Submitted by Cristina Moreira de Sousa (cris.sousa.bio@hotmail.com) on 2018-11-16T19:09:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_FINAL.pdf: 12822240 bytes, checksum: 95a68963a7d69ea36b5f1c6e387b657e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-11-21T12:04:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_cm_dr_rcla.pdf: 12288951 bytes, checksum: cc35b50df2f7b0c64472eb843e2439ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T12:04:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_cm_dr_rcla.pdf: 12288951 bytes, checksum: cc35b50df2f7b0c64472eb843e2439ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A cana-de-açúcar é uma das principais culturas mundialmente difundida e a alta produtividade resulta na geração de inúmeros resíduos. A vinhaça, resíduo da produção do etanol tem chamado a atenção devido suas características e propriedades, quando empregada na fertirrigação das culturas de cana-de-açúcar. Diversos benefícios foram descritos, ganhos na fertilização e enriquecimento do solo, bem como aumentos na produtividade. Entretanto, a vinhaça também apresenta substâncias que podem ser nocivas, afetando negativamente a fauna existente nos locais de aplicação do resíduo. Frente a essa problemática, diversos estudos foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de melhor compreender os impactos da vinhaça no meio ambiente e, mesmo diante dos benefícios que a fertirrigação com a vinhaça implica economicamente ainda há a necessidade de maiores cuidados com a utilização do resíduo no campo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um tratamento para a vinhaça, ajustando seu pH em 7,0 (neutro) utilizando cal (CaO), com a intenção de amenizar sua toxicidade para posterior uso no solo, visto que, um dos grandes problemas apresentados pela vinhaça é o pH ácido. O uso de cal foi escolhido por ser este produto utilizado em campo para correção do solo. Foi associado o uso de diversos biomarcadores à bioindicadores de solo, além de testes ecotoxicológicos para avaliar o efeito da vinhaça bruta em comparação à vinhaça tratada. Diplópodos da espécie Rhinocricus padbergi foram expostos à vinhaça em sua forma bruta e tratada com CaO, na concentração estabelecida pela Norma da CETESB, e ao dobro desta mesma concentração, simulando uma situação de super dosagem. A análise do intestino médio destes animais por meio das ferramentas ultraestruturais, imunohistoquímica e marcação de morte celular revelou que a vinhaça bruta pode ocasionar danos nos tecidos dos animais expostos e que o tratamento desta vinhaça surtiu efeito na diminuição desses danos. Testes ecotoxicológicos de fuga e reprodução, padronizados mundialmente pela Organização Internacional de Normalização (ISO), foram realizados com as espécies Eisenia andrei, Enchytraeus crypticus e Folsomia candida; de um modo geral, observou-se que as espécies E. crypticus e F. candida não tiveram seus comportamentos influenciados pela vinhaça bruta e nem pela vinhaça tratada, mas a espécie E. andrei apresentou-se mais sensível a presença da vinhaça no solo demonstrando comportamento de fuga em concentrações mais elevadas de vinhaça bruta e tratada, e, no teste de reprodução, respondeu a exposição à vinhaça tratada, com aumento no número de juvenis em relação a vinhaça bruta. Logo, o emprego da vinhaça na fertirrigação ainda requer cuidados, uma vez que seus efeitos nocivos são notórios, e nesse sentido, a alternativa de neutralizar seu pH pode representar uma medida de emprego desse resíduo com menos impacto. / Sugarcane is one of the main crops worldwide and the high productivity results in the generation of many wastes. Vinasse, the residue of ethanol production, has attracted attention because of its characteristics and properties, when used in the fertirrigation of sugarcane crops. Several benefits have been described, gains in fertilization and soil enrichment, as well as increases in productivity. However, the vinasse also presents substances that can be harmful, negatively affecting the fauna existing in the places of application of the residue. Faced with this problem, several studies were developed with the purpose of better understanding the impacts of vinasse in the environment and, even in view of the benefits that fertirrigation with vinasse implies economically, there is still a need for greater care with the use of the residue in the field. In this context, the objective of this work was to propose a treatment for vinasse, adjusting its pH to 7.0 (neutral) using lime (CaO), with the intention of mitigating its toxicity for later use in the soil, since one of the great problems presented by vinasse is acid pH. The use of lime was chosen because this product is used in field for soil correction. It was associated the use of several biomarkers to soil bioindicators, as well as ecotoxicological tests to evaluate the effect of raw vinasse in comparison to the treated vinasse. Diplopods of the species Rhinocricus padbergi were exposed to vinasse in their raw form and treated with CaO, at the concentration established by the CETESB Standard, and at twice the same concentration, simulating a super dosage situation. The analysis of the midgut of these animals using ultrastructural tools, immunohistochemistry and cell death marking revealed that raw vinasse can cause damage to the tissues of the exposed animals and that the treatment of this vinasse had an effect in reducing these damages. Ecotoxicological tests of the avoidance and reproduction tests, standardized worldwide by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), were carried out with the species Eisenia andrei, Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida; in general, E. crypticus and F. candida were not influenced by raw vinasse or treated vinasse, but the E. andrei species was more sensitive to the presence of vinasse in the soil, demonstrating in the higher concentrations of raw and treated vinasse, and in the reproduction test, the exposure to treated vinasse responded, with an increase in the number of juveniles in relation to raw vinasse. Therefore, the use of vinasse in fertigation still requires care, since its harmful effects are notorious, and in this sense, the alternative of neutralizing its pH can represent a measure of the use of this residue with less impact. / CAPES: 001

No description available.

?rea de concentra??o: Ci?ncias farmac?uticas. / Incluir como ag?ncias financiadoras: Grupo Coimbra das Universidades Brasileiras (GCUB) e Organiza??o dos Estados Americanos (OEA). / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) maria_angelica_mera_cordoba.pdf: 4879022 bytes, checksum: 13557ebc3d06581da850d1f24cc11a52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-19T16:40:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) maria_angelica_mera_cordoba.pdf: 4879022 bytes, checksum: 13557ebc3d06581da850d1f24cc11a52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T16:40:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) maria_angelica_mera_cordoba.pdf: 4879022 bytes, checksum: 13557ebc3d06581da850d1f24cc11a52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O Cerrado mineiro possui muitas esp?cies vegetais utilizadas na medicina popular, dentre elas est?o a Pseudobrickellia brasilensis , a Miconia ferruginata e Ageratum fastigiatum, plantas popularmente usadas como analg?sico, cicatrizante e anti-inflamat?rio. Estudos realizados no Laborat?rio de Imunologia da UFVJM indicaram que extratos destas plantas possuem efeito inibit?rio sobre a ativa??o de linf?citos humanos in vitro. Em virtude disso, e com base em relatos populares sobre uma poss?vel a??o antitumoral, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi pesquisar se estes extratos apresentariam ou n?o efeito citot?xico sobre a linhagem tumoral Jurkat, utilizando-se concentra??es n?o t?xicas, j? avaliadas sobre c?lulas mononucleares do sangue perif?rico humano (PBMC). Uma vez que os extratos vegetais foram dilu?dos no solvente Dimetilsulf?xido (DMSO), inicialmente investigou-se a concentra??o m?xima de DMSO que n?o alteraria a viabilidade das c?lulas Jurkat ap?s 24, 48 e 72 horas de cultura. O efeito citot?xico dos extratos foi avaliado sobre linf?citos tumorais (Jurkat) e sobre linf?citos humanos de volunt?rios h?gidos pelo m?todo de exclus?o com azul de tripan, com exce??o das culturas tratadas com P.brasilensis, onde a viabilidade foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo. Tamb?m foram calculados os ?ndices de seletividade e percentuais de efic?cia dos extratos com rela??o ao f?rmaco antineopl?sico Paclitaxel. Foi avaliada tamb?m a interfer?ncia desses extratos sobre as fases do ciclo celular das c?lulas Jurkat, bem como os mecanismos de morte envolvidos na a??o citot?xica dos extratos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o DMSO n?o apresentou efeito t?xico sobre as c?lulas Jurkat na concentra??o de 1%v/v nos tr?s tempos de incuba??o, sendo esta a concentra??o de solvente utilizada em todos os ensaios realizados. Extratos etan?licos das folhas da P. brasilensis (PBf) a 200?g/mL, das partes a?reas da A. fastigiatum (Afpa) a 50?g/mL e extratos etan?licos e aquosos da M. ferruginata (Mfet, Mfaq) a 125?g/mL mostraram maior toxicidade sobre as c?lulas Jurkat principalmente ap?s 72h de tratamento. O tratamento, por 24h, com extrato Afpa 50 ?g/mL mostrou ser o mais seletivo e eficaz com rela??o aos outros extratos. Foi evidenciado em todos os extratos, que nas maiores concentra??es, ap?s de 24 horas de tratamento, houve uma inibi??o na progress?o da fase G2M do ciclo celular. O extrato das partes a?reas de Ageratum fastigiatum tamb?m produziu uma reten??o dessas c?lulas na fase G0-G1. Todos os extratos induziram a apoptose as c?lulas Jurkat, onde o n?mero de c?lulas em apoptose tardio foi predominante em rela??o aos processos necr?ticos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The Cerrado Mineiro has many vegetable species used in folk medicine. Plants like Pseudobrickellia Brasilensis, Miconia ferruginata and Ageratum fastigiatum are widely used as analgesic, healing or anti-inflammatory. Studies carried on the Immunology Laboratory (UFVJM) shown that extracts from these plants has inhibitory effects in the activation of in-vitro-cultured human lymphocytes. In this way, and based on folk stories related with their anti-tumor action, the main objective of this work was research about the cytotoxic effect of this plants on Jurkat tumor line-cell cultures, using as first experiment non-toxic extract concentrations previously proved on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBCM). Once the vegetable extracts were diluted in dimetilsulfoxide (DMSO), previously, the maximum DMSO concentration not-altering cell viability was determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cytotoxic effect was studied using the exclusion method with tripam blue on tumor lymphocytes (Jukart) and human lymphocytes, donated by healthy volunteers, except for P.brasilensis treated line cells, for which cell viability was studied by flux cytometer. The selectivity index and extracts efficiency percentage were calculated and related with the antineoplastic Paclitaxel drug. The extracts interference on the Jukart cell cycle phases and the cell death mechanisms related with the cytotoxic activity were evaluated. According to the obtained results, DMSO does not show cytotoxic effects on Jukart cells in 1% (v/v) concentration at the three incubation times, being this the solvent concentration used in all the experiments. Ethanol extracts of P. brasilensis leaves (PBf) at 200?g / mL, aerial parts of A. fastigiatum (Afpa) at 50?g / mL and M. ferruginata aqueous and ethanolic extracts (Mfet, Mfaq) at 125?g / mL showed higher Toxicity on Jurkat cells mainly after 72h of treatment. The 24 h treatment with Afpa at 50 ?g/mL was the most selective and effective in comparison with the other tested extracts. It was evidenced in all extracts, that at the highest concentrations, after 24 hours of treatment, there was an inhibition in the progression of the G2M phase of the cell cycle. The extract of Ageratum fastigiatum aerial parts also produced the G0-G1 phase retention. All extracts induced Jukart cell apoptosis, and cell number on late apoptotic phase predominated on the necrotic ones.

La mort des hépatocytes est un des éléments initiateurs de la progression des maladies hépatiques par l’induction de processus inflammatoires et de régénération. Ces événements, bénéfiques à court terme pour le rétablissement de l’homéostasie hépatique sont parfois dérégulés et peuvent conduire au développement de la fibrose, de la cirrhose, voire d’un carcinome hépatocellulaire. Ainsi, les voies conduisant à la mort des hépatocytes et leur blocage comme une potentielle approche thérapeutique sont aujourd’hui étudiées. Les cellules de l’immunité innée et acquise sont responsables de l’induction ou de l’amplification de cette hépatolyse, principalement via l’expression et la libération de ligands de mort appartenant à la superfamille du TNF-α, dont TNF-α, FasL et TRAIL. Des travaux suggèrent le rôle des protéines RIPK1 et PARP1/2 dans l’induction de l’hépatolyse dans l’hépatite induite par la Concanavaline A (ConA) chez la souris. Par l’utilisation de modèles chimiques et génétiques, nous avons étudié l’implication de ces protéines dans le processus de mort des hépatocytes.Tout d’abord, nous nous sommes intéressés au double rôle de la protéine RIPK1 dans le contrôle de la vie et la mort de l’hépatocyte. En bloquant son activité kinase nous avons confirmé son rôle dans l’induction de l’hépatolyse dans l’hépatite induite par la ConA. Cependant, en utilisant des souris conditionnellement déficientes pour RIPK1 dans les cellules parenchymateuses hépatiques (LPC) (Ripk1LPC-KO) nous avons révélé sa fonction nécessaire à la survie des hépatocytes et au maintien de l’homéostasie hépatique au cours de l’hépatite. Ces travaux démontrent que l’absence de RIPK1 sensibilise les hépatocytes à l’apoptose induite par le TNF-α en déstabilisant la protéine TRAF2. Ainsi RIPK1 joue un rôle clef dans la protection des hépatocytes au cours des hépatites induites par la ConA, le lipopolysaccharide (LPS), les motifs CpG ou induite par une co-administration d’IFN--γ et de TRAIL recombinantes. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence que RIPK1 protège partiellement de l’hépatolyse et de l’hépatite induite par l’activation de Fas. Enfin, nous avons montré que l’absence de la protéine PARP2 conduisait à une diminution du nombre de NKT invariants systémiques, dont hépatiques, conduisant à une inhibition de la mort des hépatocytes induite par l’administration de ConA. Ces travaux ont permis de préciser le rôle de RIPK1 et de PARP2 dans les hépatites aiguës. La capacité de RIPK1 à contrôler la mort et la survie de la cellule suggère son implication au cours des hépatites chroniques et ouvre la porte à son investigation dans les maladies hépatiques humaines. / Hepatocyte death is a starting point of liver disease progression by promoting inflammatory and regenerative processes. These events are beneficial at the beginning of the pathology for the restoration of hepatic homeostasis. However when they are unregulated, they lead to the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is important to study the signaling pathways leading to the hepatocyte death as their inhibition is a potential therapeutic approach to reduce liver diseases progression. Innate and acquired immune cells play key roles in the induction or amplification of hepatolysis, mainly mediated by expression and release of death ligands belonging to the TNF-superfamily including TNF-α, FasL and TRAIL. Some studies had already suggested the role of RIPK1 and PARP1/2 proteins in the induction of hepatocyte death during hepatitis induced by Concanavalin A (ConA) in mice. Through chemical and genetic approaches, we studied the role of these proteins in the hepatocyte death process during hepatitis. First, we were interested in the dual role of RIPK1 protein that controls the cell fate by promotingsurvival or death. By blocking its kinase activity, we confirme its role in the induction of liver injury induced by ConA. However, using specific conditional mice deficient in RIPK1 only in liver parenchymal cells (LPC) (Ripk1LPC-KO), we reveale its necessary function in the protection of hepatocyte during hepatitis. These works demonstrate that deletion of RIPK1 sensitizes hepatocytes to TNF-α-induced apoptosis by TRAF2 destabilization. Thus RIPK1 plays a key role in the protection of hepatocytes during hepatitis induced by ConA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), DNA-CpG, or recombinant IFN-γ and TRAIL co-administration. In addition, we demonstrate that RIPK1 partially protects from hepatitis and hepatocyte death induced by the activation of Fas. Finally, we showe that PARP2 deficiency leads to a systemic decrease of the number of the invariant NKT-subpopulation of lymphocytes, including in the liver, which prevente hepatocyte death during ConA hepatitis. To conclude, this work helps to clarify the roles of RIPK1 and PARP2 during acute hepatitis. The ability of RIPK1 to control hepatocyte death and survival suggests its involvement during chronic hepatitis and opens the door to its investigation into human liver diseases.

x, 83 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Programmed cell death (PCD) is a critical process during development and maturity of vertebrates and invertebrates. Aberrations in PCD are responsible for numerous developmental abnormalities and diseases in humans. Cell death pathways are surprisingly similar across species, so the study of PCD in simpler organisms such as insects provides important insight into the roles of cell death in higher animals including humans. Metamorphosis of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , provides an excellent model system in which to study PCD. During metamorphosis, many obsolete larval structures undergo PCD, largely in response to changes in circulating levels of steroid hormones known as ecdysteroids. These effects of ecdysteroids are particularly striking in the nervous system, where many larval neurons undergo PCD or functional remodeling during metamorphosis. One wave of neuronal PCD takes place during the first 24 hours of metamorphosis while a second follows adult emergence. Studies in another insect, Manduca sexta , suggested that the rise in ecdysteroids that initiates metamorphosis, the prepupal pulse, may trigger the first wave of neuronal PCD in Drosophila . This dissertation investigated steroid-regulated neuronal PCD in Drosophila by studying an individually-identified larval motoneuron, RP2. Using molecular genetics, ïmmunocytochemistry and primary cell culture, I showed that abdominal RP2s undergo PCD within the first 24 hours of Drosophila metamorphosis; identified a role for previously-identified PCD genes and ecdysteroid receptors in RP2's demise; and demonstrated that the prepupal pulse of ecdysteroids acts directly and cell-autonomously on RP2s to activate PCD. These experiments advance our understanding of hormonally-induced cell death and its regulation within the developing nervous system. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material. / Adviser: Janis C. Weeks

Le lipopolysaccharide (LPS), un composant de la membrane des bactéries à Gram-négatif, active l’inflammasome non-canonique constitué chez l’homme des caspase-4/5 et chez la souris de la caspase-11 ainsi que de la protéine effectrice GasderminD. Chez l’homme nous ne savons toujours pas si il y a d’autres acteurs impliqués dans cette voie de signalisation. Notre équipe a précédemment démontré que le LPS sous-acylé de Francisella novicida active la caspase-4 humaine mais pas la caspase-11 murine. Cette différence inexpliquée nous a fait émettre l’hypothèse qu’un cofacteur pourrait faciliter la détection du LPS de F. novicida dans les cellules humaines. Afin de tester notre hypothèse, et de manière générale d'identifier de nouvelles protéines impliquées dans cette voie de signalisation, nous avons réalisé un crible CRISPR/Cas9 pan-génomique sur la base de la survie de monocytes humains de la lignée U937 après transfection de LPS. Notre crible a identifié IRF2 comme étant l’unique protéine impliquée en plus de GasderminD et caspase-4. Les monocytes IRF2-/- étaient complètement résistants à la transfection de LPS et affichaient un niveau de caspase-4 très diminué. Nos résultats démontrent qu’IRF2 est le principal régulateur de l’expression de caspase-4 à l’état basal. De manière intéressante, après un traitement par l’interféron ou une différentiation en macrophages IRF2 n’est plus requis pour la pyroptose. A la place IRF1 et IRF2 coopèrent pour réguler le niveau de caspase-4 et donc la sensibilité au LPS dans le cytosol. Nos travaux ont permis d’identifier les mécanismes de régulation de caspase-4 à l’état basal, en présence d’interféron, et dans des macrophages différenciés. Nous avons montré que IRF1/IRF2 sont des régulateurs clés de la détection du LPS cytosolique et donc du choc septique TLR-4 indépendant / Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria membrane activates the non-canonical inflammasome involving human caspase-4/5 or its murine ortholog caspase-11 and the cell death effector GasderminD. It is still unclear whether other players act in this cascade especially in human cells. Our lab previously demonstrated that the under-acylated LPS from Francisella novicida activates human caspase-4 but not caspase-11. This difference remains unexplained and led us to hypothesize that a co-factor could assist caspase-4 in the sensing of F. novicida LPS in human cells. To test this hypothesis, and in a more general manner identify new proteins involved in this pathway, we performed a genome wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen based on the survival of human U937 monocytes after LPS delivery into the cytosol. Our screen identified interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) as the only protein beside caspase-4 and GasderminD involved in cell death following under-acylated or E. coli LPS transfection. IRF2-/- monocytes were fully resistant to LPS transfection-mediated death and displayed a large reduction in caspase-4 levels. Our results demonstrate that IRF2 is the master transcriptional regulator of caspase-4 at steady state. Interestingly, upon IFN treatment or macrophage differentiation, IRF2 is no longer fully required for pyroptosis. Instead, IRF1 and IRF2 cooperate to regulate caspase-4 level and LPS susceptibility. Our work identified the caspase-4 regulatory network at steady state and during IFN exposure or macrophage differentiation and IRF1/2 as key regulators of the cytosolic detection of LPS, which plays a role in TLR4-independent endotoxic shock

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_ts_me_araca.pdf: 548631 bytes, checksum: f32592933503d19bda6a960ab1bf825c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Embora a insuficiência renal ocorra com bastante freqüência na espécie canina, não se sabe se essa condição, a semelhança do que ocorre em humano, compromete o funcionamento dos poliformonucleares (PMN). O superóxido produzido pelo metabolismo oxidativo dos PMN exerce importante papel na resposta imune inata, destruído os patógenos fagocitados, entretanto, quando em excesso age de modo deletério promovendo a aceleração da apoptose. Testou-se a hipótese de que, a semelhança do que ocorrer em humanos, as toxinas presentes no soro de cães urêmicos alteram o metabolismo oxidativo e acelera a morte celular programada dos neutrófilos de cães normais. Para tal o sangue total e polimorfonucleares isolados de dez cães sadios foram incubados com soro urêmico. A produção de superóxido foi quantificada pelo teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT) e o índice apoptótico calculado pelo método morfométrico. A produção de superóxido gerada dos neutrófilos de sangue total tratados com soro urêmico apresentou significante redução (p < 0,05). Quando isolados e incubados com soro urêmico, apenas na metade das amostras os PMN apresentaram concomitantemente diminuição da produção de superóxido e aumento do índice apoptótico. Foi possível concluir que os componentes presentes no soro urêmico alteram ex vivo o metabolismo oxidativo e a apoptose dos PMN, fortalecendo a hipótese de que cães com de insuficiência renal têm sua imunidade inata comprometida. / Although kidney failure occurs frequently on canine species, it is unknown if this condition, being similar to what occurs in human beings, jeopardized the functioning of the polymorphonuclear (PMN). The superoxide produced by the oxidative metabolism of the PMN plays an important role in the immune inherent answer, having destroyed the pathogenic phagocytized. However, when in excess it acts in a deleterious way promoting the acceleration of apoptosis. It was tested by the hypothesis that, similar to what occurs in humans, the toxins present in the serum of uremic dogs alter the oxidative metabolism and accelerates the programmed cellular death of the neutrophis of normal dogs. For that, the total blood and polymorphonuclears isolated from ten healthy dogs were incubated with uremic serum. The production of superoxide was quantified by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) and the index apoptic was calculated by the morphometric method. The production of superoxide generated from the neutrophil of total blood treated with uremic serum presented significant reduction (P<0.05). When isolated and incubated with uremic serum, only on half of the sample the PMN presented concomitantly a reduction of production of superoxide and increase of apoptotic index. It was possible deduct that the components present in the uremic serum alter ex vivo the oxidative metabolism and the apoptosis of the PMN, consolidating the hypothesis that dogs having kidney failure have their inherent immunity jeopardized.

abstract: The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is essential for the innate immune response to danger signals. Importantly, the NLRP3 inflammasome responds to structurally and functionally dissimilar stimuli. It is currently unknown how the NLRP3 inflammasome responds to such diverse triggers. This dissertation investigates the role of ion flux in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Project 1 explores the relationship between potassium efflux and Syk tyrosine kinase. The results reveal that Syk activity is upstream of mitochondrial oxidative signaling and is crucial for inflammasome assembly, pro-inflammatory cytokine processing, and caspase-1-dependent pyroptotic cell death. Dynamic potassium imaging and molecular analysis revealed that Syk is downstream of, and regulated by, potassium efflux. Project 1 reveals the first identified intermediate regulator of inflammasome activity regulated by potassium efflux. Project 2 focuses on P2X7 purinergic receptor-dependent ion flux in regulating the inflammasome. Dynamic potassium imaging revealed an ATP dose-dependent efflux of potassium driven by P2X7. Surprisingly, ATP induced mitochondrial potassium mobilization, suggesting a mitochondrial detection of purinergic ion flux. ATP-induced potassium and calcium flux was found to regulate mitochondrial oxidative signaling upstream of inflammasome assembly. First-ever multiplexed imaging of potassium and calcium dynamics revealed that potassium efflux is necessary for calcium influx. These results suggest that ATP-induced potassium efflux regulates the inflammasome by calcium influx-dependent mitochondrial oxidative signaling. Project 2 defines a coordinated cation flux dependent on the efflux of potassium and upstream of mitochondrial oxidative signaling in inflammasome regulation. Lastly, this dissertation contributes two methods that will be useful for investigating inflammasome biology: an optimized pipeline for single cell transcriptional analysis, and a mouse macrophage cell line expressing a genetically encoded intracellular ATP sensor. This dissertation contributes to understanding the fundamental role of ion flux in regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and identifies potassium flux and Syk as potential targets to modulate inflammation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biological Design 2015

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-19T13:23:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato.pdf: 2253066 bytes, checksum: 04567ef3aaa1fd3c33944fec7ac526d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-26T12:32:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato.pdf: 2253066 bytes, checksum: 04567ef3aaa1fd3c33944fec7ac526d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T12:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato.pdf: 2253066 bytes, checksum: 04567ef3aaa1fd3c33944fec7ac526d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / CAPES / Torquato, H.F.V. Avaliação da atividade e do mecanismo de ação antileucêmica da cantinona. 2014. 73 f. Dissertação apresentada à Coordenação de Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Saúde, Área de Farmacologia. A leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) é uma doença maligna de natureza proliferativa, em que as células leucêmicas não terminam o processo de diferenciação celular. Na terapia padrão da LMA é necessária intensa quimioterapia, a qual é acompanhada de baixas taxas de remissão, por longos períodos e toxicidade. Portanto, novas opções terapêuticas para o tratamento da leucemia são necessárias. A cantinona (Cant) representa uma subclasse de alcaloides beta-carbonílicos, isolada de plantas, especialmente das famílias Simaroubaceae e Rutaceae. São referidas atividades antiulcerogênica, antibacteriana e antifúngica para a Cant, e atividade citotóxica, antimalárica e antiviral para alguns análogos sintéticos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o potencial antitumoral e mecanismo de ação da Cant em linhagens celulares de LMA. Para tanto, a atividade citotóxica foi realizada nas linhagens Kasumi-1 e KG-1 por meio da marcação com anexina V e iodeto de propídeo após tratamento com Cant (28; 56; 113 e 227 μM) por 24 h. Verificou-se a ação do alcaloide sobre diferentes parâmetros celulares em células Kasumi-1 (45 μM), tais como integridade das membranas lisossomais e mitocondriais, ativação de caspases 3, 8 e 9, expressão de importantes proteínas relacionadas à sobrevivência das células (ERK 1/2 e Bcl-2). Adicionalmente, foi avaliada a capacidade da Cant (14 μM) em induzir a diferenciação mielóide em ambas linhagens celulares. Os resultados mostraram que a Cant apresentou potencial atividade antitumoral com CI50 de 38,9±1 μM para Kasumi-1 e 39,1±1 μM para KG-1. A Cant promoveu permeabilização lisossomal demonstrada pelo extravasamento do corante laranja de acridina dos lisossomos para o citosol e produziu queda em 54,6% (p<0,001) no potencial de membrana mitocondrial. A ativação das caspases 3 e 8 foram seguidas pelo aumento na fluorescência na ordem de 2,4 (p<0,01) e 2,5 (p<0,05) vezes, respectivamente, comparadas as células que não receberam tratamento e a caspase 9 (p<0,01) elevou o sinal em 2,1 vezes. A expressão proteica de ERK 1/2 e Bcl-2 foram reduzidas, sendo mais expressiva para 45 μM de Cant (43%, p< 0,01) no caso de ERK 1/2 e com 135 μM (53%, p< 0,01) para Bcl-2. Na diferenciação celular, verificou-se aumento na expressão de CD15+ e CD 11b+, na ordem de 2,5 vezes (p<0,001), nas células Kasumi-1 tratadas com 14 μM de Cant, quando comparado às células não tratadas. Contudo, em células tronco leucêmicas (CD34+CD38-Lin) houve redução na expressão destas em aproximadamente 7 vezes (p<0,001), em relação às células sem tratamento (controle). Em KG-1 tratadas com 14 μM de Cant, a expressão de CD15+ foi elevada na ordem de 2,5 vezes (p<0,001), porém nenhuma diferença foi observado para CD11b+, enquanto a expressão de células tronco leucêmicas dobrou (p<0,001). Esses dados em conjunto demonstram que a Cant apresenta atividade antitumoral em células LMA, sendo a morte celular mediada pelas ativações das vias extrínseca e intrínseca da apoptose, possivelmente, com maior contribuição da via mitocondrial, com participação importante dos lisossomos neste mecanismo. Em adição aos seus efeitos sobre a proliferação de células leucêmicas, Cant apresentou importante ação na diferenciação celular, o que a credencia como importante candidato a fármaco antitumoral na LMA, uma vez que a doença é passível de sofrer terapias baseadas na diferenciação, o que atualmente fornece melhor prognóstico ao paciente. / Torquato, H.F.V. Evaluation of the activity and mechanism of action antileukemic of canthinone. 2014. 73 f. Dissertation submitted to the Health Science Post Graduate Programs Coordination of the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, as a partial requirement for the degree of Master in Health Sciences. Pharmacology Area. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant proliferative disease, where the leukemic cells do not complete the cell differentiation process. The standard therapy of AML includes intensive chemotherapy despite of its association with a low rate of remission afterward, it is also has been considered as long-term treatment with a significant toxicity. Therefore, a development of new therapeutic approaches might impact on treatment of AML. The canthinone (Cant) is a beta-carbonyl subclass of alkaloids isolated from plants, specifically Simaroubaceae and Rutaceae families. Certain activities such as antiulcer, antibacterial and antifungal were referred to Cant, whereas other activities [cytotoxic, antimalarial and antiviral] referred to some forms of its synthetic analogues. The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor potential of Cant in AML cell lines. For this, the cytotoxic activity was performed in the lines Kasumi-1 and KG-1 marked by annexin V and PI after treatment with Cant (28, 56, 113 and 227 μM) for 24 h., where the action of its antitumor mechanism it action was investigated in Kasumi-1 cells (45 μM). The action of the alkaloid on different cell parameters was evaluated, such as the integrity of lysosomal and mitochondrial membranes, caspases 3, 8 and 9 activation, expression of important proteins related to cell survival (ERK1/2 and Bcl-2). In addition, we evaluated the ability of Cant (14 μM) to induce myeloid differentiation in both cell lines. The results showed that Cant has a potential antitumor activity with IC50 of 38.9 ± 1 μM for Kasumi-1 and 39.1±1 μM for KG-1. As well as a lysosomal permeabilization effect demonstrated by leakage of acridine orange dye from the lysosomes to cytosol, causing a drop of 54.6% (p< 0.001) in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The activation of caspases 3 and 8 were followed by an increase in fluorescence at 2.4 (p< 0.01) and 2.5 (p< 0.05) times respectively, compared to untreated cells, and caspase 9 (p< 0.01) increased 2.1 times the signal. The protein expression of ERK 1/2 and Bcl-2 was reduced, more expressively from 45 μM of Cant (43%, p<0.01) on ERK 1/2 and 135 μM of Cant (53 %, p<0.01) on Bcl-2. In the evaluation of cell differentiation, an increase of 2.5 times (p<0.001) noticed with the expression of CD15+ and CD 11b+ in Kasumi-1 cells treated with Cant (14 μM) compared to untreated cells. However, the results shows a decrease in the expression of leukemic stem cell markers (CD34+ CD38-Lin-) with approximately 7-fold (p <0.001) in comparison with control. In KG-1 cell line treated with Cant (14 μM), CD15+ expression rose up to 2.5 times (p<0.001). The expression of leukemic stem cells markers was doubled (p<0.001) with no difference in CD11b+. All these data has been shown, that Cant has antitumor activity in AML cells via cell death mechanism through activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, possibly with a greater contribution of the mitochondrial pathway with a significant lysosomal role. In addition to its effects on the proliferation of leukemic cells, Cant showed a significant action on cell differentiation, which qualifies it as a candidate for antitumor drug for AML treatment, where the disease therapy can be based on differentiation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:49:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tavares_da_me_rcla.pdf: 1649415 bytes, checksum: d91732a9d17cd88d3398c4e351769dd7 (MD5) / Com o objetivo de determinar a CL50 e analisar a morfologia do cérebro de larvas de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera tratadas com o inseticida tiametoxam, larvas de operárias de 1º ístar foram coletadas de colméia saudável do apiário pertencente ao Departamento de Biologia da Unesp, Rio Claro/SP e transferidas para cúpulas de poliestireno esterilizadas, as quais continham dieta larval. Após a transferência, as cúpulas foram mantidas à temperatura de 34±2º C e UR de 85±5º %, sendo as larvas alimentadas diariamente do 1º ao 6º dia. Para a alimentação no 4º dia, preparou-se o alimento contendo diversas concentrações de tiametoxam obtendo-se uma gama de diluição, variando de 0,01 a 250ng de tiametoxam/μl de dieta, e então fornecendo-o a 24 larvas/concentração. Após 24 e 48horas de exposição in vitro ao inseticida, o número de indivíduos mortos foi contabilizado e os dados submetidos à análise estatística. Seguindo os mesmos procedimentos acima descritos, foram realizados bioensaios laboratoriais de intoxicação subletal aguda e crônica para a análise morfológica e imunocitoquímica do cérebro. Após o bioensaio, foram coletadas 5 larvas de 5º instar inicial (24h após a intoxicação), 5 larvas de 5º ínstar final (48h após a intoxicação) e 5 pré-pupas 72h (após a intoxicação) para as análises morfológica e imunocitoquímica, tanto para os grupos tratados como para o controle. Larvas foram dissecadas sob estereomicroscópio com luz fria, à temperatura ambiente, em uma placa de dissecção contendo fixador. Com auxílio de bisturi, foi removida a extremidade anterior de cada larva. As larvas foram processadas rotineiramente, fixadas e lavadas no tampão do respectivo fixador. Para a análise morfológica, as larvas foram desidratadas e incluídas em historesina. As secções histológicas do material incluído em resina foram coradas com... / Aiming to determine the LC50 and analyze the brain morphology of larvae of honeybees Apis mellifera treated with the insecticide thiamethoxam, worker larvae of the 1st Istar were collected from the hive healthy apiary of the Department of Biology, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP and transferred to sterile plastic queen-starter cell, which contained the larval diet. After the transfer, the sterile plastic queen-starter cell were maintained at 34 ± 2 º C and RH of 85 ± 5%, the larvae fed daily from the 1st to 6th day. To power on the 4th day, prepared food containing various concentrations of thiamethoxam resulting in a dilution range, varying from 0.01 to 250ng of thiamethoxam/microl diet, and then providing it to 24 larvae / concentration. After 24 and 48 hours of in vitro exposure to the insecticide, the number of dead individuals was counted and data subjected to statistical analysis. Following the same procedures described above, experiments were conducted laboratory sublethal acute and chronic toxicity for morphological analysis and immunocytochemistry of the brain. After the bioassay, were collected five larvae of five instar stages (24 h after intoxication), 5 larvae of 5th instar period (48 h after intoxication) and 5 pre-pupae 72h (after intoxication) for morphological analysis and immunocytochemistry, both for the groups treated as for the control. Larvae were dissected under a stereomicroscope with cold light, at room temperature in a dissection plate containing fixative. With the aid of a scalpel, we removed the anterior end of each larva. Larvae were processed routinely, fixed and washed in the buffer of the respective fastener. For morphological analysis, larvae were dehydrated and embedded in historesin. The histological sections of material embedded in resin were stained with hematoxylin eosin. As for the immunohistochemistry, after the larvae were dehydrated and embedded in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)