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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Implication de l’Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-I), secrété par le microenvironnement tumoral, dans la survie et la chimiorésistance des cellules cancéreuses / the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) secreted by tumoral microenvironment, in survival and drug resistance cancer cells

Benabbou, Nadia 21 December 2012 (has links)
Le microenvironnement, composé de différents éléments cellulaires et de la matrice extracellulaire, joue un rôle primordial dans le développement tumoral et la dissémination métastatique. Ainsi, l’étude de ces interactions cellulaires est importante pour que des thérapies ciblées luttent contre la chimiorésistance des cellules tumorales. Ce travail de thèse a pour but d’étudier le rôle du facteur de croissance IGF-I dans la chimiorésistance des cellules du cancer de l’ovaire et des leucémies myéloïdes présente au sein du microenvironnement.Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis en évidence que la chimiorésistance des cellules du cancer de l’ovaire, acquise grâce aux cellules hôtes (hospicells), est liée à la sécrétion de IGF-I par ces cellules. Nous avons également montré que IGF-I est impliqué dans la régulation de certains gènes ABC (MDR-1, MRP1, MRP2, et BCRP) via les voies de STAT3, Jak2, PI3K et ERK.Dans les leucémies myéloïdes, nous avons montré que IGF-I a un effet sur la prolifération des cellules tumorales. Il induit l’expression de la protéine P-gp ainsi que la chimiorésistance des cellules sensibles à la chimiothérapie. Nous avons également déterminé le rôle de IGF-I dans la résistance des cellules leucémiques en présence des hospicells. Ces dernières ont une activité hyperangiogénique in vivo, lié à l’HIF-1 et au VEGF, et inhibent les réponses immunes des lymphocytes T par production de NO.Nous avons déterminé le rôle crucial de MMP-9 dans la migration des cellules résistantes du cancer du sein exprimant la protéine P-gp et dans la formation d’un réseau tubulaire, suggérant un lien existant entre l’expression de P-gp et de MMP-9. / The microenvironment, composed of several cellular elements and extracellular matrix, plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis. Thus, the study of these interactions is important for cell targeted therapies fighting against chemoresistant tumor cells. This thesis aims to investigate the role of growth factor IGF-I in the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells and myeloid leukemia, present in the microenvironment.As a first step, we demonstrated that drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells gained by host cells (hospicells) is related to the secretion of IGF-I by these cells. We have also demonstrated that IGF-I is involved in the regulation of genes ABC (MDR-1, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP) via STAT3, Jak2, PI3K et ERK signaling pathways.In myeloid leukemia, we have shown that IGF-I has an effect on cell proliferation. It induces the expression of P-gp protein and chemoresistance of cells sensitive to chemotherapy. We also determined the role of IGF-I in the resistance of leukemic cells in the presence of hospicells. These cells have an in vivo hyperangiogenic activity, related to HIF-1 and VEGF, and inhibit immune responses of T cells by NO production.We determined the crucial role of MMP-9 in resistant cells migration of breast cancer expressing P-gp protein and in the formation of a tubular network, suggesting a link between the expression of P-gp and MMP-9.
42

Die Rolle der Proteindisulfidisomerase ERp57 in der Chemoresistenz des Nierenzellkarzinoms / The impact of the proteine disulfite isomerase ERp57 in chemoresistance of renal cell carcinoma

Katzendorn, Olga 21 March 2019 (has links)
No description available.
43

Stratégie d'éradication de cellules cancéreuses chimiorésistantes surexprimant le transporteur de drogues MRP1 par des composés activateurs de son activité d’efflux de glutathion / Eradication of chemoresistant cancer cells overexpressing the drug transporter MRP1 using activators of GSH efflux through MRP1

Dury, Lauriane 05 November 2015 (has links)
Le transporteur de drogues membranaire MRP1 participe à la résistance des cellules cancéreuses à la chimiothérapie lorsqu’il est surexprimé. Cette surexpression peut être exploitée afin de provoquer l’apoptose sélective de ces cellules, MRP1 devenant leur talon d’Achille : c’est l’effet de sensibilité collatérale (SC). Ainsi, le vérapamil stimule l’efflux médié par MRP1 d’un tripeptide antioxydant indispensable aux cellules, le GSH ou glutathion réduit, et provoque la mort sélective des cellules surexprimant ce transporteur. La recherche d’autres agents de SC comme le vérapamil nous a menés à l’étude de composés flavonoïdiques pouvant induire un efflux rapide et massif de GSH. Parmi ces composés, nous avons identifié un puissant agent de SC des cellules résistantes surexprimant MRP1, le dimère de flavonoïde 4e, candidat très prometteur pour de futures études in vivo. Nous avons déterminé que la surexpression de MRP1 est effectivement responsable de la SC dans les cellules cancéreuses résistantes H69AR, et que l’efflux de GSH se doit d’être massif et prolongé pour induire l’apoptose des cellules. Nous avons montré que cet efflux perturbe l’homéostasie du glutathion et l’état redox des cellules, entraînant un stress oxydatif qui participe au déclenchement de la mort cellulaire. Enfin, nous nous sommes attachés à identifier d’éventuelles cibles secondaires des agents de SC dans les cellules surexprimant MRP1, via l’initiation de l’étude de leur transcriptome et métabolome. La compréhension du mécanisme d’action de ces agents de sensibilité collatérale vise, à terme, à l’éradication des cancers résistants surexprimant MRP1 / The membrane drug transporter MRP1 is involved in the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, when overexpressed. This overexpression can be exploited in order to induce the selective apoptosis of these cells, so that MRP1 becomes their Achilles’ heel: this is called Collateral Sensitivity (CS). Thus verapamil stimulates the MRP1-mediated efflux of GSH (reduced form of glutathione) that is an antioxidant tripeptide essential for cells, and induces the selective death of MRP1- overexpressing cells. Seeking for other CS agents than verapamil led to the study of flavonoid compounds able to induce a massive and rapid efflux of GSH and to the identification of a powerful CS agent of resistant cells overexpressing MRP1, i.e. flavonoid dimer 4e, which is a very promising candidate for in vivo studies. We determined that overexpression of MRP1 is indeed responsible for CS in H69AR resistant cancer cells, and that GSH efflux must be massive and protracted in order to induce cell apoptosis. We showed that this efflux disturbs glutathione homeostasis and cell redox state, which leads to an oxidative stress that is involved in triggering cell death. At last, we sought to identify possible secondary targets of CS agents in MRP1-overexpressing cells, via the initiation of transcriptomic and metabolomic studies. Understanding the mechanism of action of these Collateral Sensitivity agents aims to the eradication of resistant cancers that overexpress MRP1
44

TARGETING THE CELLULAR REDOX ENVIRONMENT: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASMS

Carroll, Dustin W. 01 January 2018 (has links)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that function to maintain the hematopoietic compartment through self-renewal and differentiation capacities, as well as their downstream progeny, are susceptible to transformation resulting in the generation of the leukemic stem cell (LSC). Chief in the factors that control HSC regulation and protection of the HSC compartment is the cellular redox environment. Deregulation of the Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell (HSPC) redox environment results in loss of HSPC function and exhaustion. The characteristic developments of HSPC exhaustion via exposure to redox stress closely mirror phenotypic traits of hematopoietic malignancies, presenting the HSPC/LSC redox environment as a potential therapeutic target. While myelosuppression and HSPC exhaustion are detrimental side effects of classical chemotherapies, new approaches that differentially modify the HSPC/LSC redox environment may demonstrate LSC cytotoxicity while offering protection of normal HSPC function via differential activation of internal signaling pathways. Precisely how the redox environment and downstream signaling events are affected by these treatments remains unclear; thus highlighting the need for robust methods that evaluate the HSPC/LSC redox state. Because the glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox couple heavily contributes to the management of HSPC function and redox environment, characterizing the GSH/GSSG redox potential at the HSPC level would provide great insight for therapeutic opportunities. However, accurate measurement the GSH/GSSG redox potential within HSPCs/LSCs has been difficult due to their inherently low numbers. Here, we describe the development and validation of a sensitive method used for the direct and simultaneous quantitation of both oxidized and reduced GSH via LC-MS/MS. We use these methodologies to establish a difference in GSH-GSSG half-cell reduction potentials between normal and malignant HSPCs and examine the therapeutic effect of a redox active MnSOD mimetic, Mn(III) mesotetrakis (N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2yl) porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnP), within these populations in vitro as well as within a human xenograft model in vivo. MnP demonstrates significant cytotoxic effects in several malignant models, while inducing an opposite cytoprotective effect in normal HSPC populations. The GSH/GSSG redox balance, specifically managed by glutathione reductase activity, is identified as a determining factor of MnP efficacy in various malignant populations. Treatment of the human myelodysplastic cell line (MDSL) offers mechanistic insights into MnP efficacy through hydrogen peroxide mediated activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling. We identify the redox dependent activation of JunB, a known regulator of normal myeloid lineage HSC proliferation, as a transcriptional mechanistic mediator of MnP treatment induced AP-1 signaling resulting in malignant cytotoxicity. The development of this novel method allowing for the identification of targetable differences between normal and malignant cell populations has provided insight to the underpinnings of potential redox based therapies. Additionally, the finding that MnP can target varying cellular redox states and exert selective cytotoxicity in malignant over normal populations by re-gaining lost control of AP-1 signaling demonstrates the potential for development of safe therapeutics within a variety of clinical applications.
45

Etude des mécanismes de chimiorésistance dans les cancers digestifs : impact de CDX2 et des transporteurs ABC / Chemoresistance mechanisms in digestive cancers : impact of CDX2 and ABC transporters

Delhorme, Jean-Baptiste 30 October 2018 (has links)
La chimiorésistance est un enjeu majeur dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de cancers digestifs et peut se manifester par l’efflux de molécules cytotoxiques via la surexpression des transporteurs ABC. Le facteur de transcription CDX2 est un régulateur important de l’identité intestinale et agit comme gène suppresseur de tumeur dans le côlon. Il pourrait être impliqué dans des phénomènes de chimiorésistance des cancers colorectaux (CCR) car le transporteur MDR1/ABCB1 correspond à un de ses gènes cibles. Nous avons confirmé le rôle de CDX2 dans la chimiorésistance des CCR. Nous avons montré par une approche translationnelle, que la surexpression de CDX2 était impliquée dans la résistance au 5-fluorouracile (5-FU) dans les CCR. Le transporteur du 5-FU ABCC11 a été identifié comme gène cible de CDX2 dont l’activité contribue à la résistance au 5-FU des cellules cancéreuses coliques. L’expression d’ABCC11 corrèle avec celle de CDX2 dans les CCR humains mais également avec celle de la DYPD, enzyme impliquée dans le catabolisme du 5-FU. Cette étude montre pour la première fois que CDX2 contribue à la chimiorésistance au 5-FU en impliquant des mécanismes régulant son métabolisme. / Chemoresistance represents a major drawback in digestive cancers’ management and may be achieved particularly through active efflux of the drug through overexpression of ABC transporters The transcription factor CDX2 is a master regulator of intestinal identity that acts as a tumor suppressor in the colon and may be important for drug resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) as MDR1/ABCB1 was recently identified as one of its target genes. Here, we confirmed the role of CDX2 in the chemoresistance of CRC. We showed through a translational approach that CDX2 overexpression is implicated in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemoresistance in CRC and described the molecular mechanisms implicated in this finding. We identified the 5-FU transporter ABCC11 as a new transcriptional target of CDX2 whose activity contributes to the 5-FU-chemoresistance of colon cancer cells. Remarkably, CDX2 expression correlates with the expression of ABCC11 in human colon tumors, but also with the one of the DPYD, enzyme involved in the 5-FU break down. Thus, our study links for the first time CDX2 to the 5-FU metabolism and provides a molecular mechanism for its impact on 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
46

Le myélome multiple : de la pathogenèse à la chimiorésistance / Multiple myeloma : from pathogenesis to chemoresistance

Hamouda, Mohamed Amine 04 September 2015 (has links)
Le myélome multiple (MM) est un cancer hématologique qui se caractérise par une prolifération et une accumulation de cellules plasmocytaires malignes au niveau de la moelle osseuse (MO). Il représente 10% des hémopathies malignes et 2% de la mortalité par cancer dans le monde occidental. La principale conséquence de l’expansion plasmocytaire clonale médullaire est la sécrétion excessive d’une immunoglobuline (Ig) unique qui va être à l’origine du caractère multi-symptomatique de cette pathologie. Ainsi, les manifestations du MM se caractérisent par des lésions osseuses, une atteinte rénale, une anémie, une hypercalcémie et une immunodéficience humorale conduisant à des infections récidivantes. Son pronostic est mauvais avec une médiane de survie qui se situe entre cinq et sept ans sous chimiothérapie qui vise à éliminer les cellules plasmocytaires malignes.A partir de la lignée U266 de myélome, nous avons dérivé des clones résistants au bortézomib (R6). Grâce à une analyse par biopuces à ADN, nous avons identifié 160 gènes significativement régulés dans les cellules R6 par rapport à la lignée parentale U266. Nous avons établi, par une approche fonctionnelle, que la surexpression de la protéine HspB8 conduit, via l’activation de la dégradation autophagique, à l’élimination des agrégats protéiques et à compenser l’effet de l’inhibition du protéasome conférant ainsi la résistance des cellules de myélome aux inhibiteurs du protéasome.Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’implication de la protéine Bcl-B (BCL2L10) dans la pathogenèse du MM. Nous avons confirmé que Bcl-B est impliqué dans la pathogénèse du MM (patients et modèle murin). / Velcade is one of the inescapable drug to treat patient suffering from multiple myeloma (MM) and resistance to this drug represents a major drawback for patients. However, the mechanisms underlying velcade resistance remain incompletely understood. We derived several U266 MM cell clones that resist to velcade. We derived several U266 MM cell clones that resist to velcade. U266- resistant cells were resistant to velcade-induced cell death but exhibited a similar sensitivity to various proapoptotic stimuli. Careful analysis of proteosomal subunits and proteasome enzymatic activities showed that neither the composition nor the activity of the proteasome was affected in velcade-resistant cells.In addition, pangenomic profiling of velcade-sensitive and resistant cells showed that the small heat shock protein HSPB8 was overexpressed in resistant cells. Finally, gain and loss of function experiment demonstrated that HSPB8 is a key factor for velcade resistance. In conclusion, HSPB8 plays an important role for the elimination of aggregates in velcade-resistant cells that contributes to their enhanced survival. Multiple myeloma (MM) evolves from a premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). However, the factors underlying the malignant transformation of plasmocytes in MM are not fully characterized. We report an MM phenotype in transgenic mice with Eμ-directed expression of the Bcl-B protein. With age, Eμ-bcl-b transgenic mice develop the characteristic features of human MM. In addition, this MM-like disease is serially transplantable, underlying the tumoral origin of plasmocytes.
47

Expression des ABC-Transporters ABCA3 in Zellen der physiologischen Hämatopoese und in maligne transformierten lymphatischen Zellen / ABC-transporter ABCA3 expression in normal hematopoiesis and in transformed lymphoid cells

Corsham, Sabrina F. E. 07 July 2008 (has links)
No description available.
48

Mutations de la voie ATR-CHK1, réponse au stress réplicatif et cancer / Mutations in the ATR-CHK1 pathway, replication stress response and cancer

Egger, Tom 29 November 2018 (has links)
Le cancer colorectal est responsable de plus de 17500 décès par an et se situe à la 3ème place des cancers les plus fréquents en France. En altérant le processus de réplication de l’ADN des cellules cancéreuses, certaines des molécules utilisées en chimiothérapie induisent du stress réplicatif. Au niveau cellulaire, ce stress est géré par la voie ATR-CHK1. Quand elle est activée par des régions d’ADN simple brin protégées par RPA au niveau de fourches de réplication ralenties/bloquées, ATR déclenche l’activation du checkpoint intra-S via la phosphorylation de son effecteur CHK1. Ce checkpoint permet alors aux cellules de gérer ce stress réplicatif, via différents processus (arrêt du cycle cellulaire, régulation de l’allumage d’origines de réplication, stabilisation des fourches…). Depuis quelques années, l’intérêt thérapeutique de cibler cette voie est clairement établi dans la littérature. Ce rationnel thérapeutique repose sur une inhibition pharmacologique de la voie ATR-CHK1, éventuellement couplée à des traitements par des molécules génotoxiques. Par ailleurs, certaines tumeurs présentent fréquemment des mutations hétérozygotes des gènes ATR et CHK1. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que ces déficiences puissent représenter leur talon d’Achille. L’équipe a généré un modèle cellulaire permettant d’étudier spécifiquement ces mutations hétérozygotes d’ATR et CHK1. Nous avons commencé notre étude par la caractérisation des impacts de ces mutations en conditions normales de culture. Nos données montrent que les mutations d’ATR et CHK1 altèrent l’activation basale du checkpoint intra-S, provoquent un stress réplicatif endogène, et aboutissent à une induction de dommages de l’ADN. Par ailleurs, ces mutations sensibilisent les cellules à certaines drogues. Entre autres, les cellules mutantes présentent des sensibilités cytotoxiques accrues au SN-38 (principe actif de l’Irinotécan, inhibiteur de topoisomérase 1) et au VE-822 (inhibiteur d’ATR). De plus, nous avons montré que ces deux composés ont un effet synergique important, et nous avons par la suite étudié les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à ces phénotypes de sensibilisation et de synergie. Nos résultats démontrent que la combinaison SN-38+VE-822 entraîne une apoptose dépendante de la caspase-3, exacerbée chez les cellules mutantes ATR ou CHK1. Ces altérations génétiques limitent le potentiel d’activation du checkpoint intra-S et aboutissent à une accumulation de dommages de l’ADN. L’inhibition d’ATR par le VE-822 permet aux cellules de court-circuiter l’arrêt du cycle cellulaire en S-précoce normalement induit par le SN-38. Nos analyses démontrent que ce phénotype entraine un épuisement de RPA et une catastrophe réplicative subséquente, la mutation d’ATR prédisposant les cellules à ces phénotypes. Les cellules survivant à la combinaison SN-38+VE-822 complètent la réplication et s’accumulent en G2 de façon DNA-PK-dépendante. Ce checkpoint post-réplicatif protège les cellules de la catastrophe mitotique. Ensemble, ces observations suggèrent que RPA et DNA-PK représentent des cibles thérapeutiques prometteuses pour optimiser les effets de l’inhibition de la voie ATR-CHK1. En définitive, les mutations d’ATR et CHK1 retrouvées chez les patients pourraient représenter des facteurs pronostiques importants de la réponse à ces stratégies thérapeutiques. De plus, certains de nos résultats suggèrent également une implication de la voie ATR-CHK1 dans la régulation du remodelage des fourches de réplication, notamment dans la résection de l’ADN néo-synthétisé. En affinant la compréhension des processus moléculaires impliqués dans la réponse au stress réplicatif, notre étude pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration de la prise en charge thérapeutique du cancer colorectal. / Colorectal cancer is responsible for more than 17,500 deaths per year and ranks third among the most frequent cancers in France. By interfering with the DNA replication process of cancer cells, several chemotherapeutic molecules induce replication stress. At the cellular level, this stress is managed by the ATR-CHK1 pathway. When activated by RPA-protected single-stranded DNA regions at slowed/blocked replication forks, ATR triggers the activation of the intra-S checkpoint via the phosphorylation of its CHK1 effector. This checkpoint then allows the cells to manage this replicative stress, via different processes (stopping the cell cycle, regulating the ignition of replication origins, stabilizing the forks...). In recent years, the therapeutic value of targeting this pathway has been clearly established in the literature. This therapeutic rationale is founded on pharmacological inhibition of the ATR-CHK1 pathway, possibly coupled with genotoxic molecules treatments. In addition, some tumours frequently have heterozygous mutations of the ATR and CHK1 genes. We have hypothesized that these deficiencies may represent their Achilles' heel. Our team generated a cellular model to specifically study these heterozygous mutations of ATR and CHK1. We began our study by characterizing the impacts of these mutations under normal growing conditions. Our data show that the ATR and CHK1 mutations alter the basal activity of the intra-S checkpoint, cause endogenous replicative stress, and lead to spontaneous DNA damage. In addition, these mutations sensitize the cells to certain drugs. Amongst other things, mutant cells show increased cytotoxic sensitivities to SN-38 (active ingredient of Irinotecan, topoisomerase inhibitor 1) and to VE-822 (ATR inhibitor). Furthermore, we showed that these two compounds have a strong synergistic. We then studied the underlying molecular mechanisms to these sensitization and synergy phenotypes. Our results show that the combination SN-38+VE-822 causes caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, exacerbated in mutant ATR or CHK1 cells. These genetic alterations limit the activation potential of the intra-S checkpoint and lead to extensive DNA damages. Inhibition of ATR by VE-822 allows cells to bypass the S- early cell cycle arrest normally induced by SN-38. Our analyses show that this phenotype leads to RPA depletion and subsequent replicative catastrophe, with ATR mutation predisposing cells to these phenotypes. Cells surviving the SN-38+VE-822 combination complete the replication and accumulate to G2 in a DNA-PK-dependent manner. This post-replicative checkpoint protects the cells from mitotic catastrophe. Together, these data suggest that RPA and DNA-PK represent promising therapeutic targets to optimize the effects of inhibition of the ATR-CHK1 pathway. Moreover, some of our results also suggest that the ATR-CHK1 pathway could be involved in the regulation of replication forks' remodeling, particularly in the resection of newly-synthetized DNA. Ultimately, the mutations of ATR and CHK1 found in patients may represent important prognostic factors in the response to these therapeutic strategies. By achieving a better understanding of the molecular processes involved in the response to chemically-induced replication stress, our study could contribute to the improvement of colorectal cancer’s therapeutic management.
49

Etude des mécanismes de résistance à l'oxaliplatine dans le cancer colorectal : rôle des voies NOX1/Calpaïnes / Study of oxaliplatin resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer : involvement of NOX1/calpains pathway

Chocry, Mathieu 22 December 2017 (has links)
Le cancer colorectal est un cancer majeur en termes de fréquence et de mortalité. Il s’agit de la deuxième cause de décès par cancer, avec 17 500 décès en France en 2011. Le traitement des stades avancés repose sur différentes molécules anti-cancéreuses telles que l’oxaliplatine. Cependant le développement de résistances entraine des échecs thérapeutiques expliquant le faible taux de survie observé. Il est donc crucial d’identifier les mécanismes de résistance et ses acteurs et de découvrir de nouvelles pistes de traitements.Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes donc intéressés aux rôles joués par les calpaïnes et NOX1 dans le développement de la résistance à l’oxaliplatine en étudiant des cellules tumorales colorectales résistantes à cette drogue. Ce qui nous a permis d'identifier une voie de signalisation impliquée dans la résistance à cette chimiothérapie.Dans un second temps nous nous sommes intéressés à étudier la réversion de cette résistance à l’oxaliplatine. En criblant différentes chimiothérapies ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence une inversion du statut résistant/sensible dans nos cellules sélectionnées.La première partie de nos données met en évidence de nouvelles régulations de Nox1 qui diffèrent en fonction de la sensibilité des cellules à l’oxaliplatine. Nos résultats montrent aussi que p38 MAPK pourrait être une cible thérapeutique de choix. Dans la deuxième partie nous avons identifié un nouveau traitement permettant l'induction de l'apoptose dans nos cellules résistantes. Ainsi la gemcitabine pourrait être une solution pour traiter les patients ne répondant pas ou plus aux protocoles basés sur l’oxaliplatine / Colorectal cancer is a major cancer in terms of frequency and mortality. This is the second leading cause of cancer death, with 17,500 deaths in France in 2011. The treatment of advanced stages is based on different chemotherapeuties including oxaliplatin. However, the development of resistance leads to therapeutic failures explaining the low survival rate. It is therefore crucial to identify the mechanisms of resistance and the actors involved and to discover new therapeutic approaches. We first investigated the role played by calpains and NOX1 in the development of resistance to oxaliplatin, studying oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal tumor cells. This allowed us to identify a signaling pathway involved in resistance to this chemotherapy.Secondly, we have studied the reversion of this resistance to oxaliplatin. A screening of different chemotherapies revealed a reversal of the resistant / sensitive status in our selected cells In the first part, our data highlight novel Nox1 regulations which differ according to the sensitivity of the cells to oxaliplatin. Our results also show that p38 MAPK could be a therapeutic target for treating colorectal cancers resistant to oxaliplatin. In the second part, we have identified a new treatment to induce apoptosis in our resistant cells. Indeed, gemcitabine may be a solution to treat patients who do not respond to oxaliplatin-based protocols.
50

Caracterização fenotípica de esp12, uma nova linhagem de células tumorais de glioblastoma humano, e desenvolvimento de um modelo in vitro para avaliar a resistência de gliomas a quimioterápicos.

Lima, Rute Maria Ferreira January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2014-08-11T13:38:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rute Maria Ferreira Lima. Caracterização... 2013.pdf: 5129350 bytes, checksum: c7d761267de05b2aa805d0323bc5f557 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-11T13:38:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rute Maria Ferreira Lima. Caracterização... 2013.pdf: 5129350 bytes, checksum: c7d761267de05b2aa805d0323bc5f557 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / O astrocitoma grau IV ou glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) é o mais maligno e com prognóstico ruim entre os gliomas. Esse prognóstico sombrio está associado, em parte, à quimiorresistência (QR). Ao lado disso, a classificação atual dos gliomas não consegue responder a heterogeneidade da resposta ao tratamento. Assim, parece existir subtipos de GBM com características distintas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar fenotipicamente uma nova linhagem, ESP12, e, desenvolver um modelo in vitro para a avaliação da QR. Amostras obtidas de glioma humano foram estudadas quanto aos achados característicos de malignidade e subtipadas quanto aos fenótipos proliferativo e pró-neural, imunohistoquimicamente. As culturas obtidas das amostras foram mantidas a 37 ºC em atmosfera com 5% de CO2. A caracterização de ESP12 incluiu: a) subtipagem por imunocitoquímica e por citometria de fluxo; b) investigação de um fenótipo de resistência, através da identificação de células CD133+ e de proteínas de resistência às múltiplas drogas, glicoproteína-P (Pgp) e MRP1; c) avaliação da cinética de crescimento, através da determinação do tempo de duplicação celular (TDPC); d) verificação da produção do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF); e) avaliação da viabilidade celular, através do teste com MTT, quando exposta a carmustina (BCNU), a vimblastina (VIM) e a temozolomida (TMZ). Por fim, investigamos a atividade quimiossensibilizante do 8-metoxipsoraleno (8-MOP) utilizando o modelo estabelecido. Foram obtidos 6 casos de GBM e 3 casos de gliomas de graduação III, pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, com idade média de 52,6  14,1 anos, a maioria homens. As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes foram crises convulsivas e cefaleia, e, a localização tumoral foi variada. Os achados de imagem se correlacionaram com os achados histoquímicos confirmando o diagnóstico. A sobrevida dos pacientes variou entre 11 dias e 24 meses, com mediana de 11,5 meses. As células formaram monocamadas e revelaram intenso pleomorfismo. A maior parte das amostras apresentou fenótipo proliferativo na imunohistoquímica. As proteínas que caracterizam os fenótipos pró-neural, proliferativo e mesenquimal foram detectadas tanto por imunohistoquímica quanto por imunocitoquímica, em ESP12. Quantitativamente, o fenótipo proliferativo foi mais evidente detectado por citometria de fluxo. Células CD133+ representaram menos que 1%. Além disso, 38,6% das células foram positivas para a Pgp. Não houve diferença entre a produção do VEGF por ESP12 quando comparada a outras linhagens de GBM já estabelecidas. O TDPC de ESP12 foi de 31 h. ESP12 se mostrou mais sensível do que outras linhagens de GBM já estabelecidas a BCNU, a VIM e a TMZ. Por fim, o 8-MOP mostrou atividade quimiossensibilizante significativa. / The astrocytoma grade IV also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and has a poor prognosis among gliomas. This poor prognosis is associated, in part, to chemoresistance (QR). Furthermore, the current classification of gliomas cannot answer the heterogeneity of treatment response. Therefore, it seems to exist GBM subtypes with distinct characteristics. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically a new cell line, ESP12, and to develop an in vitro model for the assessment of QR. Human glioma samples were studied by immunohistochemistry for the characteristic findings of malignancy and subtyped as to proliferative and proneural phenotypes. Primary cultures were obtained from samples and maintained at 37 °C in an atmosphere with 5% CO2. The characterization of ESP12 included: a) subtyping by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry; b) investigation of a resistance phenotype by identifying CD133+ cells and the multidrug resistance proteins, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and MRP1; c) evaluation of the growth kinetics, by determining the cell doubling time (TDPC); d) assaying of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production; e) the assessment of cell viability by the MTT test after exposure to carmustine (BCNU), vinblastine (VIM), and temozolomide (TMZ). Finally, we investigated the chemosensibilizing activity of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) using the established model. Six cases of GBM and 3 cases of grade III gliomas were obtained, with a mean age of 52.6  14.1 years, mostly men. The most common clinical manifestations were seizures and headache, and the tumor location was varied. Imaging findings were correlated with the histochemical findings confirming the diagnosis. The median survival was 11.5 months (range: 11 days to 24 months). The cells formed monolayers and showed intense pleomorphism. Most samples showed proliferative phenotype in immunohistochemistry. Proteins that characterize the proneural, proliferative and mesenchymal phenotypes were detected both by immunohistochemistry and by immunocytochemistry on ESP12. The proliferative phenotype was more quantitatively evident by flow cytometry. CD133+ cells represented less than 1%. Moreover, 38.6 % of cells were positive for Pgp. There was no difference between the production of VEGF between ESP12 and other GBM cell lines already established. The TDPC of ESP12 was 31 h. ESP12 was more sensitive than other cell lines already established of GBM to BCNU, TMZ and VIM. Finally, the 8-MOP showed significant chemosensibilizing activity.

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