Cette thèse cherche à comprendre comment les mineur.e.s isolé.e.s en situation de migration, arrivé.e.s sans représentant légal sur le territoire français, peuvent bénéficier de la protection de l’enfance. Arrivé.e.s sur la scène de l’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement, ces jeunes migrant.e.s sont soumis.e.s à une épreuve de crédibilité narrative, comportementale et physique : ils ou elles doivent dévoiler leurs récits, leurs corps et leurs expressions non verbales en restant à tout prix un « enfant » aux yeux de ceux qui les jugent. Plusieurs questions sont alors posées : comment se construit le jugement de l’âge ? comment se forment les décisions de classement entre les « vrais » et les « faux » mineurs ? comment les acteurs de la protection de l’enfance sont-ils amenés à mobiliser des arguments, critères et justifications qui mènent à des pratiques de « gestion migratoire » ? Pour étudier les pratiques du jugement dans ce contexte d’incertitude qu’est l’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement, je propose donc une analyse de la sphère interne institutionnelle. A partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée entre octobre 2014 et novembre 2016, d’abord dans un lieu d’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement géré par l’association France terre d’asile en région parisienne, puis auprès des différents acteurs de la « distribution » de la protection dans différents départements parisiens, et enfin autour de deux campements urbains auto-gérés par des migrant.e.s, cette thèse interroge, en étudiant le « quotidien » de l’institution, la façon dont les mineur.e.s isolé.e.s sont jugé.e.s, étiqueté.e.s et sélectionné.e.s avant d’avoir accès – ou non – à la protection de l’enfance. / This research seeks to understand how unaccompanied migrant children, that have arrived on French territory without a legal guardian can access child protective services. Arrived on the stage of the assessment of age and isolation, these young migrants’ narrative, behavioral and physical credibility is tested. Through their narratives, physical and non-verbal expressions, these children must demonstrate to those who judge them that they are a “child”, at all costs. Consequently, several questions can be asked: How can age be judged? How are the decisions of classification between the "true" and "fake" minors taken? How are child protection actors brought to mobilize arguments, criteria and justifications which lead to practices of "migratory management "? To study the practices of judgment in this context of uncertainty, meaning the assessment of age and isolation, this dissertation offers an analysis of the internal workings of institutions. The field investigation was carried out between October 2014 and November 2016, firstly in a centre of evaluation of age and isolation managed by the association France terre d’asile in Paris region, then with the various actors in charge of “distributing" the protection in various Parisian departments, and finally in two urban camps that are self-managed by migrants. Based on this investigation and through the study of everyday life of the institution, this dissertation questions the way unaccompanied children are judged, labelled and selected before having access - or not - to child protection.

For most people, family represents a place where they feel safe and loved. But not everyone is lucky enough to have a place like this, to have a functional family. If the biological family does not work as it should and a baby is threatened in some way, the state has several options to help the child. If there are solvable problems in the family, the state can try to help it by various interventions to improve the situation. But if these actions do not help and the child is forced to leave this family, it is necessary to ensure alternative environment for baby. The child can either be placed in institutional care, or to substitutional family care. Considering the shortcomings of institutional care, various forms of substitutional care are mainly supported. Probably the best known form of substitutional care is adoption. In the case of adoption, baby becomes the member of new family and relationships between child and his biological family vanishes. This form is only possible for a small percentage of abandoned children, because most of them still has some kind of relationship with biological family. For these children, there is an alternative, namely foster care. In the case of foster care, child grows up in a foster family, foster parents care for him every day, but the child still has a...

Foster care is currently a topic that arouses certain controversy in society, which often stems from ignorance of this type of alternative family care. In the diploma thesis, with the help of the analysis, the domestic system of substitute family care was comprehensively described with a focus on foster care. This system was subsequently compared with foreign systems. The work also deals with the identification of the main motivational factors that are essential for the performance of foster care. To find out important information about the motivational factors of foster care, the method of a questionnaire survey was used, which was conducted with foster parents and also with persons without experience with foster care. The questionnaire survey with foster parents showed that the main motivating factor for foster parents is selfless help for children in institutional care. The questionnaire survey with people without experience with foster care showed that their motivation for foster care would be stimulated by helping children in institutional care and efforts to provide family facilities for such children. Several responses from the questionnaire surveys were also compared. From this comparison came significant differences in motivational factors between foster parents and people without...

Endast 10% av föräldrar med en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning uppger att de får det stöd de är i behov av i sitt föräldraskap. Det har skett ett skifte i synen på individer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning vilket inkluderar möjligheter till föräldraskap. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur professionella inom socialt arbete upplever det givna stödet till föräldrar med intellektuell funktions-nedsättning. Studien har haft en kvalitativ ansats där sju semistrukturerade inter-vjuer har utförts med socionomer som kommer i kontakt med familjerna i sitt arbete. Resultatet visar på att det blir den professionellas egna förmåga och handlingsutrymme att forma och utföra arbetet, samt hur organisationen påverkar utformningen av arbetet. Även om det har skett en förändring kring synen på föräldrar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning visar studien att arbetet behöver utvecklas för att möjliggöra ett tillräckligt stöd kring föräldraskapet. / Only 10% of parents with an intellectual disability state that they get the support they are in need of. There has been a shift in the view of people with intellectual disabilities, which includes the right of parenthood. The aim of this study is to investigate how social workers experience the given support to parents with an intellectual disability. The study has been conducted using a qualitative approach in which seven semi-structured interviews were held with social workers who come in contact with the families in their work. The results show that it is the professionals’ own ability and discretion to design the work and how the organ-ization affects the work. Even though there has been a shift in the view of parents with intellectual disabilities rights the study shows that there is more work to be done to give enough support to the parents.

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment s’exerce la parentalité d’accueil dans le contexte des visites supervisées. À partir du point de vue des familles d’accueil, cette étude vise à décrire leur compréhension des visites supervisées; leur implication dans la planification de celles-ci; l’accompagnement qu’elles offrent à l’enfant et la communication qu’elles ont avec les différents acteurs impliqués dans les visites supervisées. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées avec quatorze parents d’accueil affiliés au programme jeunesse du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal. Les entrevues ont été soumises à une démarche d’analyse de contenu thématique. Le modèle théorique et conceptuel écosystémique de la parentalité a été utilisé pour décrire les différentes dimensions de la parentalité d’accueil dans le contexte des visites supervisées. Les résultats de cette recherche démontrent que les familles d’accueil ont une bonne compréhension des visites supervisées en termes des objectifs visés et des motifs de leur mise en place. Pour ce qui est de la planification des visites supervisées, l’implication des familles d’accueil est variable. Certaines rapportent être impliquées dans les prises de décisions tandis que d’autres témoignent se faire imposer des choix par l’intervenant. En ce qui concerne l’accompagnement offert aux enfants, des besoins de formation et/ou de coaching ont été identifiés par bon nombre de familles d’accueil. Il ressort également de cette étude que les familles d’accueil ont majoritairement des échanges positifs avec l’intervenant. Quant à la communication avec les parents d’origine, une panoplie d’expériences autant positive que négative a été rapportée par les familles d’accueil. L’analyse du discours des participants a mis en lumière des défis associés à l’exercice de la parentalité d’accueil dans le contexte des visites supervisées. Elle a également soulevé des enjeux reliés à la reconnaissance des familles d’accueil comme partenaire dans la prestation de services à l’enfant. En terminant, cette recherche offre des pistes de réflexion intéressantes concernant la parentalité d’accueil et les pratiques en matière de visites supervisées. / The main objective of this research is to understand how foster parenting is exercised in the context of supervised visitation. From the foster families' point of view, this study aims to describe their understanding of supervised visits; their involvement in their planning; the support they provide to the child; the communication they have with various parties involved in supervised visits. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen foster parents affiliated with the youth program division from the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal. The interviews were subject to a continuous thematization. The theoretical and conceptual ecosystemic model of parenting was used to describe the various dimensions of foster parenting. The results of this research show that foster families have a good understanding of supervised visits in terms of their objectives and the reasons for their implementation. The foster families’ involvement in the planning of supervised visits varies. Some are involved in decision-making. While others have choices imposed on them by caseworkers. As for the accompaniment of children, a need for training and/or coaching was identified by a good number of foster families. This study also shows that the majority of foster families have positive exchanges with caseworkers. As for communication with the child’s biological parents, a variety of experiences were reported by the foster families. The participants' discourse analysis highlighted the challenges of foster parenting in the context of supervised visits. It also raised issues related to the recognition of foster families as partners in the delivery of services to children. In conclusion, this research offers interesting avenues for reflection regarding foster parenting and practices for supervised visits.

The thesis focuses on the role of Low-threshold institutions for children and youth (NZDM) in the system of social- legal Child protection, their significance, possibilities and cooperation with other subjects, namely with Department of Social and Legal Protection for Children (OSPOD). The theoretical part defines what the social and legal protection for children is responsible for, how the cooperation between individual subjects work and what notification and information obligations are the subjects bound to fulfil. Attention is also paid to the tasks of OSPOD, NZDM and the role of entrusted persons in the system. The practical part is focused on three main topics. 1) Do the NZDMs have an authorisation to perform social and legal protection of children (and advantages and disadvantages associated with it)? 2) What is the role of NZDM in the system of Child protection (With what clients they work? How can NZDMs help their clients? And do they cooperate with other subjects)? 3) How does the cooperation with OSPOD works?The qualitative (interviews) as well as quantitative (questionnaires) methods have been used during the research.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how social workers experience their cooperation in childcare investigations, how they experience their discretion and what happens emotionally with social workers in relationship with child care investigations. The study is based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. The interviews have been analyzed via a thematic analysis and have been interpreted with the theoretical frameworks, human service organizations, street level bureaucracy and power. The results show that work linked to childcare investigations arouses feelings of the social secretary. Feelings like hopefulness, fear, stress and powerlessness. Further results show that the social secretary prefers parents to accept voluntary efforts compared with imperativ efforts and cooperation is of the greatest importance to bring child care investigations forward. The study shows that the social secretaries consider themselves to have discretion in their work but their work is also controlled by the organization. Especially when it comes to imperative care, something that the law also prescribes.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to investigate the empowering and limiting factors that social workers are subjected to when they are to involve children in child welfare investigations. The empirical collection for the bachelor thesis is based on qualitative data collected by interviewing five social workers working mainly within the children- and family units and a sample of 17 scientific articles. The articles are international with origins from England, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Taiwan. When the empirical collection was compiled we could establish that the term “children’s participation” is in fact a complex field to put into practice by the social workers. Even if the children in some cases showed willingness to participate this could be limited by the social workers' fear to overburden them. Among other factors that limited the children’s participation was the social workers’ ambiguous view on children’s participation, the high workload, the caretakers influence on children’s participation, the child’s age and maturity as well as the social worker’s lack of competence and communication skills. Through the collection of former research, interviewing material, and Harry Shier’s Pathway to Participation model (2001) we could analyze how children’s participation is shaped by forming a thematic analysis. Finally, we can note that the reached stage of participation is relatively limited and does not reach a higher stage than stage two in Shier’s Pathway to Participation model (2001). Due to our limited possibility to conduct more interviews we couldn’t draw any general conclusions. However, we were able to shine a light on the critical and challenging aspects social workers could face when trying to enable child participation.

Professionella som möter barn i sitt arbete har en absolut anmälningsplikt att orosanmäla vid misstanke om att ett barn far eller riskerar att fara illa enligt 14:1 SoL. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hinder och möjligheter för anmälningspliktiga att göra en orosanmälan, undersöka hur de skattar sin kunskap kring anmälningsplikten och samarbetet med socialtjänsten. Föreliggande studie är en kvantitativ studie baserad på en webbenkät där 66 respondenter som lyder under anmälningsplikten fått svara på frågor och påståenden gällande lagen om anmälningsplikt och orosanmälan. I studien ingick yrkesverksamma från för- grund- och gymnasieskola, polis, fritidsgård samt socialtjänst från Trollhättans kommun. Resultat för studien bygger på statistiska analyser och pekar på att det finns påverkningsfaktorer som gör att professionella med anmälningsplikt väljer att göra eller inte göra en orosanmälan trots att lagen menar att inga övervägningar ska göras av den anmälningsskyldige. 13,6% av respondenterna håller inte alls med eller tar delvis avstånd från att de skulle ha goda kunskaper om vad deras anmälningsplikt innebär. Respondenter med erfarenhet av samverkan med socialtjänst är inte helt nöjda med tidigare erfarenhet av samverkan samtidigt skattar de effekten av samverkan som positiv. Resultatet visar på att utökad kunskap behövs om utsatthet hos barn, om anmälningsplikten generellt samt förståelse för att anmälningsplikten är absolut hos anmälningspliktiga

Over the past several years, increasing public emphasis on preventing child maltreatment has resulted in substantial changes to Florida's child abuse and neglect central registry. Many of these recent changes, aimed at preventing child maltreatment, have resulted in over one million false, unsubstantiated, and inconclusive reports of child abuse and neglect within the last decade. While the information held in reports may be useful for identifying and preventing potential child abuse or neglect, due process concerns have been raised with regards to the process of placing a person's name in a report without providing a hearing for challenging or removing inaccurate information. Focusing on Florida law, this research concentrates on: 1) the child maltreatment reporting process, 2) the procedures for maintaining reports, and 3) the accessibility of these reports in order to determine whether due process constitutional rights are protected under Florida's child abuse and neglect reporting laws. The intent of this thesis is to analyze the occurrence of unsubstantiated cases of child maltreatment, incidences of false reporting, and legal remedies available for those wrongfully accused of abusing or neglecting a child. Through the analysis of case law, federal and state statutes, available statistics, child abuse resources, and personal interviews with members of the Florida Legislature, evidence shows that due process constitutional rights are not protected under Florida's child abuse and neglect reporting laws. By raising awareness of the areas of child protection that require legal re-evaluation, this thesis aims to discover the balance between protecting children from harm and protecting adults from the severe ramifications resulting from false and improper allegations of child abuse and neglect.