This work contains students' communication analysis, the design of new information system for students and its implementation. New system integrates the social network Facebook, the Google Docs and the Google Calendar. The result of this master's thesis is working system written in Java language. The system is based on the students' communication analysis and the requirements of the Students' Union.

A series of field, rainshelter, growth cabinet and modelling studies were conducted to investigate hot pepper response to different irrigation regimes and row spacings; to generate crop-specific model parameters; and to calibrate and validate the Soil Water Balance (SWB) model. Soil, climate and management data of five hot pepper growing regions of Ethiopia were identified to develop irrigation calendars and estimate water requirements of hot pepper under different growing conditions. High irrigation regimes increased fresh and dry fruit yield, fruit number, harvest index and top dry matter production. Yield loss could be prevented by irrigating at 20-25% depletion of plant available water, confirming the sensitivity of the crop to mild soil water stress. High plant density markedly increased fresh and dry fruit yield, water-use efficiency and dry matter production. Average fruit mass, succulence and specific leaf area were neither affected by row spacing nor by irrigation regimes. There were marked differences among the cultivars in fruit yields despite comparable top dry mass production. Average dry fruit mass, fruit number per plant and succulence were significantly affected by cultivar differences. The absence of interaction effects among cultivar and irrigation regimes, cultivars and row spacing, and irrigation regimes and row spacing for most parameters suggest that appropriate irrigation regimes and row spacing that maximize productivity of hot pepper can be devised across cultivars. To facilitate irrigation scheduling, a simple canopy cover based procedure was used to determine FAO-type crop factors and growth periods for different growth stages of five hot pepper cultivars. Growth analysis was done to calculate crop-specific model parameters for the SWB model and the model was successfully calibrated and validated for five hot pepper cultivars under different irrigation regimes or row spacings. FAO basal crop coefficients (Kcb) and crop-specific model parameters for new hot pepper cultivars can now be estimated from the database, using canopy characteristics, day degrees to maturity and dry matter production. Growth cabinet studies were used to determine cardinal temperatures, namely the base, optimum and cut-off temperatures for various developmental stages. Hot pepper cultivars were observed to require different cardinal temperatures for various developmental stages. Data on thermal time requirement for flowering and maturity between plants in growth cabinet and open field experiments matched closely. Simulated water requirements for hot pepper cultivar Mareko Fana production ranged between 517 mm at Melkassa and 775 mm at Alemaya. The simulated irrigation interval ranged between 9 days at Alemaya and 6 days at Bako, and the average irrigation amount per irrigation ranged between 27.9 mm at Bako and 35.0 mm at Zeway. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

The concept of the natural year (Swahili `mwaka´) is found throughout the Bantu family of languages (Guthrie 1970: iv, 143) Today there are three possible years for the Swahili. First there is the Swahili year, the first day of which was once celebrated by all the Swahili people, while the year itself was of especial importance to farmers, to sailors and fishermen as well as to travellers and scholars. Secondly there is the Islamic-Swahili year, the first day of which is, in practice, celebrated on the first day of the first month after Ramadhani - 1 mfungo mosi (and not on 1 Muharram). Finally there is, since the arrival of European- hristians in the the second half of the nineteenth century, the Gregorian year, which is known to Swahilis who have attended primary school and 1 January has been a government holiday ever since.

Tidigare forskning har visat på att övergången från studier till yrkesliv är en kritisk period där övergångschock kan förekomma. Detta har visat sig gälla även psykologer tidigt i karriären. Det saknas däremot en djupare förståelse kring övergången hos PTP-psykologer i Sverige. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka psykologers berättelser om övergången från studier till första tiden inom professionen och vad som karaktäriserar dessa berättelser. De 15 deltagarna, en man och 14 kvinnor, rekryterades via PTP-samordnare/-rektorer, sociala medier och privata kontakter. Studien genomfördes med en textbaserad datainsamling där materialet, som bestod av livshändelsekalender (LHC) och guidande frågor, skickades via post. Rådata analyserades med en narrativ analysmetod, inspirerad av Labov och Waletzkys indelning av berättelsers delelement. Därefter skapades prototypberättelser som är ett verktyg för att skapa sammanfattningar som blir jämförbara med det fenomen som undersöks. Slutligen skapades fem prototypberättelser utifrån gemensamma kontextuella omständigheter samt vad övergången i övrigt präglades av. Däribland psykiska ohälsa, sociala förändringar och tidigare erfarenhet av yrket. Prototypberättelserna kallas “Arbetslivets labyrint,” “En uppförsbacke,” “Den inre resan,” “Rustad och redo” och “Det sociala skiftet.” Analysen visar på att övergångschock även gäller psykologer i Sverige samt hur den påverkas av organisatoriska omständigheter och bristande eller fungerande socialt stöd. Sammanfattningsvis tycks förklaringen till motgångar flyttas från en själv till kontexten och omständigheterna. Hos samtliga deltagare har övergångschocken avtagit och i de flesta fall gått över, vilket tyder på att psykologers övergång från studier till yrkesliv är en kritisk men avgränsad period. / Previous research has shown that transitioning from studies to working life is a critical period, where the concept of transition-shock can appear. This can also be applied to early-career psychologists. However, there is a need for deeper understanding of the transition for psychologists in training in Sweden. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate psychologists’ stories about the transition from studies to the first years in practice and what characterized these stories. The 15 participants, one man and 14 women, were recruited via PTP-coordinators/-principals, social media platforms and private contacts. The study was conducted by a text-based data collection, consisting of a life history calendar (LHC) and guiding questions, which were sent by post. The data was analyzed with a narrative method, inspired by Labov and Waletzkys’ research on the narratives’ different components. Thereafter prototype stories were made, which is a tool to make the studied phenomenon comparable. Five prototype stories were then created from shared contexts and other circumstances, such as mental health, social changes and work-experience. These are called “The work-life labyrinth,” “The uphill,” “The inner journey,” “Equipped and ready” and “The social shift.” The analysis indicate that transition-shock applies to psychologists in Sweden with the influence of organizational contexts and social support. In summary, the explanation for the setbacks are switched from the individual to the context and circumstances. For all participants, the transition-shock has decreased or passed over, which indicates that psychologists’ transition from studies to working life is a critical yet limited period.

Bakgrund - Bygglogistik omfattar att planera och hantera logistik av material, utrustning och personal på byggarbetsplatsen. En väl fungerande bygglogistik minskar risken för förseningar, budgetöverskridningar och arbetsplatsolyckor och bidrar till ett mer hållbart byggande. Slöseri eller icke värdeskapande arbete på byggarbetsplatsen utgör 30–35% av kostnaderna och kan minskas genom effektivisering av materialhantering. Syfte & Frågeställning - Studien fokuserar på att minska kostnaderna inom byggbranschen genom att förbättra kommunikationsflödena i byggproduktionen med hjälp av Microsoft Bookings. Målet var att undersöka vilka grundförutsättningar som existerar för att effektivisera leveranshanteringen och om Microsoft Bookings som digitalt verktyg kan effektivisera informationsflödet. Frågeställningarna som ska besvaras innefattar vilka är grundförutsättningarna för att effektivisera leveranshanteringen, och hur väl kan Microsoft Bookings effektivisera informationsflödet. Metod - Studien har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ metod, vilket innebär att frågeställningarna besvaras med hjälp av intervjuer i en fallstudie. Detta har kompletterats med litteraturstudie av teorier och tidigare forskning inom området. Teori - Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från digital kalender, kommunikation, materialhantering och Lean Construction. Detta ramverk utgör en anledning till att använda digitala verktyg eller beskriver de positiva effekter som medföljer vid en implementering. Empiri - Intervjuer resulterade i insikter om vikten av planering, involvering, tydlighet genom visualisering för en effektiv leveranshantering på byggarbetsplatsen. Genom att implementera användarvänligt digitalt verktyg kan leveranshanteringen effektiviseras och göra processen enklare för alla parter som är involverade i projektet. Diskussion & slutsats - Slutsatsen är att ett automatiserad bokningsverktyg för leveranshantering är efterfrågat och välbehövligt. Detta då en implementering leder till reducering av antalet moment som krävs för koordinering av materielleveranser genom att samordna relevant information. Detta innebär att den slutliga rekommendationen är att implementera Microsoft Bookings då programmet lyckas uppfylla fyra av sex identifierade behov och egenskaper. Dock utesluter detta inte att andra typer av digitala kalendrar bör utvärderas då målet är att implementera ett verktyg som tillgodoser samtliga identifierade behov och egenskaper. / Background – Construction logistics involves planning and managing of material, equipment and personnel on a construction site. Waste or non-value-added work on the construction site accounts for 30-35% of the costs and can be reduced through efficient material handling.  Purpose – The goal was to investigate which delivery activities on a construction site are critical to the schedule and whether Microsoft Bookings is a valid tool to streamlining information flow.  Method – The research questions has been answered using qualitative method in a case study and has been complemented by a literature study of theories and previous research in the field.  Theory – The theoretical framework is based on digital calendar, communication, handling of materials and Lean Construction. This framework constitutes a reason to use digital tools or describes the positive effects that accompany an implementation. Empirical findings – The results of interviews emphasize the importance of planning, involvement, and clarity through visualization for effective delivery management on the construction site.  Discussion & Conclusion – A automated booking tool for delivery is in demand and needed as an implementation leads to a reduction of the number of elements that is required for coordinating material deliveries by coordinate relevant information. The final recommendation is to implement Microsoft Bookings as the tool fulfill four out of six identified needs and characteristics. This does not exclude other types of digital calendars to be evaluated, as the goal is to fulfill all the identified needs and characteristics.

本文以 GJR-GARCH 為分析模型，針對所選八家台灣上市公司股價所計算之每日對數報酬率(daily log returns)，對於各種不斷到達的新增訊息所引起的波動反應。所納入條件變異數方程式的訊息到達(解釋變數)分別為：(1)同日成交數量(2)成交量變動率(3)星期一與星期五之日曆效應(4)不同權值規模(size-based)投資組合間的波動外溢效果。研究結果發現(1)同日成交量對於台股權值較低的小公司，有能力捕捉其波動性，但是對於權值偏高的大公司，其解釋能力顯有不足(2)成交量變化普遍會導致公司報酬率的波動(3)臺灣股市波動性並不具有星期五效應，至於星期一效應也只出現在部分的小公司(4)不同規模的投資組合間雖然互有波動外溢現象，但其不對稱性非常明顯， 亦即訊息到達後，先造成大公司股價的波動，此波動再進而影響到小公司，引起小公司股價的波動。 / Applying the GJR-GARCH model to the daily returns of eight selected firms from Taiwan stock market, this paper examines response of variance volatility to various information arrivals which separately include (1) concurrent trading volume (2) change in trading volume (3) calendar effects, especially Modnay and Friday effects, and (4) asymmetric volatility spillover between two sized-based portfolios. The results find that concurrent trading volume as a proxy of information arrival dramatically reduces volatility persistence of the small firm's conditional variance, but has little influence on large firm's, and change in trading volume cause significant change in conditional variance. Although there is a conjecture that the volatility in stock markets may be higher on Monday and Friday, it can't be found in this study. The results also strongly support that the volatility spillover effect from larger to small portfolio is more significant than that from smaller to large portfolio.

<p>Korpus književnih tekstova, književna<br />produkcija štampe u periodu od šest godina, njen<br />prikaz u celini, iziskivao je jedan širi<br />istorijski i kulturnoistorijski osvrt na<br />prethodni period. S jedne strane, u velikim crtama<br />su predočeni počeci manjinske mađarske štampe na<br />ovim prostorima u međuratnom razdoblju ,a s druge<br />strane prikazano je osnivanje listova i časopisa u<br />novoj socijalisti-čkoj državi. Predmet proučavanja<br />su činili sledeći listovi: subotički H&iacute;d,<br />pokrenut maja 1934. kao društve-ni, književni i<br />kritički časopis, koji je ponovo pokrenut 1.<br />novembra 1945. Po ugledu na Slobodnu Vojvodinu,<br />24. decembra 1944. pokrenut je prvi mađarski<br />dnevni list Szabad Vajdas&aacute;g, koji se od 27.<br />septembra 1945, objavljuje pod naslovom Magyar Sz&oacute;.<br />Omladinski list Ifjus&aacute;g Szava pojavio se 7. marta<br />1945, a od 17. marta 1951. objavljivan je kao Ifjus&aacute;g.<br />Oktobra 1946. pokrenut je list za žene Vajdas&aacute;gi Dolgoz&oacute; Nő koji posle šest brojeva menja naziv u</p><p>Dolgoz&oacute; Nő. Pored ovih izlazila su još dva<br />nedeljnika: 5. aprila 1946. pokrenut je 7 Nap, a 13.<br />novembra 1947. radnički list Dolgoz&oacute;k.<br />Prva vojvođanska mađarska knjiga iz oblasti<br />književnosti , antologija T&eacute;gl&aacute;k &eacute;s bar&aacute;zd&aacute;k (Cigle<br />i brazde), pojavila se 1947. godine. Mada su knjige<br />na mađarskom jeziku izlazile već od 1945, one su<br />bile mahom društveno-političke brošure u<br />službi aktualne politike i vladajuće ideologije.<br />U vrlo važna izdanja posle 1945. spadaju narodni<br />kalendari koji su štampani uvek krajem godine za<br />narednu godinu, a donosili su obilje književnih<br />priloga: pesme, novele, pripovetke i to u vreme<br />kada jedva da je bilo objavljenih mađarskih<br />književnih tekstova vojvođanskih pisaca. Ove<br />periodične publikacije su objavljivane u vrlo<br />velikom tiražu, (npr. Narodni kalendar za 1948. u<br />75000 primeraka), a često su imale i drugo izdanje,<br />što znači da su dospeli do širokih slojeva<br />čitalačke publike. U korpus tekstova uključeni su<br />i svi književni tekstovi iz kalendara do 1952.<br />godine.<br />U vidu priloga, sastavni deo disertacije<br />čine Bibliografija književnih priloga u<br />periodici i Bibliografija posebnih izdanja. Pored<br />toga, urađen je i Biografski leksikon pisaca koji se<br />spominju u radu.<br />Rezultali istraživanja i proučavanja ukazuju<br />na to da je u periodu 1947-1952 najvažnija<br />pokretačka snaga bila politika i propaganda, i da<br />je od njih zavisila uređivačka koncepcija listova i<br />časopisa. Naime, što je bilo više problema u<br />politici i spoljnoj politici, sve je bilo manje<br />književnih priloga u listovima. Politička<br />propaganda je bila skoro najvažnija, jer je<br />određivala tematiku književnog teksta, da li ona<br />odgovara očekivanoj ili preporučenoj temi. Od<br />stranih pisaca najviše su se objavljivani ruski, i<br />skoro u svakom članku ili kritičkom osvrtu preporučivala se ruska literatura kao uzor koji treba slediti. Znakovi promene modu se primetiti tokom 1951-1952. godine.U poslednje dve godine proučavanog perioda mnogo</p><p>je više književnih priloga u listovaima, teme su<br />raznovrsnije i čini se da je književnost manje<br />izložena dnevnoj politici, ali ona još uvek deluje<br />iz pozadine kao i ranije, a mnogi pisci još uvek su<br />zatočeni na Golom otoku.</p>

Os estuários são áreas de alta produtividade biológica. O estuário da Lagoa dos Patos constitui a área de criação, reprodução e alimentação de grande parte dos peixes que ocorrem no litoral sul do Brasil. A maior enseada rasa da zona estuarina é o Saco do Arraial, com hidrodinâmica singular, e palco de atuação pré-histórica de populações tradicionais na pesca. Atualmente, diversas comunidades de pesca atuam nesta enseada com explotação de peixe-rei (Odontesthes argentinensis), de siri (Callinectes sapidus), de tainha (Mugil sp) e, sobretudo, de camarão (Farfantepenaeus paulensis). Entre estas comunidades está a Coréia, situada na Ilha dos Marinheiros, segundo Distrito da cidade de Rio Grande. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o território de uma comunidade de pesca, a Coréia (Ilha dos Marinheiros RS), através de uma perspectiva etnooceanográfica. A perspectiva do território como conhecimento, não apenas o espaço, mas também o tempo é passível de ser apropriado constituindo os sinais de memória. Para atingir tais objetivos, um aparato metodológico, advindo das etnociências, foi utilizado: mapas cognitivo e vernacular, entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas, a técnica da turnê e a observação participante. As técnicas de coletas de dados foram utilizadas de forma a descrever o conhecimento das principais forçantes ambientais que conduzem a apropriação territorial em duas escalas: o território grupal e os pesqueiros. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que as fronteiras territoriais são também limites do conhecimento ecológico tradicional e que três cenários ecológicos interanuais de tomadas de decisão, mediadas pelas técnicas de pesca, são construídos com base na interface de três principais forçantes ambientais percebidas: as chuvas, os ventos e o ciclo migratório das espécies. A partir da dinâmica estuarino-biológica construída (cenários), funda-se ou abole-se pesqueiros, bem como as relações sociais que deles emergem, o que confere flexibilidade às fronteiras do território grupal. / Estuaries are high biological productivity areas. The Patos Lagoon Estuary is the growth, reproduction and feeding area of the most of fish in southern coastline of Brazil. The biggest shallow cove in the estuary zone is Saco do Arraial, it has a particular hydrodynamic, besides, it has been a pre-historical setting of traditional fishing population. Nowadays, various fishing communities work in this cove exploting fishes (Odontesthes argentinensis and Mugil sp), the blue-crab (Callinectes sapidus) mainly the pink-shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis). Among these communities is the Coréia, in Sailors Island, the second district of Rio Grande City. This paper aims to describe a fishing territory, the Coréia, from an ethnooceanographyc perspective. From the perspective of the territory as knowledge, not only space, but also time is apropriated; the later constituting memory signs. For these aims mental maps, open-ended and in-depth semi-structured interviewing, tour technique and participative research have been used. The data collection techniques were used in order to describe the knowledge from environmental forcings that defines territorial appropriation in two levels: communitarian and pesqueiros. The data showed that territorial lines are the limits of traditional ecological knowledge. Besides this, three inter annual ecological decision-making settings (decisions concerning fishing technique management) are built according to three environmental forcings (rains, winds and migratory cycle of fish) in relation to fishing technique management. From estuary-biological dynamic built (settings), reconstruct fishing places (pesqueiros) are established ou dismantled, as well as the social relations which arise from them. As a result, the borders of the group territory become flexible.

Nous abordons par le biais de ce journal un chapitre de la pensée réactionnaire en France après la Révolution – précisément en 1795 –, chapitre constitué par un journal favorable à la monarchie, à savoir La Quotidienne. Si le titre de notre thèse se focalise sur la Convention thermidorienne, le corpus de notre recherche comprend également le mois de décembre 1796, sous le Directoire, ce qui nous permet de mesurer l’évolution du journal entre ces deux systèmes politiques. Nous nous intéressons principalement à la littérature publiée dans La Quotidienne, sous des formes et des genres variés (poésie, dialogues, théâtre…), non sans avoir d’abord examiné le contexte de la publication : l’histoire politique de la Convention thermidorienne et la renaissance, timide et mesurée, de la liberté de la presse après le 9 Thermidor. Entre ces deux volets de notre recherche, nous proposons une description matérielle du journal (forme des articles, structuration en rubriques, souscription, etc.)Nous avons lu La Quotidienne d’un œil curieux et aussi objectif que possible ; mais surtout avec plaisir : notre intérêt pour ce journal est en effet né d’une double passion pour la littérature et pour la presse. Nous souhaitons que les lecteurs de cette recherche puissent éprouver le même intérêt pour un journal quelque peu oublié quant à sa période révolutionnaire, mais qui est un petit théâtre où se jouent en direct et de façon originale, les grands enjeux idéologiques de la période. / Our purpose throughout this research on La Quotidienne, a Parisian daily newspaper, is to deal with an aspect of reactionary thought in France at the end of the Revolution, in 1795 to be precise. Even though the title of this thesis focuses on the Thermidorian Convention, our research includes December 1796 issues, published therefore under the Directory rule. This allows us to consider the evolution of this paper between two political systems.Our thesis mostly focuses on the different genres and forms of literature published in La Quotidienne (poetry, dialogues, theatre…). It was however necessary to first consider the general context of publication: the political history of the Thermidorian Convention, as well as the timid and careful rebirth of press freedom after the 9th Thermidor. Between these two parts, we provide a material description of the newspaper (headings, articles, sections, subscription, etc.)We have read La Quotidienne with curiosity and as objectively as possible; but also with a pleasure derived from our strong attachment to literature and the press. We wish to convey some of this pleasure to our readers, when they discover this somewhat neglected newspaper – a small stage where the main ideas of the time are at play.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the available time management tools to evaluate the market and that are used in practice and most popular. The first part describes the existing principles of time and perception of time in terms of individuals and groups. A separate subsection is devoted to defining the concept of time management and description of the generations of time management. The second part is no longer specifically mentioned time management tools available on the Czech market. They are divided into two categories, and the devices used to control the time and the methods and principles of time management. The third part focuses on the evaluation questionnaires, which aimed to determine the use and popularity of time management tools. Specific findings and evaluation are summarized in the final part of the work.