Orientador: Norma Sandra de Almeida Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_IrisFilomenaMendesde_M.pdf: 11747194 bytes, checksum: 0211d2b6dd7d4afc583dc1e8cae6c40f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: No Brasil, inúmeras pesquisas estudam obras portuguesas destinadas ao público infantil,as quais tiveram ampla circulação no país no século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX. Contudo, a respeito da circulação dessas obras no século XXI, percebemos a existência de poucos estudos, estando a temática dispersa em diferentes espaços de buscas e de pesquisas, o que traz dificuldades aos pesquisadores da área quando se trata da identificação dos autores portugueses no campo da produção lusófona. Nesse sentido, nessa dissertação pretendemos contribuir tanto para o dimensionamento e entendimento deste campo de pesquisa em sua historicidade, quanto para o alargamento da compreensão e das relações entre literatura infantojuvenil e o mercado em que ela está inserida. A interrogação dos dados, confrontados com outras informações levantadas nesta pesquisa, permitiu-nos apontar para alguns fatores que, ao que parece, vêm acarretando uma mudança no cenário desta produção, fomentando sua circulação e consolidando a presença desta literatura no mercado brasileiro, nos últimos anos. Neste trabalho, inventariamos e investigamos as obras infantojuvenis portuguesas à venda em uma grande livraria brasileira, no período de agosto de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. Examinamos a relação entre a quantidade de títulos disponíveis, bem como as editoras (brasileiras e portuguesas) que as publicam, considerando as conexões entre as coleções, os escritores, os ilustradores e a data de publicação/impressão das obras. Buscamos, ainda, conhecer e perceber as preferências, continuidades e descontinuidades do percurso produtivo desta literatura, mediada por questões educacionais, mercadológicas, comemorativas e de fomento do setor. Procuramos, também, percorrer algumas das mais relevantes projeções dos livros infantojuvenis portugueses na mídia brasileira. Foram localizados 128 livros de escritores/ilustradores portugueses disponíveis para venda, todos voltados para o público infantil e/ou juvenil e publicados por 26 editoras. 61 destas obras foram publicadas no Brasil por 17 editoras brasileiras, enquanto que 67 foram importadas, tendo sido publicadas/impressas por 9 editoras portuguesas. As obras foram escritas por 52 autores/coautores, dos quais 46 são portugueses; dos 63 ilustradores, 25 são portugueses. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica é constituída por estudos da História Cultural (Chartier, 1999 e 1996); pelas pesquisas do estado da arte (Ferreira, 1999) e pelos estudos de pesquisadores da Literatura infantil portuguesa, principalmente Barreto (2002, 1998), Rocha (2001) e Ferreira (2008). / Abstract: In Brazil there are several researches on Portuguese works devoted to children. These works were widely diffused during the 19th century and in the early decades of the 20th century. But there are few studies about the diffusion of Portuguese children's Literature in the 21st century. This subject is spread in different places to look for them or to study them. This fact can cause some trouble to researchers in this area of knowledge when they want to identify Portuguese authors in the area of Portuguese speakers output. In such case, this dissertation intends to contribute not only to survey and to understand this area of investigation within its history but it also aims to enlarge the conception and the relation between children's Literature and the market where it is published. When we discuss data and compare them with other information that was concluded by this research, it is possible to point out some factors that are changing the scenery of children's Literature output. This fact has recently stimulated its diffusion and has solidified the presence of this Literature in Brazilian market. In this research we registered and investigated Portuguese books for children and youths that were available in a great Brazilian bookstore from August 2010 to December 2011. We observed the relation between the amount of available titles as well as Brazilian and Portuguese publishing companies where the books were printed and we observed the relations between the books, the authors, the illustrators and the period when the books were printed. We also tried to know and to realize the preferences, the duration or interruption of the productive trajectory of this Literature which is mediated by questions related to education, market, celebrations and stimulation of the sector. We also tried to exam some of the most important Portuguese books outputs for children and youths in Brazilian media. We localized one hundred and twenty-eight available books written or drawn by Portuguese writers or illustrators. All these books are dedicated to children and youths. The books were published by twenty-six publishing companies. Sixty-one books were published in Brazil by seventeen Brazilian publishing companies. Sixty-seven books were imported and they were published by nine Portuguese publishing companies. The books were written by fifty-two authors or co-authors. Forty-six authors are Portuguese. Among sixty-three illustrators we have twenty-five Portuguese artists. The theoretical and methodological perspective is based on studies of Cultural History (Chartier, 1999, 1996), on the researches on the State of Art (Ferreira, 1999) and researchers into Portuguese Children's Literature especially Barreto (2002, 1998), Rocha (2011) and Ferreira (2008). / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestra em Educação

Hösten 2016 genomförde vi en studie i en svensk grundskola i en årskurs 2 med syfte att kartlägga några elevers inställning till att lära sig det engelska språket och hur den inställningen påverkades av högläsning av engelsk barnlitteratur. Syftet var också att kartlägga om högläsning påverkade elevernas passiva ordförråd samt om eleverna använde någon form av språklig strategi vid mötet av okända ord under högläsningen.    De datainsamlingsmetoder som användes i studien var 71 strukturerade elevintervjuer, enkla observationer av tre undervisningstillfällen med högläsning av en ny engelskspråkig skönlitterär text vid varje och ett ordtest som genomfördes före och efter de tre undervisningstillfällena.   Studiens resultat antyder att högläsning av engelsk barnlitteratur inte har påverkat elevernas inställning till att lära sig engelska markant, men att eleverna var positiva till högläsning i engelskundervisningen. Resultatet visar även att elevernas passiva ordförråd verkar ha ökat efter de tre undervisningstillfällena, samt att cirka hälften av eleverna kunde rapportera att de använt någon språklig strategi i mötet med de engelska texterna, till exempel att använda bilderna eller likheter med det svenska språket.    Vår slutsats är att högläsning av engelsk barnlitteratur i undervisningen kan bidra till att upprätthålla elevers språkliga nyfikenhet och positiva inställning till att lära sig engelska samt att de utökar sitt passiva ordförråd. En annan slutsats är att alla elever bör ges möjlighet i undervisningen att utveckla förmågan att använda språkliga strategier i enlighet med Skolverket (2011b). / The autumn of 2016, we conducted a study in a Swedish grade 2 class with the aim to identify some pupils´ attitudes to learning the English language and how those attitudes were influenced by the reading aloud of English children´s literature. The aim was also to see whether reading aloud influenced the pupils´ passive vocabulary and whether they used some form of linguistic strategies when encountering unknown words during the listening.    The data collection methods used in the study were 71 structured interviews with the pupils, simple observations of three lessons with reading aloud of English children´s literature and word tests conducted before and after the three lessons.    The study´s results suggest that the reading aloud of English children´s literature did not affect the pupils´ attitudes towards learning English significantly, but that the pupils were positive towards reading aloud during English classes. The results further indicate that the pupils´ passive vocabulary increased after the three lessons, and that about half of them used a linguistic strategy when encountering unknown words during the reading, for example use of pictures and of the similarity to the Swedish language.    A conclusion of this study is that reading aloud of English children´s literature in teaching can help to maintain pupils´ linguistic curiosity and positive attitudes to learning English, as well as expand their passive vocabulary. Another conclusion is that all pupils should be given the opportunity in class to develop the ability to use linguistic strategies according to Skolverket (2011b).

This study investigates the extent to which a story written 100 years ago, full of moral, patriotic, heroic and freedom-influences messages, can be used as a teaching instrument to convey the norms and values needed for active participation in society. Two versions of the classic tale of Peter Pan, an illustrated chapter book Peter Pan and Wendy (2013) and a picture book Peter Pan (2014), were analysed with the focus on the character of Peter Pan. The results show that both books can be used very well as teaching aids because Peter Pan is a complex and multifaceted character. The analysis reveals his positive and negative qualities, which can be discussed in the teaching as a way to communicate norms and values. The study shows useful examples of what this work can look like.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur genus framställs i tio utvalda bilderböcker. Urvalet av de böcker som analyserats, skedde genom att två bibliotek tog fram information kring vilka de mest utlånade bilderböckerna år 2020 var bland barn i åldern 3–6 år, relaterat till de äldre barnen i förskolan. Studien utgörs av en hermeneutisk textanalys ur ett genusperspektiv. Bilderböckerna bearbetades sedan utifrån flera analysfrågor vid flertalet tillfällen för att se hur barnlitteraturen framställer genus utifrån relevant teori och vad tidigare forskning har visat på.  Vår slutsats är att bilderböcker till stora delar skildrar genus utifrån de stereotyper genusteorier pekar på och tidigare forskning visar, antingen i text, bild eller i ikonotexten. Denna slutsats baserar vi på de könsstereotypa karaktärer och miljöer som vi har funnit i de analyserade böckerna. De böcker som har pojkar som huvudrollsinnehavare genererar en berättelse som är snabb och händelserik i jämförelse med när flickor har huvudrollen. Karaktärernas egenskaper förstärker de traditionella könsmönstren oavsett om karaktärerna är djur eller människor. Bilderna i böckerna är de som många gånger förstärker könsstereotyper exempelvis genom färger eller kläder. / The purpose of this study is to analyze how gender is portrayed in picture books. The analyzed data consist of ten picture books. The selection of the ten books were made by two libraries producing information about the most borrowed picture books year 2020 for children in the age of 3-6 years, the older children in preschool. This analysis is carried out through a hermeneutic text analysis from a gender perspective. Our conclusion is that picture books largely depict gender based on the stereotypes that previous research discuss, either in text, image or iconotext. The conclusion is based on the stereotypical characteristics of the male and female characters as well as on how environments are portrayed in the analyzed books. The books with male protagonists generate a story that is fast and eventful in comparison with narratives with female protagonists. The characters’ characteristics reflect traditional gender patterns regardless of whether the characters are animals or humans. It is often the pictures that reinforce gender stereotypes, for example through colors or clothes.

Children''s literature affects the child''s socialisation process, including the shaping the gender roles. But despite this, up to now children have featured less in gender scholarship. Against this backround, this paper seeks to critically interrogate the physical, social, economic and political manifestations of masculinities in selected Kiswahili children\''s books from Kenya. By analysing these works, we hope to demonstrate that power and ideological aspects of masculinites are rooted at childhood. Since special attention will be paid to the ideological and power basis of the masculinities, the analysis of the selected works is done in the encompassing prism of Critical Discourse Analysis revealing hegemonic masculinities.

[pt] Esta pesquisa investiga quatro narrativas de Clarice Lispector escritas para crianças: O mistério do coelho pensante , A mulher que matou os peixes , Quase de verdade e A vida íntima de Laura , no empenho teórico de formular concepções e cenas de infância implicadas nos dispositivos estético-literários dessas obras. / [en] This research investigates four narratives written by Clarice Lispector for children: The mystery of the thinking bunny, The woman who killed the fish, Almost true and Laura s private life, in the theoretical effort of formulating conceptions and scenes of childhood implied in the aesthetical and literary devices of these works.

In this study, we present the different teaching strategies that participating preschool teachers describe that they use to stimulate and develop children's language through fiction. We will present what factors influence the selection of fiction at the preschool. Furthermore, we describe the preschool teachers' perceptions of how they describe their conditions and knowledge of literature work together with the children. We chose to do a qualitative study where we visited different preschools to interview active preschool teachers based on semi-structured interview questions. When compiling the results, we used a phenomenographic methodological approach to obtain preschool teachers' different perceptions of the language-stimulating work. The most significant thing we were able to get in the result is that all preschool teachers in our study described an awareness of the importance of language-stimulating teaching in preschool. It also emerged that preschool teachers included language-stimulating activities through planned teaching or spontaneously arising situations. We were further able to discern in the results how the preschool teachers in our study used different strategies to stimulate children's language. Reading aloud, book conversations, image creation, dramatization and reflection conversations were some strategies that emerged. As a conclusion, through the interviews we were able to get the preschool teachers' perceptions and what conditions and challenges they experience with the language-developing work in preschool. Something that we have found important from the study is that preschool teachers' knowledge and prerequisites have a significant role in children's language development and where children's language is stimulated and challenged in social contexts. / I den här studien presenterar vi vilka olika undervisningsstrategier medverkande förskollärare beskriver att de använder sig av för att stimulera och utveckla barns språk genom skönlitteratur. Vi kommer att presentera vilka faktorer som påverkar urvalet av skönlitteratur på förskolan. Vidare redogör vi förskollärarnas uppfattningar av hur de beskriver sina förutsättningar och kunskaper kring litteraturarbete tillsammans med barnen. Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ studie där vi besökte olika förskolor för att intervjua verksamma förskollärare utifrån semistrukturerade intervjufrågor. Vid sammanställningen av resultatet utgick vi från en fenomenografisk metodansats för att få fram förskollärares olika uppfattningar om det språkstimulerande arbetet. Det mest betydelsefulla vi kunde vi få fram i resultatet var att samtliga förskollärare i vår studie beskrev en medvetenhet kring vikten av språkstimulerande undervisning i förskolan. Det framkom också att förskollärare inkluderade språkstimulerande aktiviteter genom planerad undervisning eller spontant uppkomna situationer. Vi kunde vidare i resultatet urskilja hur förskollärarna i vår studie använde sig av olika strategier för att stimulera barns språk. Högläsning, boksamtal, bildskapande, dramatisering och reflektionssamtal var några strategier som framkom. Som avslutning kunde vi genom intervjuerna få fram förskollärares uppfattningar och vilka förutsättningar och utmaningar de upplever med det språkutvecklande arbetet i förskolan. Något som vi funnit som viktigt utifrån studien är att förskollärares kunskaper och förutsättningar har en betydande roll för barns språkutveckling och där barns språk stimuleras och utmanas i sociala kontexter.

This thesis investigates and analyzes how Wu Zetian is portrayed in media directed at children. This thesis also plan to investigate how the portrayal of Wu Zetian in children´s media relates to academic literature. The main questions this thesis answered were the following: How is Wu Zetian portrayed in the source material? What qualities are attributed to Wu Zetian? Does the presentation of Wu Zetian in children´s media differ from the academic literature written by historians? If so, how?    The theories that this thesis was based on were the concepts that Bickford III and Rich presented in their study Examining the Representation of Slavery within Children´s Literature. These concepts were presentism, omission, chronological ethnocentrism, exceptionalism, heroification, and villainification. The second theory was gender theory. This theory was used as a theoretical interpretive framework for this thesis. The methods used were text analysis, close reading, and the theoretical concepts formulated by Bickford III and Rich.   The study concluded that Wu Zetian was mainly described in a glorifying light. The main attributes of Wu Zetian are positive, such as intelligence and beauty. The negative qualities attributed to Wu Zetian are that she was brutal. In general, Wu Zetian is presented and described in a positive and heroic light in children´s media. The difference in the presentation of Wu Zetian in children´s media and academic literature is minimal. In general, the children´s media downplays the brutal aspects of Wu´s life, while the academic literature talks about this aspect somewhat more. The main difference is that, children´s media is more glorifying and heroizing than academic literature.

[pt] Esta tese apresenta uma análise de reescritas brasileiras dos contos de Charles Perrault, sob uma perspectiva diacrônica e sincrônica, com o objetivo de compreender as diferentes formas como os contos do autor francês do século XVII têm sido reescritos no sistema literário brasileiro. Publicada na França, em 1697, a obra Histórias ou Contos do tempo antigo com moralidades ou Contos de Mamãe Gansa, alçada posteriormente à categoria de clássico da literatura infantojuvenil, contém oito contos em prosa, seguidos de moralidades em verso ao final de cada narrativa: A Bela Adormecida no bosque, O Chapeuzinho Vermelho, Barba Azul, O Mestre Gato ou o Gato de Botas, As Fadas, A Gata Borralheira ou A Sapatilha de Vidro, Riquete do Topete e O Pequeno Polegar (títulos dos contos de acordo com a tradução de Mário Laranjeira). Nesses contos, ao mesmo tempo em que recupera histórias populares da oralidade, Perrault insere sua marca autoral, a moralidade em verso, comentário final do autor sobre a história contada em prosa. Considerando que as moralidades possuem uma dupla função - autoral e literária - esta pesquisa se volta para o estudo da transmissão dos contos no Brasil com foco nesse duplo aspecto: a questão da autoria e a questão da literariedade. Tendo como principal pilar teórico os Estudos Descritivos da Tradução e adotando a metodologia de Lambert e Van Gorp, o corpus objeto de análise é composto por reescritas (e seus paratextos) publicadas em livro, desde o momento inicial em que os contos surgem no sistema literário brasileiro, ao final do século XIX, até a contemporaneidade, com a mais recente reescrita publicada em 2016. São também examinados alguns metatextos, tais como cartas e entrevistas, que auxiliam na compreensão das propostas dos reescritores e editores das obras. A partir das noções de André Lefevere acerca de reescrita e patronagem, considera-se que reescritas exercem papel central para o estabelecimento e a manutenção de cânones literários e projetam imagens novas ou distintas de obras e autores, de acordo com concepções ideológicas e poetológicas dos responsáveis pelas publicações (reescritores, prefaciadores, editores). Portanto, esta tese propõe a adoção de uma linha de pesquisa para os estudos literários que atente para a centralidade do fator reescrita, quando são analisadas obras estrangeiras inseridas em sistemas literários alvo. Como será visto no caso de Perrault no Brasil, as reescritas mais recentes, com diferenças relevantes em termos literários em relação às reescritas mais antigas, projetam novas imagens da obra e do autor, possibilitando novas leituras por parte do público leitor contemporâneo. / [en] In this doctoral dissertation, Brazilian rewritings of Charles Perrault s tales are analysed from a diachronic and synchronic perspective with the aim of comprehending the different forms in which this seventeenth-century French writer s stories have been rewritten in the Brazilian literary system. Published in France in 1697, Stories or Tales of Bygone Times, with Morals or Tales of Mother Goose, which was later acknowledged as a classic of children s literature, contains eight tales in prose followed by morals in verse at the end of each narrative: The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood, Little Red Riding-Hood, Bluebeard, The Master Cat or Puss in Boots, The Fairies, Cinderella or The Little Glass Slipper, Ricky of the Tuft and Little Thumb (full translations of the titles from the French source text). In these tales, while drawing on popular stories from the oral tradition, Perrault inserts his trademark morals in verse, offering a final comment on the story told in prose. Considering that the morals have a twofold function - both authorial and literary - the transmission of the tales in Brazil is studied with a focus on this dual aspect: authorship and literariness. Taking Descriptive Translation Studies as the main theoretical perspective and adopting Lambert and Van Gorp s methodology, the corpus under analysis is composed of rewritings (and their paratexts) published in books, ranging from when the tales first appeared in the Brazilian literary system in the late nineteenth century to the current day, the most recent of which having been published in 2016. Some metatexts are also examined, such as letters and interviews, which are helpful for understanding the rewriters and editors objectives. Based on Andre Lefevere s theoretical work on rewriting and patronage, it is suggested that rewritings exert a central role in establishing and maintaining literary canons and project new or distinct images of works and authors, according to the poetological and ideological conceptions of the actors responsible for the publications (rewriters, preface writers, editors). Therefore, a proposal is made for the adoption of an approach for research in literary studies that takes account of the centrality of the rewriting factor, in analyses of foreign works in target literary systems. As seen in the case of Perrault in Brazil, the most recent rewritings, which differ significantly in literary terms from the older rewritings, project new images of the work and the writer, making new readings possible for a contemporary readership.

This PhD comprises a work of fiction and a dissertation, both of which explore childhood, children and parenthood. The Imagined Child, the novel, closely examines the nature of parenthood, the expectations inherent in the parent-child relationship, and the responsibilities that society imposes on parents. It explores the strains of guilt and blame that surround all primary relationships: every child is damaged in some way – through nature and nurture. How they deal with that damage determines the kinds of adults – and ultimately the kinds of parents – they become. The dissertation approaches childhood as a literary device. It explores the ways in which four novelists from different historical periods have characterised and thematised childhood. It presents ‘childhood’ as a social construct and considers the ways in which childhood and parenting have changed in recent, Western history. It then focuses on the research into and literary representations of children in Africa to explore the versions of childhood inherited by African, and particularly South African, children and how this differs from American or European models. Textual analysis was employed to examine the representation of childhood in four texts: Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield (1850), L.P. Hartley’s The Go-Between (1953), Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), and Michiel Heyns’s The Children’s Day (2002). An examination of research and literature shows a very different trajectory for childhood in Africa than in Europe, and reveals that childhood on the continent has never been consistent, in life or literature. There is, in other words, no universal “African childhood”. The literary children of South Africa are examined not only to show how differently childhood is experienced in diverse segments of society, but also to measure the temperature of the times. The differing versions of literary childhood, and their varying treatments, provide a gauge for the zeitgeist in South African society from the 1990s. The dissertation argues that an examination of literary children provides insight into the development of a new democracy. The dissertation and the novel, taken together, suggest that through the real and imagined children of literature can be gained a sense of ourselves.