Stroke är den näst vanligaste orsaken till funktionsnedsättning och död i världen. Vid en stroke kan livet förändras plötsligt och medför ofta en stor omställning för individen. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka patienters upplevelse av att ha drabbats av en stroke, upplevelse av tiden på sjukhus i direkt anslutning till stroke. Litteraturstudien genererade elva vetenskapliga artiklar och vars resultat resulterade i fyra teman: Den oförutsägbara kroppen, Förlusten av identitet, I vårdarens händer och Viljan och hoppet om livet. Patienters upplevelser visar att god omvårdnad är anpassad utefter varje individ. Att drabbas av en stroke upplevdes som att mista sin självständighet, genom förlust av förmågor som medförde att patienter blev beroende av andra. Att bli beroende upplevdes som en svår situation och det skapade en känsla av att förlora sin kropp och identitet, då förmågor som tagits för givet var förlorade. Upplevelserna och behoven var individuella och bör utgå från varje enskild person. Genom att ta reda på hur patienter upplever att drabbas av en stroke kan det bidra till en ökad förståelse för enskilde individen och dess behov, vilket resulterar i en bättre omvårdnadskvalitet. / Stroke is worldwide the second common cause to disabilities and death. At a stroke life can sudden change and is often a great conversion for the individual. The purpose with this literature review was to investigate patients experiences of suffering a stroke, in directly connection to hospitalization. The literature review generated in eleven scientific articles that resulted in four themes: The unpredictable body, Loss of identity, In the hands of the caregiver and The will and hope of life. Patients´ experiences show that they consider the care as good when the care is custom along each individual. Suffering a stroke was experienced as a loss of independency, thru loss of abilities that resulted in that patients became dependent of others. To become dependent of others was experienced as difficult and it created a feeling of losing its body and identity, when abilities that were taken for granted was lost. The experiences and the needs from individuals should arise from each person. By investigating how patients experience the suffering of a stroke it could contribute to an increased understanding for the individual and its needs, which results in a better quality of nursing.

The intent of this body of work and research is to reveal a process by which I can create work that reflects my point of view and background, or propriospect. This process of combining my Hispanic heritage and American upbringing is one I hope to model for my students in the art classroom. I created five works reflecting my personal point of view by combining techniques and styles used in my native Chile with some that I learned as I grew up in the United States. Through this study I determined a process by which my students can create work that is both personally significant and informative to the other students in the classroom.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Bakgrund: När en katastrof inträffar är behovet av sjuksköterskor stort. Sjuksköterskors uppgift vid en katastrof är bland annat att ge akutsjukvård, att ge psykologiskt stöd samt att minska riskerna för ytterligare hälsoproblem. Få studier visar på sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att arbeta i en katastrof. Syfte: Att belysa svenska sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda personer i ett katastrofdrabbat område. Metod: Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes, därefter analyserades data genom en latent kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom tre huvudkategorier; Arbetsmiljö, Sjuksköterskekompetens och Kultur. Det var viktigt för sjuksköterskan att kunna anpassa sig till en ny arbetsmiljö. Det var även viktigt att som sjuksköterska ha arbetserfarenhet innan ett uppdrag. Sjuksköterskorna hade en stor kommunikativ roll både i att utbilda och ha en dialog med närstående och patienter. Slutsats: Arbetsmiljö, sjuksköterskekompetens och kultur var betydande faktorer för sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av att arbeta i ett katastrofdrabbat område. Förslag på vidare forskning: Forskningsområden som författarna av föreliggande studie anser behöver belysas är; utveckling av logistik och kommunikation, hur etiskt vårdande kan genomföras samt forskning angående journalsystem och hur omvårdnadsteorier kan appliceras under katastrofarbete. / Background: When a disaster occurs, the need for nurses is large. Nurses' roles in a disaster is to provide emergency care, support and protect people from health problems. Few studies show the nurse's experiences of working in a disaster. Aim: Is to highlight the Swedish nurses' experiences of caring for people in a disaster area. Method: Five semi-structured interviews were conducted, the data were analysed with a latent qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified; Working environment, The nursing competence and The culture. The result showed that it is important nurses to be able to adapt to new environments and to have work experience before the mission. The nurses had a great communicative role, both in teaching and in dialogue with relatives and patients. Conclusion: Working environment, the nursing competence and the culture was significant factors in the nurse's experiences of working in a disaster. Further research: Areas of research that the authors of the present study is considered to be illuminated; development of logistics and communications, how the ethical care can be implemented in disaster work, research on medical record systems and how nursing theories can be applied in disaster work. / <p>Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium 2017</p>

Bakgrund: I dagsläget finns djur inom vården med ett brett spektrum för att assistera människan med rent praktiska saker. Terapi med djur inom psykiatrin har dock inte etablerat sig på samma sätt med strukturerad evidens som i den somatiska vården. Både barn med psykiatriska handikapp och personer med demens har studerats tillsammans med djurterapi, men studier på patienter med psykisk ohälsa är få. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av djurterapi hos patienter med psykisk ohälsa samt granska den metodologiska aspekten undersökningsgrupper i valda artiklar. Metod: Artikelsökning skedde vid Högskolan i Gävle under hösten 2016 i databaserna MedLine via PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO. Sökord i MeSH-termer var “Animal assisted therapy”. Vid sökning i fritext användes sökorden “Mental disorders”, “Psychiatric disorders” och ”experience”. Dessutom genomfördes en manuell sökning med relevans för inklusionskriterier, syfte och frågeställningar. Artiklar lästes individuellt och gemensamt. Därefter sammanställdes resultat och tabeller. Huvudresultat: Totalt 11 artiklar ingick i litteraturstudien. Artiklarna redovisar övergripande positiva resultat så som en källa till glädje, samhörighet och en känsla av att vara behövd, ökad livskvalitet, självkänsla och ökad social förmåga. I avseende på depression framkom både positiva och negativa resultat. Slutsats: Resultaten i föreliggande litteraturstudie visar att terapi med djur kan ge positiva upplevelser hos patienter med psykisk ohälsa. Detta genom att stärka självkänsla, förmåga att lättare klara av vardagen och underlätta sociala kontakter. För sjuksköterskan kan kunskap och evidensstöd inom djurterapi utgöra ett verktyg i dennes yrkesutövning. Speciellt inom klinisk omvårdnad för att överbrygga interaktion och främja patientens hälsoprocess. Dock är studierna få inom detta ämne och ett bättre kunskapsunderlag är önskvärt för att kunna använda djurterapi på ett evidensbaserat arbetssätt inom vården. / Background: In today’s caring of human beings we find animals to assist in a lot of different ways. Therapy with animals has been studied in younger persons and people with dementia but in persons with psychiatric disorders few studies have been made. Purpose: The aim of this article was to describe experiences of animal assisted therapy (AAT) in patients with psychiatric disorders and survey the methodological aspect investigational groups in the articles. Method: Search of articles was made at Högskolan in Gävle during autumn 2016 using database MedLine and WebCrawler PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO using MeSH search word “Animal assisted therapy”. Words used in free text search were “Mental disorders”, “Psychiatric disorders” and ”experience”. Manual search was also made according to relevance, aim and question formulation. Selected articles were read individually and together results and tables were then compiled. Result: This review includes 11 articles. Predominant results were shown regarding experiences as a source of joy, feeling of belonging and to be needed, quality of life, self-esteem and social interaction and lower anxiety. Both positive and negative results were found when it comes to depression. Conclusion: AAT seems to have positive influence in patients with psychiatric disorders regarding better self-esteem, encourage managing daily life and facilitate social interaction. In nursing this knowledge might be a tool to use in clinical care-giving. This could help nurses to support patients to conquer interaction and promote health progress. Howsoever few studies have been made in this topic and better basis of knowledge is desirable to be able to use AAT in nursing based on evidence.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção do cuidado e as correlações entre as concepções do estudante de enfermagem, do enfermeiro e do professor de enfermagem através de um instrumento, construído com base nos conceitos e classificações de MORSE (1990). Seus trabalhos contêm definições de cuidado, evidenciadas através de técnicas de esclarecimento, envolvendo o cuidar como uma característica humana, como um imperativo moral ou ideal, como afeto, como relação interpessoal e como ação terapêutica de enfermagem. O instrumento foi elaborado, após análise sistemática de 227 redações de alunos de enfermagem, sobre o cuidado e seus significados. As 50 afirmativas, selecionadas, agrupadas por categoria, foram por duas vezes analisadas por juízes e o índice de desempenho por fator. O instrumento final, sob a forma de uma escala ordinal tipo Likert de cinco pontos de concordância sobre o objeto psicológico, recebeu o nome de Escala de Avaliação do Significado do Cuidar (EASC), com 45 afirmativas, distribuídas pelas cinco categorias (característica pessoal humana, imperativo moral, afeto, relação interpessoal e intervenção terapêutica), com nove proposições em cada uma. Os 171 sujeitos foram alunos dos cursos de graduação e especialização da UNIARARAS, enfermeiros atuantes em instituições de saúde de Araras/SP e docentes do curso de Enfermagem, da UNIARARAS. Os dados foram digitados e processados através de programas informatizados, específicos para o estudo; receberam tratamento estatístico para que fosse possível analisar a existência ou não de diferenças entre os grupos de sujeitos e as categorias. Foram calculados os valores das freqüências absolutas e percentuais das respostas de cada sujeito, por grupo e por categoria, calculadas as medianas e o nível de significância e empregada prova não paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis para verificar se eram significantes as diferenças entre os quatro grupos. Igualmente testou-se, dentro de cada grupo, a eventual diferença entre categorias. Nos grupos, as maiores diferenças evidenciam-se entre as concepções de alunos e professores. Nas categorias, no seu conjunto, os escores de professores e alunos são próximos assim como os de especializandos e enfermeiros da prática, com diferenças significativas entre os dois agrupamentos. As diferenças são mais evidentes na concepção de cuidado como característica pessoal humana e como imperativo moral. A discussão dos resultados conduz para a necessidade de maior afinação entre o embasamento teórico ministrado no ensino e sua aplicação no exercício efetivo da profissão. / The purpose of this study was to apprehend the perception of caring and its correlations with the process of caring in the conception of the professor of nursing, the student of nursing and the nurse, through an instrument developed on the basis of Morse’s concepts and classifications( MORSE (1990)), which contain implicit and explicit definitions of care, evidenced through clarification techniques that had allowed the explanation of five ontological classifications: Caring of as a characteristic human being; b) Caring as a moral or ideal imperative; c) Caring as affection; d) Caring as interpersonal relation; and e) Caring as therapeutical action of nursing. The instrument, named Scale of Evaluation of the Meaning of Caring (EASC), was elaborated after systematic analysis of 227 writings of students of the courses of graduation and specialization in nursing, about caring and its meanings, from which we extracted a great number of affirmative phrases and selected them, grouping 10 for category to be analyzed. Then the instrument was formatted, under the form of an ordinal scale Likert type of 5 points, with the same order. Likert supports that an attitude (psychological property) constitutes a disposal for the action).We verified the degree of adhesion of the individual to the series of affirmations to be answered, in a scale where he has to say if he agreed, was in doubt or disagreed in face of the affirmation on the psychological object.The final version was a scale with 45 affirmations, distributed for the 5 categories, with 9 proposals in each one. The answers were registered through a software adjusted for manipulation of the data, and we then got the values of the absolute and percentile frequencies of the answers of each citizen, for group and category, and calculated the mean rates and the level of significance. The statistical tests were used to verify if the differences between the 4 groups were or not significant. Equally it was tested, inside each group, the eventual difference between categories.The data were registered and analyzed, typed and processed through specific programs for this study, receiving statistical treatment so that it was possible to analyze the existence or not of differences between the groups and the categories. The results showed differences among the groups, implying that what is thought in the university is not in consonance with the reality seen in a profession which since the last decade of the XXth century has considered caring as the referencial landmark in a new paradigm of nursing. This approach, despite the relevance for the profession, has not received attention on the part of who teaches it, who practises it and who receives it.