Ångestsyndrom tillhör den vanligaste psykiatriska problematiken hos barn. Ångestsyndrom börjar ofta i tidig ålder, medför stort lidande och predicerar psykiatrisk problematik senare i livet. Det är viktigt att undersöka hur ångestsyndrom kan förebyggas eftersom få barn med denna problematik kommer i kontakt med behandling. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om FRIENDS, ett preventionsprogram från Australien, fungerar i en svensk kontext. Femtio barn i nioårsåldern undervisades i FRIENDS under tio lektioner. Barnens ångestsymptom, depressionssymptom och generella psykiska hälsa mättes vid tre tillfällen med formulären SCAS, CDI och SDQ. Mätningarna skedde tio veckor innan interventionen, veckan innan och veckan efter interventionen. Resultaten visade att FRIENDS minskade barnens depressionssymptom samt minskade ångest hos barn med förhöjd risk för ångestproblematik. Efter FRIENDS skattade lärarna lägre tendens till psykisk ohälsa hos barnen. Enligt utvärderingen var barn och föräldrar nöjda med programmet. Sammantaget visar studien att FRIENDS är en lovande intervention i en svensk kontext.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho busca uma anÃlise aprofundada sobre o Private Equity no Brasil, mais especificamente sob a Ãtica de como o artigo: o ranking âMaiores e Melhoresâ, da revista Exame, reflete o assunto, alÃm de um paralelo de rentabilidade com o CDI e o Ibovespa. A metodologia empregada consiste em desenvolver comparaÃÃes que quantifiquem a presenÃa de fundos Private Equity no ranking da revista, alÃm de comparar a variaÃÃo dos preÃos das aÃÃes pÃs IPO com a taxa CDI e o Ibovespa, a comparaÃÃo serà da data de seu IPO em um prazo seguinte de 30 e 360 dias. Para o experimento, foram coletados os IPOs realizados na Bovespa do ano de 2011 ao ano de 2013, totalizando 24 IPOs. A partir destas anÃlises pode-se concluir que a presenÃa de fundos Private Equity evidenciou que o aporte por parte dos fundos de investimentos tem grande relevÃncia para seu IPO e o bom desempenho organizacional futuro, alÃm de explicitar que a compra de aÃÃes no momento de sua abertura de capital quando comparada ao CDI e a Bovespa mostrou-se, na grande parte das observaÃÃes, que possuem retornos iguais ou mais rentÃveis do que a CDI e o Ibovespa isso em um curto prazo e em um longo prazo. / Este trabalho busca uma anÃlise aprofundada sobre o Private Equity no Brasil, mais especificamente sob a Ãtica de como o artigo: o ranking âMaiores e Melhoresâ, da revista Exame, reflete o assunto, alÃm de um paralelo de rentabilidade com o CDI e o Ibovespa. A metodologia empregada consiste em desenvolver comparaÃÃes que quantifiquem a presenÃa de fundos Private Equity no ranking da revista, alÃm de comparar a variaÃÃo dos preÃos das aÃÃes pÃs IPO com a taxa CDI e o Ibovespa, a comparaÃÃo serà da data de seu IPO em um prazo seguinte de 30 e 360 dias. Para o experimento, foram coletados os IPOs realizados na Bovespa do ano de 2011 ao ano de 2013, totalizando 24 IPOs. A partir destas anÃlises pode-se concluir que a presenÃa de fundos Private Equity evidenciou que o aporte por parte dos fundos de investimentos tem grande relevÃncia para seu IPO e o bom desempenho organizacional futuro, alÃm de explicitar que a compra de aÃÃes no momento de sua abertura de capital quando comparada ao CDI e a Bovespa mostrou-se, na grande parte das observaÃÃes, que possuem retornos iguais ou mais rentÃveis do que a CDI e o Ibovespa isso em um curto prazo e em um longo prazo.

Objective: Proper assessment and early identification of depressive symptoms are essential to initiate treatment and minimize the risk for poor outcomes in youth with epilepsy (YWE). The current study examined the predictive utility of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory-Epilepsy for Youth (NDDI-E-Y) and the Neuro-QOL Depression Short Form (Neuro-QOL SF) in explaining variance in overall depressive symptoms and specific symptom clusters on the gold standard Children's Depression Inventory-2 (CDI-2). Methods: Cross-sectional study examining 99 YWE (female 68, mean age 14.7 years) during a routine epilepsy visit, who completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms, including the NDDI-E-Y, CDI-2, and the Neuro-QOL SF. Caregivers completed a measure of seizure severity. All sociodemographic and medical information was evaluated through electronic medical record review. Results: After accounting for seizure and demographic variables, the NDDI-E-Y accounted for 45% of the variance in the CDI-2 Total score and the CDI-2 Ineffectiveness subscale. Furthermore, the NDDI-E-Y predicted CDI-2 Total scores and subscales similarly, with the exception of explaining significantly more variance in the CDI-2 Ineffectiveness subscale compared to the Negative Mood subscale. The NDDI-E-Y explained greater variance compared to Neuro-QOL SF across the Total (48% vs. 37%) and all CDI-2 subscale scores; however, the NDDI-E-Y emerged as a stronger predictor of only CDI-2 Ineffectiveness. Both the NDDI-E-Y and Neuro-QOL SF accounted for the lowest amount of variance in CDI-2 Negative Mood. Sensitivity was poor for the Neuro-QOL SF in predicting high versus low CDI-2 scores. Significance: The NDDI-E-Y has strong psychometrics and can be easily integrated into routine epilepsy care for quick, brief screening of depressive symptoms in YWE.

No description available.

A sociedade brasileira apresenta um processo de desenvolvimento desencadeado pela democratização na década de 90. Esse processo tem um fator de inclusão social que resultou no nascimento de uma classe C ávida por consumo de produtos e de serviços, dentre os quais está o acesso à energia elétrica com qualidade e com disponibilidade. Contudo, a sociedade não é homogênea e a estratificação econômica em classes não é suficiente para tratar e definir comportamentos. Essa diversidade afeta a operação de empresas distribuidoras de energia, as quais enfrentam a questão de inclusão de clientes, até então informais, e questões de altas perdas não técnicas provenientes, por um lado, de uma grande parcela de clientes informais e, de outro, de uma cultura de não pagamento, o que eleva essas perdas a patamares superiores a 50%. E, novamente, tais perdas são distribuídas de forma desigual no país, ou seja, empresas concessionárias têm que lidar com clientes de diferentes perfis e comportamentos além de operar em cidades com diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. A contribuição deste estudo é mostrar a possibilidade de usar projetos de inclusão digital para melhorar os resultados de eficiência energética ao criar ações focadas no empoderamento de clientes através de educação e de geração de renda. Os testes experimentais revelaram que existe um grande potencial para integrar ações sociais a atividades técnicas desses programas. Tal potencial deve ser exercido na nova classe social em ascensão, que necessita de empoderamento e de integração social para quebrar definitivamente a cultura de não pagamento e culturas não integradas aos conceitos de uma sociedade democrática baseada em conceitos de direitos e deveres. A inclusão de clientes informais é fundamental para diminuir a parcela de perdas não técnicas, e o desafio é duplo, pois não basta incluí-los; deve-se mantê-los como clientes adimplentes e com relações comerciais regulares. Este trabalho apresenta a experiência do CDI, o Comitê para Democratização da Informática, no Projeto de Eficiência Energética da Light na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / The Brazilian society has a development process unleashed by democratization in the 90\'s This process has social inclusion as factor that led to the birth of a medium class that is eager to purchase products and services, which include access to electric energy with quality and availability. However, the society is not homogeneous and economic stratification into classes is not enough to address and define behaviors. This diversity affects the electricity distribution operations by companies, which are facing issues related to the inclusion of new clients, who, until then, are informal, and issues concerning high non-technical losses, firstly, because of a large number of informal clients and, secondly, because of a non-payment culture that elevates these losses at levels higher than 50%. These losses are distributed unevenly in the country, that is, the utilities have to deal with customers of different profiles and different behaviors as well as to operate in cities with different stages of development. The contribution of this study is to show the use projects of digital inclusion to increase the results of the energy efficiency programs to create actions focused on empowering customers integrating education and income generation. Experimental tests have shown that there is a great potential to integrate social actions with technical activities of these programs, and this potential should be exercised in the new class, rising to empowerment and social integration to break definitively cultures of non-payment and culture that is not integrated with the concepts of a democratic society based on concepts of rights and duties. The inclusion of informal clients is fundamental to reduce part of non-technical losses, and the challenge is twofold, once it is not only necessary to include them; they should be kept as customers in non-default situation and regular commercial relations. This paper presents the experience of the CDI Change trough Digital Inclusion in the Project of Energy Efficiency of Light Energy Company in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

A sociedade brasileira apresenta um processo de desenvolvimento desencadeado pela democratização na década de 90. Esse processo tem um fator de inclusão social que resultou no nascimento de uma classe C ávida por consumo de produtos e de serviços, dentre os quais está o acesso à energia elétrica com qualidade e com disponibilidade. Contudo, a sociedade não é homogênea e a estratificação econômica em classes não é suficiente para tratar e definir comportamentos. Essa diversidade afeta a operação de empresas distribuidoras de energia, as quais enfrentam a questão de inclusão de clientes, até então informais, e questões de altas perdas não técnicas provenientes, por um lado, de uma grande parcela de clientes informais e, de outro, de uma cultura de não pagamento, o que eleva essas perdas a patamares superiores a 50%. E, novamente, tais perdas são distribuídas de forma desigual no país, ou seja, empresas concessionárias têm que lidar com clientes de diferentes perfis e comportamentos além de operar em cidades com diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. A contribuição deste estudo é mostrar a possibilidade de usar projetos de inclusão digital para melhorar os resultados de eficiência energética ao criar ações focadas no empoderamento de clientes através de educação e de geração de renda. Os testes experimentais revelaram que existe um grande potencial para integrar ações sociais a atividades técnicas desses programas. Tal potencial deve ser exercido na nova classe social em ascensão, que necessita de empoderamento e de integração social para quebrar definitivamente a cultura de não pagamento e culturas não integradas aos conceitos de uma sociedade democrática baseada em conceitos de direitos e deveres. A inclusão de clientes informais é fundamental para diminuir a parcela de perdas não técnicas, e o desafio é duplo, pois não basta incluí-los; deve-se mantê-los como clientes adimplentes e com relações comerciais regulares. Este trabalho apresenta a experiência do CDI, o Comitê para Democratização da Informática, no Projeto de Eficiência Energética da Light na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / The Brazilian society has a development process unleashed by democratization in the 90\'s This process has social inclusion as factor that led to the birth of a medium class that is eager to purchase products and services, which include access to electric energy with quality and availability. However, the society is not homogeneous and economic stratification into classes is not enough to address and define behaviors. This diversity affects the electricity distribution operations by companies, which are facing issues related to the inclusion of new clients, who, until then, are informal, and issues concerning high non-technical losses, firstly, because of a large number of informal clients and, secondly, because of a non-payment culture that elevates these losses at levels higher than 50%. These losses are distributed unevenly in the country, that is, the utilities have to deal with customers of different profiles and different behaviors as well as to operate in cities with different stages of development. The contribution of this study is to show the use projects of digital inclusion to increase the results of the energy efficiency programs to create actions focused on empowering customers integrating education and income generation. Experimental tests have shown that there is a great potential to integrate social actions with technical activities of these programs, and this potential should be exercised in the new class, rising to empowerment and social integration to break definitively cultures of non-payment and culture that is not integrated with the concepts of a democratic society based on concepts of rights and duties. The inclusion of informal clients is fundamental to reduce part of non-technical losses, and the challenge is twofold, once it is not only necessary to include them; they should be kept as customers in non-default situation and regular commercial relations. This paper presents the experience of the CDI Change trough Digital Inclusion in the Project of Energy Efficiency of Light Energy Company in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

This article reports a research on depression and self-concept in Peruvian children exposed ro negarive socioafective situations. Ir emphasizes the importance and specific characteristics of depression both from a psychological and clinical point of view. The sample consisred ofboys between 8 and 14 years old, 35 institutionalized, 30 from a marginal district of Lima and 20 with a depression diagnosis. The objective of the study was ro analyse the correlation between both variables, compare rhe scores in the three groups, and the adaptation of the CDI (Children Depressive Inventory, Kovacs, 1983}. Results show a signifcative negative correlation between depression and self-concept. Ir is found that institutionalization and low SES influence the degree of depression, however, ir has less importance in self-concept. The instruments are valid and reliable. / El estudio investiga la depresión y el autoconcepto en grupos de niños Peruanos expuestos a situaciones socioafectivas negativas, destacando la importancia y características especificas de este desorden en el campo psicológico y clínico. Fueron seleccionados 35 niños institucionalizados, 30 niños de una zona marginal de Lima y 20 niños con diagnóstico de depresión; todos varones entre 8 y 14 años. Se estudió la correlación entre ambas variables, se comparó los puntajes a nivel intergrupal y se adaptó el CDI (Children Depressive Inventory, Kovacs, 1983). Se obtuvo una correlación negativa y significativa entre las variables de depresión y autoconcepto. Asimismo, se encuentra que la institucionalización y el bajo nivel socioeconómico tienen influencia en el grado de depresión hallado en los niños examinados, en cambio tienen poca trascendencia en el nivel de autoconcepto. La evaluación de la validez y confiabillidad de los instrumentos utilizados brinda resultados óptimos, presentándose datos adicionales importantes.

Under de senaste trettio åren, har antalet flerspråkiga individer ökat i Sverige betydligt. Antalet flerspråkiga barn i behov av en noggrann språklig undersökning är därmed stort. Det råder dessutom en generell brist på språkliga bedömningsmaterial för flerspråkiga barn i Sverige. Somalier utgör en stor del av den flerspråkiga gruppen i Sverige, vilket motiverar behovet av ett språkligt instrument för denna population. En översättning till somaliska av föräldraskattningsformuläret The Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (SCDI-III) har därför skapats. SCDI-III är en anpassning av MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MB-CDI) och är utformat för att via föräldraskattning undersöka tal- och språkförmågan hos barn mellan 2;6–4;0 år. Ett antal språkspecifika korrigeringar har gjorts från svenska SCDI-III till den somaliska versionen för en bättre anpassning till det somaliska språket. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att pröva den somaliska översatta versionen av SCDI-III. Totalt tio somalisktalande vårdnadshavare inkluderades i studien. Deltagarna rekryterades via barnavårdscentraler, förskolor samt genom privata kontakter. Resultatet i föreliggande studie visar att deltagarnas inlämnade frågeformulär var ofullständigt ifyllda. Ingen samstämmighet avseende vilka sektioner av instrumentet som inte besvarades kunde iakttas. Dessutom noterades inga korrelationer mellan bakgrundsvariablerna och hur vårdnadshavarna svarade. På grund av det låga deltagarantalet, i kombination med ovan nämnda faktorer, kan inga slutsatser om huruvida instrumentet är användbart för gruppen somaliska vårdnadshavare i Sverige dras. Sannolikt behöver instrumentet revideras och prövas igen, innan det kan användas kliniskt. / Over the last thirty years the number of multilingual individuals has significantly increased in Sweden. Consequently, there are several multilingual children in need of a detailed language assessment. At the same time, there is a general lack of tools for assessing speech and language in multilingual children in Sweden. People from Somalia are a substantial part of the multilingual community in Sweden, which motivates a need for a language assessment tool for this population. A translation of the parent-report instrument The Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (SCDI-III) to Somali has been made. The SCDI-III is an adapted version from the MacArthurBates Communicative Development Inventory (MB-CDI). The instrument is designed to investigate the speech and language ability of children between 2;6–4;0 years via parental reports. In order to develop a better adaption to the Somali language, a number of language-specific revisions have been made from the Swedish SCDI-III to the Somali version. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the Somali translated version of SCDIIII. A total of ten Somali-speaking caretakers were included in the study. The participants were recruited through child-care centers, preschools and private contacts. The results of the present study show that the participants' submitted questionnaires were incomplete. No common patterns as to which sections that were incomplete could be identified, nor could any correlations between any of the background information items and incomplete sections be found. Due to the low number of participants, in combination with the above-mentioned factors, no conclusions can be drawn as to whether the instrument is applicable for the group of Somali caretakers in Sweden or not. The instrument is likely in need of a revision, and a thorough pre-test before it can be implemented clinically.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process by which fecal suspension from a healthy individual is transferred into the gastrointestinal tract of another individual in an attempt to cure certain diseases. This transplantation process has been accredited as being a potential remedy for a growing number of diseases that have been associated with gut microbial imbalances. Interest in FMT has largely been driven by the science community’s increasing interest in the gut microbiome and its role in potentially regulating a multitude of different functions and processes within the human body. One disease that has been found to respond exceptionally well to FMT treatments is Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, while FMT has demonstrated high cure rates for CDI, this transplantation process is no panacea. In fact, the results from FMT treatments on other diseases, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), have not been as impressive as CDI’s. This review will examine the existing literature surrounding FMT usage on IBD and will propose a series of experiments and studies needed to truly test the safety and efficacy of FMT for IBD patients. This review will also reference current literature documenting FMT treatments for CDI as a comparative tool for investigating if this form of bacteriotherapy is indeed a viable therapeutic option for treating IBD.

Introduction: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common hospital-acquired infection and a financial burden on the healthcare system. There is a need to reduce its impact on patients and the entire health system. More accurate estimates of the financial impact of CDI will assist hospitals in creating better CDI reduction strategies with limited resources. Previous research has not sufficiently accounted for the skewed nature of hospital cost data, baseline patient mortality risk, and the time-varying nature of CDI. Objective: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate the cost impact of hospital-acquired CDI from the hospital perspective, using a number of analytical approaches. Method: We used clinical and administrative data for inpatients treated at The Ottawa Hospital to construct an analytical data set. Our primary outcome was direct costs and our primary exposure was hospital-acquired CDI. We performed the following analyses: Ordinary least square regression and generalized linear regression as time-fixed methods, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression models as time-varying methods. Results: A total of 49,888 admissions were included in this study (mean (SD) age of 64.6 ± 17.8 years, median (IQR) baseline mortality risk of 0.04 (0.01-0.14)). 360 (0.73%) patients developed CDI. Estimates of incremental cost due to CDI were substantially higher when using time-fixed methods than time-varying methods. Using methods that appropriately account for the time-varying nature of the exposure, the estimated incremental cost due to CDI was $8,997 per patient. In contrast, estimates from time-fixed methods ranged from $49,150 to $55,962: about a six fold difference. Conclusion: Estimates of hospital costs are strongly influenced by the time-varying nature of CDI as well as baseline mortality risk. If studies do not account for these factors, it is likely that the impact of hospital-acquired CDI will be overestimated.