Looking for the best way to publish accessible graphics, this presentation gives some information about how to deal with non-textual contents when adapting documents for DAISY books. It is based on a study conducted by Braillenet for enriching the Helene’s digital library with technical contents. By analysing publishing guidelines, transcribers’ work in specialized centres and main relief printing formats, this work presents thoughts on how to analyse a graphical content, how to produce vectorial images, the main steps for preparing digital image files that could be downloaded and printed, how to index these files into the DAISY book, and finally make them accessible.

In this dissertation the problems surrounding the sentencing stage and factors which influence the sentence are briefly considered. The emphasis is on the use and value of a pre-sentence report in determining suitable sentences other than imprisonment. Historical background in the use of pre-sentence reports in South Africa, England and America is briefly referred to. Relevant concepts, such as individualisation of punishment, are considered in relation to possible sentences such as compensation, fines, community service, and correctional supervision. It is concluded that the provisions of sections 274 and 276A of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1 977 are not enough to regulate the use of pre-sentence reports in South Africa. It is further concluded that legislation is needed in this area, but in the meantime, our courts should work towards developing guidelines based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1 977. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M (Law)

本論文共一冊，計約十萬字，分六章十九節。 本論文基本上以「發展理論」、「台灣近代史」及「台灣鄉土小說」三者為立幹。申 言之，乃先論述「發展理論」中的依附議題，及有關台灣的研究；說艮鄉土小說對台 灣發展過程的有力反映；配合史實，引證有關的鄉土小說作品；最後，綜述作品表達 的現實，予以詮釋。 本論文研討範圍起自一八九五年日本治台時，終至目前；包括政治、經濟、社會文化 三層面。以期看出小說內容的演變、發展理論和小說的異同．．．等，尤其要在理論 研究、歷史記載之外，從鄉土小說這一媒介中來看台灣的發展課題。

本研究主要為探討不同背景變項之台灣地區北、中、南之公私立大學學生對大學教師優質教學內涵及大學教師優質教學模式之看法，除作現況分析及差異比較外，並依據大學學生所填答之課程學群的分類，找出適合該課程學群之優質教學模式。 研究中除蒐集、整理、閱讀相關文獻外，並依據文獻資料編製「大學教師優質教學內涵現況之調查問卷」及「大學教師優質教學模式現況之調查問卷」，對台灣地區北、中、南各公私立大學實施調查研究，總共回收824份有效樣本，而後根據資料分別進行描述分析、t考驗、變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計分析後有以下幾項發現： 一、大學教師優質教學內涵中，以「大學教師教學之師生互動」得分最高，以「大學教師教學之準備活動」得分最低。 二、大學教師優質教學模式中，以「講述教學模式」得分最高，以「協同教學模式」得分最低。 三、 大學學生不同背景變項在大學教師優質教學內涵上之差異 1. 女學生在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，顯著高於男學生之得分。 2. 第一類科系學群（文法傳播）學生及第五類科系學群（教育）學生在大學教師優質教學內涵之得分，顯著高於第三類科系學群（理工）學生及第四類科系學群（農醫）學生的得分。 3. 大學二年級學生及大學四年級學生在大學教師優質教學內涵之得分，顯著高於大學一年級學生的得分。 4. 修習第一類課程學群（文法傳播）學生及第五類課程學群（教育）學生在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，顯著高於修習第三類課程學群（理工）學生及第四類課程學群（農醫）學生的得分。 5. 課程性質在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，沒有顯著差異。 6. 其他課程（如通識）及外系課程在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，顯著高於本系課程及共同科目的得分。 7. 選修課程在大學教師優質教學內涵上的得分，顯著高於必修課程的得分。 8. 晚上時段課程在大學教師優質教學內涵上的得分，顯著高於下午、上午時段課程的得分。 四、 大學學生不同背景變項在大學教師優質教學模式上之差異 1. 女學生在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「探究教學模式」此五種教學模式之得分，皆顯著高於男學生的得分。 2. 第五類科系學群（教育）及第一類科系學群（文法傳播）在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「踏查教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」的得分，均顯著高於第三類科系學群（理工）及第四類科系學群（農醫）的得分。 3. 二年級及四年級大學學生在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「探究教學模式」四種模式中之得分，顯著高於一年級學生之得分。 4. 第五類課程學群（教育）及第一類課程學群（文法傳播）在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「踏查教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」的得分，均顯著高於第三類課程學群（理工）及第四類課程學群（農醫）的得分。 5. 偏實務課程在「討論教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「踏查教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「協同教學模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」中的得分，皆顯著高於偏理論課程的得分。 6. 其他課程（如通識）在「討論教學模式」中得分較高;外系課程在「講述教學模式」中得分較高;本系課程在「踏查教學模式」、「協同教學模式」中得分較高。 7. 選修課程在「講述教學模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」中的得分，顯著高於必修課程及旁聽課程。 8. 晚上時段課程在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「協同教學模式」之得分，皆顯著高於下午時段課程及上午時段課程。 五、整體大學教師教學內涵與大學教師優質教學模式有低度至中度正相關。 六、「講述教學模式」為五大類課程學群所共有最能預測大學教師優質教學內涵之教學模式。 最後，本研究依據上述研究結果，形成結論並提出建議，以供教育行政機關、學校單位、大學教師、大學學生及未來相關研究之參考。 / The main purpose of this study is to investigate the viewpoints of various university students background for the effective teaching contents and effective teaching models of university teachers in Taiwan. In addition to understanding the current situation and difference, the study also based on the classification of curriculum to find out the suitable effective teaching models. According to the literature review, the study forms a self-made questionnaire in the topic of “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ” and “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ”.The questionnaire are sent to all the samples ( including the public and private universities in Taiwan ) and 824 surveys that returned from the samples are identified to be valid. The conclusion is through statistic analysis of research sources, including description analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The main finding of the study are as follows : 1. The point of “ the interaction between teacher and students in class ” is highest, whereas the point of “ the preparation of the teaching in class ” is lowest in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ”. 2. The point of “ The lecture teaching model ” is highest, whereas the point of “ The collaboration teaching model ” is lowest in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ”. 3. The difference of university students’ various background in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ” are as follows : (1) The point of female university students is significantly higher than that of male university students. (2) The points of the university students studying in the first classification of department ( Liberal Arts, Law and Communication ) and the fifth classification of department ( Education) are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of department ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of department ( Agriculture and Medicine). (3) The points of the second grade students and the fourth grade students are significantly higher than those of the first grade students. (4) The points of the university students studying in the first classification of curriculum ( Liberal Arts, Law and Communication ) and the fifth classification of curriculum ( Education) are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of curriculum ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of curriculum ( Agriculture and Medicine). (5) The difference shown in the character of the curriculum is not significant. (6) The points of the other curriculum (liberal education) and the minor curriculum of one’s department are significantly higher than those of the major curriculum of one’s department and the common curriculum. (7) The point of the elective curriculum is significantly higher than that of the required curriculum. (8) The point of the curriculum after 6:00 p.m.is significantly higher than that of the curriculum in the morning and afternoon. 4. The difference of university students’ various background in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ” are as follows : (1) The point of female university students in “ The discussion teaching model ”、 “ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、 “ The inquiry teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of male university students. (2) The points of the university students studying in the fifth classification of department (Education) and the first classification of department ( Liberal Arts, Law and Communication) in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The field-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“The inquiry teaching model ” are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of department ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of department ( Agriculture and Medicine). (3) The points of the second grade students and the fourth grade students in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” are significantly higher than those of the first grade students. (4) The points of the university students studying in the fifth classification of curriculum (Education) and the first classification of curriculum (Liberal Arts, Law and Communication) in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The lecture teaching model ”、 “ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The field-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of curriculum ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of curriculum ( Agriculture and Medicine). (5) The point of the practical curriculum in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The field-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、“ The collaborative teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of the theoretical curriculum. (6) The point of the other curriculum ( liberal education ) in “ The discussion teaching model ” is higher than others ; the point of the minor curriculum of one’s department in “ The lecture teaching model ” is higher than others , and the point of the major curriculum of one’s department in “ The field-study teaching model ” and “ The collaborative teaching model ” is higher than others. (7) The point of the elective curriculum in “ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of the required curriculum and the non-credit earning curriculum. (8) The point of the curriculum after 6:00 p.m. in “ The discussion teaching model ”、 “ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“The collaborative teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of the curriculum in the morning and afternoon. 5. The positive correlation between “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ” and “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ” is from low to middle. 6. “ The lecture teaching model ” is the most common and the prediction of the five classification of curriculum is highest . Eventually, the study draw a conclusion from the overcome of the study and provide further suggestion for the reference of educational administration department, university administrational units, university teachers, university students and further study.

タンデトロン加速器質量分析計業績報告

The Diploma Thesis "Teplitz-Schönauer Anzeiger in the 1920s and 1930s" explores the German-written journal which was published in Teplice-Šanov from 1861 to 1945. Firstly the years 1918 and 1938 are briefly described as they were crucial for history of the first independent Czechoslovak state; conditions for press printing during the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic are also depicted. Subsequently the modern history of the town of Teplice-Šanov is introduced, as well as cultural environment of the place. Last but not least the media landscape which the journal entered in 1861 is described. The main part of the Thesis aims at historical development of both journal and C.Weigend Printing Company from the beginning until its transfer under national control and subsequent end of publication in 1948. Each publisher of the newspaper is introduced: first of all the founder of the journal August Copek. Then the attention is paid to four generations of publishers from Weigend family. A sample of articles from years 1918, 1928 and 1938 serves as a source which shows the structure of the journal. Following reflection of the topic of 28th October (i.e. the Independence Day of the Czechoslovakia) in the newspaper explores a position of Teplitz- Schönauer Anzeiger taken in relation to the establishment...

The thesis named Relationship between using TV and new media in the habits of secondary school teenagers is trying to identify ways of using common TV broadcasting and TV contents reachable with a help of new media by czech secondary school teenagers. It also examines their relationship towards above mentioned delivery technologies and contents. In the theoretical part the attention is paid not only to the specific category of adolescent viewers and video content users, but to technological and social aspects that can influence ways and motives for using TV contents as well. This thesis also touches current issue of television studies, which has arrised together with new digital technologies arrival . Practical part is with a help of quantitative and qualitative research trying to reach empirically-based data, supporting and developing findings described in the theoretical part. Performed questionaire research results in statistically not yet recorded information about equipment (such as TV and PC with internet access) installed in teenagers' apartments. It is especially easy access to above stated technologies, what has the biggest impact on the way and intensity of using these technologies. Subsequent qualitative interviews, focus on motives and reasons leading to changes of teenaged viewers'...

Orientador: Juliano Maurício de Carvalho / Resumo: O presente estudo se propõe a identificar, sistematizar e analisar a agenda política construída no plano regional sul-americano acerca da produção, distribuição e circulação de bens simbólicos e culturais, materializados na forma de conteúdos digitais, no âmbito da União das Nações Sul-americanas (Unasul). O recorte temporal de análise compreende o período entre 2008 e 2017, que representa a primeira década de atuação do organismo de cooperação, posteriormente à consolidação das Declarações da Cúpula Mundial sobre a Sociedade da Informação (CMSI), que definiriam os elementos norteadores das estratégias de desenvolvimento da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) para a consolidação do novo paradigma sociotécnico da Sociedade da Informação. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa, de caráter explicativo, e recorre à Análise Documental como procedimento para desconstrução dos elementos essenciais dos registros documentais da Unasul; reconstrói e debate os elementos essenciais à conformação de políticas de comunicação para produção de conteúdos digitais a partir do referencial teórico-epistemológico da Economia Política da Comunicação e do Conhecimento – influenciado pela tradição de pesquisa do Ciespal. Como resultados, a pesquisa identifica a centralidade das indústrias culturais e da propriedade intelectual na agenda política da Unasul, apesar de verificar certa dificuldade na implementação de ações concretas para o setor. / Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es identificar, sistematizar y analizar la agenda política construida a nivel regional de América del Sur con respecto a la producción, distribución y circulación de bienes simbólicos y culturales, materializados en forma de contenido digital, en el marco de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas. (Unasur). El plazo de análisis abarca el período entre 2008 y 2017, que representa la primera década de funcionamiento del organismo de cooperación, después de la consolidación de las Declaraciones de la Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información (CMSI), que definiría los elementos orientadores de las estrategias de cooperación. Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) para consolidar el nuevo paradigma sociotécnico de la sociedad de la información. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, de carácter explicativo, y utiliza el análisis de documentos como un procedimiento para deconstruir los elementos esenciales de los registros documentales de Unasur; Reconstruye y discute los elementos esenciales para la configuración de las políticas de comunicación para la producción de contenido digital desde el marco teóricoepistemológico de la economía política de la comunicación y el conocimiento, influenciado por la tradición de investigación de Ciespal. Como resultado, la investigación identifica la centralidad de las industrias culturales y la propiedad intelectual en la agenda política de Unasur, a pesar de encontrar algunas dificultades para implemen... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Abstract: The present research proposes to identify, systematize and analyze the political agenda built on the South American regional plan on the production, materialized in the form of digital content, within the Union of South American Nations (USAN). The analysis understand the period between 2008 and 2017, that represents the first decade of cooperation operation, after the consolidation of the Declaration of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), that would define the guiding elements of the development strategies of the United Nations (UN) for the consolidation of the new socio-technical paradigm of the information society. The research has a qualitative approach with an explanatory character and uses the documentary analysis to deconstruction the essential elements of USAN's documentary records; reconstructs and debates the essential elements to the conformation of communication policies for the production of digital contents from the theoreticalepistemological referential of the Political Economy of Communication and Knowledge – influenced by Ciespal's research tradition. As results, the research identifies the centrality of cultural industries and intellectual property on the political agenda of USAN, although verify some difficulty in the implementation of concrete actions for the sector. / Doutor

Cette thèse s'intéresse à la détection et la reconnaissance du texte arabe incrusté dans les vidéos. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons différents prototypes de détection et d'OCR vidéo (Optical Character Recognition) qui sont robustes à la complexité du texte arabe (différentes échelles, tailles, polices, etc.) ainsi qu'aux différents défis liés à l'environnement vidéo et aux conditions d'acquisitions (variabilité du fond, luminosité, contraste, faible résolution, etc.). Nous introduisons différents détecteurs de texte arabe qui se basent sur l'apprentissage artificiel sans aucun prétraitement. Les détecteurs se basent sur des Réseaux de Neurones à Convolution (ConvNet) ainsi que sur des schémas de boosting pour apprendre la sélection des caractéristiques textuelles manuellement conçus. Quant à notre méthodologie d'OCR, elle se passe de la segmentation en traitant chaque image de texte en tant que séquence de caractéristiques grâce à un processus de scanning. Contrairement aux méthodes existantes qui se basent sur des caractéristiques manuellement conçues, nous proposons des représentations pertinentes apprises automatiquement à partir des données. Nous utilisons différents modèles d'apprentissage profond, regroupant des Auto-Encodeurs, des ConvNets et un modèle d'apprentissage non-supervisé, qui génèrent automatiquement ces caractéristiques. Chaque modèle résulte en un système d'OCR bien spécifique. Le processus de reconnaissance se base sur une approche connexionniste récurrente pour l'apprentissage de l'étiquetage des séquences de caractéristiques sans aucune segmentation préalable. Nos modèles d'OCR proposés sont comparés à d'autres modèles qui se basent sur des caractéristiques manuellement conçues. Nous proposons, en outre, d'intégrer des modèles de langage (LM) arabes afin d'améliorer les résultats de reconnaissance. Nous introduisons différents LMs à base des Réseaux de Neurones Récurrents capables d'apprendre des longues interdépendances linguistiques. Nous proposons un schéma de décodage conjoint qui intègre les inférences du LM en parallèle avec celles de l'OCR tout en introduisant un ensemble d’hyper-paramètres afin d'améliorer la reconnaissance et réduire le temps de réponse. Afin de surpasser le manque de corpus textuels arabes issus de contenus multimédia, nous mettons au point de nouveaux corpus manuellement annotés à partir des flux TV arabes. Le corpus conçu pour l'OCR, nommé ALIF et composée de 6,532 images de texte annotées, a été publié a des fins de recherche. Nos systèmes ont été développés et évalués sur ces corpus. L’étude des résultats a permis de valider nos approches et de montrer leurs efficacité et généricité avec plus de 97% en taux de détection, 88.63% en taux de reconnaissance mots sur le corpus ALIF dépassant ainsi un des systèmes d'OCR commerciaux les mieux connus par 36 points. / This thesis focuses on Arabic embedded text detection and recognition in videos. Different approaches robust to Arabic text variability (fonts, scales, sizes, etc.) as well as to environmental and acquisition condition challenges (contrasts, degradation, complex background, etc.) are proposed. We introduce different machine learning-based solutions for robust text detection without relying on any pre-processing. The first method is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNet) while the others use a specific boosting cascade to select relevant hand-crafted text features. For the text recognition, our methodology is segmentation-free. Text images are transformed into sequences of features using a multi-scale scanning scheme. Standing out from the dominant methodology of hand-crafted features, we propose to learn relevant text representations from data using different deep learning methods, namely Deep Auto-Encoders, ConvNets and unsupervised learning models. Each one leads to a specific OCR (Optical Character Recognition) solution. Sequence labeling is performed without any prior segmentation using a recurrent connectionist learning model. Proposed solutions are compared to other methods based on non-connectionist and hand-crafted features. In addition, we propose to enhance the recognition results using Recurrent Neural Network-based language models that are able to capture long-range linguistic dependencies. Both OCR and language model probabilities are incorporated in a joint decoding scheme where additional hyper-parameters are introduced to boost recognition results and reduce the response time. Given the lack of public multimedia Arabic datasets, we propose novel annotated datasets issued from Arabic videos. The OCR dataset, called ALIF, is publicly available for research purposes. As the best of our knowledge, it is first public dataset dedicated for Arabic video OCR. Our proposed solutions were extensively evaluated. Obtained results highlight the genericity and the efficiency of our approaches, reaching a word recognition rate of 88.63% on the ALIF dataset and outperforming well-known commercial OCR engine by more than 36%.

O presente trabalho dedica-se ao estudo do mínimo existencial enquanto critério de adjudicação dos direitos sociais no controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas. A análise parte do conceito usualmente adotado pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência pátrias, isto é, um conceito intimamente ligado ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana que condensa em si o núcleo duro e essencial dos direitos fundamentais e que teria, portanto, justiciabilidade imediata, independentemente das condições fáticas presentes em determinada situação concreta. Esse critério, cujo conteúdo seria determinado a priori, é posto à prova diante das outras premissas adotadas em nosso ordenamento dentre elas a reconhecida aplicação do princípio da proporcionalidade, na teoria de Robert Alexy. Nesse contexto, o mínimo existencial assume maior relevo enquanto critério se analisado diante de uma situação concreta, juntamente com outros parâmetros, na tentativa de estabelecer balizas coerentes e seguras à intervenção judicial no âmbito das políticas públicas. / The present paper analyzes the concept of minimum core of economic and social rights as a standard for the adjudication of such rights under the judicial control of public policies. The starting point of our analysis is the concept usually adopted by Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence, which is a standard closely linked to the principle of human dignity and which has been applied to provide determinacy and justiciability to those rights, creating immediately specific governmental obligations. This concept is confronted to other premises adopted in Brazilian legal system (specially the principle of proportionality under Robert Alexys theory). By doing so, this paper develops a different approach to giving content to the minimum core and proposes its analysis together with other parameters for judicial control taking into account the facts under a concrete situation. This paper further demonstrates how this new approach provides consistent and reliable guidelines for judicial intervention in government policies.