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Ecologia de parasit?ides (Diptera: Phoridae) de Atta robusta Borgmeier, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em ambiente de restinga / Ecology of parasitoids (Diptera: Phoridae) of Atta robusta Borgmeier, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in restinga environment.Gomes, Diego da Silva 29 April 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The leaf cutter ant Atta robusta Borgmeier, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is an endemic species existent in restinga environment between States of Rio de Janeiro and Esp?rito Santo. However, with the fragmentation of this environment and consequent loss of the native area, owed due mainly to the urban growth, this species takes serious extinction risk, becoming indispensable studies that seek auxiliary in the understanding of your ecology, as the action of parasitoids phorids (Diptera: Phoridae). This work had as main objective to study possible associations of these flies with A. robusta. During the period between June 2009 and October 2010 two restinga environment were studied in the city of Rio de Janeiro: Parque Marapendi and restinga da Marambaia. In each environment they two areas were chosen (with differentiated vegetable composition), an open and more degraded, and another closed, more preserved. In each area nine colonies of A. robusta were chosen, totaling 36 colonies in the four areas of the two environments. Every day of data collection consisted of six hours of observation, divided in eight times of 45 minutes. These observations were made in trails and entrance of the nests, in a consecutive way, always beginning for the entrance nests. In the first ones 15 of each time were to verify the traffic of ants and the 30 remaining minutes, for capture of the phorids that attacked A. robusta. Environmental variables (temperature and humidity) were logged, as well as the attack place (trails and nests entrances). Seventy three phorid flies of two species were collected: Neodohrniphora sp. (46 individuals) and Myrmosicarius sp. (27 individuals). The first one was confirmed as a new species and it was more frequent in more closed restinga areas, while the second, with open areas. The two species attack in trails and entrance of the nests. The number of individuals of Myrmosicarius sp. was influenced negatively with the temperature and positively with the relative humidity of the air. In the case of Neodohrniphora sp. nov., all the regressions relating the number of individuals captured with the studied variables were not significant. The phorid species appear to be linked to specific areas of restinga, in which temperature and humidity are factors limiting the performance of parasitoids Myrmosicarius sp., but do not regulate the behavior of parasitoid Neodohrniphora sp nov. / A formiga cortadeira Atta robusta Borgmeier, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ? uma esp?cie end?mica de ambientes de restinga existentes entre os Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Esp?rito Santo. Por?m, com a fragmenta??o deste ambiente e conseq?ente perda da ?rea nativa, devido principalmente ao crescimento urbano, esta esp?cie corre s?rio risco de extin??o, tornando-se imprescind?veis estudos que visem auxiliar na compreens?o de sua ecologia, como a a??o de for?deos parasit?ides (Diptera: Phoridae). Este estudo teve como objetivo principal estudar poss?veis associa??es destas moscas com A. robusta. Durante o per?odo entre junho de 2009 e outubro de 2010 foram estudados dois ambientes de restinga na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: Parque Marapendi e restinga da Marambaia. Em cada um destes ambientes foram escolhidas duas ?reas (com composi??o vegetal diferenciada), uma aberta e mais degradada, e outra fechada, mais preservada. Em cada ?rea foram escolhidas nove col?nias de A. robusta, totalizando 36 col?nias nas quatro ?reas dos dois ambientes. Cada dia de coleta de dados constou de seis horas de observa??o, divididas em oito tempos de 45 minutos. Estas observa??es foram feitas em trilhas e em olheiros, de forma consecutiva, sempre se iniciando pelos olheiros. Os 15 primeiros minutos de cada tempo foram para verificar o tr?fego de formigas e os 30 minutos restantes, para captura de for?deos que atacavam A. robusta. Vari?veis ambientais (temperatura e umidade) foram anotadas, bem como o local de ataque (trilha e olheiro). Foram coletados 73 for?deos de duas esp?cies: Neodohrniphora sp. nov. (46 indiv?duos) e Myrmosicarius sp. (27 indiv?duos). A primeira esp?cie foi confirmada como uma nova esp?cie e foi mais frequente em ?reas de restinga mais fechadas, enquanto a segunda, em ?reas abertas. As duas esp?cies atacam em trilhas e olheiros. O n?mero de indiv?duos de Myrmosicarius sp. foi influenciado negativamente pela temperatura e positivamente pela umidade relativa do ar. No caso de Neodohrniphora sp. nov., todas as regress?es relacionando o n?mero de indiv?duos capturados com as vari?veis estudadas foram n?o significativas. As esp?cies de for?deos parecem estar associadas a ?reas espec?ficas de restinga, na qual temperatura e umidade s?o fatores limitantes da atua??o dos parasit?ides Myrmosicarius sp., por?m n?o regulam o comportamento parasit?ide de Neodohrniphora sp nov.
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Din?mica do b?rio em solos contaminados por res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. / The dyamics of barium in soil contaminated by the waste generated from oil well drilling.Magalh?es, Marcio Osvaldo Lima 19 December 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Despite the known problems caused by the by-products generated from the exploration of oil,
this activity will be a part of our reality for the next 50 years. The oil drilling and exploration
industry creates a substantial amount of waste that, if not adequately disposed of, could cause
environmental problems. One of the main contaminates found in the waste related to oil
drilling is the element barium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination of
soil containing barium, its impact on the growth of rice plants (Orysa sativa) and potential
risk of contaminating groundwater. This paper was divided into four chapters. The goal of the
first chapter was to evaluate the spatial variability of barium levels found in former oil well
drilling waste disposal sites. For this study, soil was collected from georeferenced points,
analyzed in terms of its pseudo total levels, and prepared for the geochemical fractionation of
barium, classifying the material in accordance with resolution 420 of CONAMA [Brazilian
National Counsel on the Environment] (2009). In the second chapter, the effect of redox
potential in soil on the mobility and absorption of barium by rice, having barium sulfate P.A.
as the element?s source, was assessed. The effect was evaluated by performing rice culture pot
and column leaching tests. The aim of the third chapter was the characterization and
traceability of heavy metals in waste generated during the recovery of oil well drilling fluids.
The waste was collected during the drilling of well 7-MGP-98D-BA, where the material was
separated by composite sample, based on depth and equipment. In the fourth chapter, the
effects of redox potential in soil interaction and heavy metals coming from the waste
generated from onshore oil well drilling were analyzed. This chapter was similar to chapter
two, with the main difference being the waste generated from well 7-MGP-98D-BA, which
supplied the source of barium. The waste materials selected were those that displayed the
lowest levels of arsenic, cadmium, barium, lead, and sodium. The obtained results showed
that waste generated from oil well drilling contains high levels of barium, and that when
disposed of in soil can significantly contribute to site contamination, having used the guiding
values of CONAMA (2009) as a reference. As such, the barium present in this area was in the
form of low solubility, as evidenced by the geochemical fractionation of the element. It was
also observed that the conditions of low values of redox potential (-200 mV) promoted an
increase of barium in fractions of greater mobility, causing major losses of the element by
leaching, and increased absorption by plants. Among the studied waste materials, the waste
from the dehydrator and the centrifuge 1 presented high levels of sodium as its greatest
limitation, which affected the development of plants. / Apesar da verifica??o de problemas ocasionados pelo uso de produtos gerados a partir da
explora??o do petr?leo, essa atividade ? uma realidade nos pr?ximos 50 anos. A industria de
perfura??o e explora??o de petr?leo ? uma atividade que gera muitos residuos que, caso
dispostos de forma inadequada, podem ocasionar problemas ambientais. Um dos principais
contaminantes relacionados aos res?duos de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo ? o elemento
b?rio. A proposta desse estudo foi de avaliar a contamina??o dos solos com b?rio e seu
impacto no desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz (Orysa sativa) e o risco de contamina??o do
len?ol fre?tico. Para isso o trabalho foi dividido em quatro cap?tulos. O primeiro cap?tulo teve
como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos teores de b?rio em antiga ?rea de
disposi??o de res?duo de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. Nesse estudo foram coletados solos
em pontos georreferenciados e analisados quanto aos teores pseudototais e feito o
fracionamento geoqu?mico do b?rio, classificando o material de acordo com a resolu??o 420
do Conama (2009). No segunto cap?tulo foi avaliado o efeito do potencial redox do solo na
mobilidade e absor??o de b?rio por arroz, tendo como fonte do elelmento o sulfato de b?rio
P.A. Esse efeito foi avaliado atrav?s de ensaios em vasos com cultivo de arroz e em colunas
de lixivia??o. O terceiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo a caracteriza??o e rastreabilidade de
metais pesados em res?duos gerados na recupera??o do fluido de perfura??o de po?os de
petr?leo. O res?duo foi coletado durante a perfura??o do po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA, onde os
materiais foram separados em amostras compostas em fun??o da profundidade e do
equipamento. No quarto cap?tulo foi analisado o efeito do potencial redox na intera??o solo e
metais pesados provenientes de res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo
?onshore?. Esse cap?tulo foi semelhante ao cap?tulo 2, diferindo principalmente na fonte de
b?rio que foi o res?duo gerado no po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA. Os res?duos selecionados foram os
que apresentaram como os mais restrit?vos com rela??o aos teores de ars?nio, c?dmio, b?rio,
chumbo e s?dio. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os res?duos oriundos da perfura??o
de po?os de petr?leo possuem altos teores de b?rio, que quando dispostos nos solos podem
contribuir significativamente para a contamina??o das ?reas, tendo como refer?ncia os valores
orientadores do Conama (2009). Entretanto, o b?rio presente nessa ?rea estava sob forma de
baixa solubilidade, evidenciada pelo fracionamento geoqu?mico do elemento. Tamb?m foi
observado que a condi??o de baixos valores de potencial redox (-200 mV) promoveu o
aumento do b?rio nas fra??es de maior mobilidade, ocasionando maiores perdas do elemento
por lixivia??o e maior absor??o pelas plantas. Dentre os res?duos estudados, os res?duos do
secador e da centr?fuga 1 apresentaram como maior limita??o os altos teores de s?dio, o que
afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas.
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Estudo comparativo de m?todos de extra??o para determina??o de fluazuron em plasma bovino por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia com detec??o em ultravioleta. / Comparison of extraction methods for determining fluazuron in bovine plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.Ferreira, Thais Paes 11 May 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-05-11 / Fluazuron is a benzoylphenylurea acarine growth inhibitor that is marketed for the control
of cattle tick. Although the growth regulators are widely studied class, the number of papers
describing analytical methods for determining the fluazuron in plasma samples is reduced.
The development of a simple and fast analytical method for quantifying fluazuron in bovine
plasma by HPLC-UV enables the evaluation of drug plasma profile and can be applied on
bioavailability analysis of formulations containing fluazuron. In recent years there has been
a technological breakthrough for chromatographic instrumentation, providing rapid, robust
and sensitive methods, but the pretreatment of the sample stage becomes the limiting factor
in this process. New extraction methods have been developed, however are often complex,
expensive methods and are not as sophisticated to handle complex matrices, such as plasma.
The aim of this study was a comparative study of three extraction methods: LLE, SPE and
matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD). Pooled plasma samples were used as biological
material, partly as raw samples and partly spiked with concentrations of fluazuron. For each
extraction method (with exception of DMFS) was conducted using various solvents (ethyl
acetate, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, hexane and acetonitrile) in order to evaluate the best
extractor solvent. After the extractions the samples were concentrated and analyzed by
HPLC/UV. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Kromasil C18 column
preceded by guard column of matching chemistry, with mobile phase of acetonitrile: water
(80:20, v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The comparative analysis of the extraction
procedures was based on selectivity, precision and accuracy of the method. Results showed
that LLE not presented accuracy (< 80 and >120%) and precision (CV > 15%) with any
solvent tested. SPE method showed good accuracy (80-120%) and precision (CV < 15%)
for ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and diethyl ether. MSPD method using ethyl acetate
solvent showed good accuracy and precision. However, SPE also allows a lower solvent
consumption and shorter analysis time. The validation of the analytical method showed
linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy and, absence matrix effects and residual, thus
proving it as suitable for routine analysis; This method showed to be an important
investigative tool in the analysis of fluazuron plasma concentration in cattle. Fluazuron
topical administration in bovine reached the systemic circulation (Cmax=62,8 ng/mL), was
absorbed (tmax=48 hs), while maintaining quantifiable blood plasma levels for up to 14 days
after the treatment with a 2,5 mg/Kg dosage. / Fluazuron ? um inibidor do crescimento da classebenzoilfenilur?ia, sendo comercializado
para o controle de carrapatos do gado. Embora a classe de reguladores de crescimento sejam
amplamente estudada, o n?mero de artigos que descrevem os m?todos anal?ticos para a
determina??o do fluazurom em amostras de plasma ? escasso. O desenvolvimento de um
m?todo anal?tico simples e r?pido para quantificar fluazuron em plasma bovino por CLAEUV
permite a avalia??o do perfil plasm?tico do f?rmaco e pode ser aplicado na an?lise de
biodisponibilidade de formula??es contendo fluazurom. Nos ?ltimos anos, tem acontecido
um avan?o tecnol?gico para a instrumenta??o cromatogr?fica, proporcionando m?todos
r?pidos, eficazes e sens?veis, mas a etapa de pr?-tratamento da amostra torna-se o fator
limitante neste processo. Novos m?todos de extra??o t?m sido desenvolvidos, no entanto,
muitas das vezes s?om?todos complexos, caros e n?o t?o sofisticados para matrizes
complexas como o plasma. O objetivo deste estudo foi um estudo comparativo de tr?s
m?todos de extra??o: extra??o l?quido-l?quido (ELL), extra??o em fase s?lida (EFS) e
dispers?o de matriz em fase s?lida (DMFS). Ums mistura de amostras de plasma foi
utilizada como material biol?gico, uma parte como amostra bruta e outra parcialmente
enriquecida com concentra??es de fluazuron. Para cada m?todo de extra??o (exceto DMFS)
foram analisadosdiversos solventes (acetato de etila, diclorometano, ?ter diet?lico, hexano
e acetonitrila), a fim de avaliar o melhor solvente extrator. Ap?s as extra??es, as amostras
foram concentradas e analisadas por CLAE/UV. A separa??o cromatogr?f ica foi obtida na
coluna Kromasil C18 precedida de pr?-coluna de fase qu?mica correspondente, com fase
m?vel de acetonitrila: ?gua (80:20, v/v) a um fluxo de 1,0 mL /min. A an?lise comparativa
dos procedimentos de extra??o foi baseada na seletividade, precis?o e exatid?o do m?todo.
Os resultados mostraram que a precis?o ELL n?o apresentou exatid?o (<80 e> 120%) e
precis?o (CV> 15%) com nenhum dos solventes analisados. O m?todo EFS mostrou boa
exatid?o (80-120%) e precis?o (CV <15%) para o acetato de etila, diclorometano e ?ter
diet?lico. O m?todo de DMFS utilizando o solvente acetato de etila mostrou boa exatid?o e
precis?o. No entanto, a EFS tamb?m permite um menor consumo de solventes e um tempo
curto de an?lise; A valida??o do m?todo anal?tico mostrou linearidade, seletividade,
precis?o, exatid?o e, aus?ncia de efeitos de matriz e residual, demonstrando-se adequado
para an?lises de rotina; Este m?todo mostrou-se uma ferramenta de investiga??o importante
na an?lise de concentra?? plasm?tica em bovinos. Fluazuron administrado por via t?pica
em bovinos atingiu a circula??o sist?mica (Cmax = 62,8 ng /ml) e foi absorvido (Tm?x =
48 Hs), se mantendo quantificav?l em n?veis plasm?ticos por at? 14 dias ap?s o tratamento
com uma dosagem de 2,5 mg / kg.
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Organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico dos professores do IFAM - Campus s?o Gabriel da cachoeira: um estudo das concep??es pedag?gicas que fundamentam sua pr?tica docente. / Organization of work of teachers teaching the IFAM - campus s?o gabriel da cachoeira: a study of the pedagogical assumptions that underlie their teaching practiceSilva, Josiani Mendes 04 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-04 / The Federal Office for Education, Science and Technology of the Amazon - Campus S?o Gabriel da Cachoeira is located in the upper Rio Negro, Amazon, where indigenous people live in various ethnic groups with different languages, traditions, customs and traditions. Among the many challenges that are brought to this campus for the construction of an education for all, enabling universal access to knowledge and value, while the practices and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples, is the qualification of teachers in planning mediation of construction of the teaching-learning of indigenous students at the school even other non-indigenous students. The study presented here aimed to investigate which pedagogical concepts teachers use as a basis for organizing their pedagogical work. This is a descriptive characterized as a case study, conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Amazon - Campus S?o Gabriel da Cachoeira, with eleven professors from the Technical Course in Agriculture, which administer the technical disciplines in-vocational education in indigenous communities, as well as on campus. We collected data from four phases of work: Step 1: We did a literature search, which was backed by the theoretical background on the authors to address issues relevant to this study; Step 2: We performed the fieldwork with the course faculty Farming Technician, through questionnaires on educational concepts in school practice as well as on their professional profile; Step 3: analyze their teaching plans, which allowed us to observe how they planned their teaching practice through methodological procedures, the resources that would be used for lessons and evaluation tools; Step 4: We used participant observation to describe the involvement of teachers in the construction of Project Political campus. The material was interpreted from the theoretical framework adopted in which content analysis was used for this purpose. In seeking to understand how teachers organized both his pedagogical work, such as the Educational Policy Project of the campus, we realize that they do not understand that there is a relationship between education and society, therefore, have no understanding of the meaning of education to society where the campus is inserted and therefore there is a pedagogical concept defined the reasons for organizing their pedagogical work. To meet the multi-ethno-cultural in that region, allowing a differentiated model of education, constant updating is a fundamental need and unambiguous, and therefore stress the importance of such training to promote the continuous development of teachers, with actions that lead to investigate, search and interact, enabling the expansion of their knowledge and resilience, both in its design in relation to education, the challenges and problems of their everyday school life. / O Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Amazonas ? Campus S?o Gabriel da Cachoeira situa-se no alto Rio Negro, Amazonas, onde convivem povos ind?genas de v?rias etnias com diferentes l?nguas, usos, costumes e tradi??es. Entre os muitos desafios que est?o postos a este campus para a constru??o de uma educa??o para todos, que possibilite acesso aos conhecimentos universais e valorize, ao mesmo tempo, as pr?ticas e saberes tradicionais das popula??es ind?genas, est? o da qualifica??o dos professores em planejar a media??o da constru??o do processo ensino-aprendizagem de alunos ind?genas, no mesmo espa?o escolar de outros alunos n?o ind?genas. O estudo aqui proposto teve por objetivo investigar quais concep??es pedag?gicas os professores utilizam como base para a organiza??o do seu trabalho pedag?gico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva caracterizada como um estudo de caso, realizada no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Amazonas ? Campus S?o Gabriel da Cachoeira, com onze professores do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria, os quais ministram disciplinas da ?rea t?cnico-profissionalizante em comunidades ind?genas, assim como no campus. Realizamos a coleta de dados a partir de quatro etapas de trabalho: Etapa 1: fizemos uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica, onde houve o respaldo do embasamento te?rico nos autores que tratam das quest?es pertinentes ao presente estudo; Etapa 2: realizamos a pesquisa de campo com os professores do curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria, por meio de question?rios sobre as concep??es pedag?gicas em sua pr?tica escolar, bem como sobre o seu perfil profissional; Etapa 3: analisamos seus planos de ensino, os quais nos permitiram observar como planejavam sua pr?tica pedag?gica, atrav?s dos procedimentos metodol?gicos, os recursos que seriam utilizados para as aulas e os instrumentos de avalia??o; Etapa 4: utilizamos a observa??o participante para descrever a participa??o desses professores na constru??o do Projeto Pol?tico Pedag?gico do campus. O material coletado foi interpretado a partir do marco te?rico adotado onde utilizamos a an?lise de conte?do para esse fim. Ao procurarmos conhecer como os professores organizaram, tanto seu trabalho pedag?gico, como o Projeto Pol?tico Pedag?gico do campus, percebemos que os mesmos n?o entendem que h? uma rela??o entre educa??o e sociedade, em consequ?ncia, n?o possuem um entendimento do sentido da educa??o para a sociedade em que o campus est? inserido e, portanto, n?o existe uma concep??o pedag?gica definida que fundamente a organiza??o de seu trabalho pedag?gico. Para atender a diversidade etno-pluri-cultural dessa regi?o, viabilizando um modelo de educa??o diferenciada, a atualiza??o permanente ? uma necessidade fundamental e inequ?voca, portanto, enfatizamos a import?ncia dessa forma??o para promover o desenvolvimento cont?nuo dos professores, com a??es que o levem a investigar, pesquisar e interagir, possibilitando a amplia??o de seus conhecimentos e a supera??o, tanto de sua concep??o em rela??o ? educa??o, quanto dos desafios e problemas do seu cotidiano escolar.
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Efeito da consorcia??o da leguminosa Desmodium ovalifolium no consumo animal e na ciclagem de nutrientes em pastagens de Brachiaria humidicola. / The effect of consortium with the legume Desmodium ovalifolium on animal intake and nutrient cycling in Brachiaria humidicola pastures.Tarr?, Ricardo Martinez 11 March 2005 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2005-03-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of CEPLAC, located in the
South of Bahia State (CEPLAC/CEPEC/ESSUL), set as a entirely randomized design
with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted of 2 pastures, one of grassonly
Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt, and the other of B. humidicola
consorted with Desmodium ovalifolium Wall cv. Itabela, each grazed at 3 different
stocking rates of 2, 3 and 4 animals per hectare. Estimates of animal intake under
grazing were made at two occasions during the year (August and November of 1995).
Six oesophagus-fistulated steers were used for sampling of the consumed forage, and 36
animals were fed with 10 g of Cr2O3 each day, for 21 days. The ?in vitro? digestibility
of dry matter, total nitrogen, and natural abundance of 13C were analyzed in the fistula
samples. At the same time, the productivity of the pastures and their botanical
composition was measured. The presence of the legume D. ovalifolium in the pastures
of B. humidicola increased the protein content of the forage ingested by the animals by
64%. The dry matter intake was affected negatively by the presence of the legume due
to its low palatability, however the proportion of the legume in the diet was quite
significant (27 to 62%), being highest in the higher stocking rates due to the more
restricted selectivity of the grazing animals. At the lower stocking rate there was a
larger proportion of the legume in forage on offer. The total protein intake by the
animals was higher in mixed pastures, but that didn't provide a better animal
performance due to low digestibility of the legume. The rate of decomposition was very
rapid (k ~ -0.081 and 0.060g g-1 day-1) P and K, and annual rates of P turnover through
the litter pathway were between 13.7 and 13.2 kg P ha-1 year-1. In the grass-only
pastures, as stocking rate increased from 2 to 3 head ha-1, P recycled in the litter
decreased by 11%, but a further increase to 4 head ha-1 decreased P recycling by 6%,
suggesting that beyond a certain critical level higher grazing stocking rates would lead
to pasture decline if there was no N addition. High stocking rates decreased proportion
of the legume in the sward, but at all rates the concentration of P in both the green and
dead grass, in the forage on offer and in the litter, was higher in the mixed sward. The
presence of legume in the litter resulted in increases in P and K recycled via litter
deposition varying from 12.5 to 14.3 kg P ha-1 year-1 and 25.0 to 37.6 kg K ha-1 year--1. / Esse experimento foi conduzido na Esta??o Experimental de Zootecnia do Extremo Sul
da Bahia (ESSUL/CEPEC/CEPLAC) obedecendo a um delineamento experimental
inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos e 3 repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram
estabelecidos segundo um fatorial 2 x 3, com 2 pastagens, Brachiaria humidicola
(Rendle) Schweickt em monocultura e B. humidicola consorciada com Desmodium
ovalifolium Wall cv. Itabela, e 3 taxas de lota??o, 2, 3 e 4 cabe?as por hectare. A
estimativa do consumo animal em pastejo foi avaliada em 2 ?pocas do ano (agosto e
novembro de 1995). Utilizaram-se 6 animais bovinos es?fago-fistulados para a retirada
das extrusas (dietas consumidas) e 36 bovinos foram dosados com 10 g de Cr2O3 por
dia, durante 21 dias. A digestibilidade ?in vitro? da mat?ria seca e a abund?ncia natural
do 13C foram analisadas nas extrusas. Paralelamente, foram avaliadas a produtividade
das pastagens e a sua composi??o bot?nica. O consumo de mat?ria seca foi afetado
negativamente pela presen?a da leguminosa D. ovalifolium nas pastagens de B.
humidicola devido ? sua baixa palatabilidade, por?m a propor??o da leguminosa na
dieta consumida foi bastante significativa, sendo maior nas taxas de lota??o mais
elevadas onde a seletividade dos animais foi mais restrita, apesar do fato de que na
menor taxa de lota??o havia uma maior propor??o da leguminosa na forragem em
oferta. O menor consumo de forragem observado nas pastagens consorciadas, n?o
proporcionou menor desempenho animal, provavelmente devido ? maior oferta de
prote?na oferecida pela leguminosa. As altas taxas de lota??o provocaram uma
diminui??o na propor??o de leguminosas na forragem em oferta, entretanto em todas as
taxas de lota??o a concentra??o de P na gram?nea verde e seca da forragem em oferta e
da liteira foi maior nas pastagens consorciadas. A taxa de decomposi??o da liteira foi
muito elevada, cerca de 0,081 e 0,060 g g-1 dia-1, para P e K respectivamente,
acarretando uma deposi??o anual de P pela liteira entre 13,2 e 13,7 kg P ha-1 ano-1. Nas
pastagens em monocultura, os aumentos na taxa de lota??o de 2 para 3 animais ha-1 e
de 3 para 4 animais ha-1 causaram decr?scimos na reciclagem de P na liteira de
respectivamente, 11 e 6%.Provavelmente essas altas taxas de lota??o provocam um
decl?nio das pastagens devido ? menor adi??o de P ao sistema solo. A presen?a da
leguminosa nas pastagens provocou um aumento significativo na reciclagem de P pela
deposi??o da liteira variando de 12,5 a 14,3 kg P ha-1 ano-1 e 25,0 a 37,6 kg K ha-1 ano-1.
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Destoxifica??o do farelo de mamona (Ricinus Communis L.) por extrus?o termopl?stica / Detoxification of castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) Thermoplastic ExtrusionSilva, B?rbara Amorim 25 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The castor bean (Ricinus communis L) is a plant family Euphorbiaceae. Considered an oil of
high economic value because this has a clearly defined market for the oil extracted from its
seeds. The cake, which is a residue of this extraction, stands out for its high protein content.
Among the proteins found in the cake stands ricin, a cytotoxin, which not allows its use as an
alternative protein source for animal feed. In this study was used the extrusion-cooking
technology, combined application of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 in order to inactivate the
protein fraction containing ricin. The extrusion process of cake castor oil was carried out
using a Brabender DS20 cannon short. Was used the response surface methodology to
investigate the effect of the interaction of parameters in the study. Was used a central
composite design in order to evaluate the moisture effects (14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 21%),
temperature (116?C, 130?C, 150?C, 170?C and 180?C) and concentration of Ca(OH)2.. As a
comparative sample was used castor beans which were crushed to extract oil and cake which
used as a sample without heat treatment, as standard. For the evaluation of physical-chemical,
it was utilized methods of AOAC. The quantification of proteins was realized using the
method of Bradford and the protein profile was electrophoresis-SDS-PAGE. Was used to
mark the Biorad electrophoresis the methodology observed using the of preparation of the
gels described by LaemmLi (1970). The results indicated that most of the different treatments
performed totally changed the structure of ricin. Indizatily the possibility of total hydr?lise of
this macromolecule. The application of extracts of castor oil in the gel electrophoresis allowed
the observation of a clear chain A (RTA) and 38 kDa molecular weight B (RTB) molecular
weight 36kDa. For the crude protein extract of bran molar mass chains A and B were
approximately 37 kDa and 35 kDa respectively. The levels of protein extracted from the bran
decreased 89% after extrusion. The results indicated that all treatments changed entirely the
structure of ricin with the possibility of their having been a total hydrolysis of the polymer.
According to tests performed and observed results, we conclude that the thermoplastic
extrusion process is a suitable technology to decrease the activity of ricin / A mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) ? uma planta da fam?lia Euforbi?cea que vem sendo
muito estudada como fonte alternativa na produ??o de biodisel. O farelo, res?duo gerado ap?s
a extra??o do ?leo da semente utilizando solvente, apresenta alto teor de prote?nas. Dentre as
prote?nas encontradas na torta destaca-se a ricina, uma citotoxina, que inviabiliza sua
utiliza??o como fonte prot?ica alternativa para alimenta??o animal. No presente estudo
empregamos a extrus?o termopl?stica, associada ? aplica??o de hidr?xido de c?lcio Ca (OH)2
com o objetivo de inativar a fra??o prot?ica que contem a ricina. O processo de extrus?o do
farelo de mamona foi realizado utilizando uma extrusora BRABENDER DS20 de canh?o
curto. Utilizou-se a metodologia de superf?cie de resposta para verificar o efeito da intera??o
dos par?metros estabelecidos no estudo. Foi utilizado um delineamento composto central
rotacional a fim de avaliar os efeitos dos n?veis de umidade (14%, 16%, 20% e 21%),
temperatura (116?C, 130?C, 150?C, 170?C e 180?C) e concentra??o Ca(OH)2.. Como amostra
comparativa foi utilizada sementes de mamona da cultivar Paragua?? as quais foram
esmagadas em prensa expeller at? extrair o ?leo e cuja torta foi utilizada como padr?o por
apresentar maior integridade das cadeias polipept?dicas. Para a avalia??o das caracter?sticas
f?sico-qu?micas, foram utilizados m?todos da AOAC, para quantifica??o de prote?nas foi
utilizado o m?todo de Bradford e para avalia??o do perfil prot?ico foi utilizada a eletroforese-
SDS-PAGE, atrav?s do sistema de eletroforese da marca Biorad com a metodologia de
prepara??o dos g?is descrita por Laemmli (1970). Os m?todos de purifica??o usando a di?lise
e precipita??o com sulfato de am?nio favoreceu para um bom rendimento quanto ao teor de
prote?na, principalmente a ricina. A aplica??o dos extratos da torta de mamona no gel de
eletroforese permitiu a observa??o n?tida das cadeias A (RTA) massa molar 38 kDa e B
(RTB) massa molar 36kDa. Para o extrato prot?ico do farelo bruto a massa molar das cadeias
A e B ficaram em torno 37 kDa e 35 kDa respectivamente. Os n?veis de prote?na extra?da do
farelo diminu?ram 89% ap?s a extrus?o. Os resultados indicaram que todos os tratamentos
realizados modificaram totalmente a estrutura da ricina, com possibilidade de ter havido
hidr?lise total desta macromol?cula. De acordo com os ensaios realizados e resultados
observados, conclui-se que o processo de extrus?o termopl?stica ? uma tecnologia adequada
para diminuir a atividade da ricina.
Palavras-chave: Citotoxina, Eletroforese
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Entre o signo da mudan?a e a for?a da tradi??o: o conflito entre a Irmandade de S. Crispim e S. Crispiniano dos sapateiros e a C?mara, Rio de Janeiro, c. 1764 ? c. 1821 / Among the sign of change and the strength of tradition: the conflict between the Brotherhood of St. Crispim and St. Crispiniano Cobblers and Chamber, Rio de Janeiro, c. 1764-c. 1821Siqueira, Mariana Nastari 09 September 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-09 / Decanato de Pesquisa e P?s-Gradua??o-UFRRJ / The present study attempts to address the conflict between the Brotherhood of St. Crispim and St. Crispiniano and the Chamber of Rio de Janeiro between 1764 and 1821, during which we could verify the aforementioned conflict. This conflict revolved around the street shoe trade, which sought to prohibit the brotherhood. Within this context, we seek to address such a fellowship as a brotherhood of office, wich had the organizational model of the mechanical crafts of the Kingdom as a parameter, but it was so specific, as long as it were part of a slave society. On the other hand, the period in discussion is highlighted, drawing attention to the continuities and discontinuities that was contained in it. Thus, there is the commitment of these shoemakers confreres in maintaining an institution that forged a monopolistic structure to a certain sector of the retail trade, this institution which found its legitimacy as a reference an array of Iberian corporatism. Thus, referring to the values and codes of the Ancient Regime, as a commitment to dissociate his office of the slavery, or as trying to keep "black lining" and "free mulatto" under their control, defining hierarchical gradations leading into account the criterion of color. At the same time, major changes were underway in the Portuguese Empire and the city of Rio de Janeiro, whether political, administrative, social, cultural, or in the framework of ideas (the Enlightenment, liberalism). Thus, in the twenties of the nineteenth century, the council members had become more firmly against the intention of St. Crispin?s cobblers in the prohibition of the trade in footwear through the streets of the city, which points to the adaptation and dissemination of the liberal ideas within the court itself and among the elite that made up the City Council, despite the social principles in hierarchies make sense also for this social segment. To the brothers of the Brotherhood of St. Crispim and St. Crispiniano, they only had to fight within the legal and institutional mechanisms that shaped itself to new times, but still had a strong element of continuity with the values and practices of the Ancient Regime, reported by Portugal. / O presente trabalho busca abordar o conflito entre a Irmandade de S. Crispim e S. Crispiniano e a C?mara do Rio de Janeiro, entre 1764 e 1821, per?odo em que se p?de verificar o mencionado conflito. O mesmo girava em torno do com?rcio ambulante de cal?ados, o qual a irmandade buscava proibir. Dentro deste contexto, procura-se abordar a referida irmandade como uma irmandade de of?cio, que tinha o modelo de organiza??o dos of?cios mec?nicos do Reino como par?metro, mas que se constituiu de forma espec?fica, j? que se inseria numa sociedade escravista. Por outro lado, destaca-se o per?odo abordado, chamando aten??o para as continuidades e descontinuidades que o mesmo comportava. Sendo assim, verifica-se o empenho desses confrades sapateiros na manuten??o de uma institui??o que forjava uma estrutura monopolista para determinado setor do com?rcio a varejo, institui??o esta que encontrava sua legitimidade tendo como refer?ncia uma matriz do corporativismo ib?rico. Desta maneira, remetiam-se a valores e c?digos de Antigo Regime, fosse no empenho em dissociarem o seu of?cio em rela??o ? escravid?o, fosse na tentativa de manterem ?pretos forros? e ?pardos livres? sob seu controle, definindo grada??es hier?rquicas que levavam em conta o crit?rio da cor. Ao mesmo tempo, mudan?as importantes encontravam-se em curso no ?mbito do Imp?rio Portugu?s e da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, fossem elas no campo pol?tico, administrativo, social, cultural, ou no campo das ideias (iluminismo, liberalismo). Assim, na d?cada de vinte do s?culo XIX, os vereadores apresentavam-se mais firmemente contra a inten??o dos sapateiros de S. Crispim em proibir o com?rcio de cal?ados pelas ruas da cidade, o que apontava para a dissemina??o e adapta??o das ideias liberais no seio da pr?pria corte e entre a elite que compunha a C?mara, n?o obstante os princ?pios sociais hierarquizantes fizessem sentido, igualmente, para este segmento social. Aos confrades da Irmandade de S. Crispim e S. Crispiniano, restava lutar no interior dos mecanismos legais e institucionais que se moldavam a novos tempos, mas que ainda guardavam uma forte componente de continuidade em rela??o aos valores e pr?ticas de Antigo Regime, comunicados por Portugal
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Mulheres e soberania alimentar: a luta para a transforma??o do meio rural brasileiro / Women and food sovereignty: the struggle for the transformation of rural BrazilJALIL, Laeticia Medeiros 10 March 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Analyzes the relation between the practices of rural women workers who participate in the Peasant Women's Movement (Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas, MMC) and the concept o Food Sovereignty, being the MMC the only feminist movement in Brazil to be part of Via Campesina. For that we have analyzed the Campaign for the Production of Healthy Food, trying to understand how this practices represent questioning, resistence and confrontation of the diverse ways by wich capitalism and patriarchy are expressed in their realities.
Through the identification of some actions related to the campaign we have tried to realize how this actions have a sense of democratization of the public sphere and broaden the access to social rights (education, health, water, agro-ecological production, the struggle to preserve native seeds, medicinal herbs and valuing peasant culture). The idea is based in the possibility of situating our view within the political, cultural and theoretical universe in which the issues of gender and food sovereignty have come to evidence. Another issue is the use o food sovereignty as a political tool for strengthening the struggle of social movements and its definition as one of the axis of the MMC political project.
Thus, we have carried out an ethnographic study with the campaign facilitators in the State of Santa Catarina. We have followed the activities of five facilitators for twenty three days and visited six groups in five different cities, in the effort of identifying and observing the characteristics or the practices and strategies of women groups involved in the Campaign for the Production of Healthy Food an in the Native Seeds Rescue, Production and Improvement Program.
Through a systematization of some data, our proposal is to discuss and try to find answers for a few questions as: how does an approach based on gender issues can contribute to the debate on food sovereignty? How through this campaign is food sovereignty becoming a political project for the MMC? What are the difficulties that peasant women see in implementing this campaign? How is the struggle of women for food sovereignty broadening and brings democracy to public space? How is the struggle for food sovereignty combined with the struggles for access to water, education, welfare and other? / A proposta desta disserta??o ? analisar a rela??o entre as mulheres agricultoras que participam do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas/MMC e a Soberania Alimentar a partir da sua pr?tica, sendo o MMC o ?nico movimento feminista que participa da Via Campesina no Brasil. Para tal, foi analisada a Campanha pela Produ??o de Alimentos Saud?veis buscando perceber como essas pr?ticas representam o questionamento, a resist?ncia e o enfrentamento das diversas formas pelas quais se expressam em suas realidades o capitalismo e o patriarcado. A partir da identifica??o de algumas a??es relacionadas ? campanha, buscamos perceber como estas democratizam a esfera p?blica e ampliam o campo de acesso aos direitos sociais (educa??o, sa?de, acesso ? ?gua, produ??o agroecol?gica, a luta pelo resgate das sementes crioulas, plantas medicinais e a valoriza??o da cultura camponesa). A ideia se constitui na possibilidade de nos situarmos dentro do universo social, pol?tico e te?rico, no qual as quest?es sobre g?nero e soberania alimentar tem se apresentado. Outra quest?o que foi abordada ? a o uso da soberania alimentar como instrumento pol?tico que fortalece a luta dos movimentos sociais e sua defini??o enquanto um dos eixos do projeto pol?tico do MMC. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa etnogr?fica com as monitoras da campanha no estado de Santa Catarina. Durante 23 dias as atividades de cinco monitoras foram acompanhadas. Seis grupos em cinco cidades foram visitados, para identificar e caracterizar as estrat?gias e as pr?ticas dos grupos de mulheres que est?o envolvidas na campanha pela produ??o de alimentos saud?veis e no Programa de Recupera??o, Produ??o e Melhoramento das Sementes Crioulas. A partir da sistematiza??o de alguns dados, a proposta ? discutir e tentar responder a algumas quest?es: em que medida uma abordagem de g?nero enriquece a discuss?o sobre soberania alimentar? Como a soberania alimentar, por meio das a??es da campanha, se constitui em projeto pol?tico do MMC? Quais as maiores dificuldades que as mulheres camponesas enfrentam na implementa??o da campanha? De que forma a luta das mulheres por soberania alimentar amplia e democratiza o espa?o p?blico? Como elas articulam a campanha e a luta por soberania alimentar com a luta pela democratiza??o da ?gua, educa??o, previd?ncia social, dentre outras?
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Curso de tecnologia em produ??o de cacha?a: representa??o social dos estudantes sobre a cacha?a e o consumo de ?lcool / Course of technology in the production of cacha?a: social representation of students on the cacha?a and alcohol consumptionOliveira, Pedro Paulo 30 June 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / Secretaria de Educa??o Profissional e Tecnologica - Setec/MEC. / Social Representations are structures of individual knowledge that are shared and that enable
a group understand the reality, to maintain their integrity and support their practices. This
work had the purpose to know the Social Representations of Cacha?a and its relationship with
the consumption of alcohol for students in the course of Technology in the Production of
Cacha?a of Federal Institute of the North of Minas Gerais (IFNM) -Campus Salinas. Using
the diagnosis of factors that had motivated these young people for this college course, to
identifying if the consumption and the conceptions about cacha?a at these young people
were affected by this college course, as well as the factors that the students has related for to
drinking cacha?a as: occasions, friendship, the correlation with the family habits, the risks to
health and social problems. The research was carried out in IFNMG, in the year 2010, with
forty-eight students in the upper course of Technology in the Production of Cacha?a. It was
consisted of three stages: 1- socioeconomic characteristics of students, with structured
questions; 2- Evaluation of the knowledge of the students about cacha?a that understood the
use of a Likert scale of five points; 3- Social representation of the cacha?a with roadmap built
with open-ended questions, in order to encourage the discourse, and the interviews were
recorded, transcribed and analyzed by technique of the Collective Subject Discourse, on the
basis of the theory of Social Representations, using the software Qualiquantisoft. Thus, it was
found that the universe of the students presents a predominance of women (62.5 %) and the
age range of 18 to 21 years old (56.2 % ). The majority (87 % ), concluded the middle school
at a public school in regular course (90 %) and are living in an urban area (81 %) in the city of
Salinas (86 % ). On the social representations for the consumption of alcohol, the students
have attitudes predominantly unfavorable to the consumption of alcoholic beverages; they
hadn't believe that the young people has drunk alcohol for "to feel sad or annoying" or "feel
more integrated and identified with their group"; the motivation more favorable on the
consumption of alcoholic beverages were "to relax or calm down the nerves" and "to feel
more adults". In terms of Knowledge and Beliefs, the students believe that alcohol can cause
physical dependence" and the consumption of cacha?a "helps to unwind/ encourage". It was
verifie that the social representations of students about the properties and the consumption of
alcoholic beverage and cacha?a, presents a great level of information and they has attitudes
predominantly negative in relation to alcohol consumption. The representation to the
attraction of the cacha?a from Salinas, it was found that "The fame of the cacha?a and the
city" as the most prevalent among the answers. Therefore, for these students, the biggest
attraction of cacha?a of Salinas maintains a direct correlation with the marketing that has
been attributed to the cacha?a this region. However, they have believed on the factors of
quality of the cacha?a once they showed an expressive representation in the categories
involved in the production and quality as: "sensory attributes", "quality" and "manufacture
craft". / As Representa??es Sociais s?o estruturas de conhecimento individuais, compartilhadas, que
permitem a um grupo entender uma realidade, manter sua integridade, direcionar e
fundamentar suas pr?ticas. Esta pesquisa teve como prop?sito conhecer as Representa??es
Sociais da Cacha?a e a sua rela??o com o consumo de ?lcool para alunos do curso superior
Tecn?logo em Produ??o de Cacha?a do no Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais
(IFNM)-Campus Salinas, atrav?s do diagn?stico dos fatores que motivaram o ingresso desses
jovens neste curso; identificando se o consumo de e as concep??es sobre cacha?a pelos jovens
foram afetados pelo seu ingresso no curso, bem como os fatores que os alunos relacionam
com ato de beber cacha?a como: ocasi?es, companhias, a correla??o com os h?bitos
familiares, os riscos ? sa?de e problemas sociais. A pesquisa foi realizada no IFNMG, no ano
de 2010, com quarenta e oito alunos do curso superior de Tecnologia em Produ??o de
Cacha?a e consistiu de tr?s etapas: 1-a caracteriza??o socioecon?mica dos discentes com um
roteiro estruturado; 2-a avalia??o do conhecimento dos alunos sobre cacha?a que
compreendeu a utiliza??o de uma escala do tipo Likert de cinco pontos; 3- a pesquisa de
representa??o social da cacha?a com roteiro constru?do com quest?es abertas, a fim de
incentivar o discurso, sendo os discursos gravados, transcritos e analisados pela t?cnica do
Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, com base na teoria das Representa??es Sociais, utilizando o
software Qualiquantisoft. Assim, verificou-se que o universo dos sujeitos do presente estudo
apresenta um predom?nio de mulheres (62,5%) e a faixa et?ria de 18 a 21 anos de idade
(56,2%). A sua maioria (87%), concluiu o ensino m?dio em escola p?blica, em curso regular
(90%) e s?o residentes em ?rea urbana (81%) no munic?pio de Salinas (86%). Nas
representa??es sociais sobre o consumo de ?lcool, os sujeitos desta pesquisa apresentam
atitudes predominantemente desfavor?veis ao consumo de bebidas alco?licas; n?o acreditam
que os jovens bebam por ?se sentirem tristes ou aborrecidos? ou para ?se sentirem mais
integrados e identificados com o seu grupo?; as motiva??es mais favor?veis sobre o consumo
de bebida alco?lica foram ?para relaxar ou acalmar os nervos? e ?para se sentirem mais
adultos?. Quanto ao Conhecimento e Cren?as eles acreditam que o ?lcool ?pode causar
depend?ncia f?sica? e o consumo de cacha?a ?ajuda a descontrair/ desinibir?.
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Planejamento Estrat?gico no Ambiente de Redes Interorganizacionais: um estudo comparativo. / Strategic Planning in Inter-Worknets Environment: a comparative study.Lima, Rafael de Paiva 14 August 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-14 / The present work analyses the traditional enterprise environment and the environment of
inter-worknets networks when elaborating the Strategic Planning (SP). For this, start with the
premise that the main topic of organizational change, at the last decades, includes the
structure of organizations. These changes are a reaction of the organizations to the
merchandizing intense pressures that amplified the level of competitivity. In such case, the
establishment of contributing relations appeared as a strong tool of organizational
development, however caused a change on the way of observing the enterprises. Under this
context, the traditional strategic planning becomes an analyzed target in virtue of this new
organizational environment that is formed when the conception of the structures at networks
of enterprises. The general objective in this dissertation consist to promote a comparative
analysis of the process of Strategic Planning (SP) between an enterprise of traditional pattern
and an inter-worknets networks, in function of the contrast among the organizational
environments. For this, will be analyzed the construction of the strategic planning at a
traditional enterprise environment (only one enterprise) establishing a comparison with the
same process at an inter-worknet network (enterprises in network). It is suppose that the
network organizational environment differs from the traditional organizational environment.
This way, the process of strategic planning is different by strength of structural divergence
among the organizational environments. The objective of this study is to explain possible
divergences at the elaboration of the SP between the environments in this study called:
traditional and inter-worknets networks. Supplementary the study presume that the process of
strategic planning permit the access of information and privileged recourses that processed
enables the development of the knowledge of organizations and becomes an important tool to
the organizational development. Such suppositions and objectives were reached based on a
structured questionary and personal interview with managers of Strategic Planning of the two
researched enterprises. Both of them are recognized on the national and international scenario
representing the relevance of the study. / O presente trabalho analisa o ambiente empresarial tradicional e o ambiente de redes
interorganizacionais quando da elabora??o do planejamento estrat?gico (PE). Para tal, partese
da premissa de que o principal t?pico de mudan?a organizacional, nas ?ltimas d?cadas,
envolve a estrutura das organiza??es. Tais mudan?as s?o rea??es das organiza??es ?s fortes
press?es mercadol?gicas que elevaram o n?vel de competitividade. Assim, o estabelecimento
de rela??es colaboradoras surgiu como forte ferramenta de desenvolvimento empresarial,
entretanto acarretou na mudan?a da forma com que se observam as empresas. Neste contexto,
o planejamento estrat?gico tradicional torna-se alvo de an?lise em virtude deste novo
ambiente organizacional que se forma quando da concep??o de estruturas em redes de
empresas. O objetivo geral nesta disserta??o consiste em promover uma an?lise comparativa
do processo de Planejamento Estrat?gico (PE) entre uma empresa de formato tradicional e
uma rede interorganizacional, em fun??o do contraste entre os ambientes organizacionais.
Para tanto, ser? analisada a constru??o do planejamento estrat?gico em um ambiente
empresarial tradicional (uma ?nica empresa) estabelecendo uma compara??o com o mesmo
processo em uma rede interorganizacional (empresas em rede). Sup?e-se que o ambiente
organizacional em rede difere-se do ambiente organizacional tradicional. Desta forma, o
processo de planejamento estrat?gico ? diferenciado por for?a da diverg?ncia estrutural entre
os ambientes organizacionais. O objetivo do presente estudo ? interpretar poss?veis
diverg?ncias na elabora??o do PE entre os ambientes neste estudo denominados: tradicional e
redes interorganizacionais. Complementarmente o estudo sup?e que este processo de
planejamento estrat?gico permite o acesso a informa??es e recursos privilegiados que
processados possibilitam o desenvolvimento do conhecimento das organiza??es e, portanto,
torna-se ferramenta importante para o desenvolvimento organizacional. Tais suposi??es e
objetivos foram atingidos com base em question?rio estruturado e entrevista pessoal com os
gestores de Planejamento Estrat?gico das duas empresas pesquisadas. Ambas s?o
reconhecidas no cen?rio nacional e internacional representando a relev?ncia do estudo.
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