Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-12T18:07:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Paula Cardoso de Almeida Silva.pdf: 463902 bytes, checksum: 375c57bac0b880fd3baf2320ee7abb93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T18:07:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Paula Cardoso de Almeida Silva.pdf: 463902 bytes, checksum: 375c57bac0b880fd3baf2320ee7abb93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Embryo transfer (ET) is one of the most prominent techniques in the expansion of horse breeding, enabling the production of more products of a single mare per year, thus increasing the number of animals with high genetic value. The hormonal control of ovulation can be used as a tool to optimize the reproductive parameters and reduce the costs in an ET program. This study compared the effectiveness of lower doses than those traditionally used of Deslorelin and hCG, evaluating the time between ovulation and induction, the recovery rates and embryo attachment. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Reproduction and Evaluation of UFRRJ. We conducted follow-up of 85 estrous cycles of Breton Postier and Mangalarga Marchador mares, when the mares presenting an ovarian follicle ? 35 mm, they were divided randomly into one of three treatments: G1 (n = 32) - treatment with 1000 IU (1.0 ml iv) of hCG (Chorulon ? - Intervet Schering-Plough Animal Health), G2 (n = 28) - treatment with 0.75 mg (0.75 ml iv) Deslorelin (Botupharma) and G3 (n = 28) - Treatment with 1.0 ml saline iv. Twenty four hours after application, ultrasound evaluation of ovarian was held every six hours up to ovulation. The donors were inseminated the day after induction and embryo collection took place in nine days after ovulation. The recovered embryos were immediately transferred to recipients previously synchronized, these pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 15 and 30 days old embryo. Data regarding the time between ovulation and induction and characteristics of follicular development were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the averages of these data were analyzed when needed by the Tukey test. The data regarding the percentage of mares ovulated in different periods, were analyzed using the Qui-quadrado (?2) 5%. In the case of embryo recovery rate, the data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test, however in relation to pregnancy rate was not possible to perform statistical analysis due to low sample size. The percentage of ovulation in up to 36 hours for G1, G2 and G3 were 34.4%, 13.3% and 8.7%, between 36 and 42 hours were 62.5%, 56.7% and 8.7%, from 42 to 48 hours were 0%, 20% and 13%, more than 48 hours were 3.1%, 10% and 69.6% respectively. Having thus a significant difference between treated and control groups (p <0.05). The embryo recovery rate was 75% (6/8) in G1 and G2, and 44.4% (4/9) in group G3, there was no significant difference between groups (p> 0.05). The rate of pregnancy at fifteen days old embryo was 69.2% (9/13). Thus the lower doses commonly used with inducing agents in question, were effective in promoting ovulation within 48 hours, but the use of these didn't result in significant improvement in the rates of embryo recovery. / A transfer?ncia de embri?es (TE) ? uma das t?cnicas de maior destaque na expans?o da equideocultura, possibilitando a produ??o de maior n?mero de produtos de uma mesma ?gua por ano, aumentando assim o n?mero de animais com alto valor gen?tico. O controle hormonal do momento da ovula??o pode ser usado como uma ferramenta para otimizar os par?metros reprodutivos e reduzir os custos em um programa de TE. O presente estudo comparou a efici?ncia de doses mais baixas do que as tradicionalmente utilizadas de hCG e Deslorelina avaliando o tempo entre a indu??o e a ovula??o, as taxas de recupera??o e fixa??o embrion?ria. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Reprodu??o e Avalia??o Animal da UFRRJ. Foi realizado o acompanhamento de 85 ciclos estrais de ?guas da ra?a Bret?o Postier e Mangalarga Marchador, onde as ?guas ao apresentarem um fol?culo ovariano ? 35 mm foram divididas de maneira aleat?ria em um dos tr?s tratamentos: G1 (n = 32) ? tratamento com 1000 UI (1,0 ml i.v.) de hCG (Chorulon? - Intervet Schering-Plough Animal Health), G2 (n = 30) ? tratamento com 0,75 mg (0,75ml i.v.) de Deslorelina (Botupharma) e G3 (n=23) ? tratamento com 1,0 ml i.v. de solu??o salina. Vinte quatro horas ap?s a aplica??o, a avalia??o ultrassonogr?fica dos ov?rios passou a ser realizada a cada seis horas at? a detec??o da ovula??o. As ?guas doadoras foram inseminadas no dia seguinte a indu??o e as coletas de embri?o aconteceram no dia 9 ap?s a ovula??o. Os embri?es recuperados foram imediatamente transferidos para receptoras previamente sincronizadas, sendo o diagn?stico de gesta??o realizado aos 15 e 30 dias de idade embrionaria. Os dados referentes ao tempo entre indu??o e ovula??o e caracter?sticas do desenvolvimento folicular, foram analisados pelo m?todo de An?lise de Vari?ncia (ANOVA), sendo as m?dias desses dados analisadas quando necess?rio pelo teste de Tukey. Os dados referentes ao percentual de ?guas ovuladas em diferentes per?odos, foram analisados atrav?s do Qui-quadrado (?2) 5%. Em se tratando da taxa de recupera??o embrion?ria, os dados foram analisados atrav?s do teste Exato de Fisher, j? em rela??o a taxa de gesta??o n?o foi poss?vel realizar an?lise estat?stica devido ao baixo n?mero amostral. Os percentuais de ovula??o em at? 36 horas nos grupos G1, G2 e G3, foram 34,4 %, 13,3% e 8,7%, entre 36 e 42 horas, 62,5%, 56,7% e 8,7%, entre 42 e 48 horas, 0%, 20% e 13%, acima de 48 horas 3,1%, 10% e 69,6%, respectivamente. Havendo dessa maneira diferen?a significativa entre os grupos tratados e o controle (p < 0,05). A taxa de recupera??o embrion?ria foi de 75% (6/8) nos grupos G1 e G2 e 44,4% (4/9) no grupo G3; n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os grupos (p > 0,05). J? a taxa de gesta??o aos quinze dias de idade embrion?ria foi de 69,2% (9/13). Deste modo as doses inferiores ?s comumente utilizadas, dos agentes indutores em quest?o, foram eficientes em promover a ovula??o em at? 48 horas, mas o uso destes, n?o resultou em melhora significativa nos ?ndices de recupera??o embrion?ria

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-14T14:46:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jurema Schinz Diniz.pdf: 1784426 bytes, checksum: ef765e40d98144beee9ab74d12aff5f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T14:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jurema Schinz Diniz.pdf: 1784426 bytes, checksum: ef765e40d98144beee9ab74d12aff5f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study contributes to understanding the relationship between tropical dry forests regeneration and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity. The specific objective of this study is to extract and quantify glomalin, glomerospores and humic substances in different sucessional stages of a dry forest. The main objective is to study the activity of AMFs in different stages of a dry forest and to colabore to the projects: ?Functional links between aboveground changes and belowground activity with land use in the Americas: Soil biodiversity and food security? e ?Human, Ecological and Biophysical Dimensions of Tropical Dry Forest?. Total Glomalin (TG) and carbon levels were higher in inicial and late stage of dry forest, indicating the carbon storage contribution to glomalin in soil. In addition, the higher number of glomerospores in this sucessional stage shows the more activity of AMF and its potential to regeneration of disturbed dry forests. The different chemical and physical properties of soil in intermediate stage possibly contributed to low glomalin and carbon levels. The higher levels of humic substances in this stage possibly contribute to the lower activity of AMF and can be explained by the higher diversity of plants in this area. It is important to study the influence of physical and chemical properties, humic substances and plant diversity in AMF activity, in different sucessional stages of dry forests. / Este trabalho contribui para o entendimento da rela??o da regenera??o de florestas tropicais secas, com a atividade dos fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMAs). Tem como objetivos espec?ficos: a extra??o e a quantifica??o de glomalina, de glomerosporos e de subst?ncias h?micas em diferentes sucess?es de floresta seca. O objetivo ? avaliar a atividade dos FMAs em diferentes est?gios sucessionais de floresta seca, acrescentando e colaborando assim para o desenvolvimento dos projetos: ?Functional links between aboveground changes and belowground activity with land use in the Americas: Soil biodiversity and food security? e ?Human, Ecological and Biophysical Dimensions of Tropical Dry Forest?. Os teores de glomalina total e de carbono org?nico foram maiores na ?rea de sucess?o inicial e tardia de floresta seca, indicando maior influ?ncia do estoque de carbono na glomalina do solo. O maior n?mero de esporos e glomalina, na ?rea de sucess?o inicial, mostrou a maior atividade dos fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares em ?rea perturbada que est? se regenerando, sugerindo a contribui??o dos FMAs para essa recupera??o do ecossistema de florestas secas. As propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas diferentes do solo na ?rea de sucess?o intermedi?ria provavelmente contribu?ram para a baixa concentra??o de glomalina e carbono. Os maiores teores de ?cidos h?micos e f?lvicos no solo de sucess?o intermedi?ria podem ter contribu?do tamb?m para a baixa atividade dos FMAs e podem ser devidos ? maior diversidade de esp?cies vegetais nesta ?rea. ? importante desenvolver estudos que comparem as propriedades qu?micas e f?sicas do solo com a atividade desses microorganismos simbiontes em diferentes sucess?es vegetais; que analisem a influ?ncia das subst?ncias h?micas na atividade dos FMAs em campo; e da influ?ncia da diversidade de esp?cies vegetais na atividade dos FMAs.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-14T17:14:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Luciano Leal Almeida.pdf: 2598281 bytes, checksum: 2fe84ba8e726ee2f69a7298e38ef73e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T17:14:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Luciano Leal Almeida.pdf: 2598281 bytes, checksum: 2fe84ba8e726ee2f69a7298e38ef73e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research sought to understand the diversity of processes involving the creation and performance of the CAT program the region of Marab?. This program was founded in 1988 from a partnership between researchers working at the Federal University of Par?, foreign researchers, a group of union members and partner organizations. The program is structured in four main entities: the Agricultural Foundation of Tocantins-Araguaia (FATA), the Laboratory of Socio-Agronomic Tocantins (LASAT), Cooperativa Campesina of Araguaia-Tocantins (COCAT) and the Family Farm School (EFA). Had as an objective to stabilize the family farms, improve the management of natural resources, especially forest, and consolidate the rural workers? unions as key player in the struggle for land and rights. Assuming that relations mediation create links that can involve ambivalent relations of domination, and emphasized the importance of social e political mediators, we can say that the different actors involved in this social space, considered as a field of forces and as a field struggles, faced with different means and ends according to their position in the field structure, thus contributing to the conservation or transformation of the direction of the CAT program. The breakdown of the program took place early twenty-first century, within a context of regional changes and disputes within the union movement of rural workers. / Esta pesquisa procurou compreender a diversidade de processos que envolveram a cria??o e a atua??o do Programa CAT na regi?o de Marab?. Este Programa foi fundado em 1988 a partir de uma parceria entre pesquisadores ligados ? Universidade Federal do Par?, pesquisadores estrangeiros, um grupo de sindicalistas e entidades parceiras. O Programa se estruturou em quatro entidades principais: a Funda??o Agr?ria do Tocantins-Araguaia (FATA), o Laborat?rio S?cio-Agron?mico do Tocantins (LASAT), a Cooperativa Camponesa do Araguaia-Tocantins (COCAT) e a Escola Fam?lia Agr?cola (EFA). Teve como um dos objetivos permitir a estabiliza??o da agricultura familiar, melhorar a gest?o dos recursos naturais, principalmente florestais, e consolidar os sindicatos de trabalhadores rurais como ator fundamental na luta por terra e por direitos. Partindo do princ?pio de que as rela??es de media??o criam v?nculos ambivalentes que podem envolver rela??es de domina??o e valorizando a presen?a de mediadores sociais e pol?ticos, podemos afirmar que os diferentes agentes envolvidos nesse espa?o social, considerado como um campo de for?as e como um campo de lutas, se enfrentaram com meios e fins diferenciados conforme sua posi??o na estrutura do campo, contribuindo assim para a conserva??o ou a transforma??o dos rumos do Programa CAT. A desestrutura??o do Programa se deu no in?cio do s?culo XXI, dentro de um contexto de mudan?as regionais e de disputas dentro do movimento sindical de trabalhadores rurais.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-16T12:15:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Patricia Nascimento da Silva.pdf: 1251603 bytes, checksum: 246740e9bb7d9855aa6dc79e547464fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T12:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Patricia Nascimento da Silva.pdf: 1251603 bytes, checksum: 246740e9bb7d9855aa6dc79e547464fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-21 / Based on practical experience observed on the second classes of the Integrated Agricultural Technical High School Course in IFRS ? Campus Sert?o, it was concluded that the existing teaching practices are not in fact integrated. So, the used approach was inter and transdiscip-linary studies of Habermas? communicative action. It was realized that the internet would be a potential tool of dialogue spaces. Technological concepts, technologies in education as an a interdisciplinary space and the internet as a act-communication tool were studied. Questio-naires were applied to groups of teachers and students. Considering the obtained results, it was made a campus technological map. Based on this map it was realized that computers and internet access were available 24 hours per day. The surveyed groups know and use this tools, but desconsider them as a teaching resource. The results also demonstrate the teachers and students involvement degree with the several technological tools. Based on obtained data it was suggested a methodological proposal for the Integrated Agricultural Technical High School Course. This proposal consists in a inter/transdisciplinary teaching that involves cross cutting themes, using the internet as a dialogue facilitator tool, the communicative action as a basis philosophical discussion and consensus and technological concepts / Tomando como par?metro uma experi?ncia pr?tica realizada com turmas de segunda s?rie do curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria Integrado ao Ensino M?dio, no IFRS ? Campus Sert?o, percebeu-se que a pr?tica pedag?gica existente no referido curso n?o se efetiva de fato como integrada. Assim partiu-se para estudos sobre inter e transdisciplinaridade, o agir comunicativo de Habermas e percebeu-se que a internet seria uma ferramenta potencializadora de espa?os de di?logos. Estudou-se conceitos de tecnologia, inform?tica na educa??o como espa?o interdisciplinar, e a internet como ferramenta do agir comunicativo. A partir de question?rios distintos aplicados ao grupo de professores e alunos tra?ou-se um mapa tecnol?gico do campus, verificando que existem computadores e internet dispon?veis 24 horas por dia; verificou-se que os grupos pesquisados, alunos e professores, conhecem e fazem uso desses recursos, por?m sem utiliza??o como recurso did?tico e verificou-se o n?vel de envol-vimento de professores e alunos com as v?rias ferramentas tecnol?gicas. A partir dos dados levantados foi sugerida uma proposta metodol?gica que traz para o curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria Integrado ao Ensino M?dio a oportunidade de fazer um ensino inter/transdisciplinar que envolve temas transversais, uso da internet como ferramenta facilitadora de di?logo, o agir comunicativo como base filos?fica de discuss?o e consenso e conceitos de tecnologia.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-19T11:49:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Michel Jos? Sales A. Helayel.pdf: 11350186 bytes, checksum: ab1a4bf6f150ee6e971e58207f995bff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T11:49:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Michel Jos? Sales A. Helayel.pdf: 11350186 bytes, checksum: ab1a4bf6f150ee6e971e58207f995bff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of acetamid in experimental poisoning by Pseudocalymma elegans in sheep, goats and rabbits, in order to prove indirectly that monofluoroacetate (MF) is responsible for the clinical signs and death of animals that ingested the plant. Experiments were performed to determine for sheep and goats the lethal dose of P. elegans collected in Rio Bonito, RJ, in different seasons, and to adjust the dose of acetamid to be administered. In the first experiment, four animals received 1.0g/kg of fresh P. elegans, and two others were pretreated with 2.0g/kg of acetamid. None of the animals showed clinical signs or died. Possibly, the plant could be less toxic, since it was collected at the end of the rainy season. In the second experiment, two sheep and two goats received 0.67 and 1.0g/kg of the dried plant, after pretreatment with 2.0 and 3.0g/kg of acetamid, respectively. All animals died, as the administered doses of P. elegans were very high. In the third experiment, two sheep and two goats received 0.333g/kg of dried P. elegans after previous administration of 2.0g/kg of acetamid; a week later, the protocol above was repeated, but without the antidote. In experiments with rabbits, doses of 0.5 and 1.0g/kg of dried P. elegans were given after administration of 3.0g/kg of acetamid; seven days later, the same protocol was repeated, except the administration of acetamide. This procedure, when acetamid was administered before, prevented the appearance of clinical signs and death of sheep, goats and rabbits. But the animals not treated with acetamid showed symptoms of poisoning and died. Clinically, the sheep and goats had tachycardia, engorged jugular vein, positive venous pulse, lateral recumbence, and muscle tremors. In the "dramatic phase?, the animals fell into lateral position, stretched the limbs, were paddling and died within minutes. The rabbits showed apathy, muscle tremors, vocalization and lateral decumbence minutes before death. At postmortem examination, the sheep and goats had engorged jugular veins and atria, dilated Vena cava cranialis and caudalis, as well as pulmonary edema, hepatic congestion and edema of the gallbladder subserosa. In rabbits, the main macroscopic alterations were dilated atria, engorged Vena cava cranialis and caudalis, and congested liver and diaphragm vessels. Histopathology revealed, in two sheep and one goat, vacuolar-hydropic degeneration of the distal convoluted kidney tubules, together with caryopicnosis. In the rabbits, the liver showed severe congestion with numerous shock corpuscles. The experimental results show indirectly that MF is to be held responsible for death of the animals that ingested P. elegans; since "acetate donor" compounds, such as acetamid, are capable to reduce the competitive inhibition of MF for the same active site (Coenzyme A) which prevents the formation of fluorocitrate, its active metabolite, formed in the body through the socalled "lethal synthesis". / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito protetor da acetamida nas intoxica??es experimentais por Pseudocalymma elegans (Bignoniaceae) em ovinos, caprinos e coelhos, com a finalidade de comprovar indiretamente que o monofluoroacetato ? respons?vel pela sintomatologia e morte dos animais que ingerem essa planta. Foram realizados experimentos para determinar a dose letal da planta coletada em Rio Bonito, RJ, em diferentes ?pocas do ano para ovinos e caprinos e ajustar a dose de acetamida a ser administrada. No primeiro experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam 1,0 g/kg de P. elegans fresca e um animal de cada esp?cie foi tratado previamente com 2,0 g/kg de acetamida. Nenhum animal apresentou altera??es cl?nicas ou morreu. Ao que tudo indica a planta poderia estar menos t?xica, j? que foi coletada no fim da esta??o das ?guas. No segundo experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam 0,67 e 1,0 g/kg da planta dessecada, ap?s tratamento pr?vio, com 2,0 e 3,0 g/kg de acetamida, respectivamente. Todos os animais morreram, pois administramos doses muito altas de P. elegans. No terceiro experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam, 0,333 g/kg de P. elegans dessecada, ap?s administra??o pr?via de 2,0 g/kg de acetamida. Uma semana depois, o protocolo acima foi repetido, por?m sem o ant?doto. Nos experimentos com coelhos, foram administradas doses de 0,5 e 1,0 g/kg de P. elegans dessecada ap?s a administra??o de 3,0 g/kg de acetamida. Sete dias depois, o mesmo protocolo foi repetido, com exce??o da administra??o de acetamida. Esta, quando administrada previamente, evitou o aparecimento dos sinais cl?nicos e a morte dos ovinos, caprinos e coelhos, j? os animais n?o tratados com acetamida apresentaram sintomatologia e morreram. Clinicamente, os ovinos e caprinos manifestaram taquicardia, jugulares ingurgitadas, pulso venoso positivo, dec?bito esternal e tremores musculares. Na ?fase dram?tica?, os animais ca?am em dec?bito lateral, esticavam os membros, faziam movimentos de pedalagem e morriam em poucos minutos. Nos coelhos observaram-se apatia, tremores musculares, dec?bito lateral e vocaliza??o minutos antes da morte. A avalia??o macrosc?pica revelou, nos ovinos e caprinos, jugulares ingurgitadas, aur?culas, veia cava caudal e cranial dilatadas, al?m de edema pulmonar, congest?o hep?tica e edema na subserosa da ves?cula biliar. Nos coelhos as principais altera??es observadas foram aur?culas dilatadas, veia cava caudal e cranial ingurgitadas, f?gado e vasos do diafragma congestos. O exame histopatol?gico revelou, em dois ovinos e um caprino, degenera??o hidr?pico-vacuolar dos t?bulos urin?feros contornados distais associada ? cariopicnose. Nos coelhos havia congest?o hep?tica acentuada com numerosos corp?sculos de choque. Nossos resultados comprovam, de forma indireta, que o MF ? respons?vel pela morte dos animais que ingerem essa planta, uma vez que compostos ?doadores de acetato? como a acetamida, s?o capazes de reduzir a inibi??o competitiva do MF pelo mesmo s?tio ativo (Coenzima A), o que impede a forma??o do fluorocitrato, seu metab?lito ativo, formado no organismo por meio da denominada ?s?ntese letal?.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T14:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - NAIARA DE MIRANDA BENTO RODRIGUES.pdf: 1508318 bytes, checksum: bbf2aebb5d43033339bf559d73461919 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T14:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - NAIARA DE MIRANDA BENTO RODRIGUES.pdf: 1508318 bytes, checksum: bbf2aebb5d43033339bf559d73461919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Mastitis adversely affects milk production and in general cows do not regain their full production levels post recovery, leading to considerable economic losses. Moreover the percentage decrease in milk production depends on the specific pathogen that caused the infection and enterobacteria are responsible for this greater reduction. These microorganisms are preferentially found in the habitat of animals in places contaminated with feces, urine, clay and also organic beds. Phenotypic tests are among the currently available methods used worldwide to identify enterobacteria; however they tend to misdiagnose the species despite the multiple tests carried out and they can delay the antibiotic therapy by clinic veterinary. On the other hand the MALDI-TOF MS technique has been attracting attention for its precise identification of several microorganisms at species level. In the current study, 183 enterobacteria were detected in milk (n=47) and fecal samples (n=94) collected from cows; also water (n=23) and milk line samples (n=19) collected from a farm in Rio de Janeiro with the purpose to present the MALDI-TOF MS technique as efficient methodology and also as a ?gold standard? to better understand the possible current biochemical errors in enterobacteria identification considering isolates from bovine environments. This proteomic technique confirmed 92.9% (170/183) of the enterobacteria species identified by biochemical tests that showed high sensitivity (> 81%) and specificity (> 89%). The gyrB sequencing was made in eigth from thirteen misidentified enterobacteria and confirmed 100% the MALDI-TOF results, so the proteomic technique was used as a ?gold standard? for this study. The amino acid decarboxylation test made the most misidentifications and Enterobacter spp was the largest misidentified genus (76.9%, 10/13). E.coli was prevalent (83%, 152/183) in all samples and the bovine milk presented the most enterobacteria diversity. The Salmonella sp wasn?t detected in feces bovine samples and all water samples from different points in the farm presented unacceptable microbiological standards. Was identified enterobacteria in milkers hands and nasal cavity also in the milking machines used on the property. These results aim to contribute significantly to the characterization of the Enterobacteriaceae as well in understanding of its spread in dairy production environment , assisting in need diagnostic of possible agents involved in bovine mastitis as well as to implement properly targeted prophylactic measures. / A mastite bovina afeta negativamente a produ??o de leite dificultando a recupera??o dos n?veis de produ??o total das propriedades leiteiras, levando a perdas econ?micas consider?veis. Esta redu??o no percentual da produ??o de leite pode estar associada ao agente patog?nico espec?fico que causou a infec??o, sendo as enterobact?rias frequentemente respons?veis pela mastite ambiental. Estes microrganismos s?o preferencialmente encontrados no habitat normal dos animais como locais que apresentam esterco, urina, barro e camas org?nicas. Os testes fenot?picos est?o entre os m?todos dispon?veis atualmente utilizados para identificar as enterobact?rias; no entanto, eles podem ocasionalmente identitificar erroneamente algumas esp?cies apesar dos m?ltiplos ensaios realizados. Al?m disso, a demora na sua execu??o pode tardar a antibioticoterapia realizada em campo. Por outro lado, a t?cnica de MALDI-TOF MS tem atra?do a aten??o pela sua identifica??o precisa dos v?rios microorganismos em n?vel de esp?cie. No presente estudo, um total de 183 enterobact?rias foram isoladas a partir de amostras de leite (n=47) e fezes colhidas de vacas em lacta??o (n=94); amostras de ?gua (n=23) e na linha de ordenha (n=19) em uma propriedade situada no Rio de Janeiro. A proposta foi utilizar a t?cnica de MALDI-TOF MS como um m?todo eficaz de identifica??o bacteriana de enterobact?rias e descrever a permanencia destes microrganismos no ambiente de produ??o leiteira. A t?cnica prote?mica confirmou 92,9% (170/183) das esp?cies de enterobact?rias identificadas pelos testes bioqu?micos convencionais. O sequenciamento do gene gyrB, realizado em oito das 13 enterobact?rias que apresentaram identifica??o discordante, confirmou em 100% o resultado da t?cnica prote?mica, que foi utilizada como metodologia de refer?ncia no presente estudo. O g?nero Enterobacter foi o mais discordante pelo m?todo bioqu?mico (76,9%, 9/13). A E.coli foi a esp?cie predominante (83%, 152/183) em todas as amostras avaliadas, sendo que o leite bovino apresentou maior diversidade de enterobact?rias. N?o foi detectada a presen?a de Salmonella spp. nas amostras de fezes bovinas e todas as amostras de ?gua dos diferentes pontos de coleta da propriedade apresentaram padr?es microbiol?gicos inaceit?veis. Foram isoladas enterobact?rias das m?os e cavidades nasal dos ordenhadores, bem como nas ordenhadeiras mec?nicas utilizadas na propriedade. Estes dados visam contribuir de forma significativa para a caracteriza??o das enterobacterias bem como para a compreens?o e sua descri??o no ambiente de produ??o leiteira, auxiliando no diagn?stico preciso dos poss?veis agentes envolvidos na mastite bovina bem como na implementa??o de medidas profil?ticas devidamente direcionadas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T14:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Rodrigo Alves de Melo.pdf: 647767 bytes, checksum: 56dbf52b2dc0c6c7d87ccf57e757a793 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T14:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Rodrigo Alves de Melo.pdf: 647767 bytes, checksum: 56dbf52b2dc0c6c7d87ccf57e757a793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-21 / This dissertation studies the performance of brazilian mutual funds stock portfolios classified as ?multimercado macro? from april, 2005 to march, 2010 by a multicriteria manner. The research aims to evaluate: (i) the success of market timing and stock picking strategies; (ii) the performance persistence taking into account macroeconomic various periods and (iii) if persistence depends on the time period analyzed, the performance indicator used or other variables such as size, client kind or investment profile. Therefore, were calculated the risk measures beta and standard deviation, the performance measures average return and cumulative return and the stock picking measure Fama?s decomposition for six months, one year and two years and six months periods and the stock picking measure Jensen's alpha and the market timing measure proposed by Treynor and Mazuy for two years and six months periods. The statistical tools used to verify the influence of control variables on performance and whether there is an association between the results were the Mann-Whitney?s test and Spearman?s correlation coefficient. The sample exhibits survivorship bias since it includes only the mutual funds that were actives throughout the studied period. Most studied portfolios failed to outperform the market by using stock picking and market timing strategies. Significant influences of the control variables size and investment profile were found, but only concerning the market timing measure. In the performance persistence analysis, only the systematic risk beta showed persistent evidences throughout the studied period, since the managers couldn?t keep the total risk under control during the financial crisis. In general, the portfolios have been unable to persist in any of the performance indicators, except for the unauthorized-operating-leveraged portfolio group, which showed persistence in average and cumulative returns and in selectivity indicator Fama?s decomposition, but only in long-term. Finally, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) enabled the creation of a portfolios? efficiency ranking taking into account its cumulative returns and systematic and total risks and only one portfolio showed maximum efficiency for the studied period. / Esta disserta??o estuda o desempenho das carteiras de a??es dos fundos de investimento da categoria multimercado macro no Brasil no per?odo de abril de 2005 a mar?o de 2010 de forma multicriterial. O estudo busca avaliar: (i) o sucesso dos gestores em estrat?gias de market timing e stock picking; (ii) a persist?ncia de performance levando em considera??o per?odos macroecon?micos diversos e (iii) se a persist?ncia depende do per?odo de tempo analisado, do indicador de performance utilizado ou de outras vari?veis, como tamanho, p?blico-alvo ou perfil de investimento. Para tal foram calculadas as medidas de risco beta e desvio-padr?o, as medidas de desempenho retorno m?dio e retorno acumulado e a medida de seletividade decomposi??o de Fama para os per?odos de seis meses, um ano e dois anos e seis meses e as medidas de seletividade alpha de Jensen e de market timing proposta por Treynor e Mazuy para per?odos de dois anos e seis meses. Os instrumentos estat?sticos utilizados para verificar a influ?ncia das vari?veis de controle no desempenho e a exist?ncia ou n?o de associa??o entre os resultados foram o teste de Mann-Whitney e o coeficiente de correla??o de Spearman. A amostra apresenta vi?s de sobreviv?ncia pois compreende apenas os fundos que estiveram ativos durante todo o per?odo estudado. a maioria das carteiras de a??es estudadas n?o conseguiu superar o mercado atrav?s da utiliza??o de estrat?gias de stock picking e market timing. Foram verificadas influ?ncias significativas das vari?veis de controle tamanho e perfil de risco, mas apenas em rela??o ? medida de market timing. Na an?lise de persist?ncia de performance, somente o risco sistem?tico beta apresentou evid?ncias de persist?ncia durante todo o per?odo estudado, uma vez que os gestores n?o conseguiram manter o risco total sob controle durante a crise financeira. De um modo geral, os portf?lios n?o conseguiram apresentar persist?ncia de performance em nenhum dos indicadores de desempenho, com exce??o do grupo de portf?lios n?o autorizados a operarem alavancados, o qual apresentou persist?ncia somente no longo prazo para os indicadores de retornos m?dio e acumulado e de seletividade decomposi??o de Fama. Finalmente a t?cnica DEA (An?lise Envolt?ria de Dados) possibilitou a composi??o de um ranking da efici?ncia das carteiras levando-se em considera??o o retorno acumulado, o risco sistem?tico e o risco total das mesmas e somente uma delas apresentou m?xima efici?ncia para o per?odo estudado.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T16:57:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Raphael Rossi Rodrigues.pdf: 1927039 bytes, checksum: d62f71cc9d072958cd804d56ebe97f8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T16:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Raphael Rossi Rodrigues.pdf: 1927039 bytes, checksum: d62f71cc9d072958cd804d56ebe97f8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / This survey was conducted in a multinational company that operates in the sector of nondurable consumer goods in the international context through the licensing of its brands. Companies that have the right to produce and distribute licensed products are named bottlers. The aim of this study was to measure 13 bottlers in the level of development of logistics Customer Service activities for Key Accounts clients, for it was developed a diagnostic tool based on the available literature on the subject. This diagnostic tool was used in three rounds of assessment in order to check the evolution of the bottlers maturity level of logistics Customer Service activities. They also identified and discussed a series of logistic activities of Customer Service based on a visit in a multinational food industry considered benchmarking in these activities. The diagnostic results show that there was an evolution of the maturity level of logistics Customer Service activities over time, however this trend was not uniform, resulting in a higher variance when comparing the levels of development of all bottlers in the first assessment with the levels obtained in the third and final evaluation. / Esta pesquisa foi realizada em uma empresa multinacional que atua no setor de bens de consumo n?o dur?veis no contexto internacional atrav?s do licenciamento de suas marcas. As empresas que possuem o direito de produzir e distribuir os produtos licenciados s?o denominados fabricantes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mensurar em 13 fabricantes o n?vel de desenvolvimento das atividades de Customer Service log?stico para clientes-chave, para isso foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de diagn?stico com base na literatura dispon?vel sobre o tema. Esta ferramenta de diagn?stico foi utilizada em tr?s rodadas de avalia??o com o objetivo de verificar a evolu??o do n?vel de maturidade das atividades de Customer Service Log?stico nos fabricantes. Tamb?m foi identificada e comentada uma s?rie de atividades de Customer Service log?stico com base em uma visita realizada em uma multinacional do setor de alimentos considerada benchmarking nestas atividades. Os resultados do diagn?stico mostram que houve uma evolu??o do n?vel de maturidade das atividades de Customer Service log?stico ao longo do tempo, entretanto esta evolu??o n?o foi uniforme, o que resultou em uma maior vari?ncia quando comparamos os n?veis de desenvolvimento de todos os fabricantes na primeira avalia??o com os n?veis obtidos na terceira e ?ltima avalia??o.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T17:28:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Rafael Fiusa de Morais.pdf: 2514223 bytes, checksum: 6bd78eb142e0fe1523bf328776a84494 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T17:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Rafael Fiusa de Morais.pdf: 2514223 bytes, checksum: 6bd78eb142e0fe1523bf328776a84494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Elephant grass is highly efficient in dry matter accumulation and has suitable quality parameters for energy production. The use of elephant-grass biomass depends on the energy balance and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with management practices used for biomass for energy production. Generally, the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation serves less than half the crop N demand, it is necessary to replace the N removed from the soil. N fertilization is usually recommended, however the impact on N2O emissions to atmosphere is unknown. The aim of this study was to carry out studies to measure N fertilizer losses in the form of ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated since it is related to indirect N2O emissions. The effects of nitrogen doses, sources and application forms were studied, to identify the best pathway to provide nitrogen for the crop, with less impact on N2O emissions. The N2O emissions resulting from the soil tillage and four urea fertilizer doses (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1) were evaluated. Different nitrogen fertilizer sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and urea application forms (incorporated or surface) compared with ammonium sulfate, respectively, and green manure were evaluated, compared to application of urea and polymer-coated urea, to evaluate the nitrogen efficiency by the plants and soil N2O emissions. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization is essential to reach high biomass yield of elephant grass. N2O emissions were higher with urea application than with ammonium sulfate, with no effect on the quantity of urea incorporated. The use of green manure resulted in higher N2O emissions compared to urea. The NH3 volatilization losses ranged from 40 to 60% when urea was applied and 11% with the application of ammonium sulfate. The NH3 volatilization losses were 35% lower when urea was incorporated, resulting in higher elephant grass biomass yield. The polymercoated urea resulted in a decrease of 6% in the NH3 volatilization losses. Nitrogen fertilizer is essential to reach high elephant grass biomass yield, and the environmental impact caused by this practice may be reduced by changing the source and form of the fertilizer application. / O capim-elefante est? entre as gram?neas de maior capacidade de acumula??o de mat?ria seca, possuindo tamb?m caracter?sticas qualitativas favor?veis para a produ??o de energia. A sustentabilidade de seu uso depende basicamente de seu balan?o energ?tico e da quantidade de gases de efeito estufa decorrentes das pr?ticas de manejo, do cultivo e do uso de sua biomassa. Geralmente, a contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio atende a menos do que metade da demanda de N da cultura, sendo necess?rio repor o N retirado do sistema. O uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados ? a op??o mais recomendada, por?m n?o se sabe o impacto quanto as emiss?es de N2O para a atmosfera. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi realizar experimentos que permitissem medir as perdas de N de fertilizantes na forma de volatiliza??o de am?nia e emiss?o de N2O. A volatiliza??o de am?nia foi avaliada por estar relacionada as emiss?es de N2O indiretas. Tamb?m se estudaram os efeitos de doses, fontes e formas de aplica??o de N, visando identificar a melhor forma de fornecer nitrog?nio para a cultura, com menor impacto nas emiss?es de N2O. Foram avaliadas as emiss?es de N2O decorrentes da etapa de preparo do solo e da aplica??o de quatro doses de nitrog?nio fertilizante na forma de ureia (40, 80, 120 e 160 kg de N ha-1). Foram avaliadas diferentes fontes de N fertilizante (ureia e sulfato de am?nio) e formas de aplica??o da ureia (incorporada ou a lan?o) em compara??o com sulfato de am?nio, respectivamente, e aduba??o verde, em compara??o a aplica??o de ureia comum e revestida com pol?meros, sobre a efici?ncia do uso do N pelas plantas e sobre as emiss?es de N2O do solo. Os resultados mostraram que a aduba??o nitrogenada ? essencial para alcan?ar elevadas produtividades de biomassa em capimelefante. As emiss?es de N2O foram maiores com a utiliza??o da ureia do que com a utiliza??o do sulfato de am?nio, n?o havendo efeito da incorpora??o da ureia. A utiliza??o da aduba??o verde acarretou em maiores emiss?es de N2O quando comparada a ureia. As perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3 variaram entre 40 a 60% do N aplicado na forma de ureia, e de 11% quando se utilizou sulfato de am?nio. As perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3 foram 35% menores quando a ureia foi enterrada, o que acarretou maiores ganhos de produtividade pelo capimelefante. A ureia revestida com pol?meros acarretou em diminui??o de 6 % das perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3. A utiliza??o do fertilizante nitrogenado ? essencial para alcan?ar elevadas produtividades de biomassa do capim-elefante, e o impacto ambiental causado por essa pr?tica pode ser reduzido em fun??o da fonte e da forma de aplica??o do fertilizante.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-21T13:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Alessandro de Paula Silva.pdf: 1644637 bytes, checksum: 98c00f3218ccb86b94b9b0975a7dd573 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T13:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Alessandro de Paula Silva.pdf: 1644637 bytes, checksum: 98c00f3218ccb86b94b9b0975a7dd573 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the position along a toposequence and hillslope form on chemical and physical-hydric soil properties, and their relationship with the natural regeneration of vegetation in areas of abandoned pastures. A total of eight areas in the municipality of Itabora? - Rio de Janeiro State were evaluated. In the shoulder, backslope and footslope positions of the relief toposequence concave and convex slope shapes were identified. Two experimental plots (10 x 20 m) were installed in each section of the toposequence, one for each slope shape, and evaluations related to soil and vegetation type were proceeded. Chemistry and physical-hydric soil characterization was evaluated at 0-10cm depth. Chemical analysis (pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, C e N) and physical hydric attributes of soils based on granulometry, porosity (macro, micro and total porosity), soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and soil mechanical resistance to penetration (RMSP) were carried out. The analysis of vegetation consisted of dry matter evaluation, aboveground regrowth rate of pasture and quantification, and species richness of trees and herbaceous shrubs in natural regeneration. The areas were grouped into 2 based on textural class: Group 1, the clayey areas, and Group 2 medium texture areas. Soil fertility in all the areas showed low levels of sum of bases and base saturation, and high levels of aluminum saturation, which were not influenced by topographic conditions, although the concave slope shape seem to promote the removal of bases. The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were highest on the clayey texture areas. Chemistry and physical-hydric characterization of soil differed among different topographic conditions in medium texture areas, where the shoulder and backslope showed higher porosity (macro and total porosity). The RMSP was not influenced by topographic conditions. More than 90% of the analyzed points showed declivities ranging from 20 and 75 %, reducing values of pH, SB and V (%), and increasing values of m (%). The grass biomass values exceed 10 Mg/ha. The regrowth rate was high showing an average ranging from 984 to 1.356 kg/ha/month, and the clayey areas had lowest values. Low species richness was observed, with greatest diversity of arboreal growth on concave slope; while the herbaceous shrub regeneration tended to be highest in backslope and footslope. The regeneration in terms of species richness was lowest in B. humidicola areas, for both strata and in herbaceous shrub cover. A complementary analysis showed that the geographical orientation of the slopes had a close relationship with the values of natural regeneration, while south-facing slopes showed highest species richness. The backslope in concave slopes showed lowest regrowth in the pasture, and these areas were identified as those with best natural regeneration when compared to other areas studied in this research. / Objetivou-se avaliar a influ?ncia da posi??o na topossequ?ncia e da forma de rampa nas propriedades qu?micas e f?sico-h?dricas do solo e a sua rela??o com o padr?o da regenera??o natural da vegeta??o em ?reas de pastagens abandonadas. Foram avaliadas oito ?reas no munic?pio de Itabora? ? RJ. Nos ter?os superior, m?dio e inferior da topossequ?ncia foram identificados rampas de forma c?ncava e convexa. Foram instaladas duas parcelas (10 x 20 m) em cada ter?o, uma para cada forma de rampa, onde se procederam as avalia??es quanto ao solo e vegeta??o. O solo foi avaliado quanto ?s suas caracter?sticas qu?micas e f?sico-h?dricas ? profundidade de 0 a 10 cm. Foram realizadas as an?lises qu?micas de pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, C e N e as an?lises f?sico-h?dricas de granulometria, porosidade (macro, micro e total), densidade do solo, condutividade hidr?ulica e resist?ncia mec?nica do solo ? penetra??o (RMSP). A an?lise da vegeta??o consistiu na avalia??o da mat?ria seca e taxa de rebrota da parte a?rea da pastagem e da quantifica??o e riqueza da vegeta??o arb?rea e herb?ceoarbustiva da regenera??o natural. As ?reas foram agrupadas em duas de acordo com a classe textural: Grupo 1, ?reas de textura argilosa, e Grupo 2, ?reas de textura m?dia. A fertilidade do solo de todas as ?reas apresentou n?veis baixos de soma e satura??o de bases e n?veis altos de satura??o por alum?nio, n?o sendo influenciadas significativamente pelas condi??es de relevo, embora as formas de rampas c?ncavas pare?am promover uma maior remo??o de bases. Os teores de carbono e nitrog?nio total foram maiores nas ?reas de textura mais argilosa. As caracter?sticas f?sico-h?dricas do solo diferiram em fun??o das condi??es de relevo somente nas ?reas de textura m?dia, onde os ter?os superior e m?dio apresentaram maior porosidade (macro e total). A RMSP n?o foi influenciada pelas condi??es de relevo. Mais de 90% dos pontos analisados apresentaram declividades entre 20% e 75 % favorecendo diminui??es nos valores de pH, SB e V(%) e aumentos nos valores de m (%). Foram identificadas tr?s esp?cies de gram?neas predominantes nas pastagens (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola e Paspalum sp.), com predomin?ncia da esp?cie Paspalum sp. Os valores de biomassa de gram?neas apresentaram-se altos superando 10 Mg/ha. As taxas de rebrota foram elevadas apresentando em m?dia valores entre 984 a 1.356 kg/ha/m?s, sendo os menores valores encontrados nas ?reas argilosas. Observou-se baixa riqueza de esp?cies e tend?ncia em maior domin?ncia arb?rea na rampa c?ncava, enquanto que a regenera??o herb?ceo-arbustiva tendeu a ser maior nos ter?os inferior e m?dio. A regenera??o foi menor em ?reas de B. humidicola, em termos de riqueza de esp?cies, nos dois estratos e para cobertura herb?ceo-arbustiva. Uma an?lise complementar mostrou que a orienta??o geogr?fica das encostas possuiu estreita rela??o com os valores de regenera??o natural, sendo que encostas voltadas para o sul apresentaram maior riqueza de esp?cies. Os ter?os m?dios de rampas c?ncavas apresentaram o menor vigor de rebrota do capim. Essas ?reas foram tamb?m identificadas como aquelas com a maior regenera??o natural dentre as ?reas estudadas.