The non-interest and profit-loss sharing schemes of Islamic finance (IF) are attracting increasing global attention. Despite exposure to the similar opportunities as other Western countries that have adopted the financial business model there is little evidence of Islamic finance windows operating in the conventional institutions in Canada. This thesis takes a qualitative approach to bring the issue forward in Canadian social science literature by exploring the perceived challenges to, and the potential of, the development of IF offerings with a focus on factors affecting the supply and management decisions in the industry. The study used an inductive approach with archival data and critical survey of literature to arrive at the hypotheses surrounding the challenges. These were tested deductively by semi-structured interviews and panel discussions both in Canada and the US on a sample of senior officials involved in both IF and conventional financial institutions. Using a thematic analysis the study arrived at findings supporting the hypotheses related to awareness, regulation, management intent and internal resources. In the external environment, factors affecting strategic decision on offering IF services are mainly due to regulation, lack of awareness, even among Muslim communities, or misgivings about Sha’riah authenticity. Internally, highly customized IT infrastructures, lack of funds and foreign investment make it unfeasible. Management interest when proposed with the concept is high but not in a top-down manner and there is an overall uncertainty avoidance culture and little proactivity with market research. Access to specific Sha’riah knowledge is not considered a hurdle anymore. It is apparent that investments in Sha’riah compliant stocks would be easiest to set up. Mortgage structures can be affected by the capital market structure, even if not tax structures. Knowledge on this can have implications for banks seeking to expand their investment portfolios and aid government policies.

Many software development organizations today are keen on improving their software development processes in order to develop software products faster, cheaper or better. For that reason, Software Process Improvement (SPI) has received significant attention from the research community over the last few decades. Process maturity models have become widely known for benchmarking software processes against predefined practices and for identifying processes to be improved or implemented, whereas process improvement approaches were developed for guiding the actual process improvement process. However, despite a wide number of provided guidelines on how to standardize the processes and how to run process improvement efforts, only a few SPI initiatives have succeeded. About 70% of the SPI initiatives fail and a significant number do not even get started. Many studies argue that the success of the SPI initiatives is dependent on the organizational, social and managerial aspects of process improvement. Those aspects however are not sufficiently covered by the existing SPI approaches and models. The little knowledge on organizational, social and managerial aspects of SPI that is available is mostly scattered across the domain. Hence, there is lack of a holistic overview of the current SPI domain that provides sufficient coverage of organizational, social and managerial aspects of SPI. This thesis has explored the organizational, social and managerial aspects of SPI and placed them into the context of the SPI domain. Its main research result is Software Process Improvement Framework (SPIF). The framework provides an overview of the SPI domain and positions theories representing organizational, social and managerial aspects of SPI in the context of existing SPI approaches, models, methods and practices. SPIF is based on the existing theoretical framework for SPI environment proposed by Sami Zahran. The SPIF framework has been additionally complimented with four additional outcomes of this study. Those are: 1) a list of organizational, social and managerial factors facilitating SPI effort, 2) a list of contextual factors impacting process change, 3) a process model for guiding software method adoption, and 4) a checklist representing the properties of successful and sustainable SPI projects. The research was based on a strong industrial cooperation. As many as thirty software development organizations were involved in this research. Methodologically, the research was conducted in line with the inductive reasoning, which guided the research into building the knowledge from empirical studies. However, at some stages of this research, literature studies were incorporated. The main research methods of this study are action research and case studies, whereas data collection methods are primarily structured interviews, participatory observations and surveys. The thesis concludes that implementing a recommended software development processes or practices using well defined SPI approaches is not enough. In order to implement successful and lasting process improvement, organizations also need to consider organizational, social and managerial aspects of SPI. The SPIF framework and other results of this thesis may significantly benefit software development organizations that plan to conduct software process change, or have already done it. These organizations may use SPIF for getting an overview of the process improvement process and the theories, methods and tools that should support it. The other results of this thesis can be used for: 1) incorporating organizational, social and managerial aspects in process changes, 2) for adapting process improvements in various organizational contexts, 3) for guiding adoptions of new software development methods, and finally 4) for evaluating and improving process improvement efforts. / <p>QC 20140213</p>

This study is an exploration of a change management intervention tool described here as the Hypothetical'. This tool is not described in organisation literature, but many of its functions and features can be found in theories relating to, for example, organisational communication, change management, leadership and team dynamics. The Hypothetical does, however, appear as a discussion forum in the popular media. In the 1980s and 1990s, the high profile television program, Hypotheticals, hosted by Geoffrey Robertson QC, dramatised decision making processes, and teased out some of the moral dilemmas inherent in social and political problems, utilising high profile panelists from the social, political and business elites. In the 1990s, the Hypothetical made a transition from the television screen to the management meeting room and the executive suite. The researcher of this study has similarly used the Hypothetical in his capacity as a communications consultant for a number of public and private client organisations. With this background, this study was undertaken to explore the Hypothetical and to identify those functions and features that define its appropriateness as an intervention for organisational communication and change. The findings from this study are founded on two aspects a review of relevant organisation literature, and data from the presentation of a specific Hypothetical intervention to the public organisation Centrelink Queensland. The Hypothetical tool, as identified in this study, is a one-off, 90 minute performance involving a facilitator, audience, and members of a panel who represent the organisation in which semi-fictitious storylines are meant to symbolise elements in the cultural life of the organisation. The study also identifies a Hypothetical process in which research methods that are applied, before and after the intervention performance, help to identify the functions and features of the intervention. The features of the Hypothetical, as an intervention are viewed through the lens of Goffman's 1959) classic theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism, where the organisation is conceptualised as 'theatre', and the motivations and actions of its members are interpreted through the symbolism of theatrical performance and interaction. The study also draws on symbolic convergence theory to explain what happens inside an organisation through the language, conflicts and shared cultural experiences of its members. The Centrelink Hypothetical in this study reflects aspects of the shared organisational culture, and presents its fictitious storylines in the context of dialogues between its panelists. The panelists are representatives of their organisation and are heard reflecting the values of that organisation's culture. Consequently, the analysis of text through the Hypothetical transcript the deciphering of shared narratives, mindsets, motivations and visions of the future, and so forth forms a significant aspect of the study for conceptualising Centrelink organisational culture, and for identifying how problems of communication and change have become embedded in that culture. More specifically, it is through the Centrelink Hypothetical that this study seeks to identify the functions of the Hypothetical and to determine how they may contribute solutions to Centrelink's management problems. The literature consulted for this study reveals that the Hypothetical is closely allied, as an intervention process, with the relatively new management practice of scenario planning. It scenario planning that attempts to build a generative learning capability within organisations a continuously looping process of deep learning that takes place within each organisation's unique strategic conversation. This study draws on scenario planing to identify similar performance features within the Hypothetical process stimulating the organisation to be responsive to, and to embrace, change; finding appropriate methods of communication; identifying and modifying mental models. This study also highlights a significant difference between the scenario planning process and the Hypothetical. Emerging literature in management psychology asserts the importance of the emotionally intelligent team, which demonstrates its social skills and empathy. However, the driving force behind scenario planning is 'the business idea', or the organisation's mental model and what drives it, and there is little or no attention paid to the importance of emotional capabilities in the scenario planning literature. Findings from the Centrelink case demonstrate that a significant dimension of the Hypothetical experience is the impact of symbolically convergent scripted roles and the related capacity to utilise emotional intelligence. Consequently, this study recommends that suitable emotional frameworks be employed throughout the Hypothetical process to help discern appropriate members' behaviours and suggest how the combination of such behaviours may be used to enhance the organisation's future generative learning process.

Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In terms of the Higher Education Act, 1997 (Act No. 101 of 1997: Notice no: 1700), the Cape Technikon and the Peninsula Technikon will merge on 1 January 2005 to become a single institution known as the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. This merger is part of the South African government’s effort to streamline education spending priorities, whilst evening out the differences between historically white and historically black institutions. During the apartheid era the Peninsula Technikon was established mainly for black (i.e. Coloured and African) students and the Cape Technikon for white students. There are a number of problems and challenges that can be expected by these institutions before, during and after the merger. These include, among others, identity crises that might result from the clash of different cultures because of the different backgrounds of these two institutions. If the merger is not handled properly, especially where human and cultural issues are concerned, it might not be successful. Higher education institutions are recognized as being in the knowledge business, and libraries play a central role in this regard. Academic librarians specifically have a significant knowledge management role to play in their institutions. In the case of the Cape Technikon and Peninsula Technikon libraries, it would thus be very important to understand each institution’s culture and what their existing knowledge management practices are, so that by the time of the actual merger they will know how to cooperate productively and effectively. Given the complexity of mergers and their wide ranging ramifications, as well as potential problems that might hamper the smooth operations of the institutions, the aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge management practices of the libraries of these two institutions. Thereafter recommendations were made, based on the findings, as to how to apply knowledge management practices to increase the capabilities of the two institutions’ libraries and enhance their operational efficiency. The methods of investigation were qualitative in nature and comprised questionnaires which were filled in by the librarians of both institutions as well as in-depth interviews with senior staff members of both libraries. The study also made other observations which related to the feel of the environments and people’s attitude which were also quite revealing. Although both libraries displayed knowledge management practices, the Cape Technikon was found to be more advanced in some regards than the Peninsula Technikon. Finally, recommendations were made on how to apply certain specific knowledge management practices successfully after the merger. These included a recommendation that both institutions ensure that there are processes in place to ensure that knowledge is recorded on an ongoing basis. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In terme van die Wet op Hoër Onderwys, 1997 (Wet Nr 101 van 1997: Kennisgewing Nr: 1700), sal die Kaapse Technikon en die Skiereiland Technikon op 1 Januarie 2005 saamsmelt om ’n enkele instelling te word, naamlik die Kaapse Skiereiland Universiteit van Tegnologie. Hierdie samesmelting is deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se poging om die prioriteite op opleidingsuitgawes te stroomlyn, terwyl die verskille tussen wat histories wit en swart instellings was, uitgestryk word. Gedurende die Apartheid era was die Skiereiland Technikon veral vir swart studente (m.a.w. Gekleurdes en Afrikane), en die Kaapse Technikon vir wit studente. Daar is talle probleme en uitdagings wat verwag kan word by hierdie instellings voor, gedurende en na die samesmelting. Hierdie sluit in, onder andere, identiteitskrisisse wat dalk kan opduik as gevolg van die verskillende agtergronde van hierdie twee instellings. As die samesmelting nie behoorlik hanteer word nie, veral wat menslike en kulturele kwessies betref, kan dit onsuksesvol wees. Instellings vir hoër onderwys word erken as in die besigheid van kennis, en biblioteke speel ‘n sentrale rol in hierdie opsig. Spesifiek akademiese bibliotekarisse het ’n rol om te speel in die behandeling, of bestuur, van kennis. In die geval van die Kaapse Technikon en Skiereiland Technikon se biblioteke, sou dit dus baie belangrik wees om elke instelling se kultuur te verstaan, en om hulle huidige metodes van kennisbestuur te ken, sodat dit teen die tyd van die samesmelting moontlik is om produktief en effektief saam te werk. Aangesien samesmeltings kompleks is met verreikende vertakkings, sowel as potensiële probleme wat dalk die gladde werking van die instellings kan verhinder, is die doel van hierdie studie om die praktyke van kennisbestuur in die biblioteke van hierdie twee instellings te ondersoek. Daarna, gebaseer op die bevindings, is voorstelle gemaak met verwysing na die toepassing van kennisbestuurspraktyke, sodat die twee instellings se biblioteke se bekwaamhede kan vermeerder en hul doeltreffendheid verhoog kan word. Die metodes van ondersoek is kwalitatief en bestaan uit vraelyste, ingevul deur senior personeellede van albei instellings. Die studie het ook ander waarnemings gemaak in verband met die atmosfeer of gevoel van die omgewings en mense se houdings, wat ook veelseggend was. Alhoewel beide instellings kennisbestuurspraktyke getoon het, is bevind dat die Kaapse Technikon in sekere opsigte meer gevorderd as die Skiereiland Technikon is. Ten laaste is voorstelle gemaak met verwysing na hoe om sekere spesifieke kennisbestuurspraktyke na die samwsmelting toe te pas. Hierdie het ’n aanbeveling ingesluit dat albei instellings seker moet maak dat prosesse onderweg is om op ’n voortdurende basis boek te hou van kennis.

This dissertation presents an intervention-based study that aimed to enable teachers to improve teaching and learning in one school in Ramallah, Palestine. The non-positional approach to teacher leadership was adopted as a means to mobilise all teachers in the drive towards bottom-up, participatory school change processes that increase teacher self-efficacy and collaboration, build professional capacity and social capital, and promote sustainability. The Teachers Leading the Way programme provided a contextually tailored strategy, and set of instruments and tools that through reflective exercises and dialogic activities aimed to support teachers to innovate practice, and impact organisational structures and professional culture. This is significant in the Palestine setting for facilitating the building of locally based and sourced knowledge to inform an authentic Palestinian vision and agenda for policy-making and education reconstruction, with implications for countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. In the process, a grassroots change movement is intended to shift historical and continued reliance on foreign intervention and international assistance, and lay the foundation for democratisation and social transformation. The intervention was investigated using a critical action-based, participatory methodology that emphasised context and researcher reflexivity in one school and amongst a cohort of 12 participants. Data were collected using a range of research-designed and programme-based methods and instruments, analysed deductively and inductively, and narrated critically to maintain coherence, and convey experiential and temporal dimensions. The study outcomes indicate that teachers in Palestine are capable of leading school improvement, and impacting school structures and professional culture for system-wide change, when the proper support is provided. Non-positional teacher leadership is the vehicle and can be developed through Teachers Leading the Way. At the individual level, this is enabled through a transformation in teachers’ perspective towards a self-empowered, agential mindset that leads to action on ways to improve practice. The transition process underscores the role of effective facilitation as an enabling condition for developing non-positional teacher leadership in Palestine and similar settings.

Trots att datorer har funnits en längre tid och används mer och mer kvarstår användningen av papper på kontor. En förklaring är att det inte finns tillräckligt bra digitala verktyg för att få bort papper från arbetet. I denna kvalitativa fallstudie undersöks kontorsavdelningen på ABB Components om hur implementeringsprocesser för pappersfria informationsflöden kan införas på ett sätt som genererar fördelar med att arbeta digitalt. Resultatet från denna studie har baserats på data som har blivit insamlad från intervjuer och observationer som har genomförts på kontoret. Genom att identifiera vilka processer som använder papper på kontoret har olika datorprogram tagits fram för att underlätta implementeringen. Resultatet i denna studie tyder även på att implementeringen av pappersfriainformationsflöden bör vara en väl planerad förändringsprocess där verktyg tas fram för att kompensera för den tidigare pappersanvändningen. Vid införandet av pappersfria informationsflöden kan användandet av förbrukningsinventarieratt minska och platsen det tar att lagra papper försvinner. Detta kan leda till ett mer kostnadseffektivt arbete och mindre slöseri rent pappersmässigt. För att detta ska leda tillfördelar med användandet av konceptet måste arbetsrutiner göras om för att införandet ska fungera. / Although computers have been around for a long time and are used more and more, the use of paper inoffices remains. One of the reasons is that there are not good enough digital tools to get rid of paper from work. In this qualitative case study, the office department of ABB Components is investigating on how the implementation processes for a paperless information flows can be introduced in ways that generate benefits of working digitally. The result of this study will be based on data collected from interviews and observations carriedout in the office. By identifying which processes using paper in the office, different tools have been developed to facilitate the implementation. The result of this study suggests that the implementation of a paperless information flows must be a well-planned change process where tools are developed to compensate for the earlier use of paper. With the introduction of paperless information flows, the use of consumables will decrease and the location it takes to store these papers will disappear. This leads to more cost-effective work and less waste paper. In order for this concept to lead to a more beneficial routine it needs to be redesigned for the implementation.

Bakgrund: I maj 2017 beslutades det att EU-reglering 2017/821 om konfliktmineraler kommer träda i kraft den 1a januari 2021. Regleringen kräver att företag inom EU kan försäkra sig om att tenn, volfram, tantal och guld (3TG) endast importeras från ansvarsfulla och konfliktfria källor. Inom litteraturen presenteras en problematik kring försörjningskedjors komplexitet och svårigheterna att spåra konfliktmineraler. Studien avser därför att skapa ökad förståelse för leverantörshantering avseende konfliktmineraler och praktiska implikationer för bolag som önskar ökad förståelse inför införandet av EU-reglering 2017/821.  Syfte: Syftet är att skapa ökad förståelse för hur företag strategiskt arbetar mot hållbarhet genom leverantörshantering avseende konfliktmineraler, samt vilka möjligheter respektive utmaningar som kan uppstå under detta förändringsarbete. Metod: Studien har ett realistiskt perspektiv samt ett induktivt angreppssätt med abduktiva inslag. Kvalitativ data har inhämtats genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från Atlas Copcos inköpsfunktioner, från två affärsområden, som arbetar med alternativt är bekanta med Atlas Copcos upprättade process för leverantörshantering avseende konfliktmineraler. Slutsats: Studieförfattarna finner att strategiskt arbete mot hållbarhet genom leverantörshantering avseende konfliktmineraler kan delas upp i tre övergripande områden; identifiering av prioriterade intressenter, utveckling av förändringsarbetesstrategier samt strategiska partnerskaps bidrag till synlighet inom leverantörskedjan. Dessa tre aspekter bidrar tillsammans till identifieringen och arbetet med möjligheter respektive utmaningar inför fortsatt hållbarhetsarbete med leverantörshantering avseende konfliktmineraler, vilket kan sammanfattas genom fortsatt utveckling av intern dialog samt värdet av att arbeta med Supplier Relationship Management. Kunskapsbidrag: Studiens teoretiska kunskapsbidrag är att skapa ökad förståelse för hur drivkrafter för implementering av hållbarhetsarbete, förändringsarbete samt arbete med försörjningskedjan kan bearbetas inom kontexten för leverantörshantering vid hållbarhetsarbete, samt hur dessa aspekter inverkar på varandra. / Problem discussion: In May 2017, it was determined that EU-regulation 2017/821 will enter into force the 1st of January 2021. The regulation requires that companies within the EU are able to assure that tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold (3TG) merely is imported from responsible and conflict free sources. Within literature, issues regarding supply chain complexity and difficulties with tracking conflict minerals are presented. This study therefore aims to create increased understanding for supplier management regarding conflict minerals and practical implications for other companies that aim for increased understanding before the introduction of EU-regulation 2017/821. Aim: The aim is to create increased understanding for how companies strategically work towards sustainability through supplier management regarding conflict minerals, and which opportunities respective challenges that may occur during the process of change. Method: This study has a realistic perspective and an inductive approach with abductive features. Qualitative data has been obtained through six semi structured interviews with representatives from Atlas Copco’s sourcing functions, from two business areas, who work with or are familiar with Atlas Copco’s constructed process for supplier management regarding conflict minerals. Results: The authors of this study find that strategic work towards sustainability regarding conflict minerals can be divided into three overall subjects; the identification of prioritized stakeholders, development of change management strategies and strategic partnerships contribution to visibility within the upstream part of the supply chain. These three aspects contribute to the identification and work with possibilities and challenges regarding continued sustainability efforts with supplier management concerning conflict minerals, which can be summarized through continued development of internal communication and the value of working with supplier relationship management. Science contributions: The study’s theoretical science contribution is to create increased understanding for how drivers for implementation of sustainability efforts, change management and work with the supply chain can be processed within the context of supplier management concerning sustainability work, and how these aspects affect each other.

Denna studie har syftat till att undersöka ledarskapets roll vid centrala förändringsarbeten som verkar på flera enheter. Mer än två av tre förändringar misslyckas idag på grund av bland annat bristande ledarskap. Tidigare har dock inte ledarskapet vid centralt styrda förändringar som verkar på flera enheter studerats. Syftet med studien har undersökts genom att studera en implementering av Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) på IKEA. Förändringen har styrts från ett nationellt huvudkontor och verkat på flera varuhus. Tidigare forskning visar att implementering av Standard Operating Procedure aldrig tidigare undersökts i globalt privatägda företag som IKEA, utan endast inom vården och medicinsk forskning. Datainsamling har genomförts genom intervjuer med ledare på tre olika IKEA- varuhus. Studien har baserats på teorier kring förändringsprocesser och ledarskap så som Lewins Change model, John Kotters Accelerate’s 8-Step model samt William Bridges Bridges Transition Model. Utifrån en analys av de intervjuer som gjorts och den teori som legat till grund för undersökningen har flera faktorer kopplat till ledarskap identifierats som centrala. Några av de mest väsentliga delarna som identifierats är vikten av att använda personliga mål kopplade till förändringen, tydligt förmedla vision och syfte, inkludera medarbetarna i förändringsarbetet samt att säkra ett starkt stöd från organisationens ledning. Genom att säkra dessa delar så bemöts motstånd och medarbetare motiveras att genomföra förändringen. Slutsatserna i denna studie visar på många likheter med studerad teori. Det är därför lämpligt att använda teorierna i liknande kontexter där centralstyrda förändringar genomförs på flera enheter. / The aim of this study has been to look deeper into leadership within centralized managed changes that take place in multiple units. More than two thirds of changes within companies fail due to bad leadership. Leadership within centralized managed changes that take place in multiple units have never been studied before. The purpose with this study has been fulfilled by studying an implementation of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) at IKEA. The implementation has been managed from a national head office and the change has been executed within a number of IKEA-stores. No previous research has been found that studies the implementation of Standard Operating Procedure within global private owned companies. Found studies of SOP has been within health care and medical research. To gather data, interviews have been made with leaders at three different IKEA- stores. Theories that have been used are mainly based around change process and leadership. The included theories are Lewins Change model, John Kotters Accelerate’s 8- Step model Iand William Bridges Bridges Transition. A number of significant factors related to leadership was identified through analysis of the gathered data and theories. Some of the most essential parts that was identified were the importance of using personal goals connected to the goals of the change, to clear communicate the vision and purpose of the change, include the co-worker in the change process and secure a strong support from the management. By assuring these factors the resistance against the change will be handle in a good way and the co-workers will get motivated to carry through the change. The conclusions found in this study shows similarities with the studied theory. It is therefore appropriate to use these theories where centralized managed changes take place at multiple units within a similar context that is investigated in this study.

Submitted by José Renato de Moraes Salles (jrenato@jrsalles.com) on 2018-03-27T17:44:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV_MPA_Dissertação_JoséRenatoSalles_VersãoFinal_20180327.pdf: 734974 bytes, checksum: 303f1f7bdf3429b5d2af7e7e3f6e5033 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T18:30:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV_MPA_Dissertação_JoséRenatoSalles_VersãoFinal_20180327.pdf: 734974 bytes, checksum: 303f1f7bdf3429b5d2af7e7e3f6e5033 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-02T14:42:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV_MPA_Dissertação_JoséRenatoSalles_VersãoFinal_20180327.pdf: 734974 bytes, checksum: 303f1f7bdf3429b5d2af7e7e3f6e5033 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T14:42:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV_MPA_Dissertação_JoséRenatoSalles_VersãoFinal_20180327.pdf: 734974 bytes, checksum: 303f1f7bdf3429b5d2af7e7e3f6e5033 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Este trabalho aborda o tema da Gestão da Mudança de Cultura Organizacional. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar as percepções de executivos que lideraram processos de mudança de cultura em suas organizações no Brasil a respeito da importância do tema, da possibilidade de se gerenciar a mudança da cultura, dos desafios e obstáculos a uma gestão efetiva da cultura de suas organizações, bem como a respeito dos meios de se superar esses obstáculos. Como objetivo secundário, a pesquisa procurou identificar quais seriam as boas práticas de gestão da mudança de cultura, com base no que os entrevistados revelaram ter funcionado ou não em suas experiências, e propor um conjunto prático de recomendações para aumentar as chances de sucesso na gestão das questões culturais por líderes de organizações no Brasil. Como metodologia optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa e de natureza exploratória e, para tanto, foram realizadas onze entrevistas semiestruturadas com os executivos da alta gestão responsáveis pelos processos de mudança de cultura em suas organizações, na condição de patrocinadores ou de líderes do projeto de transformação. O método de análise foi o da análise categorial temática para interpretação das entrevistas, e os principais resultados da pesquisa foram: 1º. cultura organizacional é um fenômeno gerenciável e fortemente associado ao desempenho e à sustentabilidade do negócio; 2º. o processo de gestão da mudança segue uma estrutura padrão de etapas, práticas e recursos conhecidos e disponíveis no mercado; 3º. os principais fatores críticos de sucesso do processo de mudança estão nas atitudes da alta gestão; 4º. a falta de autoconhecimento dos membros da alta gestão está na base das principais dificuldades para a mudança; e 5º. há importantes obstáculos à mudança que transcendem a dimensão da liderança. / This research focuses on the Management of Organizational Culture Change. The objective of the research was to gather perceptions from Brazilian executives who lead culture change processes in their organizations with regards to the importance of the subject; the ability to manage cultural change; the challenges of, and obstacles to, introducing effective cultural change in their organizations; and the methods employed for overcoming these obstacles. As a secondary objective, the research sought to identify best practices in cultural change management, based on what has been effective, or not, for the interviewees in their experience, and to put forward a practical set of recommendations for increasing the chances of success for those leading cultural change in Brazilian organizations. The methodology used was a qualitative approach of an exploratory nature, in which eleven semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of senior management responsible for culture change processes in their organizations, as either sponsors or leaders of transformation projects. A categorical analytical method was employed, and the main results of the research were: 1. Organizational culture is a phenomenon that can be managed and is strongly associated with the performance and sustainability of the business; 2. The change management process follows a standard structure of phases, practices and resources that are well-known and available in the market; 3. The critical success factors for change management are directly linked to the attitudes of senior management; 4. Senior management’s lack of self-awareness is recognized as one of the main challenges in achieving change; and 5. There are significant obstacles to change that go beyond the parameters of leadership.

The aim of the study was to investigate the current management of educational change in Tanzania, with specific reference to the Primary Educational Development Plan (PEDP) and relate it to the roles of different stakeholders in education reform in order to determine factors that underlie its success or failure. The problem was investigated by means of a literature survey and an empirical inquiry. The literature survey revealed that educational change management is a social phenomenon whose process is considered overlapping. Implementation of educational change requires knowledge and understanding of the change objectives and the roles necessary to sustain the change. This process requires a shared vision among the educational stakeholders. A qualitative inquiry using in-depth individual and focus group interviews was conducted to explore the experiences of people affected by the implementation of the PEDP in Tanzania. The sample was purposefully chosen and reflected a number of stakeholders on various levels. The empirical study revealed factors outside the country that influence the management of educational change. These include a change in global focus and donors’ influence. The implementation of educational change in Tanzania has also depended largely on an understanding of directives and guidelines provided by the headquarters. The achievements that have been made are mainly quantitative and unlikely to be sustained. A lack of motivation among teachers has resulted in their passive participation in the reform. The top-down management of the reform has also adversely affected the sustainability of the reform. The PEDP was intended to have grassroots participation with broad involvement of stakeholders in outcomes. However, PEDP has been top-down, removed from local context. The study concluded that the implementation of reform was done without clear direction and scope. Thus, the sustainability of the reform is uncertain. Following the findings, the study recommends a constant dialogue using interpersonal communication with stakeholders on the purposes, strategies and practical working environment of the reform. The study also recommends change agents operating at district and school levels and the provision of clear roles and functions to specific stakeholders. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Educational Management)