<p>Doktriner utgör väpnade styrkors viktigaste beskrivning avseende hur man avser använda militära medel för att uppnå politiska mål. För att tjäna sitt syfte bör doktriner utvecklas med rationella utgångspunkter som omvärldens utveckling och senaste forskning. Dock menar många att andra faktorer sprungna ur kulturella traditioner och organisationers särintressen påverkar tillkomsten av doktriner.</p><p>Civil-militärt samarbete har i moderna konflikter blivit allt mer betydelsefullt. Strategier för fredsfrämjande insatser i dagens komplexa konflikter bygger i allt högre grad på integrerade insatser mellan flera olika funktioner och aktörer. Civil-militärt samarbete har dock traditionellt haft en underordnad, stödjande roll i militära organisationer.</p><p>I denna uppsats undersöks forskningens roll i doktrinutveckling. Mer specifikt undersöks om doktriner inom det högaktuella området, civil-militärt samarbete, tagit till sig och omfattar den aktuella forskningen inom ämnesområdet. Storbritanniens och USA:s doktriner för civil-militärt samarbete har jämförts med aktuell forskning. Resultatet visar att dessa doktriner på ett bra sätt tillvaratagit forskningens uppfattningar. </p> / <p>Doctrines constitute armed forces most important guidelines on how to achieve political objectives with military means. To serve its purpose doctrines should be developed on rational grounds based on current world situation and most recent research. However many thinks that other factors such as organisations cultures and special interests influence doctrinal development.</p><p>Civil-military cooperation has in contemporary conflicts gained in importance. Strategies in complex peace support operations are increasingly based on integrated approaches between various functions and actors. Civil-military operations have traditionally played a secondary and supportive role in military organisations.</p><p>This paper will study the role of scientific research in doctrinal development. More to the point, doctrines within the highly topical field of civil-military cooperation are tested regarding coherence with recent research. Doctrines concerning civil-military cooperation in Great Britain and United States have been compared to recent research. The result shows that these doctrines have taken care of relevant opinions within recent scientific research.</p>

Doktriner utgör väpnade styrkors viktigaste beskrivning avseende hur man avser använda militära medel för att uppnå politiska mål. För att tjäna sitt syfte bör doktriner utvecklas med rationella utgångspunkter som omvärldens utveckling och senaste forskning. Dock menar många att andra faktorer sprungna ur kulturella traditioner och organisationers särintressen påverkar tillkomsten av doktriner. Civil-militärt samarbete har i moderna konflikter blivit allt mer betydelsefullt. Strategier för fredsfrämjande insatser i dagens komplexa konflikter bygger i allt högre grad på integrerade insatser mellan flera olika funktioner och aktörer. Civil-militärt samarbete har dock traditionellt haft en underordnad, stödjande roll i militära organisationer. I denna uppsats undersöks forskningens roll i doktrinutveckling. Mer specifikt undersöks om doktriner inom det högaktuella området, civil-militärt samarbete, tagit till sig och omfattar den aktuella forskningen inom ämnesområdet. Storbritanniens och USA:s doktriner för civil-militärt samarbete har jämförts med aktuell forskning. Resultatet visar att dessa doktriner på ett bra sätt tillvaratagit forskningens uppfattningar. / Doctrines constitute armed forces most important guidelines on how to achieve political objectives with military means. To serve its purpose doctrines should be developed on rational grounds based on current world situation and most recent research. However many thinks that other factors such as organisations cultures and special interests influence doctrinal development. Civil-military cooperation has in contemporary conflicts gained in importance. Strategies in complex peace support operations are increasingly based on integrated approaches between various functions and actors. Civil-military operations have traditionally played a secondary and supportive role in military organisations. This paper will study the role of scientific research in doctrinal development. More to the point, doctrines within the highly topical field of civil-military cooperation are tested regarding coherence with recent research. Doctrines concerning civil-military cooperation in Great Britain and United States have been compared to recent research. The result shows that these doctrines have taken care of relevant opinions within recent scientific research.

<p>Informationsoperationer utgör idag en allt viktigare del i svenska internationella uppdrag. Inom informationsoperationer sorterar funktionerna Psykologiska operationer (psyops) och Civil-Militär samverkan (CIMIC). Enligt grundsynen för informationsoperationer skall CIMIC utgöra en stödfunktion åt psyops under internationella insatser. Dock är inte samarbetet mellan parterna närmare preciserat och beskrivet i Försvarsmaktens dokumentation. Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera hur funktionen psyops inom Försvarsmakten kan stöttas av stödfunktionen CIMIC vid en internationell insats.</p><p>För att uppnå syftets ambition använder uppsatsen sig av en deskriptiv metod i syfte att empiriskt beskriva funktionernas karaktärer och egenskaper. Analysram utgörs av Cialdinis teorier om påverkan av människor och av Agrells teorier om underrättelseanalysens problematik.</p><p>Resultatet för uppsatsen visar att psyops är i stort behov av kulturella underrättelser om utpekade målgrupper i operationsområdet. CIMIC har enligt analysramen goda möjligheter att genom sitt mångfacetterade kontaktnät och möjligheten att genomföra riktade projekt, inhämta underrättelser väl anpassade efter psyops behov.</p> / <p>Information operations constitute a more and more important part of the Swedish international operations, where Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) and Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) are included. Due to the basic view of Swedish information operations CIMIC is meant to have a support function for PSYOPS during international operations. This function of support is however only briefly specified in the documentation of the Swedish Armed Forces. The essay aims at describing and analysing how Swedish PSYOPS can receive support from CIMIC during an international operation.</p><p>The essay specifically intends to describe PSYOPS and CIMIC individual  characteristics and features. The analysis has been carried out with the help of a descriptive method.</p><p>To create a theoretical frame for the analysis Cialdinis theory on human influence and Agrells theory on the complexity of the intelligence analysis have been used.</p><p>The results of the essay show that PSYOPS is in great need of cultural intelligence gained from the appointed target audiences in the operation area. CIMIC has according to the analysis a good potential concerning collecting cultural intelligence thanks to its well-developed circle of contacts and its possibilities to accomplish CIMIC projects. </p>

Informationsoperationer utgör idag en allt viktigare del i svenska internationella uppdrag. Inom informationsoperationer sorterar funktionerna Psykologiska operationer (psyops) och Civil-Militär samverkan (CIMIC). Enligt grundsynen för informationsoperationer skall CIMIC utgöra en stödfunktion åt psyops under internationella insatser. Dock är inte samarbetet mellan parterna närmare preciserat och beskrivet i Försvarsmaktens dokumentation. Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera hur funktionen psyops inom Försvarsmakten kan stöttas av stödfunktionen CIMIC vid en internationell insats. För att uppnå syftets ambition använder uppsatsen sig av en deskriptiv metod i syfte att empiriskt beskriva funktionernas karaktärer och egenskaper. Analysram utgörs av Cialdinis teorier om påverkan av människor och av Agrells teorier om underrättelseanalysens problematik. Resultatet för uppsatsen visar att psyops är i stort behov av kulturella underrättelser om utpekade målgrupper i operationsområdet. CIMIC har enligt analysramen goda möjligheter att genom sitt mångfacetterade kontaktnät och möjligheten att genomföra riktade projekt, inhämta underrättelser väl anpassade efter psyops behov. / Information operations constitute a more and more important part of the Swedish international operations, where Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) and Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) are included. Due to the basic view of Swedish information operations CIMIC is meant to have a support function for PSYOPS during international operations. This function of support is however only briefly specified in the documentation of the Swedish Armed Forces. The essay aims at describing and analysing how Swedish PSYOPS can receive support from CIMIC during an international operation. The essay specifically intends to describe PSYOPS and CIMIC individual  characteristics and features. The analysis has been carried out with the help of a descriptive method. To create a theoretical frame for the analysis Cialdinis theory on human influence and Agrells theory on the complexity of the intelligence analysis have been used. The results of the essay show that PSYOPS is in great need of cultural intelligence gained from the appointed target audiences in the operation area. CIMIC has according to the analysis a good potential concerning collecting cultural intelligence thanks to its well-developed circle of contacts and its possibilities to accomplish CIMIC projects.

The specific task of this thesis is to illustrate the complexity of a cooperation between civilian and military entities by examining Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) and their role as an actor among others in the field in a war-torn Afghanistan. By using counterinsurgency strategy as an analytical framework it has been possible to examine the civilian and military contexts closer. Underlying structures concerning the norms and interpretation of reality of the PRTs has been partly revealed. Studies of the PRTs as one significant bearers of "the comprehensive approach", which includes a holistic approach regarding the use of civilian and military capabilities, new conclusions can be drawn on whether a general civil-military approach can be a part of the solution for current and future conflicts. Based on the counterinsurgency strategy, the author has identified three themes as bearing and thus appears through the thesis as a foundation. These are Coordination, Development and Security. The empirical material is filtered through these themes as they are central to counterinsurgency and there by affect the PRT-concept. This study leads to five conclusions regarding the integration of the civilian and military contexts. In summary the conclusions states that it seems to be no starting points for creating a robust culture for cooperation. The absence of common objectives regarding operation, competition between different narratives as well as parallel processes of development and security risks causing a counterproductive outcome. A single resonance must be allowed to emerge from a convergence of civil and military powers as to what should be the civilmilitary mission. With mutual trust and dialogue improved conditions can be shaped to build common ground and goals for what needs to be done in countries with similar problems like Afghanistan.

Europe is currently in a stage of increased military spending due to greater insecurity in the region. Previous studies claim that one consequence of such an increase may be greater reliance on the military in matters that had previously been handled by civil agencies. Are societies in Europe facing a change in which the military will be more involved in crisis incident response? The purpose of this study is to examine if the role of the military in a society depends on the level of militarization of the country. With the foundational question of why the military has different roles within different societies, this study focuses on civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) dealing with CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radioactive and Nuclear)-related issues, in order to investigate the possible relationship between CIMIC and militarization. Empirical data from countries with high- and low levels of militarization are collected, and thereafter analyzed and categorized into “ideal types” of CIMIC. The forms of each country are then compared and put in the context of militarization in order to answer the foundational question. This study initiates the closing of a research gap regarding examination and analysis of the relationship between militarization and CIMIC during CBRN incident response. Additionally, this study marks the initial development of a method, including new “ideal types”, that enables the comparison of CIMIC, opening new doors for analysis of civil-military cooperation.

I regeringens budgetproposition för 2011, erhöll Försvarsmakten uppgiften att införa fyra Militärregioner i Sverige med underliggande regionala staber. ”Regeringen bedömer att skapandet av de regionala staberna innebär att Försvarsmaktens förmåga att samverka med och lämna stöd till andra myndigheter förbättras.” (PROP 2010/11:1 s.33). Syftet med den här studien är att studera hur personer med nyckelpositioner inom de båda myndigheterna (Länsstyrelse och Försvarsmakten) tänker kring införandet av Militärregioner och dess förutsättningar för utveckling av samverkan mellan det civila och militära samhället. Resultatet påvisar att informanterna är relativt överens om att samverkan ska utvecklas och hur det bör ske med ett fokus på gemensam planläggning, utbildning, övningar samt nätverksskapande och utarbetande av gemensamma mål innan något händer. Målsättningen är att klara av att hantera oförutsedda händelser som olyckor och naturkatastrofer när de väl kommer. Informanterna anser även att närheten, i såväl tid som rum, är avgörande för planläggning och den slutliga insatsens resultat. / Through the Budget Bill for 2011, the Armed Forces were granted the task of establishing four Military Regions in Sweden with underlying regional headquarters. “The Government considers that the creation of the regional headquarters means that the Armed Forces' ability to cooperate with and provide support to other authorities will improve.” (PROP 2010/11: 1p.33). The purpose of this study is to explore how people with key positions in the Country Administrative Board and the Armed Forces think about the introduction of Military Regions, and its conditions for development of cooperation between civil and Military society. The result demonstrates that the informants are in relative agreement that collaboration should develop and how this should be done with a focus on joint planning, training, exercises, networking and development of common goals before anything happens. The aim would be to handle unexpected events such as accidents and natural disasters when they do occur. They also believe that proximity, both in time and place, is essential both for the planning and the outcome of an eventual operation.

L’étude de la conflictualité armée dans les pays en développement et des effets des interventions extérieures visant à la circonscrire constitue un enjeu majeur et multidisciplinaire. La complexité des processus sociaux entrelacés dans de tels contextes génère des défis particuliers pour les approches de modélisation et simulation informatique. En effet la forme des conflits actuels, centrés autour des populations locales, a amené les forces de stabilisation à développer des actions dites d'influence, qui se donnent pour but de convaincre les locaux de la légitimité des opérations. Ce travail en retient trois (opérations psychologiques OMI/PSYOPS, opérations civilo-militaires et Key Leader Engagements) et propose une modélisation permettant de représenter la propagation de leurs effets au sein d'une population virtuelle réaliste. Cela nécessite une représentation détaillée des mécanismes psychologiques de persuasion et d’influence et des structures sociales considérées, et constitue donc un apport à l’analyse des processus de communication au sein de réseaux sociaux. On fait le choix d'une simulation sociale orientée agents permettant de représenter d'une part un échantillon composé uniquement d'individus (jusqu’à environ 10 000) dotés de mécanismes de traitement réalistes, et d'autre part la complexité des sphères de sociabilité collective en générant cette population sous forme d'un réseau multicouche. Le modèle conceptuel ainsi conçu permet d’intégrer pour chaque étape des critères pertinents pour la simulation des actions, mais aussi, eut égard à la nature même de celles-ci et de leurs enjeux, d’éclairer certains mécanismes sociaux caractéristiques d’un conflit armé / The study, analysis and understanding of armed violence phenomenons in developing countries and of the effects of international military interventions aimed at resolving them is a crucial contemporary issue. These situations coincidentally present, considering the plethora and complexity of the implicated and intertwined social processes, a challenge for social computing, modeling and simulation. A challenge but also an opportunity, as the evolution of the forms of conflict, today centered on the local populations, has prompted the armies tasked with implementing stabilization missions to develop influence actions. Such operations, overall concerned with persuading the locals of the legitimacy of the operations, allow a more comprehensive approach to conflict resolution, beyond the simple use of force. Modeling some of these specific actions (PSYOPS, CIMIC, and Key Leader Engagement) is a credible project and a contribution to analysis of communication and persuasion processes in social networks by taking into account detailed and specific social and cultural factors. This research thus presents a conceptual model allowing simulation of the effects of these specific actions of influence in a realistic civilian population. We chose an agent-based approach as these lend particularly well with this type of research, allowing us to generate a group of up to 10,000 agents, composed solely of individuals for a detailed cognitive treatment, and structured as a multilayer network for representing complex sociality. Given the nature of such actions and their context of application, such a model also highlights some social mechanisms typical of armed conflict situations