Entendemos por suelo residual aquel material proveniente de la roca que no ha sido transportado desde su localización original y mantiene los planos de debilidad de la roca dentro de determinadas profundidades. El espesor del suelo residual depende del tipo de roca y varía con la edad y la intensidad de meteorización, la que a su vez, depende del clima y la pluviometría. Los suelos residuales no pueden considerarse aislados del perfil de meteorización del cual son una parte componente. Para definir su comportamiento y las posibilidades de ocurrencia de deslizamientos, interesan prioritariamente las estructuras geológicas que pasan a determinar la ocurrencia de potenciales fallas por sobre las propiedades del material que conforma la matriz. Estos suelos generalmente son muy heterogéneos lo que los hace difíciles de muestrear y ensayar y ya que muchas veces poseen zonas de alta permeabilidad, el suelo resulta muy susceptible a cambios rápidos de humedad, saturación, erosión y flujo, lo que incorpora una dificultad adicional al momento de evaluar su resistencia al corte para las condiciones más desfavorables. El conocimiento de la génesis de estos suelos y su distribución en la zona, permiten comprender y diferenciar sus características geotécnicas y comportamiento cuando sometidos a lluvias, variaciones bruscas de temperatura y diferentes estados de carga. El presente estudio busca caracterizar geotécnicamente los suelos residuales del batolito de la Cordillera de la Costa en las cercanías de la Ruta 68 a través de la descripción y medición de sus rasgos fundamentales, muestreo, ensayos y análisis de diferentes sectores, concentrando la zona de estudio en los taludes de los km 98.300, 100.800 y 105.400, lugares que han manifestado inestabilidad de diferente tipo. Para caracterizar este suelo se determinaron las propiedades-índice mediante los ensayos de humedad, límites de Atterberg, peso especifico, densidad natural seca del suelo, granulometría e índice de vacíos, todos ellos solo como parámetros comparativos. Además se determinó su resistencia a través del ensayo de corte directo, para lo cual fue necesario establecer una metodología especial orientada a evaluar la resistencia en los planos de debilidad observados. Los resultados de los ensayos de propiedades-índice indican que este suelo, en las profundidades ensayadas, está constituido por un limo de baja a nula plasticidad y en estado inalterado presenta superficies débiles con resistencia al corte caracterizadas por un ángulo de fricción 41º y 45º y unaque varía entre cohesión c en el rango de 0.1 [kg/cm2] a 0.5 [kg/cm2] El estudio de estabilidad de taludes en estos suelos residuales no debe ser el convencionalmente adoptado para suelos sedimentarios, sino que se ha de adaptar a fin de incorporar los rasgos característicos y las particularidades locales de estos suelos. Se deben incluir en el estudio de estabilidad factores que reducen la resistencia de estos suelos entre los que se cuentan el complejo régimen hidrogeológico, la humedad ambiental y la temperatura, así como las características geológico-geotécnicas, la topografía y demás condiciones ambientales.

[pt] A diversidade de estudos publicados nas últimas duas décadas no campo do empreendedorismo denota o esforço promovido pelas organizações e pelas sociedades para buscar novas formas de atuação e para enfrentar o desafio do hostil ambiente macro-econômico mundial e, conseqüentemente, do cenário de contínuas mudanças. Enquanto as organizações repensam suas práticas de contratação, de desenvolvimento e de retenção de rofissionais, cada vez mais as pessoas buscam alternativas de trabalho e condições de crescimento sócioprofissional frente às mudanças nas relações trabalhistas. Devido à complexidade deste contexto e às dificuldades existentes de definirem-se, com clareza, as condições que levam à formação das competências do empreendedor, este estudo descreve a influência que a experiência profissional de emprego formal nas organizações exerce sobre o desenvolvimento de certas competências necessárias para o indivíduo que assume a condição de empreendedor no exercício de sua atividade profissional. O estudo baseou- se em entrevistas com indivíduos residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro que passaram da situação de empregados para gestores de suas próprias carreiras. Os resultados mostram que o desenvolvimento das competências do empreendedor estudadas, as quais são também valorizadas pelo discurso das organizações para seus empregados, pode ser ajudado por elas por meio da criação de um ambiente autônomo, de uma gestão de desempenho que torne os indivíduos mais aptos a lidar com metas e objetivos, de uma comunicação facilitadora, de uma política de gestão do erro, da disseminação do conhecimento e de iniciativas que promovam a inovação. / [en] The diversity of studies published in the past two decades in the area of entrepreneurship expresses the effort promoted by corporations and societies to search new ways of acting and to face the challenge of the hostile macroeconomical environment and, in consequence, of the continuous changes scenery. While the corporations rethink their hiring, development and professional retention practices, more and more people look for labor alternatives and social and professional growing conditions in face of the changes in the labor relations. Due to the complexity of this context and the existing difficulties to define clearly the conditions which conduce to the generation of the entrepreneur competences, this study aims to describe how the professional experience in a formal job contributes for the development of certain competences necessary for the individual who assumes the entrepreneur condition in his/her professional activity. This study was based on interviews developed with individuals living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, who changed from employees to managers of their own careers. The results reveal that the entrepreneur`s competences here studied, which are also valued by the corporations` discourse towards their employees, can be helped by them through the creation of an autonomous environment, a performance management which make the individuals have more aptitude in dealing with goals and objectives, an easy-making communication, a politics for the fault management, the knowledge dissemination and initiatives which promote innovation.

[pt] Os mapas de características do compressor axial representam o desempenho deste por toda sua faixa de operação. Estes mapas podem ser utilizados para determinar o ponto de operação na simulação off-design. O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia de manipulação de mapas de características de compressores axiais, baseada nas metodologias já existentes. A rotina desenvolvida, denominada PCOMP, é capaz de obter uma nova linha de rotação, entre duas linhas adjacentes conhecidas. A distância entre duas linhas adjacentes conhecidas e a nova linha irá determinar a influência que cada uma terá nas características desta nova linha. Uma vez determinada a linha de rotação, os parâmetros são interpolados a fim de determinar a vazão mássica corrigida e eficiência isentrópica para a razão de pressão correspondente, dada na entrada da rotina. O método de ponderação para a determinação de novas linhas de rotação apresentou desvios menores que 3% para a vazão mássica corrigida e eficiência isentrópica. Comparando as saídas da rotina com dados de operação de uma usina real, foram encontrados desvios menores que 1% para a eficiência isentrópica. A rotina desenvolvida foi implementada no módulo de simulação do compressor da ferramenta de simulação de turbinas a gás denominada NGGT (Natural Gas & Gas Turbine), apresentando resultados satisfatórios. / [en] Axial compressor maps are able to represent the performance of all its operating range. These maps are used for determining the operating point in the off-design simulation. This thesis proposes a methodology for handling maps of axial compressors, based on existing methodologies. The model, called PCOMP, is able to obtain a new rotational speed line between two adjacent lines known. The distance between the known and the new line will determine the influence that each one will have in the characteristics of the new line. Once determined the speed line, one can find the operating point interpolating the known parameters to determine the corrected mass flow and isentropic efficiency for the corresponding pressure ratio given in the entry data of the routine. The weighting method using to determinate the new rotation speed line presented deviations smaller than 3% for the corrected mass flow and isentropic efficiency. By comparing the outputs of the developed code with the operating data of a real power plant, were found deviations smaller than 1% for the isentropic efficiency. The routine was successfully implemented in a gas turbine performance computer program, called NGGT (Natural Gas & Gas Turbine) model, which presented accurate and efficient simulations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wilson de Azevedo Marques.pdf: 1152311 bytes, checksum: d6de8c4789b3e08757a648498238adbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-17 / The objective of the research that gave origin to this text was to try to locate in our society, by means of it analyzes of innumerable readings and for being Brazilian, the question of the Social Invisibility that exists. The present study analysis brings the one of the History of the dictatorship period and after, and the society - subject object placing itself systematically in favorable situation in the first order of the benefits that has right and priority in the social evolution. Many explanations has been offered so that this vulnerability and invisibility are not remained or if they justify, enclosing since the attribution of guilt of the proper Brazilian nature until factors and weak questions and disinterested politics in the proposals of a social visibility. Much little the National State has contributed to stimulate the development of what really it interests, that is, to provide well-being of sectors of the population - what it would transform it, in effect to be able of State. We must consider that it has much to argue in responsibility terms administrative-politics, but we will examine only one brief period that in them seems to be a repetition of many others that had only appeared and imported in searching proper and to fortify them in the authoritarian model. This discussion involves the concept of invisibility which is followed by the conclusions of the true Republic with direct consequence in the society, preventing a dissociation of interests of State and Society. Still in the present study, we decline the theoretical inspiration of thinkers as Jurgen Habermas and its recent theoretical concerns. We do not forget , to appeal to other authors as Michael Foucault in its concern with the constitution of the citizen and Hannah Arendt giving emphasis in the social promotion as essential condition for the growth of a nation. Finally, the work suggests the recognition of the social identity as became a strong politics of the civil society and only factor essential to structuralize the State in its collaborating paper of the society / O objetivo principal da pesquisa que deu origem a este tema e ao texto desenvolvido foi tentar localizar em nossa sociedade por meio da análise de leituras de teóricos nacionais e internacionais um possível processo de invisibilidade social existente no Brasil. Para isto, partimos do período ditatorial e pós, e os reflexos destes períodos na sociedade, ainda hoje colocada em situação desfavorável em relação à dimensão dos direitos fundamentais. Abordamos também o conceito de Identidade como elemento importante no processo de transformação e emancipação. Um leque de considerações foi pesquisado para justificar o problema, desde a atribuição de culpa da própria índole brasileira até fatores e questões políticas fracas e desinteressadas nas propostas de uma visibilidade social, e ainda, a atuação da pós-modernidade como fator alienante do sujeito. Muito pouco o Estado Político tem contribuído para estimular o desenvolvimento do que realmente interessa, ou seja, proporcionar o bem-estar de amplos setores da sociedade e possibilitar a concretização do Texto Constitucional. Devemos considerar que há muito que se discutir em termos de responsabilidade administrativa-política, mas examinaremos apenas um breve período e seus reflexos políticos e econômicos com entrevistas e considerações teóricas para refletirmos sobre este momento. A essa discussão, que envolve o conceito de invisibilidade e subalternidade, seguem-se, no decorrer do trabalho, procurando demonstrar que o sujeito coletivo acaba vivendo a insatisfação que não o garante como cidadão de um Estado Democrático, criando em sua identidade individual um processo de dissociação de interesses na busca de uma sociedade melhor. Ainda no presente estudo, declinamos a inspiração teórica de pensadores como Jürgen Habermas, Márcio Pugliesi e Antonio Carlos Ciampa, em suas preocupações com o sintagma Identidade, Metamorfose e Emancipação do sujeito nos tempos modernos. Desta forma, a pesquisa sugere o desenvolvimento de estratégias sintonizadas com o Estado Democrático através de movimentos sociais como forma do resgate e de fortalecimento da identidade individual ou coletiva e até o elemento jurídico como instrumento de ação capaz de buscar no judiciário a providência necessária

El presente trabajo es un estudio de la campaña "Representantes de lo nuestro" de Marca Perú, en el que se problematiza la manera en que los agentes del estado -de la mano de consultores publicitarios- utilizan los saberes, herramientas y técnicas del marketing comercial como nuevos instrumentos de gobernanza. Dichos instrumentos -legitimados desde las teorías del nation branding- son utilizados con el propósito de modelar las subjetividades de los ciudadanos, gestionar sus comportamientos y enunciar una serie de discursos con los cuales justificar la implementación de medidas políticas y económicas neoliberales. Asimismo, a lo largo del presente estudio, se analiza en qué medida los participantes de esta campaña efectivamente se adhieren, resisten, re interpretan y/o negocian los imperativos performativos y modelos de subjetividad impulsados desde el estado. / Tesis

[pt] Apresenta-se, neste estudo, uma proposta de modelagem conceitual do construto potencial exportador de pequenas empresas brasileiras. Existem poucos estudos no Brasil sobre as barreiras ou o desempenho exportador de pequenas empresas. Falta um modelo recente que identifique as características que diferenciam exportadores de não exportadores potenciais. O modelo foi desenvolvido com base em uma abordagem teórica baseada em ampla revisão de literatura. O modelo conceitual é composto por três dimensões e 47 indicadores distribuídos em cada uma das dimensões propostas. O modelo conceitual proposto deve ser considerado preliminar e testado empiricamente em futuros estudos. / [en] This study presents a conceptual modeling of the export potential construct of small Brazilian companies. There are few studies in Brazil about the barriers or export performance of small firms. There is no recent model that identifies the characteristics that differentiate exporters from potential non-exporters in the international management literature. This model was developed based on a theoretical approach coming from a large literature review. The model is composed of three dimensions and 47 indicators distributed in each of the proposed dimensions. The proposed conceptual model should be considered preliminary and has to be empirically tested in future studies. Besides the conceptual modeling proposal, this research contributes to unite the seminal internationalization literature with the most recent literature on international entrepreneurship and born globals.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania Maia Barcelos.pdf: 980393 bytes, checksum: 3bf47ddc8f527167dabe4c376e6e9d17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims at problematizing the contemporaneous subjectivity. In order to achieve this goal, I propose an alliance with the samba, a Brazilian musical gender. I hypothesize that such an alliance can make the subjectivity create strategies of existence, which oppose to hegemonic ways produced by the market of this so called mainstream capitalist regime. Taking into account authors who support an ethical, political and aesthetic perspective of thinking, I work on experimentations I have been through with the samba. I also dialogue with composers, singers and researchers of samba. In these meetings, I point out the intensive features, such as joy, pain and the power of invention which make rhythms of life and the politics of commercializing of affection move. I realize that samba can be a strong ally of the Brazilian subjectivity, especially when it invents run away lines as affirmative resistance strategies. By doing so, the samba can update the ethical vector of the anthropophagous mark of the culture made in the country. This vector can question the identity principle of the disciplinary society still ongoing in Brazil, as well as the flexibility and experimentation principle of the control society soon to be implanted. What it suggests is a devir-samba that crosses the subjectivity with its ability of listening to the body as place for contemporary obstacles inscriptions and of having games and plays with them, providing us all with amusing ways of life which are carriers of a confrontation of such obstacles. It is this transforming ability of the samba that interests me to circumscribe / Buscando problematizar a subjetividade contemporânea, proponho, neste trabalho, uma aliança com o samba, gênero musical brasileiro. Parto da hipótese de que essa aliança pode favorecer a subjetividade a criar estratégias de existência, na contramão das formas hegemônicas produzidas pelo regime capitalista vigente. Na esteira de autores que sustentam uma perspectiva ética, política e estética do pensamento, tento explorar as experimentações que realizo junto ao samba e as interlocuções com alguns sambistas e pesquisadores deste gênero musical. Nestes encontros, privilegio, sobretudo, os aspectos intensivos que deslocam os ritmos de vida dominantes e a política de mercantilização de afetos, tais como a alegria, a dor e a força de invenção que mobilizam. Percebo que o samba pode ser um forte aliado da subjetividade brasileira, quando inventa suas linhas de fuga como estratégias de resistência afirmativa e atualiza o vetor ético da marca antropofágica da cultura produzida no país. Tal vetor tem o poder de colocar em xeque tanto o princípio identitário da sociedade disciplinar ainda em curso no Brasil, quanto o princípio de flexibilidade e experimentação da sociedade de controle em vias de implantação. O que ele sugere é um devir-samba que atravessa a subjetividade, com sua capacidade de estar à escuta do corpo como lugar de inscrição dos impasses que se colocam na contemporaneidade e de fazer com eles jogos e brincadeiras em prol da criação de inusitadas formas lúdicas de vida, portadoras de um enfrentamento de tais impasses. É este poder transformador do samba que me interessa circunscrever

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-13T11:40:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Amélia Güllnitz Zampronha.pdf: 1998985 bytes, checksum: 70b0f01a0a58b950d3e61a32496f5f52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T11:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Amélia Güllnitz Zampronha.pdf: 1998985 bytes, checksum: 70b0f01a0a58b950d3e61a32496f5f52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This thesis aims to analyse the potential for knowledge produced in the field of Psychology to provide social critique. This objective was pursued here from an analysis made to part of Dante Moreira Leite’s work. Dante was an intellectual who has played an important role in the history of Brazilian Psychology. His work in the regulation of psychologist profession, dissemination of the science in question, translation of 49 books regarding Psychology, Sociology, Methodology of social research and Education and as a researcher of the fields of Psychology and Education, among which prejudice, ideology and Brazilian national character are of great recognition. It is important to highlight and display his work insofar as the present research analyses and discusses unresolved social, political, psychological and educational issues, mentioned in his writings, and that remain under discussion as of today. Leite´s first publishes, in 1950, refer to the conveyance of moral values and prejudice through children's textbooks. Afterwards, in his doctoral dissertation in 1954, he expanded the study of prejudice conducting then a study regarding Brazilian national character. He reaches the conclusion that the concept is used as ideology to justify social differences and does not mean the awareness of a nation’s unity, but rather an obstacle to achieve freedom. More than ten years later, in 1969, the author publishes a book, entitled The Brazilian national character: history of an ideology, in which he reports the continuity of his research, in a more detailed way and with analysis of a greater number of authors and theories. The researcher examines the relationship between national character, ethnocentrism, nationalism, prejudice and ideology. He arrives at similar conclusions. However, this time, he finds theories which he identifies as forms of overcoming the national character’s ideology. The relevance of these studies lays in how, even at different moments during his career, Leite was able to develop as a researcher, as he progresses on the understanding of topics of his interest. Even more because his writes examine Brazilian society as well as the way it is portrayed in national literature and the thinking that characterized the theoretical developments of the first half of the twentieth century. All things considered, these works of Dante Moreira Leite were chosen as the most relevant research source for this study. The main goal is to identify how the researcher developed the concepts of ideology and prejudice. The hypothesis, which has been confirmed, is that his concept of ideology limits his analysis to the psychological field, without the possibility of social critique. This study is grounded on the critical theory of society / Esta tese tem como tema o potencial de crítica social do conhecimento científico produzido pela Psicologia. Analisa parte da obra de Dante Moreira Leite, intelectual que exerceu importante papel na história da Psicologia brasileira por meio de sua atuação na regulamentação da profissão de psicólogo, da divulgação da ciência, da tradução de 49 livros de Psicologia, Sociologia, Metodologia da pesquisa social e Educação e como pesquisador de temas de Psicologia e Educação, dentre os quais destacam-se o preconceito, a ideologia e o caráter nacional brasileiro. É importante retomar a sua obra na medida em que o pesquisador analisa e debate temas sociais, políticos, psicológicos e educacionais não superados, que permanecem em discussão. Suas primeiras pesquisas publicadas, em 1950, referem-se à transmissão de valores morais e de preconceito em livros didáticos infantis. Posteriormente, na tese de doutoramento, de 1954, amplia o estudo do preconceito, realizando um estudo acerca do caráter nacional brasileiro, chegando à conclusão de que esse conceito é empregado como ideologia para justificar diferenças sociais e não significa a tomada de consciência da unidade de um povo, mas, sim um obstáculo à formação de um povo livre. Mais de dez anos depois, em 1969, o autor publica um livro, intitulado O caráter nacional brasileiro: história de uma ideologia, em que relata a continuidade que deu a esse estudo, de forma mais ampla e detalhada. O pesquisador verifica as relações entre caráter nacional, etnocentrismo, nacionalismo, preconceito e ideologia. Chega conclusões semelhantes, com a diferença de que, dessa vez, identifica teorias que considera formas de superação da ideologia do caráter nacional. Esses estudos são relevantes porque, realizados em diferentes momentos da trajetória do intelectual, revelam seu desenvolvimento como pesquisador, conforme avança na compreensão dos temas de seu interesse e porque investigam a sociedade brasileira, a forma como é retratada na literatura nacional e o pensamento que caracterizava o desenvolvimento teórico da primeira metade do século XX. Por isso, foram escolhidas como fonte para análise desta pesquisa. O objetivo é identificar como o pesquisador desenvolveu os conceitos de preconceito e ideologia. A hipótese, que foi validada, é que o conceito de ideologia empregado pelo autor limita sua análise ao âmbito psicológico, sem que a crítica social seja possível. O referencial teórico para a fundamentação da pesquisa e análise é a teoria crítica da sociedade

Competition studies with soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. "Bragg." and sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L., were conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of the University of Florida in Quincy, Florida. Two field experiments were established, one on May 22, 1975. and the other four weeks later, on June 19, 1975, to determine the competitive effects of various sicklepod densities and the influences of soybean row distances on weed dry matter, soybear plant characteristics, yield components and seed yield, and on soil nutrient content. Control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities in the first experiment were O, 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 p1ants/ha, respectively; while the second experiment presented control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities of O, 36,000, 68,000, and 122,000 plants/ha, respectively. Three soybean row distance treatments were tested using a constant pattern of 90-, 60-, and 45-cm widths throughout the growing season. Three other treatments, evaluated in a variable patern, were initially seeded in 30-cm row widths. Five weeks after planting, an appropriate number of soybean rows were harvested from the 30"cm pattern to establish row distances of 90, 60, and 30-60 cm for the remainder of the season. ln the greenhouse a test was conducted to evaluate the effects af those variables on seed germination and seedling vigor for the next soybean generation. As a result of full-season sicklepod competition, soybean plants were less branched, set fewer leaves, and presented thinner stems as compared to the control. However, height of soybean plants was not affected by the presence of sicklepod. ln one of the two experiments, number of nodes decreased for soybeans under weed campetition. The yield components--number of pods; number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--were all similarly reduced due to weed competition. Seeds per pod were decreased to a lesser extent. Soybean seed yields per unit area were significantly diminished by increasing levels af sicklepod ínfestation. While the control produced 3120 kg/ha, the sicklepod densities of 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 plants/ha reduced seed yíelds 47, 65, and 73%, respectively. As soybean row distances decreased, number of branches, number of leaves, and stem diameter of soybeans decreased. However, the height of soybean plants increased with narrwing of row width. The components of seed yield--number of pods, number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--diminished as row spacing was reduced. Maximum difference between row distances for these attributes was attained for soybean plants under weed-free conditions. Generally, as row width decreased, soybean seed yield per unit area increased. Specifically, soybear.s in 90-cm rows, either in constant or variable row pattern, yielded less than soybeans in 60- and 30-60-cm rows in the variable pattern. Soil contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were not affected by the various levels of sicklepod and soybean populalions. Neither the sicklepod densities nor the soybean row distances influenced seed germination and seedling vigor in the next soybean generation. Sicklepod was a strong competitor with soybeans at all density ranges investigated. Because sicklepod grows taller than soybeans during the reproductive stages of the crop, limited success can be reached by varying row spacing alone. However, this practice is considered an integral measure to complement other methods of sicklepod control. Compared to constant rows, the soybean cropping system using variable row spacings presents the choice of planting soybeans at close row spacings to provide early competition with weeds and the possibility of obtaining a forage crop after the first month of growth, without any decreases on the final seed yields.

Competition studies with soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. "Bragg." and sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L., were conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of the University of Florida in Quincy, Florida. Two field experiments were established, one on May 22, 1975. and the other four weeks later, on June 19, 1975, to determine the competitive effects of various sicklepod densities and the influences of soybean row distances on weed dry matter, soybear plant characteristics, yield components and seed yield, and on soil nutrient content. Control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities in the first experiment were O, 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 p1ants/ha, respectively; while the second experiment presented control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities of O, 36,000, 68,000, and 122,000 plants/ha, respectively. Three soybean row distance treatments were tested using a constant pattern of 90-, 60-, and 45-cm widths throughout the growing season. Three other treatments, evaluated in a variable patern, were initially seeded in 30-cm row widths. Five weeks after planting, an appropriate number of soybean rows were harvested from the 30"cm pattern to establish row distances of 90, 60, and 30-60 cm for the remainder of the season. ln the greenhouse a test was conducted to evaluate the effects af those variables on seed germination and seedling vigor for the next soybean generation. As a result of full-season sicklepod competition, soybean plants were less branched, set fewer leaves, and presented thinner stems as compared to the control. However, height of soybean plants was not affected by the presence of sicklepod. ln one of the two experiments, number of nodes decreased for soybeans under weed campetition. The yield components--number of pods; number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--were all similarly reduced due to weed competition. Seeds per pod were decreased to a lesser extent. Soybean seed yields per unit area were significantly diminished by increasing levels af sicklepod ínfestation. While the control produced 3120 kg/ha, the sicklepod densities of 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 plants/ha reduced seed yíelds 47, 65, and 73%, respectively. As soybean row distances decreased, number of branches, number of leaves, and stem diameter of soybeans decreased. However, the height of soybean plants increased with narrwing of row width. The components of seed yield--number of pods, number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--diminished as row spacing was reduced. Maximum difference between row distances for these attributes was attained for soybean plants under weed-free conditions. Generally, as row width decreased, soybean seed yield per unit area increased. Specifically, soybear.s in 90-cm rows, either in constant or variable row pattern, yielded less than soybeans in 60- and 30-60-cm rows in the variable pattern. Soil contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were not affected by the various levels of sicklepod and soybean populalions. Neither the sicklepod densities nor the soybean row distances influenced seed germination and seedling vigor in the next soybean generation. Sicklepod was a strong competitor with soybeans at all density ranges investigated. Because sicklepod grows taller than soybeans during the reproductive stages of the crop, limited success can be reached by varying row spacing alone. However, this practice is considered an integral measure to complement other methods of sicklepod control. Compared to constant rows, the soybean cropping system using variable row spacings presents the choice of planting soybeans at close row spacings to provide early competition with weeds and the possibility of obtaining a forage crop after the first month of growth, without any decreases on the final seed yields.