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Submitted by Eduardo Cazassa (eduardo.cazassa@gmail.com) on 2016-07-06T05:07:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL - EFC_v0607.pdf: 1173712 bytes, checksum: 37fd8f1b8494b0de94390548a65fa663 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-07-06T13:29:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL - EFC_v0607.pdf: 1173712 bytes, checksum: 37fd8f1b8494b0de94390548a65fa663 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T13:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL - EFC_v0607.pdf: 1173712 bytes, checksum: 37fd8f1b8494b0de94390548a65fa663 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / The pricing of Real Estate Receivables Certificates (CRIs) is investigated in relation to the underlying assets and level of guarantees, as far as volume, maturity and rating variables are controlled for. An added average premium of 1.0 p.p. is seen in CRIs, compared with the same maturity and rating debentures. This premium is motivated by two facts: (a) although CRIs follow relative standardization, we find that they can represent different levels of risk and underlying assets; and (b) this lack of standardization leads to different pricing levels for their specific risk characteristics. The different risk levels are perceived by the different guarantees used – for instance, 41% of issuances include personal guarantees of the originators. We conclude that there is a positive difference of returns (the average spread for the inflation-indexed CRIs at issue was 321 bps higher than the market yield curve) being more prominent depending on the segment (premium for the residential and allotment segments) mitigated by the level of guarantees offered. It is possible to verify an average premium of 1.4 p.p. in both residential and allotments. Important issuance characteristics were analyzed as control (volume, maturity, rating grades and origin of the rating agency). Larger and longer-maturity CRIs show a significant lower spread. Residential CRIs show a positive effect (lower spread) when assessed by any rating agency whereas commercial CRIs show a negative effect (higher spreads) simply due to the fact of being rated. The commercial CRIs can also show a positive effect (lower spread) for issuances rated above ‘A’ or if they are assessed by an international rating agency. / Analisamos os determinantes de precificação de Certificados de Recebíveis Imobiliários (CRIs) com relação ao ativo objeto e níveis de garantias, controlando por variáveis de tamanho, prazo e rating. Verifica-se um prêmio médio adicional em CRIs de 1,0 p.p. quando comparados com debêntures de prazos semelhantes e de mesmo rating. A justificativa desse prêmio é analisada em duas frentes: (a) apesar de CRI seguir relativa padronização, encontramos que o papel pode representar diferentes níveis de risco e ativos-objeto; e (b) essa falta de padronização leva a níveis de precificação diferenciados por suas características específicas de riscos. Os diferentes níveis de risco são percebidos pelas diversas garantias utilizadas sendo que 41% das emissões possuem garantias pessoais de originadores (aval ou fiança). Conclui-se que existe, em geral, uma diferença de retornos positiva (o spread médio na emissão dos CRIs indexados à inflação foi de 321 bps superior à curva de juros de mercado), sendo mais preponderante a depender do segmento (prêmio para os segmentos residencial e loteamentos) e mitigado pelo nível de garantias oferecido. É possível verificar um prêmio médio de 1,4 p.p. para os segmentos residencial e de loteamentos. Algumas características das emissões foram analisadas como controle (tamanho, prazo e, por fim, das notas e origem da agência avaliadora de rating). Os CRIs de maior volume e maior prazo apresentam spreads menores. Quanto ao rating, os CRIs apresentam efeitos diversos a depender do segmento. Para CRIs residenciais, o efeito é positivo (redução de spread) caso a emissão seja avaliada por alguma agência de rating, enquanto que para os CRIs comerciais, o efeito é negativo. O efeito pode ser positivo para os CRIs comerciais (redução de spread) em caso de avaliação por agência de rating internacional ou possuir notas de rating superiores à nota ‘A’.

When dealing with latency-critical applications in Kubernetes, a common strategy is to over-allocate resources to ensure the application can meet its latency guarantees during traffic surges. However, this practice often leads to resource underutilizationas the application will not fully utilize its reserved resources. The Kubernetes scheduler cannot initiate new workloads on the node because of perceived full resource utilization. This study explored the utility of two existing methods, Container Runtime Interface (CRI-RM), which we configured to use the 'balloon policy' and the vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA) in addressing resource underutilization problems on single node Kubernetes clusters while maintaining latency-grantees of certain pods. Utilizing tc-sim, a network traffic simulator, we deployed four latency-critical and two non-latency-critical pods, all subjected to overallocation. Our finding reveals that VPA was ineffectivein detecting and addressing the underutilization of resources because of its slow response in adjusting requests inside the pods. Moreover, it worsened the underutilization issues of the node. Our configuration of the 'balloon policy' failed to detect theover-allocation issues and further led to performance degradation in the simulator, potentially due to the overhead introduced by CRI-RM. These results underscore the intricacy of over-allocation challenges in latency-critical applications, emphasizing the need for proposed-designed solutions that enable quick and dynamic exchange of resources between pods.

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Communication in HRI, both verbal and non-verbal, can be hard for a robot to interpret and to convey which can lead to misinterpretations by both the human and the robot. In this thesis we look at answering the question if AR can be used to improve communication of a social robot’s intentions when interacting with children. We looked at behaviors such as getting children to pick up a cube, place a cube, give the cube to another child, tap the cube and shake the cube. We found that picking the cube was the most successful and reliable behavior and that most behaviors were slightly better with AR. Additionally, endorsement behavior was found to be necessary to engage the children, however, it needs to be quicker, more responsive and clearer. In conclusion, there is potential for using AR to improve the intent communication of a robot, but in many cases, the robot behavior alone was already quite clear. A larger study would need to be conducted to further explore this. / I Människa-Robot Interaktion kan både verbal och icke-verbal kommunikation vara svårt för en robot att förstå och förmedla vilket kan leda till missförstånd från både människans och robotens håll. I den här rapporten vill vi svara på frågan ifall AR kan användas för att förbättra kommunikationen av en social robots avsikter när den interagerar med barn. De beteenden vi kollade på var att få ett barn att plocka upp en kub, placera den, ge den till ett annat barn, knacka på den och skaka den. Resultaten var att plocka upp kuben var det mest framgångsrika och pålitliga beteendet och att de flesta beteenden var marginellt bättre med AR. Utöver det hittade vi också att bifallsbeteenden behövdes för att engagera barnen men behövde vara snabbare, mer responsiva och tydligare. Sammanfattningsvis finns det potential för att använda AR, men i många fall var enbart robotens beteenden redan väldigt tydliga. En större studie skulle behövas för att utforska detta ytterligare.

In the first, theoretical part, Attachment Theory is summarized: terms, patterns of attachment behavior of children, adults' mental representations of attachment, attachment developement, application of Attachment Theory into psychotherapy, as well as statistical contexts. Research work then involves qualitative analysis of attachment styles in current relationships of women from shelters for mothers and children in Czech Republic; here the Current Relationship Interview (CRI) method is applied. As a result, it gives 80 % insecure (60 % dismissing, 20 % preoccupied) and 20 % secure persons. This differs significantly from standard population, where 59 % persons are identified as secure. Qualitative analysis of 19 CRI scales gives some characteristic features of relationship of such a woman, e.g., remarkable lack of love and high conflict between her parents, lacking in love with partner, infrequent or inadequate caregiving and inability to seek or accept care from partner. Secure respondents differ from insecure ones by higher rate of loving and ability to provide care, but in the total evaluation they are on borderline of attachment insecurity. The findings are discussed with respect to possibility of education of social workers and applications on work with these women, which (besides lack of existential...

En Arctique, les changements climatiques se manifestent de façon plus perceptible qu'en n'importe quelle autre région du monde, en plus d'y défier, en rapidité, l'optimisme des prédictions et des scénarios climatiques. Les perturbations climatiques et biophysiques observées dans cette région ne sont pas sans effet sur les communautés autochtones qui y vivent. S'ils ont d'ores et déjà démontré une grande capacité d'adaptation face à leur environnement, la rapidité avec laquelle les changements climatiques se manifestent impose l'analyse des défis actuels en termes de vulnérabilité et d'adaptation. Cette recherche est le fruit d'une étude de cas, réalisée au sein de la municipalité inuit de Kuujjuarapik et du village nordique cri de Whapmagoostui, tous deux situés à la frange méridionale de l'Arctique québécois. Véritable figure d'exception au Canada, ces deux communautés partagent le même espace territorial, mais évoluent au sein de différents cadres institutionnels, situation issue notamment de la Loi sur les Indiens qui différencie les Indiens des Inuit, et de la Convention de la Baie James et du Nord Québécois (CBJNQ), signée en 1975. Deux objectifs alimentent ce travail de recherche : le premier vise à la compréhension de la vulnérabilité de ces deux communautés nordiques face aux changements climatiques alors que le deuxième s'intéresse aux effets de la cohabitation interethnique et institutionnelle sur les phénomènes de vulnérabilité et sur les réponses d’adaptation aux changements climatiques. Les résultats révèlent que la majorité des changements observés par les répondants se rapporte à la hausse des températures moyennes et ses effets (état de la glace, imprévisibilité du climat, apparition d'une faune nouvelle, décalage notable dans le cycle des saisons). La survie d'un mode de vie associé aux activités de chasse et de pêche ainsi que la pérennité et la transmission du savoir écologique traditionnel témoignent d'une sensibilité particulière à l'expression continue et progressive des stimuli climatiques observés. Des enjeux de santé et de sécurité, liés notamment à l'état de la glace, sont également source d'inquiétude. L'adaptation aux changements climatiques y est spontanée, réactive et se manifeste essentiellement au jour le jour. Les stratégies d'adaptation, prospectives et partagées par les deux communautés, ne sont, pour l'heure, pas envisagées. À cet égard, les nombreuses différences qui existent entre les deux communautés pourraient rendre difficile l'élaboration de stratégies communes, bien qu'elles semblent souhaitées par l'ensemble des répondants. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Changements climatiques, Nord, Inuit, Cris, communauté, savoir écologique traditionnel, vulnérabilité, exposition, sensibilité, capacité d'adaptation.

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore experiences of two different psychological interventions based on art psychotherapy in women with a psychological or physical illness. The two interventions are art psychotherapy and art therapy. The difference between these two interventions is that the art therapist works with the transference in art psychotherapy but not in art therapy. The thesis consists of two studies of art psychotherapy: An art psychotherapy intervention is evaluated in Study 1 (papers III and V) which examines a group of patients diagnosed with depression and Study 2 (paper II) which examines experiences in a group of six patients diagnosed with vulva vestibulitis. An art therapy intervention is evaluated in the third study (papers I and IV); where experiences in patients diagnosed with breast cancer are examined. In Study 1, forty-three (n=43) depressed women were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group (verbal psychotherapy). The aim was to examine the outcome of time limited psychodynamic art therapy compared to time-limited psychodynamic verbal therapy for patients with depressive symptoms. Interviews were performed before, immediately after, and three months after the termination of psychotherapy, and self-rating scales which focus on stress reactions, depression and symptoms as well as an observer rating scale on depression were used. The interviews and the art sessions were video-recorded, and the verbal psychotherapy was tape-recorded. The results showed that the art and verbal psychotherapies were comparable. The conclusion was that short-term psychodynamic art psychotherapy could be a valuable treatment for depressed women. In an in-depth content analysis, the method of scribbling was further investigated and exemplified with the therapies of two participants. In this study, the patients’ pictures and verbal expressions of progress, along with considerations of how to interpret the pictures were in focus. When leaving therapy the two patients took advantage of the paper, made complete forms, symbolised in words what they have expressed in pictures; in pace with psychotherapy the themes alter towards separation, individuation, and attempt to relate in a new way. The conclusion was that limelimited psychodynamic art therapy suggests giving a safer place for the self as the cohesion is firmer with better boundaries. Study 2 is a pilot study, which involved six young patients newly diagnosed with vulva vestibulitis. The aim of the study was to investigate pain at vestibulum, mental health, and self-image after fifteen sessions of art psychotherapy. Five of the patients were judged to have less pain three months after termination of therapy. The conclusion was that art psychotherapy with its openness seemed to affect young women in their experiences of vulva vestibulitis in a positive direction. Study 3 examined the potential benefit of art therapy for women with primary breast cancer. The sample comprised forty-one (n=41) patients who were randomly assigned either to an art therapy group or to a control group. The art therapy was going on during five weeks radiation treatment, one session per week. The aim was to investigate the outcome of art therapy, to quantify and compare the participant coping s, self-image, and the symptoms with the participant in the control group. Interviews were performed before, immediately after, and six month after inclusion. A set of self-rating scales was used: Coping Resources Inventory, the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior, and Symptom Check List – 90. The result showed that the patients in the art therapy group rated their coping s and especially their social s, higher than the control group, and that the average patients in the art therapy group improved in depressive symptoms and symptoms of anxiety, and that the general psychiatric symptoms improved as well. A linear regression analysis showed a tendency that the coping s increased in the art therapy group and decreased in the control group or even stagnated in the social domain. A second report on self-image, symptoms, treatment, and social variables showed that art therapy was related to lower ratings of depression, anxiety, and general symptoms after treatment; chemotherapeutic treatment predicted lower depressive symptoms and general symptoms in contrast to axilliary surgery and hormonal treatment. The results showed that art therapy could be valuable complementary therapy in routine oncology practise. The conclusion is that art therapy can have a positive long-term effect on the crisis following the primary breast cancer and its consequences. Conclusion: The results show that time-limited psychodynamic art psychotherapy is valuable for depressed women; that it is a valuable complement for women with vulva vestibulitis; and that art therapy is a valuable complement in the care and cure of women with primary breast cancer.

Cette thèse a été réalisée en parallèle avec le projet de recherche « ENG05 lighting », un programme européen de recherche en métrologie réunissant une quinzaine d’instituts nationaux de métrologie en Europe. L'apparition de nouvelles solutions d’éclairage utilisant des diodes à électroluminescence (DEL) n’apporte pas seulement une efficacité en termes de diminution de puissance consommée mais elles doivent également répondre à des critères dequalité delumière pour l’utilisateur selon l’environnement.L'étude se concentre sur les problématiques du confort visuel ainsi que sur les indices du rendu des couleurs conformes à ceux de la Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) qui ne permettent pas de prédire une évaluation fiable en ce qui concerne ces nouveaux éclairages à l’état solide.Cette recherche s’appuie sur les calculs informatisés des métriques existantes, les résultats de plusieurs expériences subjectives réalisées dans un environnement contrôlé et reproductible et leurs caractérisations. Un premier modèle capable de prédire le confort visuel d'un scénario d'éclairage est réalisé et décrit. Plusieurs axes d'amélioration des métriques du rendu des couleurs sont étudiés.L'ensemble des expériences intègre des solutions d'éclairages traditionnelles. A l’aide de carte de luminance, les résultats obtenus sont comparés aux performances des sources respectives.Mots-clefs : Rendu des couleurs, confort visuel, qualité des éclairages, expérience subjective, DEL, DEL, UGR, IRC, CRI, éblouissement, carte de luminance. / The ENG05 project funded by the European Research Metrology Programme (EMRP) addresses measurement aspects of both quantity and quality of new lighting such as solid-state lighting (SSL).The current Colour Rendering Index (CRI) of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) fails to predict the subjective ranking of the lighting sources based on DEL (light emitting diode). Along with a study of colour rendering metrics based on an extensive computation of relevant metrics and colorimetric calculations, a study on visual comfort is performed and both are presented in this thesis.For interior lighting standards it doesn’t exist a metric able to predict the visual comfort of an environment. Therefore, the aim of this study consists in a contribution to the human visual comfort characterization according to various realistic configurations considering the comparison between DEL luminaries and traditional lighting technologies (fluorescent, halogen).The analysis of the results DEL to develop a model which could be deemed worthy of consideration by CIE.Keywords: color rendering, visual comfort, lighting quality, subjective experiment, DEL, UGR, CRI, glare, luminance maps.

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between best practice adherence and the ownership status of an eco-labeling organization. The research question that is aiming to answer is what key factors most often explain differences in the level of credibility between for-profit carbon management eco-labels and not-for-profit carbon management eco-labels in transnational environmental governance. The case studies of interest are the two certification agencies Verra and The Carbon Reduction Institute. The issue of credibility of eco-labeling schemes will be looked through a Green IR theoretical perspective and debunked with Neoliberal IR theory. The methods which will be used are Small-N comparison and Qualitative Content Analysis conducted through Index for Best Practices. The data for the study is acquired from the online platforms of the two case studies for investigation.