic stability test, the LB group did not show better results than the control group. NRC (1996) underestimated daily gains and overestimated DM intake in all treatments. In the second experiment chemical, microbial additives as well as their association were tested in lab-scale sugar cane silages. It was analyzed as a completely randomized design, with eight treatments and four replications each. The treatments were: no additive (CT), L. buchneri applied at 5x104 cfu/g of forage (LB), 1% of CaO in powder form (CLs), 1% of CaO diluted in water (CLa), 1% of CaCO3 in powder form (CCs), 1% of CaCO3 diluted in water (CCa), association of LB and CLs (CLsLB) and association of LB and CLa (CLaLB). The calcium oxide treatment turned out to be a good option in sugar cane silages by enhancing the chemical composition, the nutritive value and the aerobic stability. In the third experiment, four of those eight treatments previously tested were evaluated in animal performance level. The forage sources have been also tested for chemical composition and aerobic stability. For this trial 59 three-cross breed beef bulls were fed TMR with 40% of forage, in a completely randomized block design, with four treatments and five replications each. The treatments were: sugar cane silage without additive (CT) and sugar cane silage with Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) and chemical treatments, 1% of calcium oxide (CL) and 1% of calcium carbonate (CC), both applied in a powder form. The chemical additives led to lower ADG than CT and LB animals. However, the CL treatment showed the best results in terms of chemical composition and aerobic stability among all four treatments. As observed previously NRC (1996) underestimated daily gains and overestimated DM intake.

La thèse s'articule autour du thème des FPGA embarqués(eFPGAs). Ce manuscrit analyse les solutions existantes actuellement et discute les challenges et opportunités de ces technologies; une analyse en profondeur des échecs des tentatives passées est également donnée. Sur la base des solutions existantes dans la littérature, une structure de eFPGA à topologie de type grille est proposée, décrite en langage VHDL RTL. Cette solution comporte également les outils de programmation associés. Sur la base de cette proposition, des explorations sont menées quant à la pertinence des solutions proposées au sens de métriques d'actualité tells que densité logique, performance et consommation. Une des contributions notables de cette thèse repose sur la proposition d'une architecture de switch unifiée éliminant les blocs de connexions ainsi que l'interconnexion locale typique des FPGA actuels(telles que ceux modélisables dans le logiciel VPR) tout en autorisant une bonne routabilité. Toutes les expérimentations ont été menées sur une technologie CMOS 65nm faible puissance du fondeur STMicroelectronics, qui permet de fait d'obtenir des évaluations pertinentes. Une seconde contribution notable repose sur l'exploration de l'intégration de eFPGA dans un contexte système sur puce (SoC). Cette approche repose sur l'adjonction d'un eFPGA au sein d'un système intégré, au côté d'un processeur de type LEON3, la programmation s'effectuant sur la base d'une approche de type ESL. Deux explorations sont ainsi déclinées, comme unité intégrée au sein du processeur et comme coprocesseur. Les résultats présentés permettent ainsi d'analyser sous plusieurs angles les compromis possibles ainsi que les perspectives et limitations de ce type d'approches. Finalement, un cas d'étude est également présenté quant à l'intégration de mémoires de type magnétique (MRAM) au sein-même de l'architecture du eFPGA. / The thesis extensively revolves around embedded FPGAs (eFPGAs). It conducts detailed survey focused on programmable technologies to investigate potentials and challenges of eFPGAs and probable failure reasons of several past attempts of different kinds. Based on survey knowledge, technology independent soft eFPGAs of FPGA-like mesh-based classical architecture with standard RTL programming flow areinvestigated. Detailed eFPGA architectural explorations (including CAD tools) are conducted to explore silicon-efficient (logic density, power, performance etc.)eFPGA architectures. Among notable innovations achieved is unified switch block with complete removal of connection block and local interconnect of classical mesh-based FPGAs (VPR-like) while maintaining good routing efficiency. All experiments are conducted on 65nm CMOS low powerSTMicroelectronics process to get practical silicon values and perspectives. Finally eFPGAs in systems (SoCs) potentials and challenges are addressed. A reconfigurable acceleration scenario with ESL exploitation (for programming ease) and full silicon tradeoffs visualization is presented with integration of eFPGA with LEON3 processor (as a functional and co-processor unit, with also highlighting potential flaws of functional unit in industrial perspectives). An interesting case study for perspectives of emerging MRAM memories for eFPGAs is also presented.

De nos jours, la majorité des objets manufacturés sont conçus par des logiciels informatiques de CAO (Conception Assistée par Ordinateur). Cependant, lors de la visualisation, d'échange de données ou des processus de fabrication, le modèle géométrique doit être discrétisé en un maillage 3D composé d'un nombre fini de sommets et d'arêtes. Or, dans certaines situations le modèle initial peut être perdu ou indisponible. La représentation discrète 3D peut aussi être modifiée, par exemple après une simulation numérique, et ne plus correspondre au modèle initial. Une méthode de rétro-ingénierie est alors nécessaire afin de reconstruire une représentation continue 3D à partir de la représentation discrète.Dans ce manuscrit, nous présentons une procédure automatique et complète de rétro-ingénierie pour les maillages 3D issus principalement de la discrétisation d'objets mécaniques. Pour cela, nous proposons des améliorations sur la détection de primitives géométriques simples. Puis, nous introduisons un formalisme clair pour la définition de la topologie de l'objet et la construction des intersections entre les primitives. Enfin, nous décrivons une nouvelle méthode de construction de surfaces paramétriques 3D, fondée sur l'extraction automatique de grilles rectangulaires régulières supports. La méthode a été testée sur des maillages 3D issus d'applications industrielles et permet d'obtenir des modèles B-Rep cohérents. / Nowadays, most of the manufactured objects are designed using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software. Nevertheless, for visualization, data exchange or manufacturing applications, the geometric model has to be discretized into a 3D mesh composed of a finite number of vertices and edges. But, in some cases, the initial model may be lost or unavailable. In other cases, the 3D discrete representation may be modified, for example after a numerical simulation, and does not correspond anymore to the initial model. A retro-engineering method is then required to reconstruct a 3D continuous representation from the discrete one.In this Ph.D. Thesis, we present an automatic and comprehensive reverse engineering process mainly dedicated to 3D meshes of mechanical items. We present first several improvements in automatically detecting geometric primitives from a 3D mesh. Then, we introduce a clear formalism to define the topology of the object and to construct the intersections between primitives. At the end, we describe a new method to fit 3D parametric surfaces which is based on extracting regular rectangular grids. The whole process is tested on 3D industrial meshes and results in reconstructing consistent B-Rep models.

陳美玲. / "2002年7月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 114-122) / 附中英文撮要. / "2002 nian 7 yue" / Chen Meiling. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 114-122) / Fu Zhong Ying wen cuo yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 前言 / Chapter 1.1 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 本硏究欲探究的問題和方法 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- 本文各章提要 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- 硏究回顧：香港的性別硏究 --- p.5 / 婦女團體與學術機構合作 --- p.9 / 「婦女」與「性別」 --- p.10 / Chapter 第二章 --- 「性別」作爲分析類別一一 Joan Wallach Scott的女性主義歷史理論 / Chapter 2.1 --- 引言 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- 「婦女史」與「性別史」 --- p.13 / 「女性文化」(women's culture)的貢獻及其局限 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Joan W. Scott的性別歷史方法論 --- p.16 / 「性別」：社會關係和區分權力關係的基礎 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Joan W. Scott的女性主義歷史理論特色 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- 擴大性別定義，以性別爲硏究主體 --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- 槪念性虛假兩極化對立排比的消解 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- 堅持以性別和性別差異爲平等立論的主要基礎 --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5 --- 批評者的詰難 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- 女性主義歷史方法偷換「婦女」爲「性別」，並剝奪 了「性別」作爲歷史分析的獨立性 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- 女性主義歷史方法引進無政治傾向的後現代主義理論 、破壞了女性主義運動的政治效能 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- 後結構主義理論艱深難明，女性主義歷史研究很易 變成學院精英的專利 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.6 --- Joan W. Scott的回應 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.7 --- 結語 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三章 --- 性別作爲分析範疇的生命歷史一一 李曹秀群個案硏究 / Chapter 3.1 --- 引言 --- p.34 / 史料來源 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- 性別身份的建構過程一一 / 李曹秀群的家庭、教育及工作經驗 --- p.36 / 曹秀群的父親一一重視教育的米業商人 --- p.37 / 父親重視教育 --- p.38 / 教育一一儲蓄「平等」的「本金」 --- p.39 / 曹秀群的原生家庭成長經驗 --- p.39 / 父親欣賞有男子氣槪的女兒 --- p.41 / 上海經驗 --- p.42 / 作爲求學中途站的香港一一教會女子中學經驗 --- p.42 / 升學滬江 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- 以香港爲家 --- p.46 / 社會關係一一婚姻 --- p.46 / 李樹培家族 --- p.47 / 社會公義：男女平等 --- p.49 / 溫和的政治形象 --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4 --- 結語 --- p.52 / Chapter 第四章 --- 性別政治一一李曹秀群與戰後香港婦權運動 / Chapter 4.1 --- 引言 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- 戰後香港婦運 --- p.56 / 戰後香港 --- p.56 / 殖民地香港人的身份認同 --- p.57 / 香港文化 --- p.57 / 戰後香港婦運 --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3 --- 女性主義網絡一一 / 作爲李曹秀群後盾力量的婦女團體 --- p.59 / 女性主義群體網絡 --- p.59 / 香港基督教女青年會 --- p.60 / 香港中國婦女會 --- p.64 / 香港婦女協會(Hong Kong Council of Women) --- p.66 / 家庭計劃：女性也可以參與決定子女數目 --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4 --- 立法局內的女性聲音 --- p.70 / 首位女性立法局議員的象徵意義 --- p.70 / 從委員到議員 --- p.73 / 她在局內主力爭取的議題 --- p.73 / 性別角力：婚姻法 --- p.74 / 通過議案：解構舊例所定型的女性角色 --- p.75 / 局內唯一的反對聲音 --- p.77 / 議會文化：女性議題叨陪末座 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.5 --- 結語… --- p.82 / Chapter 第五章 --- 宗教價値與推動婦權運動的信念 / Chapter 5.1 --- 引言 --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2 --- 李曹秀群的宗教生活 --- p.87 / 宗教教育：教會學校生活 --- p.87 / 聖士提反女子中學寄宿生活：服務精神的培育 --- p.88 / 香港的人脈網絡奠基於聖士提反女子中學 --- p.88 / 滬江大學：基督教大學的宗旨及寄宿生活 所受基督教教育的熏陶 --- p.89 / 夫族家庭：第二代基督徒 --- p.92 / 公理堂：公理宗的自由式教會 --- p.93 / 主日講道：「新」婦女四德 --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3 --- 宗教價値觀一一以社會服務見證基督 --- p.97 / 女青年會作爲基督教運動 --- p.98 / 以社會服務行動實踐信仰 --- p.99 / Chapter 5.4 --- 結語 --- p.103 / 意義與委身 --- p.103 / 宗教的影響見諸行動者的世界觀 --- p.104 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 / 女性主義與婦女運動 --- p.106 / 李曹秀群對早期香港婦運的貢獻 --- p.108 / 附錄 / 李曹秀群社會服務工作履歷表 --- p.113 / 參考書目 --- p.114

本文以《红楼梦》回目翻译为例，描述中西方小说叙事传统下回目功能对于作者和译者都同样存在的作用力。梳理前人研究《红楼梦》及其翻译的成果，提出《红楼梦》回目翻译研究的意义；在对原文回目特点略作整理的基础上，共收集十种译本，以其中八种英译本和一种德译本为重点展开讨论，举例比较；主要以文本分析为方法，综合参考翻译、语言学、文化研究、叙事学等方面的理论。首先介绍译本以及原著版本的选择问题；概述原著回目和英文译本研究现状以及二者的相对意义；再进行原文回目研究，从章回小说起源与回目的发展谈起，归纳《红楼梦》回目的特点，描述在西方文学传统中难以再现之处；论及章回回目与西方章节标题的差异。在此基础上，论文还从不同角度对原文与译文回目进行比较研究，主要包括内容、形式、语言、叙述功能、艺术效果等方面；之后描述原文回目、原文章回内容、译文回目、译文章回内容之间的错综关系；并研究读者反应；再从文化视角进行论证。最后在结论中归纳回目的创作与再创作过程中对作者和译者同时起作用的因素，并总结翻译难度与译文得失。 / This thesis studies English translations of the chapter titles of the classical Chinese Zhanghui xiaoshuo (chapter-novel) Hong lou meng, also known as Dream of the Red Chamber or The Story of the Stone in the English-speaking world. It describes the changes made and effects achieved in different versions by different translators. The aim is to try to explain how the narrative and aesthetic functions of chapter titles influence both the processes of the author(s)’ writing and the translators’ rewriting, within the traditions of Chinese and Western fiction. The research covers nine versions in English and one version in German. The approach is eclectic: theories or concepts in translation, narratology, linguistic, etc. will be utilized whenever. Firstly, an introduction relevant to the selection of versions of the original and its translations will be given. Following the introduction is a review of previous studies on Hong lou meng, on its chapter titles, and the English translations of both the work itself and the chapter titles. The thesis will then study the origins and development of chapter titles in classical Chinese novels and in Western literature, find out the differences, and see if they share similar features or functions. Then it will go on to make comparison between the original chapter titles and their translations on the micro level, and discuss the narrative functions and aesthetic effects achieved by the translations, by studying changes made in the contents, form, and language of the chapter titles. In the thesis, the intricate relationships between chapter titles and chapter contents, both in the original work and in the translation will be described. After that, the thesis will focus on reader response. The translations of chapter titles will also be analyzed from cultural perspectives by examining culturally-loaded words in the original chapter titles and identifying Western culture embodied in their versions. Finally, the difficulties of translating the chapter titles and the merits and demerits of the translations will be summed up. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 黄小谊. / "2012年8月". / "2012 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-237). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Huang Xiaoyi. / 摘要 --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 目录 --- p.iii / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一． --- 论文范围与研究意义 --- p.1 / Chapter 二． --- 论述结构与研究方法 --- p.2 / Chapter 三. --- 原文版本与参考文本 --- p.4 / Chapter 四． --- 译本简介 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文献综述 --- p.11 / Chapter 一． --- 《红楼梦》原著及回目研究 --- p.11 / Chapter 1． --- “红学与《红楼梦》研究 --- p.11 / Chapter 2． --- 《红楼梦》回目研究 --- p.13 / Chapter 二. --- 《红楼梦》及回目英译研究 --- p.17 / Chapter 1． --- 《红楼梦》翻译及英译研究 --- p.17 / Chapter 2． --- 《红楼梦》回目英译研究 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章 --- 原文回目研究 --- p.40 / Chapter 一． --- 章回小说与章回回目 --- p.40 / Chapter 1． --- 章回小说的概念 --- p.40 / Chapter 2． --- 章回小说及其回目的发展 --- p.44 / Chapter 二． --- 《红楼梦》回目的功能与效果 --- p.49 / Chapter 1． --- 形式与内容 --- p.49 / Chapter 2． --- 用字组词特点及作用 --- p.50 / Chapter 3． --- 叙述功能 --- p.53 / Chapter 4. --- 审美效果 --- p.55 / Chapter 第四章 --- 章回回目与章节标题 --- p.58 / Chapter 一． --- 西方小说章节标题的起源和发展 --- p.58 / Chapter 二． --- 章回回目与章节标题的差异在翻译中的体现 --- p.70 / Chapter 第五章 --- 原文与译文回目的比较 --- p.74 / Chapter 一． --- 总目的编排与回目形式特征的展示 --- p.74 / Chapter 二． --- 回目译文形式与内容 --- p.77 / Chapter 1． --- 删节内容，简化形式 --- p.77 / Chapter 2． --- 更改内容，保留形式 --- p.81 / Chapter 3． --- 筛选内容，重组形式 --- p.84 / Chapter 4． --- 保留内容，破坏形式 --- p.86 / Chapter 5． --- 内容出发，兼顾形式 --- p.87 / Chapter 三． --- 回目内容与叙述功能 --- p.89 / Chapter 1． --- 提纲挈领--纲领简化 --- p.90 / Chapter 2． --- 综括全章 --- p.91 / Chapter 3． --- 点补情节--重心偏移 --- p.92 / Chapter 4． --- 刻画人物 --- p.93 / Chapter 5． --- 暗示情节--过度预叙 --- p.95 / Chapter 四． --- 译文语言与艺术效果 --- p.98 / Chapter 1． --- 修辞手法 --- p.98 / Chapter 2． --- 常用字词 --- p.103 / Chapter 第六章 --- 回目与章回内容之间的错综关系 --- p.110 / Chapter 一． --- 何谓“错综关系 --- p.110 / Chapter 二． --- 原文回目与章回内容的错综关系 --- p.111 / Chapter 1． --- 回目功能与回目-章回内容关系 --- p.112 / Chapter 2． --- 回目上下句与章回内容的错综关系 --- p.113 / Chapter 3． --- 回目上句与下句之间的关系 --- p.115 / Chapter 4． --- 回目与章回内容的交错关系 --- p.116 / Chapter 5． --- 回目局部与其他章回内容的遥相对应 --- p.117 / Chapter 6． --- 回目局部与章回内容的偏离关系 --- p.118 / Chapter 三． --- 译文回目、原文回目、章回内容之间的错综关系 --- p.119 / Chapter 1． --- 路径一，从原文回目到译文回目 --- p.119 / Chapter 2． --- 路径二，从章回内容到译文回目 --- p.120 / Chapter 3． --- 路径三，从原文章回内容（包括不同章回）到译文章回内容，再由译文章回内容到译文回目 --- p.121 / Chapter 4． --- 路径四，从原文回目到译文回目上句，从章回内容到译文回目下句（或反之） --- p.123 / Chapter 四． --- 双重错综的效果：译文的“纠错功能 --- p.125 / Chapter 五． --- 关系错综的内因 --- p.128 / Chapter 第七章 --- 读者反应研究 --- p.129 / Chapter 一． --- 作者与读者：作者的读者意识 --- p.129 / Chapter 二． --- 读者与回目：读者意识的载体 --- p.131 / Chapter 三． --- 读者与译者：译者的读者意识 --- p.133 / Chapter 四． --- 接受的接力：译者的双重身份 --- p.138 / Chapter 五. --- 原著读者与译著读者 --- p.141 / Chapter 1． --- 回目功能与读者预期 --- p.143 / Chapter 2． --- 审美效果与读者感受 --- p.151 / Chapter 第八章 --- 文化视角下的回目翻译研究 --- p.154 / Chapter 一． --- 翻译研究与文化研究的契合点及本章的重点 --- p.154 / Chapter 二． --- 译者的社会文化背景 --- p.155 / Chapter 三． --- 译者的双语言、双文化能力 --- p.162 / Chapter 四． --- 回目中文化负载词的翻译 --- p.164 / Chapter 1． --- 第一类，具体的文化词语 --- p.166 / Chapter 2． --- 第二类，抽象的文化词语 --- p.180 / Chapter 五． --- 文化的缺失、交融与不可译性 --- p.193 / Chapter 第九章 --- 结论 --- p.198 / Chapter 一． --- 回目翻译的困难 --- p.198 / Chapter 1． --- 回目翻译似易实难 --- p.198 / Chapter 2． --- 章回回目的自身难度 --- p.199 / Chapter 3． --- 中西差异导致的难度 --- p.203 / Chapter 二． --- 叙述功能制约下的创作与再创作 --- p.206 / Chapter 1． --- 叙述功能 --- p.206 / Chapter 2． --- 审美效果 --- p.207 / Chapter 3． --- 读者反应 --- p.208 / Chapter 三． --- 本文的不足之处 --- p.209 / Chapter 四． --- 话题的拓展延伸 --- p.210 / Chapter 1． --- 译文回目研究辅助原著回目研究 --- p.211 / Chapter 2． --- 西方章节标题与中国章回回目的全面比较 --- p.212 / 参考书目 --- p.213

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Bartkevicius da Costa.pdf: 5181205 bytes, checksum: 3e41749c6437f5303bfb6b3ac0701900 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-19 / Contemporaneity is full of symbolic and imaginary products that can be called "surreal". In fact throughout the twentieth century surrealism extrapolated the sphere of the arts and left marks in many spheres of social behavior. This study aims to examine the gaze inaugurated by the film Un Chien Andalou, and investigate the relationship of certain cultural products with the unconscious. The approach is based on the surrealist movement, its meaning production techniques, its context and its historical vicissitudes, to understand in which way, and especially by means of which strategies, the "surreal" manifests itself in our everyday life. Based on the ideas of Giulio Carlo Argan and Elisabeth Roudinesco among others, this study investigates the context that gave rise to the movement. The theoretical work of André Breton and the psychoanalytic concepts of Jacques Lacan, a contemporary of Breton s, will contribute to a better understanding of the movement. An articulation is then made with Peirce´s semiotics to analyze surrealism, understood as a noun or as an adjective, specifically in the field of images. As regards the methodology used, a bibliographic review was carried out, followed by exercises in digital video after analyzing the decoupage of the sliced eye scene in the film Un Chien Andalou (1929), by Salvador Dalí and Luis Buñuel, which is considered a paradigm. The study also sought to link the sliced eye with the packed eye, the zombie eye, an eye-shaped candy found in shops in Brazilian large cities, which is a perfect example of the surrealist aesthetic assimilated to daily life / A contemporaneidade está repleta de produtos imaginários e simbólicos que podem ser chamados de surrealistas . De fato, ao longo do século XX o surrealismo extrapolou o âmbito da arte, e deixou marcas em diversas esferas do comportamento social. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o olhar inaugurado pelo filme Um Cão Andaluz e, conseqüentemente, investigar as relações de alguns produtos culturais com o inconsciente. Na abordagem do tema, partimos do movimento surrealista, das suas técnicas de produção de sentido, do seu contexto histórico e de suas vicissitudes, para compreender de que forma, e principalmente por meio de quais estratégias, o surreal se manifesta no nosso dia-a-dia. Contamos com Giulio Carlo Argan e Elisabeth Roudinesco, entre outros, para investigar o contexto do surgimento do movimento. Para entendê-lo, passamos pelo edifício teórico de André Breton e pelos conceitos psicanalíticos de Jacques Lacan, contemporâneo ao anterior. A seguir, articulamos com a semiótica peirciana para analisar o surrealismo, entendido como substantivo ou como adjetivo, especificamente no campo das imagens. Do ponto de vista metodológico, realizaram-se pesquisas bibliográficas e exercícios em vídeo digital, depois da análise e decupagem da cena do olho cortado do filme Um Cão Andaluz (1929), de Salvador Dali e Luis Buñuel, considerado como paradigma. Outrossim, buscou-se relacionar o olho cortado com o olho embalado, o olho zumbi, uma guloseima em forma de olho, facilmente encontrada nos comércios das grandes metrópoles brasileiras, um exemplo perfeito da estética surrealista assimilada à vida cotidiana

本論文研究華人家族企業與華人家族之間的互動關係，並且以南洋兄弟煙草公司和簡氏家族作為本論文的個案研究。在論文中，將討論家族如何與為何影響公司的擁有權、控制權、公司經營和未來發展。同時，也將討論公司如何且為何影響一個家族的成立與擴張，與其他家庭的關係，以及如何從家族變成宗族。 / 在結論中，我將指出簡氏家族是一個成員不多的小家族，因此必須依賴親戚和廣東同鄉來經營。此外，雖然他們可藉著與簡氏家族的關係而進入南洋，但是他們在南洋的升遷與發展，則依賴他們的表現和與簡家的關係變化。因此在華人家族企業中，家族成員、親戚與同鄉可通過他們與家族的關係而進入企業工作，但是他們的未來取決於他們對公司的貢獻與表現，以及他們與家族之間的關係有何變化。 / 大部分的簡家成員是通過他們在海外的工作經驗而接觸並學習現代化技術，而非通過教育。此外，雖然簡氏家族在引入現代化技術以改善南洋的生產和管理，並且看似大膽且現代化，但實際上當他們在公司的權利可能因而受影響時，他們則表現得保守與傳統。因此，華人家族企業的現代化取決與華人家族企業的擁有權和控制權是否遭受威脅。如果擁有權和控制權不受影響，現代化的改革則得以實施，不然將仍然保留傳統的模式。現代化並非單純的零和模式，因此許多華人家族企業是現代與傳統的混合體。 / 由於與政治界缺乏有效的方式與溝通，南洋與簡氏家族都不可避免地受到政府的影響，無力拒絶政府的要求並為他們自己爭取更好的機會。如同民國時期其他商人與企業，當中國出現大一統政府時，他們就無法取得比較好的機會與待遇。 / 本研究也為華人家族企業指出了四個新理論。第一，當華人家族企業為股份公司時，其擁有權將影響其控制權。第二，家族成員、親戚與鄉親可進入公司，但他們的地位取決於其貢獻與表現，以及他們與家族的關係。第三，華人家族企業的現代化，取決於家族是否可保有對公司的擁有權和控制權。第四 ，企業家精神有時對公司不是好處，而是壞處。 / The thesis is a research based on a case study of the inter-relation of a Chinese family firm and a Chinese family: the Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company and the Jian family. The article will be discussing on the rationale and practices that influence a firm on its ownership, authority, operations and developments; In addition, the ground of these influences towards its family growth, expansion, connection with other families, eventually leading to a lineage evolution. / Throughout the study, I have indicated that the Jian family is a small family. Hence, most of its members have to rely on their paternal and maternal relatives, or the Cantonese fellows to operate Nanyang. In the beginning stage, this group of family members could obtain a position in Nanyang through relationship with the Jian family. However, their career paths in Nanyang are subject to their performances and the changes of relationship with the Jian family at some point in the future. / In spite of ample working experience gained in overseas, most members from the Jian family did not learn about modernization through academic choice. Notwithstanding the evidence that the Jian family has introduced the modern skills and technology into the process of Nanyang’s manufacturing and management, it is unlikely that the authority could forgo the conventional methodology in order to adapt to the advanced formulas. Over and above that, this group of family members regards this phenomenon as a disadvantage towards their position in Nanyang. The threat level of present authority and ownership determines the success rate of the evolution within a Chinese family firm. Modernization could be realized if only the present authority were not affected. However, the evolution within a firm is not a zero-sum game. And therefore, many of the Chinese family firms adapt to the integration of modern and conventional management approach. / The lack of communication efficiency between the local government and Jian family, as well as Nanyang is the fundamental of its political position. Due to its political positioning, Nanyang unavoidably faces difficulties in declining requests from the government and to strive for greater opportunities. Like any other merchants during the Republican Era of China, they could not gain a better treatment under these circumstances. / The research indicated four principles for these Chinese family firms. Firstly, when a Chinese family firm is also a stock corporate at the same time, its ownership of the company’s share will directly impact on its individual authority. Secondly, family members, relatives, and fellows could achieve an easy entry into a Chinese family firm based on its relationship. However, the career paths in the firm are subject to their individual performances and the relationship with the family. Thirdly, the threat level of present authority and ownership determines the success rate of the evolution within a Chinese family firm. Modernization could be realized if only the present authority were not affected. Otherwise, modernization will be denied at the initial stage. Lastly, entrepreneurship is a double-edged sword. It allows a firm to unleash its greatness; or, a significant drawback. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chong, Henry Ren Jie. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-292). / Abstracts also in Chinese.