Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:50:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LILIANE_CRISTINA_ONOFRE_CASAGRANDE_PARCIAL.pdf: 257565 bytes, checksum: 481e5a6f005ffe72a8e2e515f49057ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:50:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LILIANE_CRISTINA_ONOFRE_CASAGRANDE_PARCIAL.pdf: 257565 bytes, checksum: 481e5a6f005ffe72a8e2e515f49057ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:50:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LILIANE_CRISTINA_ONOFRE_CASAGRANDE_PARCIAL.pdf: 257565 bytes, checksum: 481e5a6f005ffe72a8e2e515f49057ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The sagittal split ramus osteotomy is widely used for the surgical correction of den-tofacial deformities. The techniques historical development began with Hugo Obwer-geser in 1957. The relentless proposals for alterations of the sagittal split ramus oste-otomy technique originated with the intention of administering and minimizing the var-ious trans and pos-operative complications that happened during the performance of this procedure. As this is a technique usually employed with young healthy patients, the rates of complications must be controlled and the possible factors of confusion must be detected and corrected. The present study had the purpose of identifying mandibular anatomical points, using cone beam computed tomography, and ana-lise their relation with areas and structures that are important for surgical planing, in the exams of patients with retrognathism, prognathism and with a balanced maxillo-mandibular pattern using Dolphin? software. 27 tomographic patient images were dis-tributed into the three groups and were evaluated. Significant statisti-cal diferences were found between the three evaluated deformities and between men and women. However, the mandibular canal had a greater distance to the vestibular cortical plate in the points between the distal root of the first molar and de distal root of the second molar, and was closer to the lingual plate in the region between 1M and 2M, in all three classes. / A osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular ? amplamente utilizada para a corre??o cir?rgica das deformidades dentais e esquel?ticas. O desenvolvimento hist?rico da t?cnica iniciou com Hugo Obwegeser, em 1957. As incans?veis propostas de altera??o da t?cnica de osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular se originaram com a inten??o de administrar e minimizar as v?rias complica??es trans e p?s-cir?rgicas encontradas durante a realiza??o desse procedimento. Por se tratar de uma t?cnica usualmente utilizada em pacientes jovens e saud?veis, as taxas de complica??es devem ser controladas e os poss?veis fatores de confus?o devem ser detectados e corrigidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar pontos anat?micos mandibulares, utilizando tomografias computadorizadas de feixe c?nico (TCFC), e analisar sua rela??o com ?reas e estruturas importantes para o planejamento cir?rgico, em exames de pacientes portadores de oclus?o dent?ria classe I, II ou III utilizando o software Dolphin?. Foram avaliadas as imagens tomogr?ficas de 27 pacientes distribu?dos entre os tr?s grupos. Foram encontradas diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre as tr?s deformidades avaliadas entre os sexo feminino e masculino. Entretanto, o canal mandibular esteve mais afastado da placa cortical vestibular nos pontos entre a raiz distal do primeiro molar e a raiz distal do segundo molar, e mais pr?ximo da placa lingual na regi?o entre 1M e 2M, nas tr?s classes.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-07-21T12:36:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BERNARDO_ALIEVI_CAMARGO_TES.pdf: 559988 bytes, checksum: 40cdf084884d3c3ac79d29f4a2c50aa7 (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido a diferen?a de entre o t?tulo da capa/folha de rosto, e o t?tulo da ficha catalogr?fica. on 2017-07-28T20:26:46Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-10T16:44:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BERNARDO_ALIEVI_CAMARGO_TES.pdf: 1292617 bytes, checksum: 385bbcc10f09c8db9f890c3f549d927e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-11T21:10:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BERNARDO_ALIEVI_CAMARGO_TES.pdf: 1292617 bytes, checksum: 385bbcc10f09c8db9f890c3f549d927e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T21:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BERNARDO_ALIEVI_CAMARGO_TES.pdf: 1292617 bytes, checksum: 385bbcc10f09c8db9f890c3f549d927e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objectives of this study was to evaluate the marginal bone loss in distal implants adjacent to the prosthetic cantilever in complete fixed complete dentures implantossuported (FCDIs) and the possible correlation of bone loss with prosthetic cantilever extension and mesio-distal inclination of the distal implant. Thirty patients (9 men; 21 women) (N=62 distal implants) were followed, with 25 in maxilla and 37 in the mand?ble, at the PUCRS college of dentistry, after 1 and 3 years of prosthesis installation. The prosthetic cantilever measurement was performed during the treatment rehabilitation and the mesio-distal inclination of the most distal implants was obtained with computed tomography (CBCT), intraoral digital radiographs of the distal implants were obtained with customized devices at baseline, 1 and 3 years after prostheses installation. The mean bone loss after 1 year was 0,23?0,36mm after 1 and 3 years was 0,28?0,41mm and after 3 years was 0,35?0,49mm, the mean cantilever extension was 9.91?5.98 and the mean inclination of the implants was 8.68?5.97 in the mesial and 6.46?5.58 in the distal side. There was no statistical correlation between marginal bone loss, cantilever extension and mesiodistal inclination of the most distal implant, after one year of follow-up, where the data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient (?=5%). It can be concluded that the extension of the distal cantilever and the mesio-distal inclination of the implant in FCDIs not showed relation with marginal bone loss in the most distal implant adjacent to the cantilever. / Este estudo tem como objetivos avaliar a perda ?ssea marginal em implantes distais adjacentes ao cantilever prot?tico em pr?teses totais fixas implantossuportadas (PTFIs) e a poss?vel correla??o da perda ?ssea com extens?o de cantilever prot?tico e inclina??o m?sio-distal do implante distal. Foram acompanhados 30 pacientes (9 homens; 21 mulheres) com 62 implantes distais, sendo 25 na maxila e 37 na mand?bula, colocados na Faculdade de Odontologia da PUCRS, ap?s 1 e 3 anos da sua instala??o da pr?tese. A medi??o do cantilever prot?tico foi realizada durante o tratamento reabilitador e a inclina??o m?sio-distal dos implantes foi obtida com tomografias computadorizadas (CBCT). Radiografias intrabucais digitais dos implantes mais distais foram obtidas com posicionadores customizados ap?s a instala??o das pr?teses (baseline), 1 e 3 anos ap?s o t?rmino do tratamento. A perda ?ssea m?dia ap?s 1 ano foi de 0,23?0,36mm, entre o primeiro e terceiro ano foi 0,28?0,41mm e acumulada durante 3 anos foi 0,35?0,49mm, a extens?o de cantilever m?dia foi 9,91?5,98mm e a inclina??o m?dia dos implantes foi 8,68?5,97 na mesial e 6,46?5,58 na distal. N?o houve correla??o estat?stica entre perda ?ssea marginal, extens?o de cantilever prot?tico e inclina??o m?sio-distal do implante mais distal, durante o per?odo de acompanhamento, onde os dados foram analisados com coeficiente de correla??o de Spearman (? = 5%). Pode-se concluir que a extens?o do cantilever para distal e a inclina??o m?sio-distal dos implantes distais em PTFIs n?o apresentaram rela??o com a perda ?ssea marginal do implante mais distal, adjacente ao cantilever prot?tico.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-29T19:45:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE_AZEREDO_TES.pdf: 3598342 bytes, checksum: 84ac81263b072eecf7c0a9a8c7903bb2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-09-11T14:29:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE_AZEREDO_TES.pdf: 3598342 bytes, checksum: 84ac81263b072eecf7c0a9a8c7903bb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T14:31:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE_AZEREDO_TES.pdf: 3598342 bytes, checksum: 84ac81263b072eecf7c0a9a8c7903bb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objectives of this study were to evaluate two types of rare craniofacial and dento-skeletal anomalies: hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and primary of failure eruption (PFE) of the permanent teeth. A literature review addressed to the three-dimensional evaluation methods of mandibular asymmetries in subjects with HFM, using conventional computed tomography (CT) and cone beam (CBCT) was conducted (Paper 1). CBCT data of 14 individuals with HFM and 35 subjects without HFM were selected and mandibular dimensions were evaluated and compared. Cephalometric landmarks were identified in the multiplanar images and panoramic reconstructions, and linear and angular measurements were performed for comparison between the right and left sides or affected and nonaffected sides of the mandible. InVivo Dental Software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA) was used in this evaluation. All variables showed a significant difference between the affected and non-affected side of the mandible in the HFM group, except the mandibular length, that presented similar dimensions on both sides. In the comparison between HFM and control groups, the angular measurements were significantly higher on the affected side and the mandibular ramus length on the non-affected side of HFM individuals was higher than in the control group. This type of growth pattern may be associated with bone compensations in the mandible of HFM individuals (Paper 2). In the study about rare dento-skeletal malformations, different approaches for the orthodontic treatment in adults and children with PFE were presented (Paper 3). Depending on the condition severity, the impact on the functional and aesthetic aspects in affected individuals can be significant and difficult to treat. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar dois tipos de anomalias craniofacias e altera??es dento-esqueletais raras: microssomia hemifacial (MHF) e falhas de erup??o prim?ria (FEP) dos dentes permanentes. Foi realizada uma revis?o de literatura, que abordou os m?todos de avalia??o tridimensional de assimetrias mandibulares em indiv?duos com MHF, por meio de tomografia computadorizada convencional e cone beam (TCCB) (artigo 1). Exames de TCCB de 14 indiv?duos com MHF e de 35 sem MHF foram selecionadas e as dimens?es mandibulares foram avaliadas e comparadas. Pontos cefalom?tricos foram localizados nas imagens multiplanares e reconstru??es panor?micas, sobre as quais medidas lineares e angulares foram realizadas para compara??o entre os lados direito e esquerdo ou lados afetado ou n?o da mand?bula. O software InVivo Dental (Anatomage, San Jose, CA) foi utilizado para esta avalia??o. Todas as vari?ves apresentaram diferen?a significativa entre o lado afetado e n?o afetado da mand?bula no grupo MFH, exceto o comprimento mandibular, que apresentou dimens?es semelhantes em ambos os lados. Na compara??o entre os grupos MHF e controle, as medidas angulares foram significativamente maiores no lado afetado e o comprimento do ramo mandibular do lado n?o afetado pela MHF foi maior do que no grupo controle. Este tipo de padr?o de crescimento pode estar associado a compensa??es ?sseas na mand?bula de indiv?duos com MHF (artigo 2). No estudo que abordou altera??es dento-esqueletais raras, foram apresentadas diferentes abordagens para tratamento ortod?ntico das FEP em adultos e crian?as (artigo 3). Deformidades faciais e dento-esqueletais raras podem promover altera??es anat?micas complexas em diferentes estruturas craniofaciais. Dependendo da severidade da condi??o, o impacto nos aspectos funcionais e est?ticos dos indiv?duos acometidos pode ser significativo e de dif?cil tratamento.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-03T18:59:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOAO_LOPES_BONDAN_TES.pdf: 2172429 bytes, checksum: ffea0ba74b477c238faf42ea29d200db (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ? falta de capa institucional no arquivo PDF. on 2017-10-04T13:38:51Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-05T17:15:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOAO_LOPES_BONDAN_TES.pdf: 2360015 bytes, checksum: b0622efe2634c60233691e20bf7f7283 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-06T12:13:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JOAO_LOPES_BONDAN_TES.pdf: 2360015 bytes, checksum: b0622efe2634c60233691e20bf7f7283 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T12:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOAO_LOPES_BONDAN_TES.pdf: 2360015 bytes, checksum: b0622efe2634c60233691e20bf7f7283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study was to analyze both the adaptation conformity of switching platform prosthetic components and their behavior in fatigue mechanical tests. The subject was split into two manuscripts according to the scope of two specific journals in the area of oral rehabilitation. The manuscript 1 presents a literature review that enlightened concepts related to the usage of the switching platform and its biological benefits demonstrated in the literature. However, factors associated with the biomechanical stability provided by this new concept have shown to be a coarsely explored area by science. Thus, such factors need to be better understood and confirmed by studies evaluating biomechanical issues of this platform. After demonstrating this shortage in the literature review, a laboratory study started, aiming at responding questions linked to the long term prosthetic stability. The manuscript 2 assessed the adaptation conformity of switching components confronted to mechanical cycling tests. The methodology was based on 40 prosthetic components for unity rehabilitations on implants standard HE 4.1 RP, being divided in four groups: 10 components UCLA 4.1 mm (group UC 4.1), 10 components UCLA 3.6 mm (group UC 3.6) , 10 components type conic abutment 4.1 mm (group AC 4.1) and 10 conic abutment 3.6 mm (group AC 3.6) on the respective implant standard RP HE 4.1 mm. The groups have been evaluated by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) to confirm the manufacture standard of the samples. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the adaptation in the vertical (FV) and horizontal (DH) directions. For the statistical analysis of the FV data, Kruskal-wallis and Crosstabs were used. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey (5%) were used for the DH data. The four groups of components (UC 4.1, UC 3.6, AC 4.1, AC 3.6 ) were prepared according to the ISO 14801: 2007 standard and submitted to 1,000,000 cycles, with a load of 100 N and frequency of 1 Hz in a universal fatigue testing machine. Results indicated conformity of adaptation (FV) among components varying from 70% to 90%. Concerning DH, the two groups of switching components (UC 3.6 and AC 3.6) presented a negative gap of 7.07% and 5.36% respectively in relation to the regular platform, while the RP groups (UC 4.1 and AC 4.1) presented a negative gap of 1.21% and 0% (p?0.05). The loss of torque after the cycling test were: 25% (UC 4.1), 39% (UC 3.6), 38% (AC 4.1) and 51% (AC 3.6), (p? 0.01). Hence, the result of the present study indicate that the switching platform components present a favorable short-term biological behavior according to the literature, but limited biomechanical behavior. In adaptation factor, there is a strong degree of precision in almost all samples in terms of FV. DH is noticed in all groups. It is also noticeable that in the platform switching groups the loss of torque after mechanical cycling test was larger. / O estudo objetivou analisar a conformidade de adapta??o de componentes prot?ticos de padr?o switching e o comportamento dos mesmos frente a teste mec?nico de fadiga, dispostos em dois manuscritos de acordo com a norma e perfil de publica??o de duas revistas espec?ficas da ?rea de reabilita??o oral. No manuscrito 1 foi realizada uma revis?o liter?ria, que elucidou conceitos relacionados ? utiliza??o da filosofia switching e seus benef?cios biol?gicos evidenciados pela literatura. No entanto, fatores relacionados com estabilidade biomec?nica associados a esse novo conceito demonstraram-se constituir uma tem?tica pouco explorada e evidenciada pela ci?ncia, necessitando, serem melhor compreendidos e confirmados por estudos que avaliem quest?es biomec?nicas sobre esta filosofia. Atrav?s dessa car?ncia demonstrada pela revis?o liter?ria, passou-se a etapa de estudo laboratorial, objetivando buscar respostas a quest?es envolvendo a estabilidade prot?tica de longo prazo. O manuscrito 2 avaliou a conformidade de adapta??o de componentes switching e seu comportamento frente a testes de ciclagem mec?nica, tendo como metodologia o uso de 40 componentes prot?ticos para reabilita??es unit?rias sobre implantes padr?o Hex?gono Externo 4,1 Plataforma Regular, sendo divididos em quatro grupos: 10 componentes UCLA de 4,1 mm (grupo UC 4,1), 10 componentes UCLA de 3,6 mm (grupo UC 3,6) , 10 componentes tipo pilares c?nicos de 4,1 mm (grupo AC 4,1) e 10 pilares c?nicos de 3,6 mm (grupo AC 3,6) sobre referido implante padr?o RP Hex?gono Externo 4,1 mm. Os grupos foram avaliados por Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS) para confirmar o padr?o de manufatura das amostras, e tamb?m comparada a adapta??o com aux?lio de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) quanto a Fenda Vertical (FV) e Discrep?ncia Horizontal (DH). Para a an?lise estat?stica dos dados de FV, aplicou-se os testes de Kruskal-wallis e Crosstabs, e para DH o procedimento de an?lise de Vari?ncia (Anova-Oneway) e de Tukey, ao n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Os quatro grupos de componentes (UC 4,1, UC 3,6, AC 4,1, AC 3,6 ) foram preparados conforme norma ISO 14801: 2007 e submetidos ? 1.000.000 de ciclos, com carga de 100 N e frequ?ncia de 1 Hz em m?quina de simula??o de fadiga. Resultados indicaram conformidade de adapta??o de fenda entre componentes variando de 70% a 90%. Quanto ? DH os dois grupos com componentes Switching (UC 3,6 e AC 3,6) apresentaram degrau negativo de 7,07 % e 5,36% respectivamente em rela??o a plataforma regular, enquanto os grupos de padr?o regular (UC 4,1 e AC 4,1) degrau negativo de 1,21% e 0 % (p?0,05). Em rela??o ? perda de torque ap?s a ciclagem foram obtidos os graus percentuais em cada grupo de 25% (UC 4,1), 39% (UC 3,6), 38% (AC 4,1) e 51% (AC 3,6), (p? 0,01). Desse modo, resultados do presente estudo indicam que os componentes com padr?o switching apresentam-se com comportamento biol?gico favor?vel de curto prazo de acordo com a literatura consultada, mas comportamento biomec?nico limitado. Em fator de adapta??o h? um grau de marcante precis?o em quase todas as amostras em termos de FV. A DH ? notada em maior ou menor grau, tanto em amostras regulares, quanto em padr?o switching. Observou-se que quanto maior o degrau negativo de discrep?ncia horizontal, maior ? o grau de perda de torque ap?s a ciclagem mec?nica. Foi observada tamb?m uma tend?ncia de que quanto mais marcada a aplica??o do conceito switching, maior a perda de torque associada.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-31T17:34:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA_CIDALIA_GALLO_DE_ALMEIDA_DIS.pdf: 3496201 bytes, checksum: 3d0660cd86d46e29c77ead610e146aa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-10T13:02:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA_CIDALIA_GALLO_DE_ALMEIDA_DIS.pdf: 3496201 bytes, checksum: 3d0660cd86d46e29c77ead610e146aa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-10T13:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUISA_CIDALIA_GALLO_DE_ALMEIDA_DIS.pdf: 3496201 bytes, checksum: 3d0660cd86d46e29c77ead610e146aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Xerostomia and hyposalivation are important sequelae of radiotherapy in the head and neck region since the salivary glands are extremely sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation. The first article of this dissertation comprehends a literature review in which preventive methods of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia such as the use of cholinergic agonist drugs, antioxidant substances, acupuncture, low power laser therapy and submandibular gland transfer were discussed. The second article describes an experimental study with the objective of evaluating and comparing the radioprotective effect of vitamin E, the association of vitamins C and E, as well as resveratrol on morphological changes induced by radiotherapy in the parotid glands of rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group (1.0 mL / kg of saline); Irradiated control group (1.0 mL / kg of saline solution); Vitamin E group (360 mg / kg, 200 IU / mL vitamin E); Vitamin C and E group (100 mg / kg, 200 mg / mL vitamin C and 360 mg / kg, 200 IU / mL vitamin E); Resveratrol group (100 mg / kg resveratrol). Prior to radiotherapy, the animals received one dose per day of the drug corresponding to each group, for three consecutive days, through gavage. The animals were submitted to cobalt-60 teletherapy in the head and neck region (except the control group), in a single session of 20 Gy. They were euthanized seven and thirty days after radiotherapy and the parotid glands were dissected and prepared for morphological evaluation. After seven days there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the presence of acinar disorganization, cytoplasmic vacuolation, changes suggestive of apoptosis and cellular pleomorphism. Thirty days after radiotherapy, in the vitamin E and resveratrol groups the presence of vacuolation was significantly lower in comparison to the irradiated group (p = 0.015). Also during this period, the resveratrol group presented less nuclear pleomorphism in relation to the irradiated group (p = 0.015). In addition, the vitamin E and resveratrol groups had a significantly higher nuclear area in the 30-day evaluation (p = 0.000). According to the results presented, it is possible to suggest that vitamin E and resveratrol attenuated the effects of ionizing radiation on rat parotid acinar cells. Resveratrol appears to have been more efficient compared to vitamin E. / A xerostomia e a hipossaliva??o s?o importantes sequelas da radioterapia em regi?o de cabe?a e pesco?o uma vez que as gl?ndulas salivares s?o extremamente sens?veis aos efeitos da radia??o ionizante. O primeiro artigo desta disserta??o trata-se de uma revis?o de literatura na qual foram abordados m?todos preventivos de xerostomia radioinduzida tais como o uso de f?rmacos agonistas colin?rgicos, subst?ncias antioxidantes, acupuntura, terapia laser de baixa pot?ncia e transfer?ncia de gl?ndula submandibular. O segundo artigo descreve um estudo experimental, realizado com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar o efeito radioprotetor da vitamina E, da associa??o das vitaminas C e E, bem como do resveratrol sobre altera??es morfol?gicas induzidas pela radioterapia em gl?ndulas par?tidas de ratos. Setenta ratos Wistar, machos, adultos foram distribu?dos em cinco grupos: grupo controle (1,0 mL/kg de solu??o salina); grupo controle irradiado (1,0 mL/kg de solu??o salina); grupo vitamina E (360 mg/kg, 200 UI/mL de vitamina E); grupo vitaminas C e E (360 mg/kg, 200 UI/mL de vitamina E e 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/mL de vitamina C); grupo resveratrol (100 mg/kg de resveratrol). Previamente ? radioterapia, os animais receberam uma dose por dia do f?rmaco correspondente a cada grupo, durante tr?s dias consecutivos, por meio de gavagem. Os animais foram submetidos ? teleterapia por cobalto-60 em regi?o de cabe?a e pesco?o (exceto o grupo-controle), em sess?o ?nica de 20 Gy. Os animais foram eutanasiados sete e trinta dias ap?s a radioterapia e as gl?ndulas par?tidas foram dissecadas e preparadas para avalia??o morfol?gica. Ap?s sete dias n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os grupos quanto ? presen?a de desorganiza??o acinar, vacuola??o citoplasm?tica, altera??es sugestivas de apoptose e pleomorfismo celular. Trinta dias ap?s a radioterapia, nos grupos vitamina E e resveratrol a presen?a de vacuola??o foi significativamente inferior em compara??o ao grupo irradiado (p=0,015). Ainda neste per?odo, o grupo resveratrol apresentou menos pleomorfismo nuclear em rela??o ao grupo irradiado (p=0,015). Al?m disso, os grupos vitamina E e resveratrol apresentaram ?rea nuclear significativamente superior aos demais na avalia??o de 30 dias (p=0,000). De acordo com os resultados apresentados ? poss?vel sugerir que a vitamina E e o resveratrol atenuaram os efeitos da radia??o ionizante nas c?lulas acinares de par?tidas de ratos. O resveratrol parece ter sido mais eficiente em compara??o ? vitamina E.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-31T17:56:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DE_ASSIS_CARVALHO_MEDELLA_JUNIOR_DIS.pdf: 1206616 bytes, checksum: d449c6e883b87845922436bf944fddcd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-10T13:23:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DE_ASSIS_CARVALHO_MEDELLA_JUNIOR_DIS.pdf: 1206616 bytes, checksum: d449c6e883b87845922436bf944fddcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-10T13:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DE_ASSIS_CARVALHO_MEDELLA_JUNIOR_DIS.pdf: 1206616 bytes, checksum: d449c6e883b87845922436bf944fddcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Head and neck radiotherapy often involves major salivary glands, which may result in hyposalivation and xerostomia. Qualitative and quantitative salivary dysfunctions predispose the individual to changes in the oral mucosa and teeth, cause impairment to oral functions and negative impact on quality of life. In the first article of this study we carried out a literature review addressing the therapeutic management of salivary dysfunction. Established in the literature treatment modalities were reviewed, as well as new options still under investigation. The second paper describes an experimental study, which aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of histamine and lidocaine on morphological changes induced by radiation in parotid glands of rats. Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, Irradiated, Lidocaine and Histamine. The experimental groups were submitted to ionizing radiation, with the exception of the control group, in a single session of 20 Gy. In the Lidocaine Group this drug was administered at a concentration of 2%, intraperitoneally 10 minutes before radiotherapy, dose of 1mg / kg. In the histamine group, the substance was administered subcutaneously at a concentration of 0.5 mg/0.5 mL and a dose of 0.1 mg/kg daily for seven days, starting 24 hours before radiotherapy. Seven and 30 days after radiotherapy the animals were euthanized and their parotids were dissected for morphological analysis and measurement of the nuclear area of acinar cells. Morphological alterations such as acinar disorganization, cytoplasmic vacuolation, suggestive alterations of apoptosis / necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism were observed in the glands of the irradiated rats, with no differences between the groups receiving lidocaine or histamine. Nuclear area of acinar cells was significantly higher in the Lidocaine and Histamine groups. Despite this result, the parotid glands of irradiated animals showed significant mophological changes, regardless of treatment with lidocaine or histamine. The methodology used and results obtained in this study do not support the radioprotective effect of administered substances on the morphology of the rats parotid glands. / A radioterapia direcionada ? regi?o de cabe?a e pesco?o frequentemente envolve as gl?ndulas salivares maiores, podendo resultar em hipossaliva??o e xerostomia. Disfun??es salivares qualitativas e quantitativas predisp?e o indiv?duo a altera??es na mucosa bucal e nos dentes, causam preju?zo ?s fun??es orais e impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. No primeiro artigo desta disserta??o foi realizada uma revis?o de literatura abordando o manejo terap?utico das disfun??es salivares. Foram revisadas modalidades de tratamento j? consagradas na literatura, bem como novas op??es ainda em investiga??o. O segundo artigo descreve um estudo experimental que teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da lidoca?na e da histamina sobre altera??es morfol?gicas induzidas pela radioterapia em gl?ndulas par?tidas de ratos. Foram utilizados 56 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos: Controle, Irradiado, Lidoca?na e Histamina. Os animais foram submetidos ? radia??o ionizante, excetuando-se o grupo-controle, em sess?o ?nica de 20 Gy. No grupo lidoca?na o f?rmaco foi administrado por via intraperitoneal na concentra??o de 2%, 10 minutos antes da radioterapia, na dosagem de 1mg/Kg. No grupo histamina a subst?ncia foi administrada por via subcut?nea na concentra??o de 0,5 mg/0,5 mL e dosagem de 0,1 mg/Kg, diariamente, por sete dias, iniciando-se 24 horas antes da radioterapia. Sete e trinta dias ap?s a radioterapia os animais foram eutanasiados e suas par?tidas foram dissecadas para analise morfol?gica e mensura??o da ?rea nuclear das c?lulas acinares. Altera??es morfol?gicas como desorganiza??o acinar, vacuola??o citoplasm?tica, altera??es sugestivas de apoptose/necrose e pleomorfismo nuclear foram observadas nas gl?ndulas dos animais irradiados, sem diferen?as entre os grupos que receberam lidoca?na ou histamina. A ?rea nuclear das c?lulas acinares foi significativamente superior nos grupos Lidoca?na e Histamina. Apesar deste resultado, as gl?ndulas par?tidas dos animais irradiados apresentaram importantes altera??es morfol?gicas, independente do tratamento com lidoca?na ou histamina. A metodologia utilizada e os resultados obtidos neste estudo n?o suportam o efeito radioprotetor das subst?ncias administradas sobre a morfologia de gl?ndulas par?tidas de ratos.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-09T13:27:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALMIR_JOSE_HENKES_TES.pdf: 9938064 bytes, checksum: 8470f9a982c6e56ac07eef34336431ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-13T11:52:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALMIR_JOSE_HENKES_TES.pdf: 9938064 bytes, checksum: 8470f9a982c6e56ac07eef34336431ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T12:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALMIR_JOSE_HENKES_TES.pdf: 9938064 bytes, checksum: 8470f9a982c6e56ac07eef34336431ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, through the fracture strength testing, the influence of a fiberglass post position position, intracanal or horizontally transfixed, inserted in endodontically treated molars with MOD preparations and restored with composite resin and evaluate the fracture pattern after the mechanical test; and evaluate, through the fracture strength testing, the influence of a horizontally transfixed fiberglass post, inserted in endodontically treated molars with MOD cavity preparation and restored with Bulk Fill resins and to evaluate the fracture pattern after the mechanical test. In the first test, fifty extracted healthy molars were embedded in acrylic resin and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): G1(H) - sound; G2(CP) - cavity preparation (MOD) + endodontic treatment (E); G3 (R) - (MOD) + E + Z250 composite resin restoration (RS); G4- (RFP) (MOD) + E + fiberglass post into root canal + RS; G5 (FT) - (MOD) + E + fiberglass post horizontally transfixed + R; In the second test, ninety extracted molars were embedded in acrylic resin and divided into 9 groups (n = 10): G1) Sound (H); G2)cavity preparation (MOD); G3) MOD + root canal treatment (E); G4) E + Bulk fil composite resin (BF); G5) E + Bulk fill flow composite resin (BFF) + Z250 composite resin (250); G6) E + Z250; G7) E + transfixed fiberglass post (TP) + Z250 (Z250P); G8)E +TP+BF (BFP); G9) E + TP + BFF + Z250 (BFFP). The MOD cavity preparations were standardized with 2/3 width of the vestibular-lingual distance, with reference to the tip of the respective cusps, and occlusal-gingival depth of 4 mm, remaining 2 mm above the cement-cementum limit. The root canal treatments were performed in all groups, except for H group. Afterwards, the teeth were submitted to the fracture strength testing in a universal testing machine. After the mechanical test, the teeth were visually inspected to classify the fracture type as: pulp chamber floor (non-recoverable) or cusps (recoverable). Means (Newtons) followed by the same letter do not present statistical difference for ANOVA and Tukey?s test (p> 0.05): and for the first test, group (H) 5558N A; (E) 950N C; (R) 1715N C; (FC) 1723N C; (FT) 2621N B. The predominant pattern of fracture was in cusps, and for the second test, it was (H) 3930N a; (MOD) 957.3N d; (E) 611.2N d; (BF) 1103.3N d; (BFF) 978.3N d; (Z250) 1359.8 d; (Z250P) 2525N b; (BFP) 1891.4N bc; (BFFP) 2031.8N bc. The predominant failure mode was in pulp chamber floor (52.5%). The use of a horizontally transfixed fiberglass post (FT) in the first test showed the best fracture resistance recovery compared to the (E) group. The use of a fiberglass post into root canal, statistically, did not promote higher resistance to fracture (1723N) compared to the group restored with composite resin only (1715N). In the second test, Inserting a fiberglass post horizontally in molars endodontically treated and restoring with composite resins, Bulk Fill or conventional Z250, allowed higher fracture resistance than groups restored without post. The use of a fiberglass post decreased the occurrence of pulpal chamber floor fractures in endodontically treated molars. / Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, in vitro, atrav?s do ensaio de resist?ncia ? fratura, a influ?ncia do posicionamento do pino de fibra de vidro, intracanal ou transfixado horizontalmente, inserido em molares endodonticamente tratados com preparos MOD e restaurados com resina composta, e avaliar o padr?o de fratura ap?s o ensaio mec?nico; e avaliar, in vitro, atrav?s do ensaio de resist?ncia ? fratura, a influ?ncia do pino de fibra de vidro transfixado horizontalmente, inserido em molares endodonticamente tratados com preparos MOD e restaurados com resinas Bulk Fill, e avaliar o padr?o de fratura ap?s o ensaio mec?nico. No primeiro ensaio, cinquenta molares h?gidos extra?dos foram embutidos em resina acr?lica e divididos em 5 grupos (n=10): h?gidos (H); preparo cavit?rio (MOD) + tratamento endod?ntico (E); preparo cavit?rio (MOD) + tratamento endod?ntico + restaura??o com resina composta Z250 (R); preparo cavit?rio (MOD) + tratamento endod?ntico + pino de fibra vidro no conduto + restaura??o com resina composta Z250 (FC); preparo cavit?rio (MOD) + tratamento endod?ntico pino de fibra vidro transfixado + restaura??o com resina composta Z250 (FT). No segundo ensaio, noventa molares h?gidos extra?dos foram inclu?dos em resina acr?lica e divididos em 9 grupos (n=10): G1) H?gidos (H); G2) preparo cavit?rio MOD (MOD); G3) (MOD) + tratamento endod?ntico (E); G4) E + restaura??o com resina Bulk fil (BF); G5) E + Bulk fill Flow + Z250 (BFF); G6) preparo cavit?rio (MOD) + tratamento endod?ntico + restaura??o com resina composta Z250 (Z250); G7) E + pino de vidro transfixado (TP) + Z250 (Z250P); G8) E+ TP + Bulk fill (BFP); G9) E+ TP + Bulk fill Flow + Z250 (BFFP). Os preparos cavit?rios MOD foram padronizados com largura de 2/3 da dist?ncia vest?bulo-lingual, tendo como refer?ncia a ponta das respectivas c?spides, e profundidade ocluso-gengival de 4mm, permanecendo 2mm acima do limite amelocement?rio. Foram realizados tratamentos endod?nticos em todos os grupos, exceto para o grupo dos dentes h?gidos. Ap?s, os dentes foram submetidos ao ensaio de resist?ncia ? fratura em uma m?quina de ensaio universal. Ap?s realiza??o dos ensaios, os dentes foram inspecionados quanto ao tipo de fratura e classificados em: fratura em assoalho pulpar (n?o recuper?vel) ou c?spide (recuper?vel). M?dias seguidas de mesma letra n?o apresentam diferen?a estat?stica para ANOVA e Tukey (p>0,05): sendo para o primeiro ensaio, grupo (H) 5558NA; (E) 950NC; (R) 1715NC; (FC) 1723NC; (FT) 2621NB. O padr?o predominante de fratura foi em c?spide, e para o segundo ensaio, foi (H) 3930Na; (MOD) 957,3Nd; (E) 611,2Nd; (BF)1103,3Nd; (BFF)978,3Nd;(Z250)1359,8d;(Z250P)2525Nb;(BFP)1891,4Nbc;(BFFP) 2031,8Nbc. O padr?o de falha de fratura foi de 52,5% em assoalho da c?mara pulpar. A utiliza??o de um pino de fibra de vidro transfixado horizontalmente (FT) no primeiro ensaio, apresentou o melhor resultado de recupera??o da resist?ncia ? fratura comparado ao grupo (E). A utiliza??o de um pino de fibra de vidro no conduto, estatisticamente, n?o obteve maior resist?ncia ? fratura (1723N) comparado com o grupo restaurado somente com resina composta, (1715N). No segundo ensaio, um pino de fibra de vidro transfixado horizontalmente em cavidades MOD com endodontia e restaurar com resinas compostas Bulk Fill ou convencional Z250, permitiu maiores valores de resist?ncia ? fratura quando comparados ? n?o utiliza??o do pino. O uso do pino de fibra de vidro diminuiu a ocorr?ncia de fraturas de assoalho da c?mara pulpar em molares tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com resinas compostas do tipo Bulk Fill e convencional.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-09T13:09:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_BORGUETTI_MANFROI_TES.pdf: 2715505 bytes, checksum: 81352bd5d757e75e046659bb79849f86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-12T12:58:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_BORGUETTI_MANFROI_TES.pdf: 2715505 bytes, checksum: 81352bd5d757e75e046659bb79849f86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T13:06:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_BORGUETTI_MANFROI_TES.pdf: 2715505 bytes, checksum: 81352bd5d757e75e046659bb79849f86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / (Artigo 1 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na resist?ncia de uni?o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Purpose: To verify the influence of the pH cycles on the microtensile bond strength (?TBS) to dentin of three adhesive systems compared to the immediate ?TBS and after storage in artificial saliva for 6 months. Materials and methods: The occlusal surface of 32 sound third molar teeth was removed to obtain a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=8/group): G1 - Single Bond Universal in the total-etch mode; G2 ? Single Bond Universal in the self-etch mode; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (totaletch mode control); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (self-etch mode control). A block of composite with 6 mm height was built on the adhesive area. After 24 h of storage in distilled water at 37?C, the tooth/resin sets were cut parallel to the long axis of the tooth, in the x and y directions, with a section of approximately 0.8 mm2 . Fifty-two specimens were obtained for each group, of which 26 were submitted to pH cycles and the other 26 were stored in artificial saliva for 6 months. Subsequently, the specimens were submitted to a ?TBS test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. For the immediate evaluation (24 h), results previously obtained were used for this study. Results: According to the two-way ANOVA test, the interaction between the factors (p=0.0001) was significant. There was no significant difference in the immediate ?TBS between the adhesive systems. After 4 cycles of pH and 6 months of storage in artificial saliva, there was a significant decrease in ?TBS for all adhesive systems. The failures were predominantly mixed. Conclusion: The pH cycles and the storage in artificial saliva for 6 months were detrimental to the stability of the bonding interface. (Artigo 2 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na nanoinfiltra??o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Purpose: To verify the influence of the pH cycles on the nanoleakage in the dentin-adhesive interface of three adhesive systems compared to the immediate nanoleakage and after storage in artificial saliva for 6 months. Materials and methods: The occlusal surface of 24 sound third molar teeth was removed to obtain a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=6/group): G1 ? Single Bond Universal in the total-etch mode; G2 ? Single Bond Universal in the self-etch mode; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (total-etch mode control); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (self-etch mode control). A block of composite with 6 mm height was built on the adhesive area. After 24 h of storage in distilled water at 37?C, the tooth/resin sets were cut parallel to the long axis of the tooth to obtain slices with a thickness of approximately 1.0 mm. Three slices of the central region of each tooth were obtained. One slice was submitted to pH cycles, and one slice was stored in artificial saliva for 6 months. The nanoleakage methodology was applied. Images of the dentin-adhesive interfaces were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (2000x), and the images were analyzed in the ImageJ program to evaluate the percentage of nanoleakage area (%N). Results: According to the two-way ANOVA test, the interaction between the factors (adhesive system x storage) (p=0.0001) was significant. There was no significant difference in the %N between the adhesive systems at 24 h. After the pH cycles, the adhesive systems applied in the self-etch mode obtained lower %N, differing significantly from total-etch adhesives. After 6 months in artificial saliva, there was lower %N compared to pH cycles, and the lowest %N occurred in self-etch adhesives. Conclusion: The pH cycles caused higher nanoleakage than storage in artificial saliva for 6 months. The self-etch adhesive systems had lower nanoleakage after pH cycles and storage in artificial saliva for 6 months in relation to total-etch adhesive systems. / (Artigo 1 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na resist?ncia de uni?o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Objetivo: Verificar a influ?ncia dos ciclos de pH nos valores de resist?ncia de uni?o ? microtra??o (R?T) ? dentina de tr?s sistemas adesivos em compara??o com a R?T imediata e ap?s armazenamento em saliva artificial pelo per?odo de 6 meses. Materiais e m?todos: A superf?cie oclusal de 32 dentes terceiros molares h?gidos foi removida para obter superf?cie plana em dentina, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=8/grupo): G1 ? Single Bond Universal na vers?o total-etch; G2 ? Single Bond Universal na vers?o self-etch; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (controle da vers?o total-etch); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (controle da vers?o self-etch). Sobre o sistema adesivo foi confeccionado um bloco de 6 mm de altura em resina composta. Ap?s 24 h de armazenagem em ?gua destilada a 37?C, os conjuntos dente/resina foram cortados paralelamente no longo eixo do dente, nos sentidos x e y, com sec??o de aproximadamente 0,8 mm2 . Cinquenta e dois corpos de prova foram obtidos, em m?dia, para cada grupo, sendo 26 submetidos aos ciclos de pH, e os outros 26 ao armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Na sequ?ncia, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de microtra??o em m?quina de ensaio universal EMIC DL-2000, com uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os tipos de falha foram observados em microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Para a avalia??o imediata (24 h) foram utilizados resultados obtidos previamente a este estudo. Resultados: De acordo com o teste ANOVA de duas vias a intera??o entre os fatores (p=0,0001) foi significativa. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica na R?T imediata entre os sistemas adesivos. Ap?s os 4 ciclos de pH e 6 meses de armazenamento em saliva artificial houve redu??o significativa das m?dias de R?T para todos os sistemas adesivos. As falhas foram predominantemente mistas. Conclus?o: Os ciclos de pH e o armazenamento em saliva artificial durante 6 meses prejudicaram a estabilidade da interface de uni?o. (Artigo 2 - Efeito dos ciclos de pH na nanoinfiltra??o de diferentes sistemas adesivos ? dentina) Objetivo: Verificar a influ?ncia dos ciclos de pH na nanoinfiltra??o da interface dentina-adesivo de tr?s sistemas adesivos em compara??o com a nanoinfiltra??o imediata e ap?s armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Materiais e m?todos: A superf?cie oclusal de 24 dentes terceiros molares h?gidos foi removida para obter superf?cie plana em dentina, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=6/grupo): G1 ?Single Bond Universal na vers?o total-etch; G2 ? Single Bond Universal na vers?o self-etch; G3 ? Scotchbond Multi Purpose (controle da vers?o total-etch); G4 ? Clearfil SE Bond (controle da vers?o self-etch). Sobre o sistema adesivo foi confeccionado um bloco de 6 mm de altura em resina composta. Ap?s 24 h de armazenagem em ?gua destilada a 37?C, os conjuntos dente/resina foram cortados paralelamente no longo eixo do dente, resultando em fatias, com espessura de aproximadamente 1,0 mm. Tr?s fatias da regi?o central de cada dente foram obtidas, sendo uma fatia submetida aos ciclos de pH, e uma fatia armazenada em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Na sequ?ncia foi aplicada a metodologia de nanoinfiltra??o. Imagens das interfaces dentina-adesivo foram obtidas por meio de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (2000x), sendo as imagens analisadas no programa ImageJ para avaliar a porcentagem de ?rea de nanoinfiltra??o (%N). Resultados: De acordo com o teste ANOVA de duas vias, a intera??o dos fatores (sistema adesivo x armazenamento) foi significativa (p=0,0001). N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica na %N entre os sistemas adesivos na avalia??o em 24 h. Ap?s os ciclos de pH os sistemas adesivos aplicados de maneira self-etch obtiveram menor %N, diferindo estatisticamente dos adesivos total-etch. Ap?s 6 meses em saliva artificial, houve menor %N comparado aos ciclos de pH, e as menores %N ocorreram nos adesivos self-etch. Conclus?o: Os ciclos de pH causaram maior nanoinfiltra??o do que o armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses. Os sistemas adesivos aplicados de maneira selfetch tiveram menor nanoinfiltra??o ap?s os ciclos de pH e armazenamento em saliva artificial por 6 meses em rela??o aos sistemas adesivos total-etch.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-09T17:42:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_LOSEKANN_PAIVA_TES.pdf: 1108231 bytes, checksum: a32ed38f5354b3e7c925afdd81c861e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-15T13:00:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_LOSEKANN_PAIVA_TES.pdf: 1108231 bytes, checksum: a32ed38f5354b3e7c925afdd81c861e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T13:37:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_LOSEKANN_PAIVA_TES.pdf: 1108231 bytes, checksum: a32ed38f5354b3e7c925afdd81c861e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Oral cytopathology may be used to monitor individuals exposed to risk factor for oral cancer. In this context, the study of field cancerization, a phenomenon involved in the initial stages of oral carcinogenesis, has gained relevance for the establishment of biomarkers that may identify individuals exposed to carcinogens with the greatest risk for developing oral cancer. The first article of this study aimed to compare cytopathological and histopathological characteristics of the clinically normal mucosa adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The nuclear area of cells obtained by cytological smear of this region was also analyzed and compared to that of individuals without lesions but exposed to smoking and/or alcohol and of patients not exposed to these risk factors. Ninety patients of both sexes over 40 years old were included. In patients with carcinoma, in addition to exfoliative cytology, tissue was obtained from the area adjacent to the tumor for histopathological examination. In smears stained with Papanicolaou, the nuclei of 50 intermediate cells were measured. Both histological sections and cytological smears were classified as low or high-risk. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the cytopathological diagnosis in relation to the histopathological diagnosis, considered the gold standard, were 100, 75 and 75.86%, respectively. The mean nuclear area was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the patients not exposed to the risk factors in relation to the others. The cyto-histopathological comparison of the area adjacent to oral cancer showed good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. In conclusion, this article demonstrated that nuclear area can be used to detect early cellular changes in the oral mucosa exposed to carcinogens and that mean percentage of nuclei larger than 100 ?m2 is the most indicated method for the assessment of these changes. The second article aimed to assess genetic damage and cell proliferation rate in the field of cancerization, i.e., the clinically normal mucosa adjacent to oral carcinoma. Cytologic smears from the same scrapes used in the first article were stained with silver and with the Feulgen reaction. The mean number of AgNORs/nucleus and micronuclei (MN) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the Tobacco/Alcohol and Oral Cancer Groups than in the Control Group. Conversely, the mean number of NBUDs was higher in the Control Group compared with the other groups. The number of AgNORs/nucleus and MN/1,000 cells provide evidence of initial oral carcinogenesis at field cancerization areas. Cutoff values for inclusion of individuals exposed to carcinogens in longitudinal monitoring were ? 3.38 AgNORs/nucleus and/or ? 3 MN/1,000 cells. A prospective model including the biomarkers assessed in this study was proposed. / A citopatologia bucal pode ser aplicada como m?todo de monitoramento em indiv?duos expostos a fatores de risco ao c?ncer de boca. O campo de canceriza??o, representando as etapas iniciais da carcinog?nese bucal, torna-se uma ?rea atrativa ao estudo de biomarcadores que poder?o ser utilizados para identificar indiv?duos expostos a carcin?genos com maior risco ao desenvolvimento do c?ncer bucal. O primeiro artigo deste estudo visou comparar as caracter?sticas citopatol?gicas e histopatol?gicas da mucosa clinicamente normal adjacente ao carcinoma espinocelular bucal. Al?m disso, a ?rea nuclear das c?lulas obtidas desta regi?o, por meio de esfrega?o citol?gico, foi mensurada e comparada ? das c?lulas de indiv?duos sem les?o expostos ao fumo e/ou ?lcool e a de pacientes n?o expostos a estes fatores de risco. Foram inclu?dos 90 pacientes de ambos os sexos com idade superior a 40 anos. Nos pacientes com carcinoma, al?m da citologia esfoliativa, foi obtido material para exame histopatol?gico da ?rea adjacente ao tumor. Nos esfrega?os, corados com Papanicolaou, foram mensurados os n?cleos de 50 c?lulas intermedi?rias. Tanto os cortes histol?gicos, quanto os esfrega?os citol?gicos foram classificados em baixo ou alto risco. Ao associar as caracter?sticas citopatol?gicas e histopatol?gicas, verificou-se sensibilidade, especificidade e acur?cia de 100%, 75% e 75,86%, respectivamente. A m?dia da ?rea nuclear foi menor no grupo n?o exposto ao fumo e ao ?lcool, com diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) em rela??o aos demais. A associa??o cito-histopatol?gica da ?rea adjacente ao c?ncer bucal apresentou boa sensibilidade, especificidade e acur?cia. Al?m disso, constatou-se que a ?rea nuclear ? pass?vel de ser utilizada para detectar altera??es celulares precoces na mucosa bucal exposta a carcin?genos, sendo a m?dia percentual de n?cleos com mais de 100 ?m2 o m?todo de avalia??o mais indicado. O segundo artigo objetivou avaliar o dano gen?tico e a velocidade de prolifera??o celular no campo de canceriza??o, ou seja, na mucosa clinicamente normal adjacente ao c?ncer bucal. Os esfrega?os citol?gicos foram corados com a t?cnica das AgNORs e rea??o de Feulgen, utilizando o mesmo raspado citol?gico obtido no primeiro artigo. A m?dia das AgNORs/n?cleo e do micron?cleo (MN) dos grupos fumo/?lcool e carcinoma bucal foi superior, com diferen?a estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) em rela??o ao grupo controle. Este, por sua vez, obteve m?dia superior de bot?es nucleares (NBUDs) em rela??o aos grupos fumo/?lcool e carcinoma bucal. Ambos os marcadores, n?mero das AgNORs/n?cleo e MN, evidenciaram a fase inicial da carcinog?nese bucal, representada no campo de canceriza??o. Valores iguais ou superiores a 3.38 AgNORs/n?cleo e/ou 3 MN/1000 c?lulas foram identificados como ponto de corte ideal para incluir um indiv?duo exposto a carcin?genos no monitoramento longitudinal. Um modelo prospectivo dos marcadores foi sugerido.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-13T18:14:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GUILHERME_PIVATTO_LOUZADA_DIS.pdf: 4084164 bytes, checksum: 92327e9e0d6d6a7868235af68dc557f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-21T11:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GUILHERME_PIVATTO_LOUZADA_DIS.pdf: 4084164 bytes, checksum: 92327e9e0d6d6a7868235af68dc557f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T12:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUILHERME_PIVATTO_LOUZADA_DIS.pdf: 4084164 bytes, checksum: 92327e9e0d6d6a7868235af68dc557f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic ozonotherapy on bone remodeling of critical defects in the calotte of rats, with and without a xenograft presence, using an animal model of immunosuppression induced by corticosteroids. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats (180-220 g), distributed in 8 experimental groups (N = 8 / group) were used. For corticosteroid therapy (groups II, IV, VI and VIII), the animals received dexamethasone (1 mg / kg; i.p.), one injection every 48 h, starting two weeks before the surgical procedures, extending to euthanasia. Control animals (groups I, III, V and VII) received saline solution (10 ml / kg, i.p.) at the same time intervals. After two weeks of corticosteroid therapy, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine (100 and 10 mg / kg, i.p.) to produce two critical defects in the parietal bones of the skull cap (5 mm diameter). The defects were filled with clot (groups I, II, V and VI) or Bio-Oss x xenograft (Geistlish Biomaterials, Germany) (groups III, IV, VII and VIII). In all groups, the right defect was covered by a Bio-Gide? collagen membrane (Geistlish Biomaterials, Germany). For systemic ozono-therapy, animals of groups V, VI, VII and VIII received an application of ozone (0.7 mg / kg, i.p.) every day for 7 days, starting immediately after surgery. Four weeks after the defects were created, the animals were euthanized, and the skull caps were collected for histological evaluation of the bone neoformation with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (7691). Qualitative histological analyzes were performed based on the pattern of connective tissue formation around the defect, existence of inflammatory cells in the region, aspect of bone trabeculated, osteoblastic activity around the bone matrix and existence of graft particles in the region. Results: Groups V and VII presented greater bone areas along the surface of the defect compared to VI and VIII, because of the potential effects of ozone on bone remodeling, minimizing negative interference in the glucocorticoid bone microarray. The presence of the xenografts groups III, IV, VII, VIII, provided the covering of an extensive area of the defect, forming a more prominent immature bone matrix near the edges of the defects, with the presence of graft particles dispersed in the central area. The presence of the type I collagen membrane was shown to be an important tool in the acceleration of bone remodeling used in all experimental groups, in which, in comparison to contralateral defects in which the membrane was not used, a significant increase of bone just graduated. At the systemic level, the results of ozone treatment allowed the reduction of adverse effects of glucocorticoids, such as the reduction of the body weight of the animals and atrophy of lymphatic organs such as spleen, observed in the groups treated alone with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Given the limitations of the animal study, the use of systemic ozone associated with the xenograft stimulates bone remodeling in critical defects of immunosuppressed rats. / Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da ozonioterapia sist?mica sobre o remodelamento ?sseo de defeitos cr?ticos na calota de ratos, com e sem a presen?a de xenoenxerto, utilizando um modelo animal de imunossupress?o induzido por corticoterapia. M?todos: Foram utilizados 64 ratos machos Wistar (180-220 g), distribu?dos em 8 grupos experimentais (N = 8/grupo). Para a corticoterapia (grupos II, IV, VI e VIII), os animais receberam dexametasona (1 mg/kg; i.p.), uma inje??o a cada 48 h, com in?cio duas semanas antes dos procedimentos cir?rgicos, se estendendo at? a eutan?sia. Os animais controles (grupos I, III, V e VII) receberam solu??o salina (10 ml/kg; i.p.), nos mesmos intervalos de tempo. Ap?s duas semanas do in?cio da corticoterapia, os animais foram anestesiados com quetamina e xilazina (100 e 10 mg/kg; i.p.), para a confec??o de dois defeitos cr?ticos nos ossos parietais da calota craniana (5 mm de di?metro). Os defeitos foram preenchidos com co?gulo (grupos I, II, V e VI) ou com xenoenxerto Bio-Oss? (Geistlish Biomaterials, Germany) (grupos III, IV, VII e VIII). Em todos os grupos, o defeito da direita foi coberto por uma membrana de col?geno Bio-Gide? (Geistlish Biomaterials, Germany). Para a ozonioterapia sist?mica, os animais dos grupos V, VI, VII e VIII receberam uma aplica??o de oz?nio (0,7 mg/kg; i.p.), todos os dias, durante 7 dias, iniciando imediatamente ap?s a cirurgia. Decorridos quatro semanas da cria??o dos defeitos, os animais foram eutanasiados e as calotas cranianas foram coletadas para avalia??o histol?gica da neoforma??o ?ssea, com colora??o de hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Os protocolos foram aprovados pela Comiss?o de ?tica no Uso de Animais (7691). Foram realizadas an?lises histol?gicas qualitativas baseado no aspecto do trabeculado ?sseo, atividade osteobl?stica em torno da matriz ?ssea, padr?o de forma??o de tecido conjuntivo na ?rea do defeito, e exist?ncia de part?culas de enxerto na regi?o. Resultados: Os grupos V, VII apresentaram maiores ?reas ?sseas ao longo da superf?cie do defeito, em compara??o com os VI e VIII, como consequ?ncia dos efeitos potenciais do oz?nio no remodelamento ?sseo, minimizando as interfer?ncias negativas na microarquitetura ?ssea causada pelos glicocortic?ides. A presen?a do xenoenxerto nos grupos III, IV, VII, VIII, proporcionou o recobrimento de extensa ?rea do defeito, formando matriz ?ssea imatura mais proeminente nas proximidades dos bordos dos defeitos, com presen?a de part?culas de enxerto dispersas na ?rea central. A presen?a da membrana de col?geno tipo I, se mostrou um importante recurso na acelera??o do remodelamento ?sseo utilizado em todos os grupos experimentais, na qual em compara??o com os defeitos contralaterais em que n?o foi utilizado a membrana, pode ser visto um significativo aumento de osso rec?m-formado. A n?vel sist?mico, os resultados do tratamento com oz?nio possibilitaram a diminui??o de efeitos adversos dos glicocorticoides, tais como a diminui??o do peso corporal dos animais e atrofia de ?rg?os linf?ticos como o ba?o, observados nos grupos tratados isoladamente com a dexametasona. Conclus?o: Diante das limita??es do estudo animal, a utiliza??o de oz?nio sist?mico associado ao xenoenxerto, estimula o remodelamento ?sseo em defeitos cr?ticos de ratos imunossuprimidos.