Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:39:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 454131.pdf: 2168503 bytes, checksum: 6bb12016bd2517a9db25c07b7294fa6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-08 / Learning and using two or more languages are experiences that impact linguistic and cognitive functioning. Bilingual and multilingual speakers must select the language to be used and, at the same time, suppress the interference of the language not being used. It has been shown that bilinguals/multilinguals have superior performance compared to monolinguals in tasks that tap into executive functioning, due the joint activation of the languages. In case of tasks with linguistic stimuli, the studies are scarce, and the results are less consensual. In the Brazilian context, the effects of bilingualism have not been always found, especially in the speakers of the variety of the German language called Hunsr?ckisch. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the performance of speakers of Hunsr?ckisch, bilinguals and multilinguals (the multilinguals learned standard German as well), compared to monolinguals in two tasks. The first task was nonlinguistic, the Attentional Network Task (ANT), and the second was a linguistic task, the Sentence Comprehension Task (TCF), in which the participants listen to canonical sentences (active voice) and noncanonical ones (passive voice), in two languages with or without interference of another sentence. Fifty-nine participants were divided in three groups: monolinguals, bilinguals and multilinguals, consisting of adults (mean age = 28.9 years); these participants were mainly from the city of S?o Jos? do Hort?ncio (RS). The participants completed a questionnaire about linguistic and cognitive issues, made a working memory task and the above tasks. With statistical tests, we analyzed the dependent variables response time and accuracy in the two tasks. The results showed that there are no differences between the groups on the accuracy of the ANT. The difference happened on the time it took to respond: multilinguals were faster than monolinguals on all experimental conditions. Bilinguals were faster too, but the difference was not significant. In another task, the TCF, the monolinguals had better overall accuracy. All groups were more accurate and faster in comprehension of canonical sentences in comparison to noncanonical ones, and in comprehension without interference in comparison to comprehension with interference. There were no differences between the groups on the global response times. The results show that multilinguals have an advantage in comparison to monolinguals on the executive processing with nonlinguistic stimuli. It seems they have a more developed ability of the multilinguals on responding faster in a nonlinguistic task, that involves the executive functions, and not necessarily only on the inhibitory control. When the task has linguistic stimuli, the results are not so uniform. In this study, we found that in the Brazilian context of minority languages, especially the multilingualism can provide positive effects on the cognition, especially in the global response times. / A aprendizagem e o uso de duas ou mais l?nguas s?o experi?ncias capazes de impactar o funcionamento lingu?stico e cognitivo. Falantes bil?ngues e multil?ngues precisam selecionar a l?ngua a ser usada e, ao mesmo tempo, suprimir a interfer?ncia da l?ngua que n?o est? em uso durante a situa??o de comunica??o, devido ? coativa??o das l?nguas. Por esse motivo, tem sido constatado que bil?ngues/multil?ngues podem ter desempenho superior em compara??o a monol?ngues em tarefas com situa??es de interfer?ncia, principalmente quando h? est?mulos n?o lingu?sticos. Essas tarefas envolvem o controle inibit?rio e as fun??es executivas em geral. No caso de tarefas com est?mulos lingu?sticos, os estudos s?o mais escassos, e os resultados, menos consensuais. No ?mbito brasileiro, os efeitos positivos do bilinguismo n?o t?m sido sempre encontrados, sobretudo nos bil?ngues falantes da variedade da l?ngua alem? denominada Hunsr?ckisch. Por esse motivo, o objetivo geral deste estudo ? investigar o desempenho de participantes falantes de Hunsr?ckisch, bil?ngues e multil?ngues (falantes de alem?o padr?o com alto n?vel de profici?ncia), em compara??o com monol?ngues, em duas tarefas. A primeira ? uma tarefa n?o lingu?stica, a Attentional Network Task (ANT), e a segunda ? uma tarefa lingu?stica, a Tarefa de Compreens?o de Frases (TCF), na qual os participantes escutam frases can?nicas (voz ativa) e n?o can?nicas (voz passiva) em duas l?nguas com ou sem a interfer?ncia de outra frase. Cinquenta e nove participantes foram divididos em tr?s grupos: monol?ngues, bil?ngues e multil?ngues, compostos por adultos (m?dia de idade = 28,9 anos) residentes principalmente na cidade de S?o Jos? do Hort?ncio (RS). Os participantes preencheram um question?rio sobre aspectos lingu?sticos e cognitivos, realizaram uma tarefa de mem?ria de trabalho e as tarefas supracitadas. Analisamos as vari?veis dependentes tempo de resposta e acur?cia nas duas tarefas. Os resultados revelaram que na acur?cia da tarefa ANT n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os grupos. A diferen?a ocorreu no tempo que levaram para responder: os multil?ngues foram mais r?pidos que os monol?ngues em todas as condi??es experimentais na ANT. Os bil?ngues tamb?m foram mais r?pidos que os monol?ngues, mas a diferen?a n?o foi sempre significativa. Na outra tarefa, a TCF, os monol?ngues tiveram, em geral, mais acur?cia. Todos os grupos foram mais acurados e r?pidos na compreens?o de frases can?nicas e sem interfer?ncia. N?o houve diferen?a entre os grupos nos tempos de resposta globais, ou seja, na totalidade dos resultados. Houve diferen?a significativa na compreens?o de frases n?o can?nicas entre multil?ngues e bil?ngues ao responderem sobre a frase em Hunsr?ckisch, com interfer?ncia em portugu?s. Os resultados mostram que os multil?ngues apresentaram uma vantagem sobre monol?ngues no processamento executivo com est?mulos n?o lingu?sticos. Eles parecem possuir uma habilidade mais desenvolvida em responder mais rapidamente na tarefa n?o lingu?stica, que envolve as fun??es executivas, e n?o necessariamente somente no controle inibit?rio. Na tarefa com est?mulos lingu?sticos, os resultados n?o foram t?o uniformes. Neste estudo, constatamos que, em contexto brasileiro de l?nguas minorit?rias, especialmente o multilinguismo pode proporcionar efeitos positivos na cogni??o, sobretudo nos tempos de resposta globais.

Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-11T11:48:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-VERS?O_FINALLuisEduardo.pdf: 1410228 bytes, checksum: 2182e3ab4fb82033fdb96b0f40cbec8f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-12T14:26:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-VERS?O_FINALLuisEduardo.pdf: 1410228 bytes, checksum: 2182e3ab4fb82033fdb96b0f40cbec8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-12T14:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-VERS?O_FINALLuisEduardo.pdf: 1410228 bytes, checksum: 2182e3ab4fb82033fdb96b0f40cbec8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Early life stress exposure is a global issue and is associated with decreased quality of life and it is considered a risk factor for several diseases. There are several evidences in the literature suggesting that early life stress impact brain development, as well as cognition and motricity. The neurobiological mechanisms behind these effects are poorly understood. Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of an experimental model of early life stress on cognitive abilities and walk adaptability during adolescence, looking at the gene expression of targets related to learning and memory in different brain regions. Methods: Briefly, we exposed male C56BL/6 mice to the limited bedding protocol postnatal day (PND)2 to PND9 and then tested animals in the radial 8-arm maze, Y-maze and Step-Down avoidance task and Ladder Rung Walking Test at the end of adolescence. RT-qPCR was used to investigate BDNF exon IV, Drd1 and Drd2 gene expression in the mPFC, Motor Cortex and Cerebellum 2h after the task. Results: Mice raised in Limited Bedding conditions presented fewer perseverative errors compared to our reference group. This effect was followed by an increased BDNF exon IV expression in the mPFC with no differences in Drd1 and Drd2. When looking at the ability of adapt walking of mice, we found two distinct subgroups of animals that presented a superior performance (SP) when compared to controls or an inferior performance (IP). We observed that Drd1 expression is increased in the mPFC of IP animals and in the cerebellum of SP with no differences regarding Drd2 expression on mPFC, motor cortex and cerebellum. We observed that both SP and IP groups increased BDNF expression in the mPFC together with a significant difference between SP and IP groups in BDNF expression on motor cortex. We found a strong negative correlation between BDNF exon IV expression in the motor cortex and walking adaptability. No differences between groups regarding TrkB mRNA expression in any brain region investigated were observed although there is a positive correlation between TrkB expression in the mPFC and a better ability to adapt walking. Conclusions: Our study showed that mice exposed to Limited Bedding showed fewer perseveration and increased BDNF exon IV expression in the mPFC during adolescence. Also, our data suggest that exposure to Limited Bedding early in life can lead to distinct phenotypes followed by differential expression in Drd1 and BDNF in brain regions involved in the regulation of walking adaptability. / Introdu??o: A exposi??o ao estresse no in?cio da vida est? associado a uma diminui??o na qualidade de vida e ? considerada como fator de risco para diversas patologias. Ainda que o impacto do estresse precoce no desenvolvimento cerebral e cognitivo, bem como no sistema motor, esteja bem documentado na literatura, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos neurobiol?gicos mediadores destes efeitos. Objetivos: Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o impacto de um modelo experimental de estresse precoce no funcionamento cognitivo e na adaptabilidade da marcha na adolesc?ncia, avaliando a express?o g?nica de alvos relacionados ? mem?ria e aprendizagem em diferentes regi?es do c?rebro. M?todos: Camundongos machos da linhagem C57BL/6 foram expostos ao modelo de Limited Bedding do P2 ao P9 e testados no Labirinto Radial de 8 bra?os, Labirinto Y, Esquiva Inibit?ria e Escada Horizontal no final da adolesc?ncia. RT-qPCR foi realizado para investigar a express?o g?nica do exon IV do BDNF, Drd1 e Drd2 nas regi?es do mPFC, C?rtex Motor e Cerebelo. Resultados: Camundongos expostos ao modelo de Limited Bedding na inf?ncia cometeram menos erros perseverativos quando comparados ao grupo controle. Este efeito foi seguido por um aumento na express?o do exon IV do BDNF no mPFC, embora nenhuma diferen?a entre Drd1 e Drd2 tenha sido observada. Ao observar a adaptabilidade da marcha, encontramos dois subgrupos distintos de animais que apresentaram desempenho superior (SP) quando comparados aos controles ou desempenho inferior (IP). Observamos uma express?o exarcebada de Drd1 no mPFC de animais com performance inferior e aumento na express?o de Drd1 no cerebelo de animais com performance superior, sem diferen?as em rela??o ? express?o de Drd2 no mPFC, c?rtex motor e cerebelo. Observamos que ambos os grupos aumentaram a express?o do BDNF no mPFC, juntamente com uma diferen?a significativa entre os grupos SP e IP na express?o do BDNF no c?rtex motor. Encontramos uma forte correla??o negativa entre a express?o do exon IV do BDNF no c?rtex motor e a adaptabilidade da marcha. N?o foram observadas diferen?as entre os grupos em rela??o ? express?o de TrkB nas regi?es do c?rebro investigadas, embora haja uma correla??o positiva entre a express?o de TrkB no mPFC e uma melhor capacidade de adapta??o da marcha. Conclus?o: Nosso estudo demonstrou que camundongos expostos ao Limited Bedding apresentaram menos comportamentos perseverativos e aumento da express?o do exon IV do BDNF na adolesc?ncia. Al?m disso, nossos dados sugerem que a exposi??o ao Limited Bedding pode levar a fen?tipos distintos na tarefa de adaptabilidade da marcha, seguido de uma express?o diferenciada de Drd1 e BDNF em regi?es cerebrais envolvidas na adaptabilidade da marcha.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelicaVCS_DISSERT.pdf: 2105616 bytes, checksum: b2b0f7446903336c6b6bfed546f45efd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Background: The gait automaticity loss difficults realization of concurrent activities - Dual Task (DT). In these situations, individuals with Parkinson`s disease (PD) show a significant reduction in gait velocity and stride length, as strides variability and asymmetry increased, factors predisposing to falls. However, recent studies have shown that training involving DT may cause subsequent improvements in gait variables with DT in individuals with PD. The treadmill use was adopted by this study, by promoting greater regularity in step and enhance training. Objective:To investigate immediate effects of gait training associated with cognitive tasks on gait in individuals with PD. Methods: Twenty-two volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 11), who performed gait training on a treadmill for 20 minutes, and the experimental group (n = 11), who performed treadmill gait training for 20 minutes associated with cognitive tasks of verbal fluency, memory, and spatial planning. Participants were evaluated in phase on of antiparkinsonian medication as the demographic, clinical and anthropometric (identification form), cognitive status (Montreal Cognitive Assessment - MoCA), executive function (Frontal Assessment Battery), level of physical disability (Hoehn and Yahr Modified), motor and functional status (Unified Rating Scale for Parkinson`s Disease - UPDRS), and kinematics (Qualisys Motion Capture System). Results: There were not differences between groups, but both showed improvement after the intervention. The control group had an increase in velocity (p = 0.008), stride length (p = 0.04), step length (p = 0.02) and decreased double support time(p = 0.03). The experimental group showed an increase in speed (p = 0.002), stride length (p = 0.008), step length (p = 0.02) and cadence (p = 0.01), as well as a decrease in the width stride (p = 0.001) and total support time (p = 0.02). As the angular variables, the experimental group had a significant increase in the initial contact angle of ankle (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The gait training combined with cognitive activities didn`t provide significant improvements in gait variables with DT, but this study was the first to demonstrate that gait training on treadmill as simple task minimized the negative interference of DT in PD / Introdu??o: A perda na automaticidade da marcha dificulta a realiza??o de atividades concorrentes - Dupla Tarefa (DT). Nessas situa??es, indiv?duos com Doen?a de Parkinson (DP) apresentam significativa redu??o na velocidade da marcha e no comprimento do passo, assim como aumento na variabilidade entre as passadas e na assimetria, fatores predisponentes a quedas. No entanto, estudos recentes t?m demonstrado que o treinamento envolvendo DT pode ocasionar posteriores melhoras nas vari?veis da marcha com DT em indiv?duos com DP. O uso da esteira foi adotado por este estudo, por promover maior regularidade no passo e potencializar o treino. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos imediatos do treino de marcha em esteira associado a tarefas cognitivas na marcha com DT de indiv?duos com DP. Materiais e m?todos: Vinte e dois volunt?rios foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (n=11), que realizou treino de marcha em esteira durante 20 minutos; e Grupo Experimental (n=11), que realizou treino de marcha em esteira durante 20 minutos associado a tarefas cognitivas de flu?ncia verbal, mem?ria e planejamento espacial. Os participantes foram avaliados na fase on do medicamento antiparkinsoniano quanto a dados demogr?ficos, cl?nicos e antropom?tricos (formul?rio de identifica??o), condi??o cognitiva (Montreal Cognitive Assessment - MoCA), fun??es executivas (Bateria de Avalia??o Frontal), n?vel de incapacidade f?sica (Escala de Hoehn e Yahr Modificada), estado motor e funcional (Escala Unificada de Avalia??o para a Doen?a de Parkinson UPDRS), e cinemetria (Qualisys Motion Capture System). Resultados: N?o houve diferen?as entre os grupos, mas ambos apresentaram melhoras ap?s a interven??o. O grupo controle obteve aumento na velocidade (p=0,008), no comprimento da passada (p=0,04), no comprimento do passo (p=0,02) e diminui??o no tempo de duplo suporte (p=0,03). O grupo experimental apresentou aumento na velocidade (p=0,002), no comprimento da passada (p=0,008), no comprimento do passo (p=0,02) e na cad?ncia (p=0,01), assim como diminui??o na largura da passada (p=0,001) e no tempo total de apoio (p=0,02). Quanto ?s vari?veis angulares, o grupo experimental teve um aumento significativo no ?ngulo do contato inicial do tornozelo (p=0,01). Conclus?o: O treino de marcha associado a atividades cognitivas n?o proporcionou melhoras significativas nas vari?veis da marcha com DT, mas este estudo foi o primeiro a demonstrar que o treino de marcha como tarefa simples na esteira minimizou a interfer?ncia negativa da DT na DP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaBFM.pdf: 183510 bytes, checksum: 25d17456b26e665dea3d1b33500465c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-07 / The cats (Felis catus) were domesticated about 9,500 years ago due to the advent of agriculture, being used to control the pests that devastated the food harvested. These animals went through an artificial selection and over generations and millennia had their behavior and morphology changed by humans. This process of domestication by man gave rise to a special ability, the understanding of human pointing gestures, clearly noticed while we feed our pets. Our goal in this study was to assess the comprehension of pointing gestures by cats and also verify the influence that social interactions exerts on the development of this ability. We found that experimental subjects from both groups, solitary animals and social animals, were able to follow human indication in order to find hidden food. However, social interaction had no effect on cats performances. The ability tested here probably evolved during the process of domestication of this species, and social interaction seems to exert little or no influence upon its expression / AOs gatos (Felis catus) foram domesticados h? cerca de 9.500 anos devido ? agricultura, onde eram utilizados no combate ?s pragas que assolavam os alimentos colhidos. Esses animais passaram por uma sele??o artificial e ao longo das gera??es e mil?nios tiveram seus comportamentos e morfologia modificadas pelos humanos. O processo de domestica??o pelo homem fez surgir uma habilidade em especial, a compreens?o de sinais gestuais humanos, que ? bem observada nos momentos em que alimentamos nossos animais. Nosso objetivo neste estudo foi testar a resposta ? sinaliza??o gestual (comportamento de apontar) em gatos, emitida por humanos e tamb?m verificar a influ?ncia do conv?vio social sobre o desenvolvimento desta habilidade. Observamos que os sujeitos experimentais de ambos os grupos, animais solit?rios e de conv?vio em grupo, foram capazes de seguir os sinais de indica??o humana para localizar o alimento escondido. Por?m, a forma de conv?vio social n?o influenciou no desempenho dos gatos. A habilidade aqui testada, possivelmente evoluiu durante o processo de domestica??o dessa esp?cie, e a intera??o social parece exercer pouca ou nenhuma influ?ncia sobre a sua express?o

Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-17T17:25:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Thiago Viola Final.pdf: 3221820 bytes, checksum: 98e6a1c6936e1a12973e6fe2d7d12ce5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-30T16:45:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Thiago Viola Final.pdf: 3221820 bytes, checksum: 98e6a1c6936e1a12973e6fe2d7d12ce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-30T16:49:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Thiago Viola Final.pdf: 3221820 bytes, checksum: 98e6a1c6936e1a12973e6fe2d7d12ce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: Child development in adverse environments and conditions, such as with the lack of economic resources or with parental care deprivation, is considered a major risk factor for neurological and psychiatric diseases. Altered cognitive processing is thought to mediate this relationship, however, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of early adverse experiences on cognition have not yet been fully revealed. Evidence indicates that dopaminergic neurotransmission and the corticotrophinergic system have important functions in the neurobiology of decision-making and risk assessment, which are cognitive processes associated with the functionality of the cerebral cortex. Similarly, working memory is another cognitive domain that underlies cortical activity, and some studies indicate that alterations in neuroimmunologic signaling may contribute to the decline of these higher order cognitive functions. Objectives: To investigate the effects of impoverished housing conditions during early life on risk assessment processing and its associated cortical neurobiological and epigenetic mechanisms in C57BL/6 adolescent mice. In addition, we investigated the effects maternal care deprivation during early life, and the effects of systemic activation of the toll-type receptor (TLR)-3 on working memory performance, and its associated cortical neurobiological mechanisms in male BALB/c mice. Methods: Two studies with rodent experimental models were proposed. The first study used a model of impoverished housing from the postnatal day (P) 2 to P9. During adolescence, risk assessment was investigated using a behavioral paradigm that explores the conflict between two biologically relevant stimuli: the motivation to consume a sweet and highly palatable solution while being threatened by predatory olfactory cues. The expression of dopaminergic (Drd1, Drd2) and corticotrophinergic (Cfr, Crfr1) genes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were investigated by real-time PCR. The accumulation of histone marks (H3K9me3, H3R2me2s) were assessed at the promoter region of genes associated with behavioral outcomes. In addition, plasma corticosterone levels were assessed by ELISA. In the second study, a rodent model of maternal care deprivation from P2 to P15 was applied. During adolescence, animals were injected with a TLR-3 agonist, which is a viral receptor implicated with inflammatory signaling, and then tested in a working memory task. The expression of pro-inflammatory genes (Nfkb1, Il6 and Tnf-?) and the receptor itself (Tlr3), were performed in the mPFC by real-time PCR. Results: In the first study, we found increased anxiety-like behavior, increased HPA axis response to stress and impaired RA processing in female adolescent mice, with no effect in males. These sex-specific effects were associated with increased Crfr1 mRNA expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which correlated with an increase in the occupancy of the histone mark H3R2me2s, a histone modification known to be involved in transcriptional activation and epigenetic priming, within the promoter of the Crfr1 gene. In the second study, we found that systemic administration of a TLR-3 agonist can modulate and exacerbate early life stress induced working memory impairments, and that higher gene expression levels of Nfkb1 in the mPFC was associated a lower working memory performance. Conclusions: The findings of the first study indicated a deleterious effect of impoverished housing exposure on risk assessment processing in females, which could be detrimental for cognitive performance in potentially dangerous situations, and suggest that the epigenetic priming of the Crfr1 gene may represent a critical factor mediating the relationship between early life stress and altered cognitive processing later in life in females. Finally, the findings of the second study demonstrated that the systemic activation of TLR-3 can induce working memory impairments, revealing an important mediating role of the neuroinflammatory signalling in the cerebral cortex associated with the cognitive changes resulting from maternal care deprivation exposure during early in life. / Introdu??o: O desenvolvimento infantil em ambientes e condi??es adversas, como frente a escassez de recursos econ?micos ou de cuidado parental, ? considerado fator de risco para doen?as neurol?gicas e psiqui?tricas. Altera??es em processos cognitivos parecem mediar esta rela??o, contudo, os mecanismos neurobiol?gicos adjacentes aos efeitos de experi?ncias adversas precoces sobre a cogni??o ainda n?o foram completamente revelados. Evid?ncias apontam que a neurotransmiss?o dopamin?rgica e o sistema corticotrofin?rgico possuem importantes fun??es na neurobiologia da tomada de decis?o e avalia??o do risco, que s?o processos cognitivos associados a funcionalidade do c?rtex cerebral. Similarmente, a mem?ria de trabalho ? outro dom?nio cognitivo que envolve atividade cortical, e alguns estudos apontam que altera??es na sinaliza??o neuroimunol?gica podem contribuir para o decl?nio destas fun??es cognitivas superiores. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito da exposi??o a moradia empobrecida na inf?ncia sobre o processamento cognitivo de avalia??o do risco e mecanismos neurobiol?gicos e epigen?ticos corticais associados em camundongos adolescentes da linhagem C57BL/6. Al?m disso, investigar o efeito da priva??o do cuidado materno na inf?ncia e da ativa??o sist?mica do receptor do tipo toll (TLR)-3 sobre a mem?ria de trabalho e mecanismos neurobiol?gicos corticais associados em camundongos machos adolescentes da linhagem BALB/c. M?todos: Foram propostos dois estudos com modelos experimentais murinos. O primeiro estudo utilizou um modelo de moradia empobrecida do dia p?s-natal (P) 2 ao P9. Quando os animais encontravam-se no per?odo da adolesc?ncia, o processamento de avalia??o do risco foi investigado por uma tarefa que explora um conflito entre dois est?mulos biologicamente fundamentais na vida de um roedor, a motiva??o de consumir uma solu??o doce e altamente palat?vel (leite condensado) tendo que se expor a pistas olfativas de um predador natural, o coiote. Os n?veis de express?o de genes dopamin?rgicos (Drd1, Drd2) e corticotrofin?rgicos (Cfr, Crfr1) no c?rtex medial pr?-frontal (mPFC) foram investigados por PCR em tempo real. Os n?veis de altera??es de histonas (H3K9me3, H3R2me2s) foram avaliados na regi?o promotora de genes associados aos desfechos comportamentais. Adicionalmente, os n?veis de corticosterona plasm?tica foram avaliados por ELISA. No segundo estudo, o modelo de adversidade utilizado foi o de priva??o do cuidado materno do P2 ao P15. Similarmente, quando os animais encontravam-se no per?odo da adolesc?ncia, ocorreu a administra??o sist?mica de um agonista de TLR-3, um receptor viral relacionado a sinaliza??o inflamat?ria, e posteriormente os animais foram testados em uma tarefa de mem?ria de trabalho. Os n?veis de express?o g?nica de genes pr?-inflamat?rios (Nfkb1, Il6 e Tnf-?) e do pr?prio receptor (Tlr3), foram avaliados no mPFC por PCR em tempo real. Resultados: no primeiro estudo, observou-se um aumento de comportamentos do tipo ansioso, maior responsividade do eixo Hipot?lamo-Pituit?ria-Adrenal (HPA) e uma diminui??o do processamento de avalia??o do risco nas f?meas expostas a moradia empobrecida, ao passo que n?o ocorreram altera??es nos animais machos. A diminui??o de avalia??o do risco foi associada a um aumento na express?o de Crfr1 no mPFC, o que se correlacionou com um aumento dos n?veis de H3R2me2s na regi?o promotora deste gene. No segundo estudo, observou-se que a ativa??o sist?mica de TLR-3 exacerbou os preju?zos de mem?ria de trabalho decorrentes da exposi??o a priva??o do cuidado materno, e este efeito correlacionou-se aos n?veis de express?o de Nfkb1 no mPFC. Conclus?es: os achados do estudo 1 indicam um efeito delet?rio da exposi??o a moradia prec?ria na inf?ncia sobre o processamento de avalia??o do risco em f?meas, revelando um preju?zo espec?fico referente ao engajamento cognitivo frente a situa??es potencialmente perigosas. Al?m disso, evidenciou-se um efeito a n?vel epigen?tico de regula??o da express?o cortical de Crfr1, indicando um importante papel deste gene sobre a rela??o entre pobreza na inf?ncia e altera??es cognitivas em f?meas adolescentes. Por fim, os achados do estudo 2 demonstraram que a ativa??o sist?mica do TLR-3 pode exacerbar os preju?zos de mem?ria de trabalho induzidos pelo estresse precoce, revelando um papel mediador da sinaliza??o neuroinflamat?ria no c?rtex cerebral relacionada as altera??es cognitivas decorrentes da exposi??o a priva??o do cuidado materno.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-04-04T11:51:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES BARBOSA NASCIMENTO DOS SANTOS.pdf: 5285149 bytes, checksum: d224eb611ad840d86fa9cacfe3b79d1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T11:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES BARBOSA NASCIMENTO DOS SANTOS.pdf: 5285149 bytes, checksum: d224eb611ad840d86fa9cacfe3b79d1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The increase of the population's average age, there was a prevalence increment on the chronic nerological disorders, degenerative such as the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The deepening on the knowledge of the processes of lifestyle, regarding the nutritional state and its relations with the cognition are important for the guidance and conducting of the elderly people. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of elderly patients with AD and its relationship with the clinical aspects, neurocognitive, behavioral and lifestyle. 43 elderlies from the Clinical Neurology Ambulatory of the Celso Pierro Hospital and Maternity (PUCCampinas) were evaluated with the diagnosis of light, moderate and severe AD, according to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and 51 controls matched by age, gender, schooling and socioeconomic level, whith no history of cognitive decline. The procedures used were: clinical evaluation, mental State mini-exam, simple drawing memory, verbal fluency, clock drawing, functional ability, neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), CDR, socioeconomic evaluation, physical and social activity (International Questionnaire of Physical Activity - IQPA short version), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Body mass Index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC), Arm Circumference (AC), Calf Circumference (CC), Triciptal Cutaneous Fold (TCF), Subscapular cutaneous fold (SCF), Muscular Arm circumference (MAC), Corrected Arm Muscle Area (CAMA), Thumb Adductor Muscle (TAM), Palmar Holding Force (PHF) and Bioelectric Impedance. Comparison were made between Alzheimer's Disease Group (ADG) and Control Group (CG) with sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle, cognitive, MNA, Nutritional indicators and nutritional indicators by gender Comparisons were made between CG and AD stages according to the CDR with nutritional variables, It were also performed correlations between PHF with anthropometric variables on the ADG and CG and between cognitive and anthropometric variables on the ADG. With suitable statistical tests the situation and level of significance of 5% in all cases. It was noticed that the ADG develops less social activity and has a smaller relationship network, less physically active, and has poor performance in Daily life activities, mostly in instrumental activities. GDA showed malnutrition with a decrease in total food intake and higher daily intake of some foods on the MNA. Among genders, woman showed diferences in most anthropometric measurements with lower values in the ADG. In the comparison between CG and fazes of ADG there were differences in some measures with lower values in the severe ADG, and higher in the CG. In the comparison between CG and ADG, CG versus light and moderate ADG versus severe ADG there was a difference for some anthropometric measurements. There were no differences between Light and Moderate stages. The Lean Mass (LM) composition measurements were lower in the ADG. No difference was seen on the WC and reactance comparison. There were correlations between PHF and anthropometric variables in the ADG but not between nutritional variables with socioeconomic aspects, behavioral, NPI, social and physical activities. The findings suggests a significant association between social and leisure activities during the eld and a lower dementia risk. In the MNA the lowest score indicates greater deterioration of mental state. As per the feeding, it was noticed that, possibly, ADG feeds with lower amount and higher quality, suggesting a better selection of food by the caregiver. The authors reports a significant difference between BMI in AD phases, with reduction in BMI at the severe stage compared to light and moderate. In the study, there was a greater presence of elderly individuals at malnutrition risk in the AD group when compared to the CG, suggesting that the malnutrition is a factor of risk to the dementia progression. The nutritionals variables were progressively more committed with the advancement of cognitive deficits, since there was a LM reduction trend with the AD progression, more evident in the transition from moderate to severe. / Com o aumento da idade m?dia da popula??o houve incremento de preval?ncia de afec??es neurol?gicas cr?nicas, degenerativas, como a Doen?a de Alzheimer (DA). O aprofundamento do conhecimento dos processos do estilo de vida no que se refere ao estado nutricional e de suas rela??es com a cogni??o s?o de import?ncia para orienta??o e conduta desses idosos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o estado nutricional de idosos com DA e sua rela??o com aspectos cl?nicos, neurocognitivos, comportamentais e de estilo de vida. Foram avaliados 43 idosos procedentes do ambulat?rio de Neurologia Cl?nica do Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro (PUC-Campinas) com diagn?stico de DA leve, moderado e grave, segundo o Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) e 51 controles pareados por idade, g?nero, escolaridade e n?vel socioecon?mico, sem hist?ria de decl?nio cognitivo. Os procedimentos foram avalia??o cl?nica, Mini-Exame do estado mental, mem?ria do desenho simples, Flu?ncia Verbal, desenho do rel?gio, capacidade funcional, Invent?rio Neuropsiqui?trico (INP), CDR, avalia??o socioecon?mica, atividade f?sica (Question?rio Internacional de Atividade F?sica ? IPAQ vers?o curta) e sociais, Mini Avalia??o Nutricional (MAN), ?ndice de Massa Corp?rea (IMC), Circunfer?ncia da Cintura (CC), Circunfer?ncia do Bra?o (CB), Circunfer?ncia da Panturrilha (CP), Dobra Cut?nea Tricipital (DCT), Dobra Cut?nea Subescapular (DCSE), Circunfer?ncia Muscular do Bra?o (CMB), ?rea Muscular do Bra?o corrigida (AMBc), M?sculo Adutor do Polegar (MAP), For?a de Preens?o Palmar (FPP) e Imped?ncia Bioel?trica. Foi realizada a compara??o entre Grupo Doen?a de Alzheimer (GDA) e Grupo Controle (GC) com aspectos sociodemogr?ficos, estilo de vida, cognitivos, comportamentais, MAN, indicadores nutricionais e indicadores nutricionais por g?nero. Foram feitas compara??es entre GC e est?gios da DA de acordo com CDR com as vari?veis nutricionais, tamb?m foram realizadas correla??es entre FPP com vari?veis antropom?tricas no GDA e GC e entre vari?veis cognitivas e antropom?tricas no GDA. Com testes estat?sticos adequados a situa??o e n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% em todos os casos. Foi observado que o GDA desenvolve menos atividade social e tem rede de relacionamento menor, ? fisicamente menos ativo e tem desempenho inferior nas Atividades de Vida Di?ria, principalmente nas atividades instrumentais. O GDA apresentou desnutri??o com diminui??o da ingest?o alimentar total e maior ingest?o di?ria de alguns alimentos, na MAN. Entre os g?neros, as mulheres apresentaram diferen?a em mais medidas antropom?tricas, com valores menores no GDA. Na compara??o entre GC e fases do GDA, houve diferen?a em algumas medidas com valores menores no GDA grave e maior no GC. Na compara??o entre GC e GDA, GC versus GDA leve e moderado e GDA leve e moderado versus GDA grave houve diferen?a para algumas medidas antropom?tricas. N?o houve diferen?a entre os est?gios leve e moderado. As medidas de composi??o de Massa Magra (MM) foram menores no GDA. CC e Reat?ncia n?o apresentaram diferen?a em nenhuma compara??o. Houve correla??es entre FPP e vari?veis antropom?tricas nos GDA e n?o houve entre vari?veis nutricionais com aspectos socioecon?micos, comportamentais, INP, atividades sociais e f?sicas. Os achados da literatura sugerem uma associa??o significativa entre atividades sociais e de lazer durante a velhice e o menor risco de dem?ncia. Na MAN a menor pontua??o indica maior deteriora??o do estado mental. Quanto a alimenta??o, foi observado que possivelmente o GDA se alimenta com menor quantidade e maior qualidade, sugerindo uma melhor sele??o dos alimentos pelo cuidador. Os autores relatam diferen?a significativa entre IMC nas fases da DA, com redu??o no IMC no est?gio grave comparado ao leve e moderado. No estudo houve maior presen?a de idosos em risco de desnutri??o no grupo com DA quando comparados ao GC, sugerindo que a desnutri??o ? um fator de risco para a progress?o da dem?ncia. As vari?veis nutricionais foram progressivamente mais comprometidas com o avan?ar dos d?ficits cognitivos, pois houve uma tend?ncia a redu??o de MM com a progress?o da DA, sendo mais evidente na transi??o da fase moderada para o grave.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Rosa Campos.pdf: 1913454 bytes, checksum: 4037878e0613d0d940a0f00003338e9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-13 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Considering the gap in cognitive assessment of special needs population, this study s aimed to build three subtests (verbal, memory and logical space) to evaluate the intelligence of visually impaired children. In order to achieve this goal, four studies were conducted: (1) research and knowledge of methods and materials used in visually impaired children s education, in order that this information could contribute to the construction of the subtests; (2) subtests construction, based on current theories of intelligence and information obtained from Study 1; (3) pilot study aiming to assess the suitability of its subtests and items among 14 visually impaired children, aged 7 to 12 years old (M = 10.28 years, SD = 1.58), six females and eight males. Within those, ten classified with low vision, eight with congenital and two with acquired disease. Four children were classified with total blindness, two with acquired deficiency and two with congenital deficiency; (4) performance comparison between blind and sighted children (n=17, M=9.94 years, SD=1.43; all female) in relation to the difficulties encountered, number of hits and subtests runtime. The results showed, by testing mean difference, in general, fitness subtests of the target population, with little need for modification of items. It was found a better performance on children with vision capability in relation to children with visual impairments. In relation to type of blindness, children with congenital deficiency showed better results when compared to children with acquired disabilities. Regarding the degree of disability, children with low vision performed better than complete blind children. Although it was possible to note the influence of age and education level in verbal subtest and sex variable in memory subtest. We conclude that this study brought relevant data regarding the importance of a specific instrument for the assessment of intelligence on children with visual impairment. Studies with larger samples can enrich and contribute to the validity of the instrument built. / Diante da lacuna existente na avalia??o cognitiva de popula??es especiais, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo a constru??o de tr?s subtestes (verbal, mem?ria e l?gico-espacial) para avalia??o da intelig?ncia de crian?as deficientes visuais. Como forma de atingir tal objetivo, quatro estudos foram conduzidos: (1) investiga??o e conhecimento de metodologias e materiais utilizados na educa??o de crian?as com defici?ncia visual, com a finalidade de que tais informa??es pudessem contribuir para a constru??o dos subtestes; (2) constru??o dos subtestes, baseados nas teorias atuais de intelig?ncia e nas informa??es obtidas a partir do Estudo 1; (3) estudo piloto com o objetivo de erificar a adequa??o dos subtestes e de seus itens junto a 14 crian?as deficientes visuais, na faixa et?ria de 7 a 12 anos (M= 10,28 anos; DP=1,58), sendo seis do sexo feminino e oito do sexo masculino, sendo dessas, dez classificadas com baixa vis?o, oito com defici?ncia cong?nita e duas com doen?a adquirida, quatro crian?as classificadas com cegueira total, sendo duas com defici?ncia adquirida e duas com defici?ncia cong?nita; (4) compara??o do desempenho de crian?as deficientes visuais com crian?as videntes (n=17; M= 9,94 anos; DP=1,43; todas do sexo feminino) em rela??o ?s dificuldades encontradas, n?mero de acertos e tempo de execu??o dos subtestes. Os resultados apontaram, atrav?s de testes de diferen?a de m?dia, de um modo geral, adequa??o dos subtestes ? popula??o alvo, com pequenas necessidades de altera??o dos itens. Tamb?m encontrou-se melhor desempenho dos videntes em rela??o ?s crian?as com defici?ncia visual, bem como, em rela??o ao tipo de cegueira, crian?as com defici?ncia cong?nita apresentaram melhores resultados quando comparados com aquelas que apresentam defici?ncia adquirida. Em rela??o ao grau de defici?ncia, crian?as com baixa vis?o tiveram melhor desempenho que as crian?as com cegueira. Ainda foi poss?vel notar a influ?ncia das vari?veis idade e escolaridade no subteste Verbal e da vari?vel sexo no subteste de Mem?ria. Conclui-se que o presente estudo trouxe dados relevantes quanto ? import?ncia de um instrumento espec?fico de avalia??o da intelig?ncia para crian?as com defici?ncia visual e que, estudos com amostras maiores podem enriquecer e contribuir para a validade do instrumento constru?do.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KeityMFS.pdf: 1141287 bytes, checksum: 00c052907580c678aaf9fa34f505b0fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-08-18 / This legal research aims to demonstrate the prohibition in the Brazilian criminal system of a multiple imputation for the same fact in a simultaneous or successive way. For that it is developed a different idea of the subject. Through comparative, eletronic and bibliographical researches, the dissertation was accomplished in a way to establish the content of the foundations of the criminal procedural emphasizing as fundamental premise the values of the Constitution. In the first section it was demonstrated the limits of the theme and the objective of the research. After that, it was analyzed the basic function of the criminal suit which has the important mission of limiting state's punitive power. In the same way, the criminal procedure corresponds to a warranty of the citizens' freedom. In the same section, it is shown how it is possible to abandon the myth of the real truth in the criminal law system. In the third section of the research, there were pointed elements and definitions about the cognition object, specially the litigious object or "thema decidendum", and also the peculiarities of the judged cases. In the fourth section the subject about origins and evolution of the criminal procedure and its objectives in the legal system is developed to demonstrate its perspectives. Some aspects of the identity's concept of the presupposition of the facts are as well demonstrated in order to relate the theme to the prohibition of multiple imputation. There are also considerations about some other important aspects as the incidence of the legal rules and the possible change on the elements of the penal type. There are several comments about legal procedural in other legal systems comparing them to Brazilian's most elevated Courts. In the end it was systematized the limits to criminal imputation, emphasizing the defende's right as a foundation of the legal system. Is was registered that the ius persequendi can be exercised once / A presente disserta??o tem por objeto o estudo da proibi??o da m?ltipla persecu??o penal, pelo mesmo fato, seja de forma simult?nea ou sucessiva. Para tanto, atrav?s do m?todo dial?tico, foram realizadas pesquisas com o objetivo de estabelecer o conte?do do princ?pio ne bis in idem, em sua vertente processual penal, sempre tendo como premissa fundamental os valores albergados nos princ?pios e regras constitucionais. Assentados, no in?cio da primeira se??o do trabalho, a delimita??o do tema e o objetivo da pesquisa, analisou-se, em seguida, a fun??o basilar do processo penal, o qual, numa vis?o garantista, tem a relevante miss?o de limitar frear - a f?ria do poder punitivo estatal, correspondendo a um efetivo instrumento de garantia da liberdade dos cidad?os, quando subjugados ao ius persequendi. Nessa mesma se??o, restaram destacadas a consagra??o do modelo acusat?rio de processo pela Constitui??o Brasileira de 1988 e a necessidade de abandonar o mito da verdade real, como princ?pio informador do processo penal constitucional. Na segunda se??o da pesquisa, foram apontados os elementos definidores do objeto de cogni??o, especialmente do objeto litigioso ou thema decidendum, havendo, tamb?m, sido abordadas as peculiaridades do instituto da coisa julgada no processo penal. Dando continuidade ? pesquisa, na terceira se??o, discorreu-se sobre a origem e evolu??o do princ?pio ne bis in idem, centrando-se no tema da pesquisa, qual seja, sua manifesta??o no processo penal e a interpreta??o que se deve atribuir aos termos que comp?em sua express?o: rela??o processual com unidade de sujeito e de fato, atrav?s de senten?a definitiva. Deu-se ?nfase, sobretudo, aos aspectos controvertidos do conceito de identidade do fato como pressuposto da proibi??o de m?ltipla persecu??o, abordando-se, dentre outros aspectos, a incid?ncia de concurso aparente de normas e a altera??o dos elementos do tipo penal. Constam, ainda, dessa se??o, lineamentos gerais acerca da aplica??o do princ?pio ne bis in idem processual no direito comparado e nas cortes brasileiras. Por ?ltimo, sistematizou-se o sentido e alcance do princ?pio ne bis in idem, como limite ? persecu??o penal, al?m de terem sido apresentadas sugest?es, inclusive, de lege ferenda, a fim de que seja efetivamente garantido o direito fundamental assegurado ? defesa, no sentido de que, pelo mesmo substrato f?tico, o ius persequendi somente poder? ser exercido uma vez

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaMBV.pdf: 716170 bytes, checksum: b171d43fe0eb6f6301e64e00b9a62b55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-19 / This research aims at investigating the constructions with adverbials in ly, based on the view of contemporaneous linguistic functionalism, such as proposed by Giv?n, Hopper, Thompson, Traugott, Furtado da Cunha, as well as the cognitivist notion of language, through construction grammar support upon the patterns of Goldberg and the prototypes theory. The cognitive functional approach adopted here considers the change as a proper and inherent phenomenon of language and understands the linguistic phenomenon as resulting from effective use of language. Another aspect to be considered to the realization of this study is the fact that the formation adjective + ly is a word construction mechanism really productive, which generates interests on linguistic description. In a particular way, our leading objective is to exam the constructions with adverbials in ly in the context of language in use, in its oral and written forms, looking for to apprehend the meaning multiple manifestations forged in the use. Bearing this in mind, we worked with data from the Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica (Natal). There are, in the data, adverbs ended in ly that take the signification of mode, as foreseen in traditional models, but there are also other significations, for instance, the modalizador in its different manifestations. The results show that this adverb is a linguistic mark that carries in its constitution the multiss?mico and multifunctional character, which interferes extremely in the ordination of this category, assuming a position sometimes pre-verbal, sometimes post-verbal. Other aspect observed refers to the relationship between the adverb and the verb, with emphasis on the compatibility or restriction between them, option which is related to the semantic aspect. The data in analysis legitimate the use in different constructions with adverb ended in ly in various genres, as follows: personal experience narrative, retold narrative, local description, proceeding account, opinion account, both in oral as in written language / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar as constru??es com adverbiais em mente , sob o enfoque do funcionalismo ling??stico contempor?neo, tal como proposto por Giv?n, Hopper, Thompson, Traugott, Furtado da Cunha, bem como sob a no??o cognitivista da linguagem atrav?s do suporte da gram?tica de constru??o nos moldes de Goldberg e a teoria dos prot?tipos. A abordagem cognitivo-funcional aqui adotada considera a mudan?a como fen?meno pr?prio e inerente ?s l?nguas, al?m de entender o fen?meno ling??stico como resultante do uso efetivo da l?ngua. Outro aspecto a considerar para a realiza??o desta pesquisa ? o fato de a forma??o adjetivo + mente ser um mecanismo de constitui??o de palavras bastante produtivo, o que gera interesse na descri??o ling??stica. De forma particular, o objetivo norteador ? examinar as constru??es com adverbiais em mente no contexto da l?ngua em uso, na forma oral e escrita, buscando apreender as m?ltiplas manifesta??es de sentido forjadas no uso. Para este fim, lan?amos m?o de dados provenientes do Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica (Natal). Nos dados encontram-se adv?rbios terminados em mente que assumem a significa??o de modo, como previsto nos moldes tradicionais, mas tamb?m outras significa??es, como por exemplo o modalizador em suas diferentes manifesta??es. Os resultados alcan?ados demonstram que esse adv?rbio ? uma marca ling??stica que carrega em sua constitui??o o car?ter multiss?mico e o multifuncional, o que interfere sobremaneira na ordena??o dessa categoria, assumindo posi??o ora pr?-verbal, ora p?s-verbal. Outro aspecto observado refere-se ao relacionamento do adv?rbio com o verbo, com destaque para a compatibilidade ou a restri??o entre eles, op??o que se vincula ao aspecto sem?ntico. Os dados em an?lise legitimam o uso de diferentes constru??es com adv?rbio terminado em mente em diversos g?neros textuais, quais sejam a narrativa de experi?ncia pessoal, narrativa recontada, descri??o de local, relato de procedimento e relato de opini?o, tanto na l?ngua oral, quanto na escrita

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLBM_DISSERT.pdf: 1779818 bytes, checksum: 62dcf6f324fa9f364c87ce6105fee4f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-13 / The cooperative behavior is no longer a dilemma for the theory of evolution, since there are models that explain the evolution of this behavior by means of natural selection at the individual level. However, there have been few studies on the proximal factors that interfere with cooperative behavior. In the study of the influence of cognition on cooperation, many authors have been interested in situations in which individuals decide whether to act cooperatively and select partners with different qualities to cooperate. Of the factors studied, we highlight the need for understanding the apparatus and communication between partners to the occurrence of cooperation. Recently, highlight is the proposal that the ability to cooperate would be greater in species with cooperative breeding system. Thus, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey which stands as a valuable species for this type of study because it presents cooperative actions in nature, such as sharing food and protection of the community territory. Our experiment investigated whether common marmosets unrelated females (n = 6) were able to cooperate using an electrical and a mechanical apparatus, if this cooperation is a byproduct of individual actions or involve social attention, if it occurs inter-individual variation in the use of devices and formation of roles (producer / scrounger) in dyads. We use the number of rewards obtained by animals (Ratio of Correct Pulls) as indicators of cooperation and glances for partners (Ratio of Correct Glances) as indicators of social attention and communication. The results indicate that the type of apparatus was not a constraint for the occurrence of cooperation between the marmosets, but still has not been verified formation of roles in the dyads. The performance of animals in the two devices showed a large variation in the learning time, not having relationship with the performance in the tests phase. In both devices the level of social glances at control phases were casually correlated with any other phase, but the data showed that there was not social attention, that is, the monkeys realized that they gave food to the partners, but the partners did / O comportamento de coopera??o n?o constitui mais um dilema para a Teoria da Evolu??o, j? existindo modelos que explicam a evolu??o deste comportamento por meio da Sele??o Natural em n?vel de indiv?duo. Entretanto, ainda s?o poucos os estudos sobre os fatores proximais que interferem no comportamento cooperativo. No estudo da influ?ncia da cogni??o na coopera??o, muitos autores tem se interessado por situa??es nas quais os indiv?duos decidem se v?o agir cooperativamente e selecionam parceiros com diferentes qualidades para cooperar. Dos fatores estudados, destaca-se a necessidade de compreens?o do aparato e de comunica??o entre os parceiros para a ocorr?ncia de coopera??o. Recentemente, ganha destaque a proposta de que a capacidade de cooperar seria maior em esp?cies com cuidado cooperativo a prole. Assim sendo, o sag?i (Callithrix jacchus) ? um macaco do Novo Mundo que se destaca como uma esp?cie valiosa para esse tipo de estudo, pois apresenta a??es cooperativas na natureza, como partilha de alimento e defesa comunit?ria de territ?rio. O nosso experimento investigou se sag?is f?meas n?o aparentadas (n = 6) s?o capazes de cooperar usando um aparato el?trico e um mec?nico, se essa coopera??o ? um subproduto de a??es individuais ou envolve aten??o social, e se ocorre varia??o inter-individual no uso dos aparatos e forma??o de pap?is (produtor/parasita) nas d?ades. Usamos o n?mero de recompensas obtidas pelos animais (?ndice de Puxadas Corretas) como indicadores de coopera??o e os olhares para os parceiros (?ndice de Olhares Sociais) como indicadores de aten??o social e comunica??o. Os resultados indicam que o tipo de aparato n?o foi uma limita??o para a ocorr?ncia de coopera??o entre os sag?is, mas mesmo assim n?o foi verificado forma??o de pap?is nas d?ades. O desempenho dos animais nos dois aparatos apresentou uma grande varia??o quanto ao tempo de aprendizagem, n?o tendo esta, correla??o com as performances nas fases teste. Em ambos os aparatos os n?veis dos olhares sociais nas fases controle apresentaram correla??es eventuais com outras fases, por?m os dados demonstram que n?o houve aten??o social, isto ?, os sag?is percebiam que doavam comida aos parceiros, mas n?o que o parceiro estava doando para eles. Isso indica que os poucos atos cooperativos observados foram um subproduto de atos individuais e n?o coopera??o verdadeira