Studien syftar till att studera samverkan på Barnahus och om det någon gång kan krocka mellan de olika professionerna. Om så är fallet, vill vi författare se ifall det kan uppstå några konsekvenser för barnet. Empirin har samlats in genom fem kvalitativa intervjuer med professionella på det utvalda Barnahuset. Av informanterna var tre socialsekreterare, en polis och en åklagare. Materialet har transkriberats för att sedan analyseras utifrån en tematisk analys. Detta resulterade i fyra teman: Barnets bästa i fokus, Samverkan på Barnahus, Svårigheter på Barnahus och Påfrestningar för barnet. Resultatet har sedan tolkats, analyserats och diskuterats utifrån den valda teoretiska utgångspunkten nyinstitutionell teori. Studien visar att de professionella upplever samverkan som väl fungerande men att de ibland kan krocka i arbetet då de har olika arbetsuppgifter. Vissa av dessa krockar kan leda till påfrestningar för barnet, en av dessa påfrestningar är att barnet skuldbeläggs. / This bachelor thesis in social work aims to study the interaction between the different professionals and organisations in the swedish version of Childrens Advocacy Centers, Barnahus, and if it ever can clash between the different professions. If so, we authors would like to see if there could be any consequenses for the child. The empirical data were collected through five qualitative interviews with different professionals at the chosen Children Advocacy Center. Three of our informants were social workers, one worked as a police officer and the fifth informant worked as a prosecutor. We transcribed the material we recieved to analyze it based on a thematic analysis. We created four different themes based on the result we got: Focus on the childs best, interaction on Childrens Advocacy Center, Difficulties on Childrens Advocacy Center and Strain of the child. The result was later on interpreted and analyzed and discussed from a chosen theoretical point of view; institutional theory. This study shows that the professionals experience interaction as well functioning, but sometimes they collide at work when they have different tasks. Some of these crashes can cause problems for the child, one of these strains is that the child is blamed.

The thesis examines the Children’s Centre Programme in England and develops an understanding of its development at national and local level by using Kingdon’s (1995) streams model. Central to the thesis is a case study of the Children’s Centre Programme which looks at influential factors in the development at national level and implementation of the programme in one local authority. Traditionally Kingdon’s (1995) model has been used to understand the way that a wide range of factors interact to enable policy change at national level but a small number of authors have also used the model at local level showing that the range of factors that impact on the local implementation of a policy are also many and varied. One of the most well know aspects of Kingdon’s model is in showing how the problem, policy and politics streams come together to create a window of opportunity which allows or drives policy change and or enactment. This thesis will use the model in a broader sense showing that although this window of opportunity is important the interaction of the three streams is ongoing and not only does it lead to significant policy change but it also informs debates and policy development on an ongoing basis.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur pedagoger resonerar kring organiseringen av inomhusmiljön i förhållande till barns inflytande. Detta har jag undersökt genom att ta reda på vilka handlingserbjudanden som pedagoger vill att deras inomhusmiljö ska förmedla samt vilket inflytande barn ges utifrån dessa handlingserbjudanden. Studien är genomförd via en gruppintervju med ett arbetslag på en svensk förskola i Mellansverige. Resultatet visar att det är lugna handlingserbjudanden som pedagogerna vill förmedla genom sitt sätt att organisera miljön. Detta visas dels genom vilka aktiviteter som pedagogerna erbjuder barnen och dels genom att de medvetet försöker möblera så barnen inte ska inbjudas till spring, hopp och rörelse. Resultatet visar vidare att barnen har inflytande inom de ramar som pedagogerna har satt upp. Eftersom pedagogerna vill att det är lugna aktiviteter som ska förekomma på avdelningen har barnen inflytande att påverka så länge det rör sig om just lugna aktiviteter. Barnen har alltså ett indirekt inflytande som dessutom varierar beroende på om det gäller möblering och tomma ytor, material, klimat eller aktiviteter och material som ska kopplas till nuvarande mål. Även barnens ålder spelar in på vilket inflytande de ges, framförallt gällande material. / The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge regarding teachers’ belief about the organization of the indoor setting in relation to children’s influence. I have examined this by observing what affordances teachers wish their indoor stetting to convey and what influence children are given based on these affordances. The study was conducted through a group interview with a team in a Swedish preschool in central Sweden. The result show that the affordances teachers wish to convey through their way of organizing the indoor setting are calm activities. This is shown partly through what activates teachers present to the children and partly through the way that teachers consciously furnish to avoid children from running and jumping. Further result show that children are able to practice influence within rules stipulated by the teachers. Since teachers convey affordances of a calm nature children may practice influence as long as activates are of a calm nature. This show that children have an implied influence witch also varies depending on if it relays to furnishing and empty spaces, material, climate or activities and material connected to present objects. Children’s age is also a factor which affects what influence they are given, especially regarding materials.

This thesis poses a number of questions about research and pedagogy with young children under three, with a particular focus on the opportunities for children’s ‘voices’ to be heard and for them to participate in the planning of the curriculum in early years’ settings. The persistent division between education and care has been an issue in many European countries for a long time (OECD, 2006). The thesis reports on the findings of a research project in both England and Greece. The research aims were to consider how the meaning of children’s participation is defined in the settings in the two countries; whether children use the resources provided according to adult expectation and initial planning and how practitioners react to children’s choices by supporting, ignoring or disapproving them. The theoretical underpinning for the thesis is drawn particularly from the work of Rogoff and Corsaro. Research focused on six children in both England and Greece who were observed during their involvement in both adult directed and child initiated activities in the settings. An ethnographic approach together with a range of ‘participatory’ methods were used including data gathered through video recordings made by both children and adults.This study has found that children express their perceptions during an activity in a very complicated way, elaborating and examining all the parameters that could place them in trouble. Additionally, the findings have shown that what the child is doing during an activity is not always what he is thinking, while many times children appeared to have their own agenda, thus ignoring or subverting adult plans. The main finding is that no matter what the differences and similarities in early years’ education and care between the two countries are, there is an urgent need to promote the children’s participatory rights, as adult’s authority and power is generally taken for granted. This thesis argues for ethical tensions in research with young children and for balanced pedagogy where both adults’ and children’s voices influence the curriculum.

Children as young as three seem already to possess amazing knowledge about what practice in a certain context is appropriate and what is not. This study investigated very young children’s literacy practices in an artifact-rich environment, a children’s museum. It focused on young children’s experience of enculturation such as how they respond to the symbolic qualities of cultural artifacts as well as their experience of socialization with teachers and peers. The research methodology involved photography and semiotic analysis based on a post-discourse perspective derived from post-modernism, post-structuralism, and critical theory. Specifically, the works of Bourdieu, Foucault, and Baudrillard were the theoretical basis of this dissertation. The findings indicate that children's literacy practices were context contingent and power laden, and that photography, as a means to study embodied literacy experiences, froze the moment of habitus and capital and revealed children’s sociohistorical backgrounds and traces from the broader society. The implications for early school education and critical pedagogy are also discussed. / text

This research examines the political geographies of Palestinian children, and the ways in which their everyday spaces and practices are shaped by broader social and political processes. This research begins with an investigation into the role of the child in the moral geopolitics of humanitarianism and the Palestinian/Israeli conflict. From here, the research explores how the competing discourses of Palestinian nationalism and international humanitarianism, and the legacy of forced migration, have shaped the subjectivity of Palestinian children and the spaces of childhood in a West Bank refugee camp, from homes, to schools, streets, and youth centers. Finally, using participant observation, visual methods and guided tours, this research explores how children reshape the discursive spaces of childhood and child subjectivity through their everyday practices.

<p>Barn till psykisk sjuka kan ha ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa men detta kan uppvägas av tillgängliga skyddsfaktorer. Barn har blivit mer uppmärksammade inom vuxenpsykiatrin på senare år. Beardslees familjeintervention implementeras sedan 2008 i Sverige. Studien undersökte hur vuxenpsykiatrin stödjer barn till psykisk sjuka, speciellt angående interventionen. Tio anställda, utbildade i interventionen, från sju psykiatriska kliniker i Stockholm intervjuades. Materialet analyserades abduktivt. Barns reaktioner och behov visade sig påverkas av föräldrafunktionen och risk- och skyddsfaktorer hos barnet, i omgivningen och situationen. Interventionen upplevdes bli ett sätt att uppmärksamma barn och skapa dialog inom familjen. Samtidigt upplevde deltagarna bristande kunskap om hur man kommunicerar med barn. För att stödja barn som mår dåligt skulle ett samarbete med BUP behövas. Ingen barnpolicy på avdelningsnivå finns och barns delaktighet ansågs låg. Preventivt arbete kan minska riskfaktorerna, men fokus måste också vara att öka barns möjlighet att hantera vardagssituationen, vilken kan förändras av omständigheterna och över tid.</p> / <p>Children of mentally ill parents have a higher risk to develop psychiatric problems but this risk can be reduced by protective factors. In recent years children of mentally ill have received more attention within adult psychiatry. The Beardslee family intervention has been implemented in Sweden since 2008. This study examines how adult psychiatry supports children of mentally ill, with focusing specifically on this intervention.  Ten professionals, educated in the intervention, from seven psychiatric hospitals in Stockholm, were interviewed and data analyzed abductive. Children's reactions and needs was shown to be influenced by the parenting skills and factors of risk and protection within the child, the environment and the situation. The intervention was perceived as a way of paying attention to the child and to create a dialogue within the family. At the same time the participants experienced a lack of knowledge about how to communicate with children. In order to support children cooperation with child psychiatry is required. No policy of how to handle children was available at the hospital units and the participation of children is considered to be low. Prevention may decrease the risk factors but there must also be a focus on increasing the possibility for the child to cope with the everyday situation. This situation may also change depending on circumstances and over time.</p>

<p>The purpose of this project is to survey the presence of folk expressions, i.e. proverbs, proverbial expressions, wellerisms and familiar expressions, in some of the realistic children’s books by Astrid Lindgren. The purpose also includes the study of the contextual and pragmatic functions of the expressions as well as how the expressions are integrated into the text by the change of the formulaic standard structure. The contextual and pragmatic function concern when, how and why the expressions are used and who the users of the expressions are. The questions at issue are:</p><p>What kind of folk expressions occur in the children’s books by Astrid Lindgren?</p><p>What contextual and pragmatic functions do the expressions have?</p><p>How are the expressions integrated into the text?</p><p>To be able to answer the questions, folk expressions were excerpted from the books with the help of close reading. The contextual and pragmatic functions of the expressions were determined by analysing the communicative context, the senders and the receivers of the expressions, the senders’ purpose in using the expressions. Furthermore, the changes in the structure of the expressions were analysed in order to determine how the expressions were integrated into the text. The result shows that the 52 folk expressions found in general are used in dialogues between adults as senders and children as receivers. The senders use the expressions mainly to comment on anything or anyone with the purpose to explain, i.e. a didactic purpose. The majority of the expressions have not changed their formulaic standard structure, and the expressions that have changed are used as allusions, paraphrases or ellipses of folk expressions.</p>

Barn i åldrarna 4-9 år har tydliga önskemål kring hur de vill att deras restaurangbesök ska se ut. I samarbete med Barnens Bästa Bord har en kvalitativ studie gjorts med fokus på barns önskemål vid restaurangbesök. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka barnens önskemål när de går på restaurang med hänsyn till hela måltidsupplevelsen gällande mat, miljö, meny och bemötande. Metoderna som har använts är bildövning där barn har ritat sin favoriträtt, fokusgruppintervjuer med barn samt enkätundersökningar med föräldrar.Resultatet visar att gemenskapen inom familjen är viktig för barnen vid restaurangmåltiden. Barnen är medvetna om att vid restaurangbesök önskas lugn och ro, dock är stillasittande ett problem för barnen. De efterfrågar lugna aktiviteter som kan genomföras vid bordet men även fysisk aktivitet. Det är viktigt för många barn att maten som serveras inte är blandad på tallriken och de önskar en roligare meny med färger, bilder och tydlig text. Föräldrarna önskar en mer varierad barnmeny med fler valmöjligheter och att maten kan anpassas efter barnens ålder och behov. Frukt och grönsaker ses som en viktig och naturlig del av måltiden, både för barn och för föräldrar. Föräldrar önskar även att barnen ska få en bra måltidsupplevelse. / Children between 4-9 years old have clear wishes about how they want their restaurant visits will be. In collaboration with “Barnens Bästa Bord” this qualitative study, focuses on the child’s wishes when visiting a restaurant. The aim is to take the entire meal experience regarding food, environment, customer service and menu into consideration. Methods used were a drawing exercise in which, children drew their favorite dish, focus group interviews with children and finally a questionnaire directed towards parents.Results show that community within the family is important for the children at restaurant visits. The children are aware that when eating they are expected to behave peacefully and quiet, although sedentary is a problem for the children and they are asking for silent activities at the table but also physical activities. It is important for many children that food is not mixed on the plate and they request a fun menu with color, pictures and distinct fonts. The parents request a bigger variation of the children’s menu and that the food can be adjusted according to age and needs. Fruits and vegetables are important and natural parts of the meal for both child and parent. Parents wish to give the children a pleasant meal experience. / Barnens Bästa Bord

Concern for children’s safety and protection has become a global issue and has evoked considerable debate since the publication of the United Nations’ widely ratified Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989. A dominant theme within this charter and within the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) is the recognition that children are individuals with rights that need to be respected and protected. More specifically, Article 32 of the UNCRC states that children should be protected from ‘economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development’. Nigeria has signed and ratified both the UNCRC and the African Charter and has committed itself to ensuring the welfare and protection of its children. This thesis examines children’s work experiences and their interpretations of these against the backdrop of the provisions of the UNCRC and the African charter. The study sets out to explore the meanings of work for itinerant street vending children and young people in Enugu, Nigeria and is based on a combined ethnographic methodology of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 24 child vendors in marketplaces over a period of six months. It will be argued that contemporary ideas about children’s work are framed by Euro-centric, adult perceptions and definitions of what they think working children are doing, and that the imposition of Western constructions of childhood does not reflect the lived realities of children. Discussions with children revealed, among other things, a contradiction and ambivalence in their understandings of work in relation to vending and an interplay of complex environmental, cultural and poverty factors. In children’s views, taking responsibilities in activities that add positive values to their personal development and to the continued survival of their families was part of their childhood. Whilst street based observations of the markets revealed some fundamental dangers and problems with street vending, especially the reality of physical, social and emotional abuse, these young children have developed robust coping mechanisms and social networks which reflect a blend of definitional adjustments, rationalisation and social bonding and which reveal inadequacies in the enforcement of child protection policies. The tension between these risks and the importance of vending in the lives of the children is discussed. The role and type of work are further examined against dominant cultural values and socio economic realities in Nigeria in an attempt to fully explain the phenomenon of children’s work in this milieu. This study concludes that children’s participation in vending, while at times both ‘hazardous’ and ‘harmful’, is a fact of life and a way of life for children growing up in Nigeria, an integral part of their childhood activity, and a realistic preparation for their future lives and careers. It is argued that this raises important challenges not only to the children’s rights agenda, but also to social welfare agencies which seek to provide support to children and young people in developing countries such as Nigeria.