The paradigm shift in teaching from the teacher-centred approach to the learner-centred approach in recent years has impacted on the way teachers go about their duties in the classroom. This paradigm shift necessitated this research with the aim of investigating how the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) technique can be used as a cooperative learning technique to teach EFAL in Kwazulu-Natal. The purpose of this study was to design a framework for the implementation of STAD as a cooperative teaching strategy for EFAL teachers by gleaning literature on teaching and learning, cooperative learning and STAD in chapters two to four of this study. Empirical research, by way of a survey and focus group discussions were also conducted in four out of the twelve districts in the Kwazulu-Natal Province to help solidify the framework designed in this study. In striving to get in-depth insight into this study, the post-positivist-constructivist paradigm, which calls for the mixed methods research design was employed for the collection and analysis of data. Specifically, the Likert scale survey questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to collect data, through the sequential mixed methods design for the quantitative and qualitative phases of this study respectively, from a sample of 220 respondents and twelve participants. The findings of this research indicated that the time spent in training teachers towards the implementation of the STAD technique was not adequate. That notwithstanding, it was indicative that teachers make efforts to implement the strategy in their teaching and the results proved to be very positive as the technique continues to help improve upon learners’ performances and builds in them qualities such as critical thinking skills, good discussion skills and positive collaborative learning. In the nutshell, the literature study, the findings of the empirical research and the recommendation of this study forms the basis for designing the framework for the implementation of STAD as a teaching strategy for EFAL teachers. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Violence is common-place in South African schools and managing learner aggression is central to learners’ academic performance and holistic development. There is empirical evidence that suggests that the school curriculum is an essential vehicle for driving the process of creating social and emotional competent individuals, capable of social cohesion and tolerance. This evaluation research aims to evaluate whether the CAPS Life Orientation curriculum is adequately addressing social and emotional competence in learners in order to reduce violence in schools. A comprehensive literature review was conducted which revealed that Social and Emotional Learning programs are highly effective in addressing issues of violence and social problems in schools along with producing a positive school climate with high learner academic achievements. Data collected from the Life Orientation Curriculum documents, Grades R-12, and the elite electronic interview, revealed that the Life Orientation curriculum covers most of the essential elements necessary to make an impact on the development of learners’ social and emotional skills, but may lack the necessary knowledgeable teachers to facilitate such an important study area. Furthermore, not enough time and resources are allocated to Social and Emotional learning. Based on these results, recommendations are made through a ‘framework to advance social and emotional learning in schools model’ for the CAPS Life Orientation curriculum Grades R-12. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

The education ministry has introduced a number of important curriculum forms, including Curriculum 2005 (C2005) in 1998, the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) in 2002, and most recently, the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) in 2012 in Grade 10. The latter was aimed at replacing the NCS in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The need for replacement was necessitated by problems that teachers experienced concerning understanding and implementing various previous curriculum policies. The literature study and theoretical framework explored scholarly contributions that are relevant to CAPS implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine teachers‟ perceptions, and identify and clarify possible barriers relating to the implementation of CAPS in Grade 10 in selected schools at Ndwedwe in Durban. For sampling purposes, rural disadvantaged schools were selected to explore the knowledge and experiences teachers hold with regard to curriculum implementation. Exploratory qualitative research design was executed with a sample of purposively selected participants which constitute one Head of Department and two teachers from each of the five different schools. Data collection was facilitated by means of interviews. The findings revealed that teachers were at first eager to welcome and accept CAPS. Furthermore, this study indicated that some challenges emerged and impeded teachers from effectively implementing CAPS. The challenges experienced relate to resource shortages, teacher training, resistance to change, class size, lack of time, professional development, workload, administrative support, monitoring and language as a barrier ( on the part of the learners). The study argues that without proper infrastructure, schools can neither hope nor manage to successfully implement CAPS. Based on the findings from literature and interviews, teachers still need immediate assistance with CAPS related matters. Recommendations are made to teachers, head of departments, principals, subject advisors, DBE and parents to aid effective implementation of CAPS. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

The study focuses on challenges in the development of learner-centred and process-oriented teaching and learning in the learning areas, natural science (NS) and mathematics in South African schools. The aim of NS is to develop scientifically literate learners. The three Learning Outcomes (LOs) and the accompanying Assessment Standards (ASs) should enable learners to understand the science products or system of ideas such as underlying theories and principles. The LOs point out the learner’s abilities to use the sciences products or system of ideas. Educators encounter challenges in the application of the LOs and ASs in teaching and learning activities. Against this background, a mixed method study was conducted in selected schools in the Tshwane South District in Gauteng. Data were gathered by document analysis, focus groups and a questionnaire to gauge how the educators are applying the LOs and ASs. Findings indicated that lessons plans were inadequate and educators were not familiar with curriculum documents. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Sciences Education)

An increasing trend of using macroprudential instrument, caps on loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, requires a full understanding of how the instrument works in practice. As the empirical research is still scant, this thesis attempts to contribute with a new evidence on LTV effectiveness in context of six developed economies, namely Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Latvia and Lithuania. To achieve this objective we analyse the impact of caps on LTV on credit growth, mortgage credit-to- GDP ratio and price growth. LTV limits are not a harmonised measure and its national-level implementation includes numerous specificities that can hinder cross-country comparisons. As a result, this thesis proposes a construction of LTV index reflecting specific aspects of the measure. Using the LTV Index we confirmed a slowdown of credit, mortgage and price growth. JEL Classification E44, E51, E52, E58, G21 Key words caps on loan-to-value ratio, maximum LTV ratio, macroprudential policy, credit-related instruments, LTV Index, house price growth, credit growth, financial stability.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-06-06T14:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TrabalhoPrecarizacaoTranstorno.pdf: 1277721 bytes, checksum: 2ae771f4f8f2a346db9b1dcb87a293e8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-06-12T13:10:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TrabalhoPrecarizacaoTranstorno.pdf: 1277721 bytes, checksum: 2ae771f4f8f2a346db9b1dcb87a293e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T13:10:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TrabalhoPrecarizacaoTranstorno.pdf: 1277721 bytes, checksum: 2ae771f4f8f2a346db9b1dcb87a293e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / O presente estudo é resultado de pesquisa de tipo qualitativa na forma de análise dos relatos verbais de dez profissionais de um CAPS de Belém do Pará, com o objetivo de analisar a visão que possuem da relação trabalho e transtorno mental, mais especificamente sobre os impactos das mudanças no mundo do trabalho na saúde mental de trabalhadores que fazem tratamento no CAPS, e que referem seus transtornos mentais como resultantes das condições precárias de trabalho. Como desdobramento desse objetivo primeiro, a pesquisa procurou analisar se as respostas institucionais iriam ao encontro das demandas dos usuários ou se restringiriam à medicalização/administração de sua condição de “doente mental”. Como referencial teórico-metodológico adotou-se a abordagem marxista, o que permitiu uma revisão histórica e teórica críticas das mediações que envolvem a relação objetividade-subjetividade, notadamente as determinações econômicas e sociais presentes na sociedade capitalista contemporânea marcada pela precarização do trabalho, incremento das desigualdades sociais e banalização do humano, decorrente da obtenção da mais-valia. A abordagem da relação saúde mental e trabalho, de Seligmann-Silva e de Dejours também foram de suma importância para uma análise o mais ampla possível dos dados coletados, sobretudo, os estudos dos efeitos danosos do processo de trabalho na subjetividade do trabalhador. A hipótese inicial da pesquisa, que se confirmou, era de que as mudanças no mundo do trabalhado, a partir da crise capitalista contemporânea, intensifica a precarização das relações de trabalho e, consequentemente, todas as dimensões da vida social, favorecendo o surgimento de transtornos mentais, e que tal fenômeno seria perceptível pelos profissionais do CAPS. Os elementos do universo do trabalho que impactaram a saúde mental foram: a falta de identificação com o trabalho, relações de trabalho competitivas, instalações precárias, intensificação do ritmo e da jornada de trabalho, ausência de tempo livre e aumento da vulnerabilidade social. Associados a estes elementos, a violência social desempenhou papel importante na produção dos transtornos mentais. A pesquisa revelou também que os efeitos deletérios da nova organização do trabalho sobre a saúde mental estenderam-se aos próprios profissionais do serviço, cujo elemento central é a extensão da jornada de trabalho. Já os dados sobre as respostas institucionais evidenciam uma tensão entre as ações que favorecem a maior autonomia dos usuários e as ações focalizadas na administração\medicalização de sua condição de “doente mental”, porém com hegemonia das primeiras. / This study is the result of empirical research in the form of analysis of verbal reports of ten professionals of a CAPS Belém do Pará, in order to analyze the vision that have the relationship work and mental disorder, more specifically on the impact of changes the world of work in mental health workers who make treatment in CAPS and referring to their mental disorders as a result of poor working conditions and life. An outcome of this first objective the research sought to examine whether the institutional responses would meet the demands of users or restrict the medicalization/administration of their status as "mentally ill". As theoretical and methodological framework adopted the Marxist approach, which allowed a historical and theoretical review critical of mediations involving the relationship objectivity-subjectivity, in particular, the economic and social determinations present in contemporary capitalist sociability marked by job insecurity, increase social inequalities and trivialization of human from the obtaining of surplus value. The approach in mental health work and Seligmann-Silva and Dejours were also of paramount importance to an analysis of the widest possible data collected, in particular, studies of the harmful effects of the work process in the worker's subjectivity. The initial hypothesis of the research, which was confirmed, was that the changes in the working world, from the contemporary capitalist crisis, intensified the pace and working hours, precarious labor relations and consequently all dimensions of social life favoring the emergence of mental disorders and that such a phenomenon would be noticeable by the CAPS professionals. The elements of the world of work that impacted the mental health were: a lack of identification with work, competitive interpersonal relationships, poor facilities, stepping up the pace and working hours, lack of free time and social vulnerability. The survey also revealed that the deleterious effects of the new organization of work on mental health have shown extended to service professionals themselves, whose central element is the extension of the working day. Data on institutional responses show a tension between the actions favoring greater autonomy for users and actions focused on the administration \ medicalization of their status as "mentally ill", but with the hegemony of the first.

The paradigm shift in teaching from the teacher-centred approach to the learner-centred approach in recent years has impacted on the way teachers go about their duties in the classroom. This paradigm shift necessitated this research with the aim of investigating how the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) technique can be used as a cooperative learning technique to teach EFAL in Kwazulu-Natal. The purpose of this study was to design a framework for the implementation of STAD as a cooperative teaching strategy for EFAL teachers by gleaning literature on teaching and learning, cooperative learning and STAD in chapters two to four of this study. Empirical research, by way of a survey and focus group discussions were also conducted in four out of the twelve districts in the Kwazulu-Natal Province to help solidify the framework designed in this study. In striving to get in-depth insight into this study, the post-positivist-constructivist paradigm, which calls for the mixed methods research design was employed for the collection and analysis of data. Specifically, the Likert scale survey questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to collect data, through the sequential mixed methods design for the quantitative and qualitative phases of this study respectively, from a sample of 220 respondents and twelve participants. The findings of this research indicated that the time spent in training teachers towards the implementation of the STAD technique was not adequate. That notwithstanding, it was indicative that teachers make efforts to implement the strategy in their teaching and the results proved to be very positive as the technique continues to help improve upon learners’ performances and builds in them qualities such as critical thinking skills, good discussion skills and positive collaborative learning. In the nutshell, the literature study, the findings of the empirical research and the recommendation of this study forms the basis for designing the framework for the implementation of STAD as a teaching strategy for EFAL teachers. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

量價關係，一直以來皆為技術分析學派所廣泛運用，其主張運用過去的股價以及成交量來推測股票未來的走勢，而也有許多的研究以及投資策略皆是從量價關係所出。在國內，小型股也由於其股本小的特性，往往成為有心人士炒作之標的。此外，小型股亦較大型股具有不對稱資訊的性質，而由於成交量背後往往隱藏著許多的資訊，因此投資人利用量與價之間的關係，得到能夠有效預測小型股股價的方法以利其投資。 而本文之研究，將量價關係運用在小型股上，想檢視彼此間有無任何關係存在。本文中我們使用了因果關係檢定，三因子模型，以及縱橫迴歸模型，用來分別檢視小型股與大型股的量價關係。驗證結果發現，在不同的檢驗方式下，都會得到小型股較大型股，有顯著量價影響的關係存在。 / The relation between volume and price is widely used in technical analysis. It predicts future stock price by using past stock price and volume. There are lots of investigations and investment strategies are stemmed from it. In Taiwan, small caps are preferred to be held by the people who would like to manipulate the price because of their small number of capitalization. In addition, compared with large caps, small caps are of asymmetric information to the investors. As there is lot of information hidden behind volume, investors are likely to use the relation between volume and price to get a useful way to predict small caps’ stock price. In this paper, I use granger causality test, three-factor model, and panel data model to test the relation between price/return and volume of small caps and big caps separately. The experiment shows that use different ways, we can verify there exist more obvious relations between volume and price in small caps than in large caps.

Por muitos anos a assistência em saúde mental foi orientada pelo princípio terapêutico do isolamento do meio familiar e social, fato que levou a movimentos de crítica às instituições psiquiátricas com o objetivo de buscar alternativas para promover uma assistência que possibilitasse a reinserção social e o resgate da cidadania da pessoa com sofrimento psíquico. Nesse contexto, a família tornou-se o principal elo de ligação entre o serviço e a sociedade, assumindo o papel de protagonista no cuidado em saúde mental. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) voltadas para a família no cuidado do indivíduo com sofrimento psíquico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico e do tipo ‘estudo de caso’ com abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta dos dados, foram realizadas a observação e a entrevista semi-estruturada com profissionais, familiares e usuários de um CAPS. Os resultados mostraram que o trabalho no CAPS só se concretiza através da parceria e da participação familiar. A inserção da família é condição sine qua non para o enfrentamento do sofrimento psíquico, integrando, acolhendo, cuidando e incluindo os atores dessa relação nos espaços cotidianos da vida. O atendimento individual, o grupo de família, a busca ativa, a visita domiciliar e as oficinas, são estratégias realizadas no CAPS na efetivação da inserção da família. Nessa parceria, o vínculo aparece como fundamental na construção de caminhos menos sofridos e menos estigmatizados da vivência do sofrimento psíquico. / For many years, the assistance in mental health was guided by the therapeutic principle of family and social isolation, this fact has taken to manifestations of critic to the psychiatric institutions, with the purpose of searching alternatives to promote an assistance which would make the social reintegration and citizenship rescue of the person in psychological suffering possible. In this context the family has become the main link between the service and the society, taking the role of the protagonist in mental health care. This research has the objective of identifying the mental health activities developed at Psychosocial Center of Attention (CAPS), which are turned to the family in the care of the individual in psychological suffering. It is a descriptive, analytic study; the kind “study of case” with qualitative approach. For the data collect, the observation and the semi-structured interview with professionals, family members, and users of a CAPS took place. The results showed that the work at CAPS only becomes real through the partnership and family participation. The insertion of the family is a sine qua non condition to the confronting of the psychical suffering; integrating, cherishing, caring and including the actors of this relation in the everyday position. The individual consultation, the family group, the active search, the home visit, the workshops are strategies used at CAPS in the effective insertion of the family. In this partnership, the bonding appears as basis in the construction of less suffering and less stigmatized ways of psychical suffering. / Por muchos años, la asistencia en salud mental fue orientada por el principio terapéutico del aislamiento del medio familiar y social, hecho que llevó a movimientos de críticas a las instituciones psiquiátricas con el objetivo de buscar alternativas psiquiátricas para promocionar una asistencia que posibilitara la reinserción social y el rescate de la ciudadanía de la persona con sufrimiento psíquico. En ese contexto, la familia se ha vuelto el principal elo de ligación entre el servicio y la sociedad, asumiendo el papel de protagonista en el cuidado en salud mental. Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de identificar las acciones de salud mental desarrolladas en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) volcadas para la familia en el cuidado del individuo con sufrimiento psíquico. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, analítico y del tipo ‘estudio de caso’ con abordaje cualitativo. Para la colecta de dados, fueron realizadas la observación y la entrevista semiestructurada con profesionales, familiares y usuarios de un CAPS. Los resultados mostraran que el trabajo en el CAPS sólo se concretiza a través de parcería de la familia es condición sine qua non para el enfrentamiento del sufrimiento psíquico, integrando, acogiendo, cuidando e incluyendo los actores de esa relación en los espacios cotidianos de la vida. El atendimiento individual, el grupo de familia, la busca activa, la visita domiciliar y los talleres son estrategias realizadas en el CAPS en la efetivación de la inserción de la familia. En esa parcería, el vínculo aparece como fundamental en la construcción de caminos menos sufridos y menos estigmatizados del convivio del sufrimiento psíquico.

Violence is common-place in South African schools and managing learner aggression is central to learners’ academic performance and holistic development. There is empirical evidence that suggests that the school curriculum is an essential vehicle for driving the process of creating social and emotional competent individuals, capable of social cohesion and tolerance. This evaluation research aims to evaluate whether the CAPS Life Orientation curriculum is adequately addressing social and emotional competence in learners in order to reduce violence in schools. A comprehensive literature review was conducted which revealed that Social and Emotional Learning programs are highly effective in addressing issues of violence and social problems in schools along with producing a positive school climate with high learner academic achievements. Data collected from the Life Orientation Curriculum documents, Grades R-12, and the elite electronic interview, revealed that the Life Orientation curriculum covers most of the essential elements necessary to make an impact on the development of learners’ social and emotional skills, but may lack the necessary knowledgeable teachers to facilitate such an important study area. Furthermore, not enough time and resources are allocated to Social and Emotional learning. Based on these results, recommendations are made through a ‘framework to advance social and emotional learning in schools model’ for the CAPS Life Orientation curriculum Grades R-12. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)