Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids contributes to different aspects of the inflammatory response due to the variety of products generated. Specifically, the oxidation of DHA produces the end-product, carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), which forms a covalent adduct with proteins via an ϵ-amino group of lysines. Previously, we found that CEP formation is dramatically increased in inflamed tissue and CEP-modified albumin and fibrinogen became ligands for αDß2 (CD11d/CD18) and αMß2 (CD11b/CD18) integrins. In this study, we evaluated the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) modification with CEP on the adhesive properties of M1-polarized macrophages, particularly during chronic inflammation. Using digested atherosclerotic lesions and in vitro oxidation assays, we demonstrated the ability of ECM proteins to form adducts with CEP, particularly, DHA oxidation leads to the formation of CEP adducts with collagen IV and laminin, but not with collagen I. Using integrin αDß2-transfected HEK293 cells, WT, and αD-/- mouse M1- polarized macrophages, we revealed that CEP-modified proteins support stronger cell adhesion and spreading when compared with natural ECM ligands such as collagen IV, laminin, and fibrinogen. Integrin αDß2 is critical for M1 macrophage adhesion to CEP. Based on biolayer interferometry results, the isolated αD I-domain demonstrates markedly higher binding affinity to CEP compared to the “natural” αDß2 ligand fibrinogen. Finally, the presence of CEP-modified proteins in a 3D fibrin matrix significantly increased M1 macrophage retention. Therefore, CEP modification converts ECM proteins to αDß2- recognition ligands by changing a positively charged lysine to negatively charged CEP, which increases M1 macrophage adhesion to ECM and promotes macrophage retention during detrimental inflammation, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation.

Les services Web ont émergé comme un support de développement et d’intégration d’applications ou de systèmes d’information. Dans ce cadre, les interactions entre deux applications consommateur et fournisseur, encapsulées par des services Web se font par échanges de messages. Ces échanges s’appuient sur la notion d’interfaces, qui décrivent les interactions dans lesquelles un service peut s’engager et les dépendances entre ces interactions. Dans le Web actuel, il arrive très fréquemment que de nombreux services répondent à un même ensemble de besoins fonctionnels. Ces services sont souvent offerts par le biais d’interfaces différentes. Des nombreuses raisons, telles que la panne du service fournisseur, peuvent amener un consommateur à substituer son fournisseur habituel par un autre fournisseur qui offre la même fonctionnalité. Cette substitution provoque des incompatibilités entre l’interface du service consommateur et celle du service fournisseur substitut. Cela est dû au fait que le service consommateur n’a pas été fait en fonction de ce nouveau service fournisseur. Les recherches que nous menons dans cette thèse visent à résoudre le problème des incompatibilités dans des interactions entre deux services consommateur et fournisseur substitut. En particulier, notre contribution s’étend, tant sur le plan théorique que sur le plan pratique. Il s’agit d’une part d’un canevas pour la génération automatique des adaptateurs des interactions entre deux services. D’autre part, nous proposons une architecture logicielle multicouche fournissant un cadre permettant une substitution transparente et flexible d’un service fournisseur par un autre service vis-à-vis du consommateur du premier. Dans notre canevas pour la génération automatique des adaptateurs, une modélisation des interfaces de services en des automates a été adoptée. Puis, une étape de détection des incompatibilités entre ceux-ci est réalisée. Ensuite, un adaptateur des interactions entre les deux services est généré automatiquement sur la base d’incompatibilités détectées. La génération de l’adaptateur est guidée par le modèle d’automates. Cela permet de modéliser l’adaptateur indépendamment de son implémentation cible, permettant ainsi une bonne réutilisation des modèles. Une fois généré, l’automate de l’adaptateur suffisamment détaillé est projeté sur la technologie CEP (Complexe Event Processing). Cette projection est réalisée à l’aide des composants cartouches (en anglais : Templates) que nous avons mis en oeuvre. Chaque cartouche étant conçue pour générer du code exécutable (en termes de requêtes continues) pour la technologie CEP / Web services have emerged as a support for development and integration of applications and information systems. In this context, the interactions between two consumer and supplier applications, encapsulated by Web services are done by exchanging messages. These exchanges are based on the concept of interfaces, which describe the interactions in which a service can handle and dependencies between these interactions. In the current Web, it is very often that many services meet the same set of functional requirements. These services are often delivered through different interfaces. For many reasons, such as failure of the service provider, the consumer has to replace his usual supplier with another supplier that offers the same functionality. This substitution leads to incompatibilities between the interfaces of the service consumer and new service provider. This is because the customer service was not been developed according to the new service provider. The research we conduct in this thesis aims to solve the problem of incompatibility in the interaction between two services; consumer and new provider. In particular, our contribution extends both in theory and in practice. It is a part of a framework for the automatic generation of adapters for interactions between two services. On the other hand, we propose a multi-layer software architecture providing a framework for transparent and flexible substitution of a service provider by another with respect to an existed consumer. In our framework for automatic generation of adapters, services interfaces modeling using automata has been adopted. Then, a step of detecting incompatibilities between them is achieved. After that, an adapter of the interactions between the two services is generated automatically based on the detected incompatibilities. The generation of the adapter is based on the automata model. The generated adapter automaton contains a sufficient detail for the projected technology CEP (Complex Event Processing). This projection is performed using components templates that are implemented by us. Each template is designed to generate executable code (in terms of continuous requests) for the CEP technology

Syfte: Företagens miljömässiga ansvar har blivit en allt mer central fråga för företagets intressenter. Tidigare studier som har behandlat relationen mellan Corporate Environmental Performance CEP och Financial Performance FP har resulterat i varierande utfall. Två faktorer som anses påverka denna relation är olikheter mellan branscher och brister i det interna organisationsarbetet. För att få en tydligare bild av relationen mellan CEP och FP behöver forskningen utvecklas för företag som agerar i en ur miljösynpunkt tung bransch. Syftet med studien är att förklara om det finns ett samband mellan CEP och FP i fossila bränsleintensiva företag och se om sambandet är starkare eller svagare om företaget använder en CSR-kommitté. Metod: Studien utgår från en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi med en deduktiv ansats. Studien har en kvantitativ strategi och har formats av en longitudinell design, där sekundärdata har inhämtats för åren 2014-2017 från databasen Thomson Reuters Datastream. Detta har genererat ett urval bestående av 827 publika bolag från hela världen vars data har analyserats i statistikprogrammet SPSS och presenteras i tabeller. Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det finns ett positivt samband mellan miljödimensionen CEP och den finansiella prestationen mätt utifrån både redovisningsmåttet ROE och marknadsmåttet Tobins Q för fossila bränsleintensiva företag. För de fossila bränsleintensiva företagen med en CSR-kommitté visade även resultatet ett starkare samband mellan CEP och FP än för företag utan CSR-kommitté. En jämförelse mellan olika sektorer visade en tydlig variation mellan resultaten, där vissa sektorer hade ett negativt samband mellan CEP och FP. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till den empiriska forskningen och utökar förståelsen för relationen mellan CEP och FP genom att studera fossila bränsleintensiva företag, som är en miljömässigt tung bransch. Studien bidrar även med teoretisk information om huruvida kontinuerligt arbete via CSR-kommittéer påverkar denna relation. Vidare ger studien ett praktiskt bidrag genom att uppmuntra företag att engagera sig i CEP-aktiviteter, istället för uppkomsten av tvingande miljöregleringar, för att nå lönsamhet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett förslag till fortsatt forskning är att gå djupare ner bland fler sektorer för att kunna se skillnader mellan branscher och göra djupare analyser mellan dessa för att få en större förståelse om relationen mellan CEP och FP. Det kan också finnas skillnader mellan företag av olika storlek, därför är ett andra förslag att dela upp och jämföra resultaten mellan stora och små företag. / Aim: The company's environmental responsibility has become an increasingly central issue for the company's stakeholders. Earlier studies that have addressed the relationship between Corporate Environmental Performance CEP and Financial Performance FP have resulted in varying outcomes. Two factors that are considered to affect this relationship are differences between industries and shortcomings in internal organization work. In order to get a clearer picture of the relationship between CEP and FP, research needs to be developed for companies acting in an environmentally heavy industry. The purpose of the study is to explain if there is a connection between CEP and FP in fossil fuel firms and see if the association is stronger or weaker if the company uses a CSR committée. Method: This study is based on a positivistic research philosophy with a deductive approach. The study has a quantitative strategy and has been formed of a longitudinal design, where secondary data has been collected for the years 2014-2017 from the Thomson Reuters Datastream database. This has generated a sample of 827 public companies worldwide whose data has been analyzed in the SPSS statistics program and presented in tables. Result & Conclusions: The result of the study shows that there is a positive correlation between the environmental dimension CEP and the financial performance, measured based on both the accounting measure ROE and the market measure Tobins Q for fossil fuel firms. For the fossil fuel firms with a CSR committée, the result also showed a stronger relationship between CEP and FP than for companies without a CSR committée. A comparison between sectors showed a clear variation between the results, where some sectors had a negative link between CEP and FP. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to empirical research and understanding of the relationship between CEP and FP by studying fossil fuel firms, which is an environmentally heavy industry. The study also contributes with theoretical information about whether continuous work through CSR committees affects this relationship. The study also provides a practical contribution by encouraging companies to engage in CEP activities, instead of the emergence of compelling environmental regulations, to achieve profitability. Suggestions for future research: A proposal for further research is to go deeper into more sectors to see differences between industries and to make deeper analyzes between them to gain a better understanding of the relationship between CEP and FP. There may also be differences between companies of different sizes, so a second proposal is to divide and compare the results between large and small companies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:06:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4182.pdf: 2255930 bytes, checksum: 7da65af2bc4550af129f4ceaea0a8eb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-07 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Neste trabalho são apresentadas algumas ferramentas do Controle Estatístico de Processos (CEP), que podem ser usadas no monitoramento de sistemas produtivos ao longo do tempo, bem como a sua aplicação em conjuntos de dados artificiais, que fazem parte de contextos reais. O estudo sobre essas ferramentas estatísticas está distribuído de tal maneira que são abordados durante o trabalho: a teoria das ferramentas estudadas, os diferentes contextos em que podem ser aplicadas e a sua implementação on-line, utilizando recursos computacionais de softwares livres. A aplicação no sistema on-line é realizada de tal modo que viabiliza a praticidade e eficácia na geração de gráficos para o CEP e de índices que refletem a capacidade do processo. É apresentada também uma sequência de passos para o uso do sistema de CEP on-line aqui proposto, tanto para situações em que se observa apenas uma medida da qualidade do processo (caso univariado), quanto para situações em que são observadas várias medidas (caso multivariado).

Event Stream Processing (ESP) is a well-established approach for low-latency data processing enabling users to quickly react to relevant situations in soft real-time. In order to cope with the sheer amount of data being generated each day and to cope with fluctuating workloads originating from data sources such as Twitter and Facebook, such systems must be highly scalable and elastic. Hence, ESP systems are typically long running applications deployed on several hundreds of nodes in either dedicated data-centers or cloud environments such as Amazon EC2. In such environments, nodes are likely to fail due to software aging, process or hardware errors whereas the unbounded stream of data asks for continuous processing. In order to cope with node failures, several fault tolerance approaches have been proposed in literature. Active replication and rollback recovery-based on checkpointing and in-memory logging (upstream backup) are two commonly used approaches in order to cope with such failures in the context of ESP systems. However, these approaches suffer either from a high resource footprint, low throughput or unresponsiveness due to long recovery times. Moreover, in order to recover applications in a precise manner using exactly once semantics, the use of deterministic execution is required which adds another layer of complexity and overhead. The goal of this thesis is to lower the overhead for fault tolerance in ESP systems. We first present StreamMine3G, our ESP system we built entirely from scratch in order to study and evaluate novel approaches for fault tolerance and elasticity. We then present an approach to reduce the overhead of deterministic execution by using a weak, epoch-based rather than strict ordering scheme for commutative and tumbling windowed operators that allows applications to recover precisely using active or passive replication. Since most applications are running in cloud environments nowadays, we furthermore propose an approach to increase the system availability by efficiently utilizing spare but paid resources for fault tolerance. Finally, in order to free users from the burden of choosing the correct fault tolerance scheme for their applications that guarantees the desired recovery time while still saving resources, we present a controller-based approach that adapts fault tolerance at runtime. We furthermore showcase the applicability of our StreamMine3G approach using real world applications and examples.

Event Stream Processing (ESP) is a well-established approach for low-latency data processing enabling users to quickly react to relevant situations in soft real-time. In order to cope with the sheer amount of data being generated each day and to cope with fluctuating workloads originating from data sources such as Twitter and Facebook, such systems must be highly scalable and elastic. Hence, ESP systems are typically long running applications deployed on several hundreds of nodes in either dedicated data-centers or cloud environments such as Amazon EC2. In such environments, nodes are likely to fail due to software aging, process or hardware errors whereas the unbounded stream of data asks for continuous processing. In order to cope with node failures, several fault tolerance approaches have been proposed in literature. Active replication and rollback recovery-based on checkpointing and in-memory logging (upstream backup) are two commonly used approaches in order to cope with such failures in the context of ESP systems. However, these approaches suffer either from a high resource footprint, low throughput or unresponsiveness due to long recovery times. Moreover, in order to recover applications in a precise manner using exactly once semantics, the use of deterministic execution is required which adds another layer of complexity and overhead. The goal of this thesis is to lower the overhead for fault tolerance in ESP systems. We first present StreamMine3G, our ESP system we built entirely from scratch in order to study and evaluate novel approaches for fault tolerance and elasticity. We then present an approach to reduce the overhead of deterministic execution by using a weak, epoch-based rather than strict ordering scheme for commutative and tumbling windowed operators that allows applications to recover precisely using active or passive replication. Since most applications are running in cloud environments nowadays, we furthermore propose an approach to increase the system availability by efficiently utilizing spare but paid resources for fault tolerance. Finally, in order to free users from the burden of choosing the correct fault tolerance scheme for their applications that guarantees the desired recovery time while still saving resources, we present a controller-based approach that adapts fault tolerance at runtime. We furthermore showcase the applicability of our StreamMine3G approach using real world applications and examples.

<p>Ako je&nbsp; Lalgebarska mreža i&nbsp; a kodistributivan elemenat u L, onda sve klase kongruencije&nbsp; (pa indukovane homomorfizmom&nbsp; ma : xi&mdash; &gt;&nbsp; a&nbsp;&nbsp; A x imaju najveće elemente. Najveći elemenat klase kojoj&nbsp; x E Lpripada je označen sa&nbsp; x.Ako je&nbsp; *a binarna op&shy;eracija definisana sa x *ay = (x A y)&nbsp; V&nbsp; (x A y),onda je istraživana struktura&nbsp; (L, *a), i odgovarajući poset ( L, &lt;&raquo;). Kao primer takve strukture posmatrana je algebra slabih kongruencija&nbsp; (CwA, *a), gde je *a specijalna grafička kompozicija. Dobijeni rezultati daju prirodne posledice u strukturi slabih kongruencija. Data je primena ovih rezultata u univerzalnoj algebri. Njihovom primenom karakterizuje se CEP i Hamiltonovo svojstvo. Dat je potreban i dovoljan uslov da poset (L, &lt; -) bude mreža i ovi rezultati su primenjeni na mrežu slabih kongruencija.</p> / <p>If&nbsp; Lis an algebraic lattice and&nbsp; a codistributive element in&nbsp; L,then all the classes of the congruences&nbsp; 4&gt;a determined by the homomorphism&nbsp; ma :&nbsp; x&nbsp; \&mdash; &gt;&nbsp; a Ax&nbsp;&nbsp; have top elements. The top element of the class which to belongs an&nbsp; x&nbsp;&nbsp; &euro;&nbsp; Lis denoted by&nbsp; x.&nbsp;&nbsp; If *a is a binary operation defined by&nbsp; x&nbsp; *ay=&nbsp; (xA y)&nbsp; V&nbsp; (xA y),then we investigate the<br />structure&nbsp; (L,*a), and the corresponding poset&nbsp; (L, &lt; t ). Asan example of such a structure we observe an algebra of weak congruences ( C w A , * a),where *a is a special graphical composition. We obtain natural conse&shy; quences of the mentioned results to the structure weak congruences. An application in universal algebra is presented, for example, we characterized CEP and Hamiltonian property. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a poset&nbsp; (L,&lt;*) to be a lattice are given, and the results are applied in the case of weak congruence lattices.</p>

No description available.

[pt] Muitas aplicações necessitam do processamento de eventos de streeams de fontes diferentes em combinação com grandes quantidades de dados de bases de conhecimento. CEP Semântico é um paradigma especificamente designado para isso, ele extende o processamento complexo de eventos (CEP) para adicionar o suporte para a linguagem RDF e utiliza uma rede de operadores para processar streams RDF em combinação com bases de conhecimento em RDF. Outra classe popular de sistemas projetados para um proposito similar são os processadores de stream RDF (RSPs). Estes são sistemas que extendem a linguagem SPARQL (a linguaguem de query padrão para RDF) para adicionar a capacidade de fazer queries em stream. CEP Semântico e RSPs possuem propositos similares porém focam em objetivos diferentes. O CEP Semântico, foca na scalabilidade e processamento distribuido enquanto os RSPs focam nos desafios do processamento de streams RDF. Nesta tese, propomos o uso de RSPs como unidades para processamento de streams RDF dentro do contexto de CEP Semântico. Apresentamos uma infraestrutura, chamada DSCEP, que permite o encapsulamento de RSPs existentes em operadores do estilo CEP, de maneira que estes RSPs possam ser interconectados formando uma rede de operadores distribuída e descentralizada. DSCEP lida com os desafios e obstáculos desta interconexão, como comunicação confiável, divisão e agregação de streams, identificação de eventos e time-stamping, etc., permitindo que os usuários se concentrem nas consultas. Também discutimos nesta tese como o DSCEP pode ser usado para diminuir o tempo de processamento de consultas SPARQL monolíticas, seja dividindo-as em subconsultas e operando-as em paralelo através do uso de operadores ou seja dividingo a stream de entrada em multiplos operadores que possuem a mesma query e são executados em paralelo. Além disso também é avaliado o impacto que a base de conhecimento possui no tempo de processamento de queires contínuas. / [en] Many applications require the processing of event streams from different sources in combination with large amounts of background knowledge. Semantic CEP is a paradigm explicitly designed for that. It extends complex event processing (CEP) with RDF support and uses a network of operators to process RDF streams combined with RDF knowledge bases. Another popular class of systems designed for a similar purpose is the RDF stream processors (RSPs). These are systems that extend SPARQL (the RDF query language) with stream processing capabilities. Semantic CEP and RSPs have similar purposes but focus on different things. The former focuses on scalability and distributed processing, while the latter tends to focus on the intricacies of RDF stream processing per se. In this thesis, we propose the use of RSP engines as building blocks for Semantic CEP. We present an infrastructure, called DSCEP, that allows the encapsulation of existing RSP engines into CEP-like operators so that these can be seamlessly interconnected in a distributed, decentralized operator network. DSCEP handles the hurdles of such interconnection, such as reliable communication, stream aggregation and slicing, event identification and time-stamping, etc., allowing users to concentrate on the queries. We also discuss how DSCEP can be used to speed up monolithic SPARQL queries; by splitting them into parallel subqueries that can be executed by the operator network or even by splitting the input stream into multiple operators with the same query running in parallel. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of the knowledge base on the processing time of SPARQL continuous queries.

L'écrivain tchèque Jan Cep (1902-1974), qui compta au nombre des médiateurs importants des rapports culturels franco-tchèques dans l'entre-deux-guerres, fut, à la suite du Coup de Prague en 1948, contraint à quitter son pays. Ami et traducteur de Pourrat et de Bernanos, il choisit naturellement la France comme patrie d'adoption. L'exil parisien s'avère pour Cep une rude épreuve existentielle. Conditions matérielles dures, déracinement linguistique, manque d'écho favorable pour son oeuvre, tout cela fait que Cep vit en marge de la vie littéraire française. Il s'engage d'autant plus dans diverses structures de l'émigration tchèque, notamment dans la rédaction tchécoslovaque de Radio Free Europe où il déploie son art de l'essai dans des méditations imprégnées d'humanisme chrétien. L'essai autobiographique Ma soeur l'angoisse que Cep écrivit directement en français dans les années 1960, représente la somme de sa vie et de sa pensée