Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivan Goncalves Feitosa Filho.pdf: 9950803 bytes, checksum: 81e1b8565c7957d25f3df59f964001c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research situates its object of study, the « photographic message », in the context of the journalism in the political campaign to the cityhall of São Paulo in 2012 and has as main target the analysis of the tensions between denotation and connotation. It works with the barthesian hypothesis in agreement in which the media messages develop connoted systems, of double signification, one of which the connoted message offers the necessary categories for the analysis of the image and of the text, and its ramifications in the printed media that influence notably the choice of the reader/voter, being this last question that justifies the proposal of the dissertation. The main contribution of the work consists of the application of the categories of the « photographic message » to the publications of printed media of two media vehicles of the context of a political campaign. Metodologicaly, the reaearch is bibliographical, analytical and documentary, of qualitative character, showing like such messages exceed, for the connotation, the limits of the denotative information. The corpus of the research includes the publications of two newspapers of major circulation in the country: O Estado de Sao Paulo and A Folha de Sao Paulo, in their inseparably photographic and textual registers of the above-mentioned campaigns. The theoretical fundamentation for the field of the photography understands the barthesian theory especially that proposal in Mythologies - exegesis of specific works of the author: The Obvious and the Obtuse, Camera Lucida, «The Photographic Message» and Semiologic Adventure. For the field of the journalism, the images are explored introducing significant elements of increase in value as to the journalistic treatment of such a political campaign, essentially centered in showing the defining characteristics of the global image of the candidates and of the competing parties, the communicative intention of both newspapers in his ideological positioning which goes and meets the criticism in Mythologies / Esta pesquisa situa seu objeto de estudo, a «mensagem fotográfica», no âmbito do jornalismo na campanha política à Prefeitura de São Paulo em 2012 e tem por objetivo a análise das tensões entre a denotação e a conotação. Trabalha com a hipótese barthesiana segundo com a qual as mensagens midiáticas desenvolvem sistemas conotados, de dupla significação, uma das quais a mensagem conotada oferece as categorias necessárias para a análise da imagem e do texto, e seus desdobramentos na mídia impressa que influenciam notavelmente a escolha do leitor/eleitor, sendo esta última questão a que justifica a proposta da dissertação. A principal contribuição do trabalho consiste na aplicação das categorias da «mensagem fotográfica» às publicações de mídia impressa de dois veículos midiáticos no contexto de uma campanha política. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é bibliográfica, analítica e documental, de caráter qualitativo, mostrando como tais mensagens ultrapassam, pela conotação, os limites da informação denotativa. O corpus da pesquisa abrange as publicações dos dois jornais de maior circulação no país: O Estado de São Paulo e a Folha de São Paulo, em seus registros inseparavelmente fotográficos e textuais das referidas campanhas. A fundamentação teórica para o campo da fotografia compreende a teoria barthesiana notadamente aquela proposta em Mitologias - exegeses de obras específicas do autor, como O Óbvio e o Obtuso, Câmera clara, «A Mensagem fogtográfica» e Aventura semiológica. Para o campo do jornalismo, exploramse as imagens introduzindo elementos de valorização significativos a respeito do tratamento jornalístico de tal campanha eleitoral, essencialmente centrado em mostrar as características definidoras da imagem global dos candidatos e dos partidos concorrentes, a intenção comunicativa de ambos os jornais no seu posicionamento ideológico que vai ao encontro da crítica em Mitologias

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker och jämför tre olika metoder för analys av film med grund i ett genusperspektiv. De metoder som undersöks är Bechdeltestet, Connotation Frames och slutligen en analysmetod som vi valt att referera till som Film Actor-Network Theory (FANT). Med FANT kan man analysera film genom att se till karaktärerna och deras fiktiva sociala nätverk. Filmerna som används för analys av metoderna är Juno (2007) och Fight Club (1999). Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka dessa analysmetoder och se hur effektivt de belyser jämställdhet i film. Resultatet är att dessa metoder belyser jämställdhet på olika sätt. Connotations Frames och FANT analyserar på en djupare och mer ingående nivå än Bechdeltestet. Connotation Frames ser till makt och agens i handling och dialog, och Bechdeltestet gör en snabb analys om två kvinnliga karaktärer pratar med varandra om något annat än män. Appliceras alla analysmetoder på en film kan det visa på ett resultat som är närmare en heltäckande genusanalys.

This thesis focuses on the image of "hlava" (head) in the Czech linguistic picture of the world. It is based on theories and methods of cognitive linguistics. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the structure of the meaning of the word hlava. The paper by I. Vaňková and V. Vitkovskaya was used as a methodological and theoretical starting point. In that paper four semantic profiles of "hlava" are defined. The results of Vaňková and Vitkovskaya were compared with the findings of our research. We try to find out, whether the mentioned profiles are valid on a larger linguistic material, too. Two types of data are analysed - systemic data (especially phraseology, then also etymology of the word, derivatives, compounds and synonyms) and corpus materials (from Czech National Corpus). Then, we also compare the differences in the findings between systemic and textual (corpus) data. Finally, all results are summarized in the cognitive definition of hlava.

The thesis examines the relationship between (photographic) image and text in two novels accompanied by photographs: Georges Rodenbach's Bruges-la-Morte and The Rings of Saturn by W. G. Sebald. As in the essence of photographic image lies the question of its relation to reality, we decided to make from the theme of relation between reality and fiction, which differs according the type of representation, our central theme. The thesis is also concerned with the themes of passing, mourning and order, which connect examined novels. Our interpretation is based mainly on Roland Barthes' theoretical text Le message photographique in which he defines various types of photographic connotation that we search in analyzed phototexts. Concerning the partial theme of connection between photograph and death we base our analysis on Barthes' Camera Lucida, than we proceed mainly from the essays of the collection Co je to fotografie which concern with photographic pose (Thierry de Duve), photograph and remembering (André Bazin), photograph and mirror (Craig Owens).

Denna uppsats behandlar frågorna om hur och varför ett typsnitt kan förmedla ett visst intryck, en känsla eller tonalitet på en webbsidas rubriker. Samt betydelsen av, som designer eller annan yrkesverksam inom området, att ha kännedom och medvetenhet kring typsnitt. Vi valde en kvalitav metod utifrån våra frågeställningar. Genom intervjuer och en fokusgrupp ämnar vi undersöka tre typsnitt från tre olika typsnittsfamiljer. Typsnitten vi specificerat oss på är Roboto (sans serif), La Parisienne (regular skript) samt Fifty four (display/dekorativ). Teoretiska utgångspunkter hämtas från tidigare studier inom ämnet, litteratur av sakkunniga samt data från empirisk undersökning som vi samlat in från intervjuer och en fokusgrupp. En webbsida, utvecklad i WordPress har varit ett praktiskt moment och har fungerat som en plattform för vår undersökning genom att presentera våra olika rubrikers typsnitt. Resultatet från vår undersökning visade att våra valda typsnitt på rubrikerna tolkades likvärdigt och att det är främst formen som avgör. Studien tydliggör även att typsnitt kan tolkas utifrån person och personlighetsdrag, genom grundkänslor, tidigare associationer, konnotation och majoritetens överensstämmande svar. Vi ser att kunskap om typsnitt har en central roll i den tidiga designprocessen. Med detta i åtanke blir det viktigt för designern att kunna behärska typografi och förstå dess kraft. / This essay addresses the questions about how and why a font can convey a certain impression, feeling or tonality on a website's headings. As well as the importance of being a designer or other professionals in the field, to have knowledge and awareness of fonts. We have chosen a qualitative method based on our questions. Through interviews and a focus group, we intend to study three fonts from three different fontfamilies. Roboto (sans serif), La Parisienne (regular script) and Fifty four (display /decorative). Theories are obtained from previous studies in the subject, we refer to literature by experts and the data comes from our empirical research that we have collected from our interviews and the focus group. We have developed a website in WordPress, that has been a practical element and has served as a platform for our research by presenting the fonts of our various headings. The results of this study showed that our selected fonts of the headlines were interpreted equally by our informants and everyone answers that it depends on what kind of a typeface it is. Fonts can be interpreted from many different perspectives, the form of a font affects people's interpretation a lot but also interpreted based on personality traits, through basic feelings, past associations, connotation and the majority's response which was consistent. The knowledge of fonts plays a central role in the early design process and it becomes important for a web designer to be able to master typography and understand its powers.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to prove that augmentative and diminutive suffixes are not always just bearers of senses "big" / "of big size", in the case of augmentative suffixes, and "small" / "of small size", in the case of diminutive suffixes, and that they can also be accompanied by various connotations. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part is concentrated on the topic of the morpheme in Portuguese in general. The next two parts are dedicated to particular augmentative and diminutive suffixes, concretely to their origin and especially to their specifics. Fundamental is the last part which focuses on the systematization of the senses of suffixes mentioned in previous chapters. Key words: word-formation, derivation, suffixes, augmentative suffixes, diminutive suffixes, connotation

Denna studie avser att undersöka vilka visuella element som påverkar hur produkter kategoriseras av konsumenter som antingen ett tvättmedel eller ett livsmedel. Genom att undersöka visuella element och vilka konnotationer de skapar kan dessa undersökningar ge insikter om hur människor tolkar och kategoriserar objekt. Detta undersöktes med enkät, observation och generative research som metod. Den insamlade empirin visar att visuella element skapar konnotationer och styr kategorisering av produkter. Empirin visade att mättade färger, vassa former, en viss avsaknad av visuella element, realistiska bilder och färgen grön konnoteras till tvättmedel. Det visade även att omättade färger konnoteras till yoghurtförpackningar. Fynden sammanställdes i en guide för illustratörer för att underlätta förmedlandet av avsett bruksändamål och även i ett nytt designförslag på ett tvättmedel som nyligen misstagits för att vara ett livsmedel. Eftersom denna typ av misstag inte är ovanliga, där även oavsiktlig förtäring har förekommit, kan denna studie vara värdefull för att minska att detta ska ske i framtiden. / This study investigates the visual elements that influence how consumers categorize products as either a detergent or a food item. By examining the visual elements and the connotations they create, these investigations provide insights into how people interpret and categorize objects. This was explored through a survey, observation and a focus group as part of a Generative Research approach. The collected empirical data demonstrates that visual elements create connotations and guide the categorization of products. The empirical findings revealed that saturated colors, sharp shapes, a certain absence of visual elements, realistic images, and the color green are associated with detergents. The findings were compiled into a handbook for illustrators to facilitate the communication of intended use and also into a new design proposal for a detergent that was recently mistaken for a food item. Since these types of mistakes, including unintentional consumption, are not uncommon, this study could be valuable in reducing such occurrences in the future.

Together with an basic assumption of the main thesis of the theory of singular direct reference, this paper formulates two original theses grounded in the Kripkean notion of proper names. Regarding the assumption of the main thesis, efforts have been made to explicitly explain its essence as a reactionary theory against the description theory of proper names, a theory mainly due to Bertrand Russells (1905) influential article "On Denoting". Grounded in Russell, outlining the fundamental idea of proper names as abbreviated or disguised definite descriptions, this paper moves forward through the critiques of Strawsons (1950) "On Referring", Donnellans (1966) "Reference and Definite Descriptions" and Kripkes (1977) "Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference". With the historical background in place, in accordance with Salmons (1982) "Reference & Essence" the arguments against the theory of descriptions for proper names are put forward, which leads to the assumption of the mentioned main thesis. Regarding the papers more original theses, the first of these distinguishes between different kinds of proper names depending on whether or not they refer to an object capable of cognitive functioning. The main thrust of this paper is however made through the formulation of the second thesis, as it is being aimed at challenging Kripke's Millian notion of all proper names as being non-connoting. However, in contrast to this view in accordance with the view being put forward in this paper, cognition-referring proper names are connoting. Additionally, a finishing discussion is supplemented concluding descriptions of such connotations as being questions for pragmatism.

English abstract: Title of the thesis: Semiotic analysis of the text concentrated on asymmetry of linguistic sing Keywords: semiotics, linguistic sign, semiotic analysis, asymmetry of linguistic sign, myth, denotation, connotation Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to show how the linguistic sign functions in practice and what is its real meaning in the context of communication. This process is based on semiotic analysis of illustration of the artistic literature. In its theoretical part an elementary terminology and historical pillars of formation and developement of semiotics such as an equal humanistic science are presented. In the practical part we will demonstrate, thanks to the semiotic analysis of myth, how the linguistic sign functions within the communication and the cultural context.

In this thesis we deal with the analysis of expressions - in particular the metaphorical and phraseological expressions - containing a motive of an animal in Czech and Norwegian. The method is based on cognitive linguistics, mainly on the Polish ethnolinguistic school, with a special focus on the definition of metaphor and symbol from the point of view of the philosophical hermeneutics. We describe and support some common principles of the perception and conceptualization of animals in both languages and we focus on semantic connections concerning this topic. Our main focus is on the expression wolf - we compare the linguistic picture of the world of this controversial animal in Czech and Norwegian.