Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-01T17:07:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Juliana Mariano Torres.pdf: 1156662 bytes, checksum: 6ae713d0002e13c804fc2eba73bd8f5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T17:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Juliana Mariano Torres.pdf: 1156662 bytes, checksum: 6ae713d0002e13c804fc2eba73bd8f5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq. / The increase in life expectancy is a worldwide occurrence that shows the relative success of public health politics, and Brazil is among the countries where people are living longer and in better physical health. But the increase in life expectancy has a negative effect: the appearance of degenerative diseases typical of old age, including several forms of dementia, like Alzheimer?s Disease (AD) that is certainly the most important. It is an irreversible and progressive disease characterized by neuronal deterioration that results in loss of cognitive functions such as memory, communication skills, judgment and reasoning. Donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine are medicines used for the treatment of AD and act reversibly inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Evidences suggest that the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), closely related to AChE, plays a significant role in AD because it is involved in neural functions such as cholinergic co-regulation and non-cholinergic neurotransmission. The aim of this research is to provide new substances with anticholinesterase action by using ?-carboline derivatives from the natural product harmane and carry out a kinetic study to determine the inhibition profile of the enzymes AChE e BChE, which could help in the discovery of new compounds which could be useful in the treatment of AD. Firstly, a screening was carried out with seven ?-carboline derivatives. In a second stage, a kinetic investigation, employing Ellman?s method, was run with these compounds and all of them presented high anticholinesterase action for both AChE and BChE. All seven derivatives presented a non-competitive reversible inhibition. / Torres, Juliana Mariano. ESTUDO CIN?TICO DA ATIVIDADE ANTICOLINESTER?SICA DE DERIVADOS -CARBOL?NICOS DO PRODUTO NATURAL HARMANA. 2011. Disserta??o (mestrado em Qu?mica Org?nica). Instituto de Ci?ncias Exatas, Departamento de Qu?mica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. O aumento da expectativa de vida ? um fen?meno mundial que mostra o relativo sucesso de pol?ticas de sa?de p?blica, e o Brasil se inclui entre os pa?ses em que as pessoas est?o vivendo por mais tempo e em condi??es melhores de sa?de. No entanto, o aumento da expectativa de vida tem como efeito negativo o aparecimento de doen?as degenerativas, t?picas de idades mais avan?adas, incluindo-se as v?rias formas de dem?ncia e entre estas, a mais importante ?, sem d?vida, a Doen?a de Alzheimer (DA), patologia irrevers?vel e progressiva caracterizada pela deteriora??o neuronal que resulta em perda de fun??es cognitivas, tais como mem?ria, capacidade de comunica??o, julgamento e racioc?nio. Para o tratamento da DA s?o utilizados f?rmacos como o donepezil, galantamina e rivastigmina, os quais agem inibindo revers?velmente a acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Evid?ncias sugerem que a enzima butirilcolinesterase (BChE), intimamente relacionada com a AChE, tem um papel significante na DA, uma vez que est? envolvida em fun??es neurais tais como a corregula??o da neurotransmiss?o colin?rgica e n?o-colin?rgica. Esta pesquisa pretendeu estudar novas subst?ncias com a??o anticolinester?sica utilizando derivados -carbol?nicos do produto natural harmana, bem como fazer um estudo cin?tico a fim de descobrir qual o perfil de inibi??o das enzimas AChE e BChE, a fim de buscar novos compostos que poderiam ser ?teis no tratamento dos sintomas da DA. Desta forma, foi efetuada preliminarmente uma triagem com 7 derivados -carbol?nicos e posteriormente foi realizada uma investiga??o cin?tica com estes compostos, uma vez que, todos apresentaram alta a??o anticolinester?sica tanto para AChE quanto para BChE. A cin?tica enzim?tica foi estudada segundo o m?todo de Ellman. Contudo, observou-se que todos os 7 derivados apresentaram uma inibi??o revers?vel n?o competitiva.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-05T14:09:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2002 Jane Ara?jo Baptista.pdf: 1264077 bytes, checksum: 40b93a67e37e2aad7edfc01cc029f2c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:09:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2002 Jane Ara?jo Baptista.pdf: 1264077 bytes, checksum: 40b93a67e37e2aad7edfc01cc029f2c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-03-27 / We have studied the influence of using 6 different coefficients of similarity when grouping 16 varieties of rice analyzed by the RAPD technique. DNA samples of these varieties were amplified using 20 primers, only 15 (75%) of which produced amplified fragments, compresing 90 of these were polimorphic fragments. The analysis of the band, profile produced a ?fingerprint?. For the calculation of the similarity index several coefficients were tested: Nei & Li, Jaccard, Ochiai, Russel & Rao, Simple Matching and Rogers & Tanimoto. Comparison among them was carried out through the evaluation of the dendrograms generated by the UPGMA algorithm and by the correlations between the genetic pitches. The coefficients of Nei & Li, Jaccard, and Ochiai discriminated the varieties in three main groups according to their genetic similarities. Our results show that the coefficients of Nei & Li, Jaccard and Ochiai adjusted better the groups with hight genetic similarities. While the coefficients Simple Matching and Rogers & Tanimoto were not as efficient, banding together varieties that are genetically different. In experiments, with the objective to studies the effect of levels (20 or 60 mg N/L) e forms of N (NH4 + and NO3 -) under the kinetics parameters, proton extrusion, the activity of the N-assimilation enzymes and the N-partition in the plant, were conducted in greenhouse, using 5 upland rice varieties (Lageado, IAC 47, Dobradinho, Agulha e Bico Ganga), in nutrient solution. It was observed an ample variation of the kinetics parameters and biochemists, and a distinguishing behavior among varieties in the uptake and use of N. The varieties Agulha and IAC-47 had presented the best combination of KM, Vm?x, GS/GOGAT in conditions of hight avaibility of N- NO3 -, and Bico Ganga, in conditions of low avaibility of N- NO3 - in nutrient solution. In another experiment, with the objective to study the assimilation and remobiliza??o of N in season nitrate conditions, used varieties Sagrim?o, Goiano, Zebu, Agulha, IAC 1278, IR08, Comum Branco, IAC 47 e Ligeiro had been cultivated in nutritional solution. The N-assimilation enzymes were estudied in the leaf blades and root of 62 and 69 days old rice plants, under 20 and 200 mg mgN-NO3 -/L. Under higher nitrate supply had increase the activity of the NR, GS and GOGAT in rice plants. The GS activities had been low in roots, in comparison with the activities observed in leaf. The GOGAT activity was bigger in roots, in both the treatments. The GDH-A activity occurred mainly in tessues foliar. The GDH-D activity occurred in leaf as in roots. The GDH-D activity not occurred in tissues foliar. The activity of the enzymes of N-assimilation was higher in tissues foliar. These results seem indicate the leaves as the main site of NH4 +-N assimilation in rice plants under higher NO3 --supply. / Neste trabalho avaliaram-se as altera??es provocadas por 6 diferentes coeficientes de similaridade no agrupamento de 16 variedades de arroz analisadas pela t?cnica de RAPD. Amostras de DNA das variedades foram amplificadas com 20 iniciadores, sendo 15 (75%) produziram fragmentos amplificados, resultando em 90 fragmentos polim?rficos. A an?lise dos resultados se constituiu na descri??o do padr?o de bandas. Para o c?lculo do coeficiente de similaridade foram testados os coeficientes Nei & Li, Jaccard, Ochiai, Russel & Rao, Simple Matching e Rogers & Tanimoto, sendo as compara??es entre eles realizadas pela avalia??o dos dendrogramas gerados pelo algoritmo UPGMA e pelas correla??es entre as dist?ncias gen?ticas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os melhores coeficientes para determina??o da similaridade foram os de Nei & Li, de Jaccard e de Ochiai que foram capazes de agrupar as variedades com alta similaridade, enquanto os coeficientes Simple Matching e de Rogers & Tanimoto foram ligeiramente inferiores colocando variedades distantes no mesmo grupo. Em experimentos objetivando analisar o efeito de n?veis (20 e 60 mg N/L) e formas de N (NH4 + e NO3 -) sob os par?metros cin?ticos de absor??o, a extrus?o de pr?tons, a atividade das enzimas de assimila??o de N, e a parti??o de N na planta, usou-se 5 variedades de arroz-de-sequeiro (Lageado, IAC 47, Dobradinho, Agulha e Bico Ganga), cultivadas em solu??o nutritiva. Houve um comportamento diferencial entre as variedades quanta ? capacidade de absor??o e uso de N. As variedades Agulha e IAC 47 apresentaram a melhor combina??o de KM, Vm?x, GS/GOGAT em condi??es de alta disponibilidade de N-NO3 -, e a variedade Bico Ganga, sob condi??es de baixa disponibilidade de N. Noutro experimento, objetivando estudar a assimila??o e remobiliza??o de N em condi??es sazonais de N, utilizou-se as variedades Sagrim?o, Goiano, Zebu, Agulha, IAC 1278, IR 08, Comum Branco, IAC 25 e Ligeiro, com 62 e 69 dias de idade, cultivadas em solu??o nutritiva, com 20 e 200 mg N-NO3 -/L. O aumento no suprimento de N aumentou a atividade da NR, da GS e GOGAT. A atividade de NR ocorreu em ra?zes e na parte a?rea. A atividade da GS foi baixa em ra?zes. A atividade da GOGAT foi maior nas ra?zes, em ambos os tratamentos. A atividade de GDH-A ocorreu principalmente em tecidos foliares. A atividade de GDHD ocorreu tanto em folhas como em ra?zes. A atividade das enzimas de assimila??o de N foi superior nas folhas, indicando serem estas os principais s?tios de incorpora??o de am?nio em amino?cidos, quando plantas de arroz s?o submetidas a altos n?veis de NO3 -.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-11T14:28:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Jonatas de Aguiar Ferreira.pdf: 582914 bytes, checksum: cf08766dd08ac2ba431524c048eecb30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T14:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Jonatas de Aguiar Ferreira.pdf: 582914 bytes, checksum: cf08766dd08ac2ba431524c048eecb30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / In this research, the drying kinetics and equilibrium conditions during osmotic dehydration of chayote (Sechium edule, Sw.) were studied using 20, 30 and 40 % (w/v) sucrose solutions. A thermostatic bath was built to allow the experimental evaluation of osmotic dehydration kinetics and equilibrium moisture content determination. The experiments were carried out at three different temperatures (30 ?C, 40 ?C and 50 ?C) in order to evaluate the influence of temperature and sucrose concentration. Chayote fruits were washed and submerged in sodium hypochloride solution for ten minutes, for sanitization. Afterwards, the fruits were dried and cut into slices of about 0.5 cm thickness. Then, the slices were put into hypertonic sucrose solutions during preestablished time intervals. After osmotic dehydration, the solution was discarded and the slices were softly dried with absorbent paper to remove surface moisture. The moisture content was determined gravimetrically. Long time experiments up to 96 h were performed to provide information about the equilibrium moisture content. An specific equilibrium isotherm was selected by statistical methods. The correlation that better described equilibrium moisture content behavior was the Smith sorption isotherm, adapted to osmotic environment. The Overhults model was used to describe osmotic dehydration kinetics and estimate the drying constants k and n. Based on the results obtained in this research, it could be demonstrated that the equilibrium moisture content is strongly influenced by sucrose concentration and that k is a parameter dependent on the temperature and sucrose concentration, whereas n may be considered constant for the given experimental setup. / Neste trabalho foi feito um estudo da desidrata??o osm?tica de fatias de chuchu em um sistema que possibilitou a determina??o da umidade de equil?brio e dos coeficientes do modelo de Overhults para descrever a cin?tica de desidrata??o osm?tica das fatias. O procedimento experimental consistiu em lavar e escovar os frutos, para a remo??o de impurezas da casca, fatiar o chuchu, em fatias de 5 mm de espessura, num fatiador dom?stico de alimentos, submeter o material ? desidrata??o osm?tica em solu??o hipert?nica de sacarose a 20,30 e 40%, por at? 96 horas, tomando amostras em per?odos determinados para levantar a curva de desidrata??o do material e tamb?m determinar a umidade de equil?brio das fatias de chuchu como uma fun??o da concentra??o inicial da solu??o hipert?nica e da temperatura. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi poss?vel determinar os par?metros do modelo de Overhults para as fatias de chuchu, bem como a uma correla??o para a umidade de equil?brio do material e constatar que h? forte influ?ncia da temperatura e da concentra??o sobre a cin?tica de desidrata??o osm?tica do chuchu, que cerca de 50 % da umidade das amostras ? removida nas primeiras duas horas de imers?o, que a umidade de equil?brio ? atingida em cerca de 48 horas de imers?o e que o modelo de Overhults descreve satisfatoriamente as curvas de desidrata??o osm?tica.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-11-21T16:44:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Beatriz Autullo Ramos.pdf: 1610426 bytes, checksum: c3defc33414fda5b010152756fc0f0ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T16:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Beatriz Autullo Ramos.pdf: 1610426 bytes, checksum: c3defc33414fda5b010152756fc0f0ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / CAPES / FAPERJ / The aim of this study was to obtain the sorption isotherms, analyze the kinetics of drying jatropha seeds, perform mathematical modeling of sorption isotherms and kinetic experiments, and to study the thermodynamics of the process. Seeds with initial moisture content of 8-10%, dry basis, were used. The sorption isotherms were found using two experimental devices: a water activity meter and a thermal bath with temperatures adjusted at 30, 40 and 50 ?C for the first apparatus and 40, 50 and 60 ?C for the second one. To obtain the sorption isotherms with a thermal bath the method of saturated saline solutions of MgCl2, K2CO3, KI, NaCl, and NaBrO3 was applied and the time to reach equilibrium was, generally, 20 days. Nine kinetic experiments were performed setting temperatures at 30, 40 and 50 ?C, and the superficial gas velocity at 397, 794 and 1190 cm/min, with duration of three hundred and sixty minutes. Oswin's mathematical model was the best to describe the hygroscopic behavior of the isotherms found with the water activity meter, while Caurie's model was the best for the thermal bath data, because they showed the lowest deviations and the highest coefficients of determination. ANOVA indicated that only the water activity has significant influence over the equilibrium moisture on the sorption isotherm experiments, in both equipments. Nine mathematical models were tested to simulate the kinetics and the ?two exponential terms? model presented the lowest deviations and highest coefficients of determination. It was observed that the temperature and superficial gas velocity did not significantly influence the kinetic experiments. For calculation of the thermodynamic properties the models that best fitted the data of the two experiments to obtain the sorption isotherms were used. The positive values of the differential enthalpy and entropy for both studies showed that the sorption process of jatropha seeds is endothermic and irreversible. The negative values of the Gibbs free energy variation for both studies indicated that the sorption process occurs spontaneously for the temperature conditions evaluated. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was applied satisfactorily and Krug?s test showed that the isokinetic temperature was different from the harmonic mean temperature in both studies. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter as isotermas de sor??o, analisar a cin?tica de secagem da semente do pinh?o-manso, realizar a modelagem matem?tica dos experimentos da isoterma de equil?brio e de cin?tica, e o estudo termodin?mico do processo. Utilizaram-se sementes com teor de umidade inicial de 8 a 10 %, em base seca. Os experimentos de determina??o da isoterma de equil?brio foram realizados utilizando dois equipamentos: o medidor de atividade de ?gua e o banho t?rmico, com faixas de temperatura de 30, 40 e 50 ?C, para o primeiro, e de 40, 50 e 60 ?C, para o segundo. As isotermas obtidas pelo banho t?rmico foram obtidas atrav?s do m?todo das solu??es salinas saturadas de MgCl2, K2CO3, KI, NaCl e NaBrO3 e o tempo para atingir o equil?brio foi, em geral, de 20 dias. Foram realizados nove experimentos de cin?tica, nas temperaturas de 30, 40 e 50 ?C, com velocidade superficial do g?s de 397, 794 e 1190 cm/min, com dura??o de trezentos e sessenta minutos. O melhor modelo matem?tico selecionado para descrever o comportamento higrosc?pico das isotermas foi o Oswin, para o medidor de atividade de ?gua, e o de Caurie, para o banho t?rmico, pois apresentaram os menores desvios e os maiores coeficientes de determina??o. Atrav?s da ANOVA verificou-se que somente a atividade de ?gua apresentou influencia significativa sobre a umidade de equil?brio para os experimentos de isoterma, em ambos os equipamentos. Nove modelos matem?ticos foram testados para a simula??o da cin?tica sendo que o modelo de ?Dois termos exponenciais? apresentou os menores desvios e os maiores coeficientes de determina??o. Observou-se que a temperatura e a velocidade superficial do g?s n?o influenciaram significativamente os experimentos de cin?tica. Para os c?lculos das propriedades termodin?micas foram utilizados os modelos que melhor ajustaram os dados dos dois experimentos para obten??o das isotermas de sor??o. Os valores positivos de entalpia e entropia diferencial, para ambos os estudos, mostraram que o processo de sor??o de ?gua nos gr?os de pinh?o-manso ? endot?rmico e irrevers?vel. Os valores negativos da varia??o da energia livre de Gibbs, para os dois estudos, indicaram que o processo de sor??o ocorre de forma espont?nea para as condi??es de temperatura avaliadas. A teoria compensat?ria entalpia-entropia foi aplicada de forma satisfat?ria, e o teste de Krug mostrou que a temperatura isocin?tica foi diferente da temperatura m?dia harm?nica nos dois estudos realizados.

<p>A previous model of morphological pathogenesis assumed that cervical carcinoma is of monoclonal origin and progresses through multiple steps from normal epithelium via CINS into invasive carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia. </p><p>In the clonality study, we found that 75% (6/8) of informative cases of cervical carcinoma had identical patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the multiple synchronous lesions, while the remaining cases had different LOU patterns. In an extensively studied "golden case", the multiple carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions could be divided into several different clonal groups by the X-chromosome inactivation patterns, HPV 16 mutations and LOH patterns. The biggest clonal family included one CIN II, one CIN III and four carcinoma samples, while four other monoclonal families of carcinoma did not include CIN lesions. These results suggested that cervical carcinoma can be either monoclonal or polygonal and contains clones developing either directly or via multiple steps. In the study of HPV types and HPV16 variations, the results confirmed that specific HPV types are the cause of cervical carcinoma but failed to support the previous opinion that HPV16 E6 variants are more malignant than the prototype. We established a novel classification called oncogene lineage of HPV16, and found that additional variations of HPV 16 oncogenes might be a weak further risk factor for cervical carcinoma. In the study of LOH, we found that interstitial deletion of two common regions of chromosome 3p, i.e., 3p2l.1-3p2l.3, and 3p22, was an early event in the development of cervical carcinoma. The results showed that the hMLH1 gene, located in 3p22 and showing LOH in 43% of the studied cases, was not involved in the development of cervical carcinoma because neither the expression level of protein nor the gene sequence was altered in these cases. </p><p>In summary, a suggested model of molecular pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma is as follows. Specific types of HPV infect one or more committed stem cells in the basal layer of the epithelium. Fully efficient LOH events turn one (monoclonal origin) or more (polyclonal origin) HPV-infected stem cells into carcinoma cells without CIN steps. Less efficient LOH events would lead to CIN steps where some other unknown factors require to be added to facilitate the formation of carcinoma. In the absence of LOH events no carcinoma develops from the HPV-infected stem cells.</p>

A previous model of morphological pathogenesis assumed that cervical carcinoma is of monoclonal origin and progresses through multiple steps from normal epithelium via CINS into invasive carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia. In the clonality study, we found that 75% (6/8) of informative cases of cervical carcinoma had identical patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the multiple synchronous lesions, while the remaining cases had different LOU patterns. In an extensively studied "golden case", the multiple carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions could be divided into several different clonal groups by the X-chromosome inactivation patterns, HPV 16 mutations and LOH patterns. The biggest clonal family included one CIN II, one CIN III and four carcinoma samples, while four other monoclonal families of carcinoma did not include CIN lesions. These results suggested that cervical carcinoma can be either monoclonal or polygonal and contains clones developing either directly or via multiple steps. In the study of HPV types and HPV16 variations, the results confirmed that specific HPV types are the cause of cervical carcinoma but failed to support the previous opinion that HPV16 E6 variants are more malignant than the prototype. We established a novel classification called oncogene lineage of HPV16, and found that additional variations of HPV 16 oncogenes might be a weak further risk factor for cervical carcinoma. In the study of LOH, we found that interstitial deletion of two common regions of chromosome 3p, i.e., 3p2l.1-3p2l.3, and 3p22, was an early event in the development of cervical carcinoma. The results showed that the hMLH1 gene, located in 3p22 and showing LOH in 43% of the studied cases, was not involved in the development of cervical carcinoma because neither the expression level of protein nor the gene sequence was altered in these cases. In summary, a suggested model of molecular pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma is as follows. Specific types of HPV infect one or more committed stem cells in the basal layer of the epithelium. Fully efficient LOH events turn one (monoclonal origin) or more (polyclonal origin) HPV-infected stem cells into carcinoma cells without CIN steps. Less efficient LOH events would lead to CIN steps where some other unknown factors require to be added to facilitate the formation of carcinoma. In the absence of LOH events no carcinoma develops from the HPV-infected stem cells.

Devant le défi grandissant de diminuer la libération dans l'atmosphère des gaz à effet de serre plusieurs solutions ont été envisagées. Une des plus étudiée est le stockage géologique du CO2 par injection dans des aquifères salins profonds. Ces structures géologiques sont présentes dans les bassins sédimentaires et se caractérisent par leur épaisseur (plusieurs centaines de mètres) et leur étendue géographique (l'ensemble du bassin parisien, par exemple, pour la couche du Dogger). Le second interêt de ces structures est que les roches carbonatées qui les composent sont généralement très poreuses (10 à 30% de porosité) et présentent une perméabilité suffisamment élevée pour faciliter l'injection de fluides. Cependant, le comportement et l'évolution à long terme de ces réservoirs, après l'injection de CO2 dans la saumure en place, est incertain. Aussi, la résistance mécanique et les propriétés d'écoulement de ces roches sont étudiées pour réaliser des modèles prédictifs d'évolution, afin de garantir l'intégrité et la pérennité des sites de stockage. Le travail de cette thèse repose sur un protocole d'acidification retardée, développé et utilisé à l'IFPEN, permettant une altération homogène d'échantillons de carbonates. Notre objectif a été de déterminer les effets de ce type d'altération sur le comportement hydromécanique de la roche calcaire de Lavoux. La caractérisation des propriétés d'écoulement de la roche a été combinée à une étude microstructurale. Les paramètres étudiés sont la porosité et la perméabilité avant et après altération. Les résultats d'évolution de la perméabilité ont été analysés en s'appuyant sur une méthode de soustraction d'images de microtomographie RX, qui permet de visualiser la mobilité de particules fines au sein du réseau poreux. Ces dernières sont aussi révélées à postériori dans les effluents par diffraction laser. L'étude microstructurale de la roche après altération a permis la mise en évidence des mécanismes de dissolution et d'altération. Le comportement mécanique de notre roche à différents stades d'altération a été étudié à l'aide d'essais triaxiaux classiques réalisés à différents états de confinement. Ces essais ont montré que l'altération induit une transition du domaine de rupture fragile vers le domaine de rupture ductile. Afin de mieux comprendre ce comportement, nous avons mené des essais mécaniques uniaxiaux avec observation et acquisition d'images numériques " in-situ " : i) sur une presse électromécanique classique équipée de caméras CCD et de microscopie optique, ii) à l'aide d'un dispositif de compression miniaturisé adapté à l'enceinte d'un microscope électronique à balayage. La technique de corrélation d'images numériques a pu être appliquée tout au long du chargement mécanique à différentes échelles, depuis celle de l'échantillon, jusqu'à celle de la microstructure. Les mesures de champs de déformation ainsi réalisées ont permis de mettre en évidence les modes d'endommagement et de rupture selon l'état d'altération. Une cellule triaxiale miniaturisée pour être montée dans l'enceinte du microtomographe a spécialement été développée à l'IFPEN pour cette étude. Cette cellule nous a permis de mener des essais à 5 et 10 MPa de confinement avec observation volumique " in-situ " par tomographie. Nous avons pu identifier pour trois états d'altération, trois types de comportements à la rupture, avec l'observation i) d'une bande de cisaillement en régime de rupture fragile, ii) d'une étroite bande de cisaillement en compaction, iii) d'une large bande de compaction en cisaillement. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus sur les propriétés mécaniques et sur les propriétés d'écoulement (notamment la variation de perméabilité et la présence de fines dans le réseau poreux) tend à montrer que l'altération affecte fortement la microporosité du calcaire, avec des conséquences quant au comportement cisaillant compactant de notre roche.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-12T18:27:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelinneCostaAlexandrino_TESE.pdf: 3367753 bytes, checksum: c56321a7ee935dea3023d07d501a15bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-13T20:12:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelinneCostaAlexandrino_TESE.pdf: 3367753 bytes, checksum: c56321a7ee935dea3023d07d501a15bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T20:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelinneCostaAlexandrino_TESE.pdf: 3367753 bytes, checksum: c56321a7ee935dea3023d07d501a15bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / H? d?cadas que a produ??o de combust?veis alternativos visando ? substitui??o do petr?leo e de seus derivados tem despertado o interesse de muitos pesquisadores em todo o planeta. Biodiesel ? uma alternativa renov?vel, o qual pode ser produzido a partir de ?leos residuais, gorduras animais e ?leos vegetais atrav?s do processo de transesterifica??o heterog?nea utilizando ?lcoois. Nesse contexto, catalisadores heterog?neos t?m se apresentado como potencial na produ??o de biodiesel em raz?o da possibilidade do seu reuso e por ser um processo mais limpo e eficiente. No presente trabalho, carv?o ativado obtido da pir?lise do lodo de esgoto (C.A), Mo2C, Mo2C/C.A e Ni (20%)-Mo2C/C.A foram avaliados no processo de transesterifica??o met?lica do ?leo de soja refinado visando ? produ??o de biodiesel. O carv?o do lodo foi tratado com o KOH no sentido de abrir os poros e promover maior ?rea especifica de contato, seguido de ativa??o f?sica. Os catalisadores a base de molibd?nio foram sintetizados a partir da rea??o g?s-s?lido utilizando como precursor heptamolibdato de am?nio e uma mistura de CH4/H2. Todos os materiais foram caracterizados utilizando as an?lises de TG, DRX, FRX, MEV, B.E.T e granulometria a laser. O processo de transesterifica??o foi avaliado em um reator de mistura constitu?do de um sistema de aquecimento e refluxo da fase alco?lica. Em temperatura constante de 65 oC, as condi??es operacionais estudadas para a rea??o foram: a natureza e concentra??o m?ssica (1 a 5%) do catalisador em rela??o ? massa do ?leo, a raz?o molar ?leo/?lcool (1/6 a 1/18), o pH do meio reacional (2,0 a 8,5), o tempo de rea??o (3 e 5 h) e a velocidade de agita??o da fase l?quida (450 e 600 rpm). Para todas as condi??es e demais catalisadores, o biodiesel foi produzido. A convers?o m?xima do ?leo de soja encontrada foi de 27,34%, no estudo cin?tico, para o catalisador Mo2C/C.A nas condi??es operacionais de 1% de catalisador, 6 h de rea??o, raz?o molar ?leo/?lcool de 1/12 e pH = 5. Na an?lise de caracteriza??o de uma amostra de biodiesel produzido o ponto de fulgor apresentou valor de 141 ?C, o qual est? acima do m?nimo especificado pela ANP. Um modelo cin?tico pseudo homog?neo foi utilizado, para o catalisador Mo2C/C.A atrav?s do qual foi mostrado que os resultados experimentais se ajustaram satisfatoriamente a uma cin?tica de 1? ordem, cuja constante cin?tica de velocidade teve como valor 0,0009 min-1. / For decades, the production of environment-friendly fuels, as alternative power sources for oil, has gained attention and interest of researchers worldwide. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel that can be obtained from residual oils, animal fat and vegetable oils through heterogeneous transesterification reaction using alcohol. In this context, heterogeneous catalyst present potential for biodiesel production as they can be regenerated and provide a cleaner and more efficient process. In this work, several molybdenum carbide catalysts were tested for the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol towards producing biodiesel. These catalysts were pure Mo2C, Mo2C supported over activated carbon (A.C), pure A.C and bimetallic Ni (20%)-Mo2C/A.C being this support produced from sewage sludge pyrolysis. The pyrolysis product was treated with KOH, in order to increase its porosity and promote a larger specific surface area, and later physically activated. Gas solid reaction with CH4 and H2 atmosphere was used to produce the studied molybdenum derived catalysts, and ammonium molybdate was used as molybdenum source in all cases. All catalysts were characterized in a TG, XDR, XFR, SEM, B.E.T and laser particle size analysis basis. Their activity towards transesterification reaction was evaluated by using a mixing reactor with temperature control and alcohol reflux at 65 ?C. The parameters that were manipulated for this experimental evaluation were: type and mass concentration of the catalyst (1 to 5%), oil/alcohol ratio (1/6 to 1/18), pH (2.0 to 8.5), reaction time (3 and 5h) and liquid phase agitation speed (450 and 600 rpm). For all conditions and other catalysts, biodiesel was produced. The maximum conversion found was 27.34% for the Mo2C/A.C catalyst under the operating conditions of 1% catalyst, 6 h reaction, oil/alcohol ration of 1/12 and pH = 5. In the characterization analysis of a sample of biodiesel produced the flash point presented a value of 141 ?C, which is above the minimum specified by the ANP. A pseudo homogeneous kinetics model was used, and experimental data presented agreement with a 1st order reaction with speed rate constant of 0,0009 min-1.

Background: O câncer de colo uterino é um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. Atinge cerca de meio milhão de mulheres, sendo que 50 % destas morrem. Os métodos visuais, alternativos á citologia e viáveis para países em desenvolvimento, têm sido avaliados mais intensamente na última década. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho da Fotografia Cervical Digital (FCD) na detecção do câncer do colo de útero e de suas lesões precursoras. Métodos: 176 mulheres foram avaliadas pelos métodos de Inspeção Visual com ácido acético (VIA), Inspeção Visual com lugol (VILI), Fotografia Cervical Digital com ácido acético (FCDA) e Fotografia Cervical Digital com lugol (FCDL). Destas, 36 foram classificadas pela histologia. Resultados: A concordância entre avaliadores observou valores de Kappa: Fotografia Cervical Digital com ácido acético, K=0,441, e Fotografia Cervical Digital com lugol, K=0,533. A concordância entre as inspeções a olho nu e as fotografias cervicais digitais após a utilização de ácido acético no colo uterino, K=0,559, e a concordância após a utilização da solução de lugol, K=0,507, considerada como concordância moderada em ambos os casos. Das 36 pacientes com avaliações histológicas, 20 dos 25 casos positivos foram corretamente avaliados tanto pela FCDA, como pela FCDL, demonstrando resultados similares aos descritos anteriormente. Conclusão: A FCD é um método promissor para o rastreamento do câncer de colo de útero e suas lesões precursoras, para países em desenvolvimento. / Background: Uterine cervix cancer is a major public health problem in Brazil and in the world. It affects half a million women with a death rate of 50%. The visual, alternative methods to cytology, considered viable for developing countries, are being assessed more intensively in the last decade. Objective: To evaluate the performance of Cervical Digital Photography (CDP) in detecting cervical cancer and its precursory lesions. Methods: A total of 176 women were evaluated by the following methods: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA), Visual Inspection with Lugol’s Iodine (VILI), Cervical Digital Photography with Acetic Acid (CDPA) and Cervical Digital Photography with Lugol’s Iodine (CDPL). Among these, 36 were classified by histology. Results: The correlation between evaluators observed Kappa values: Cervical Digital Photography with acetic acid, K = 0.441, and Cervical Digital Photography with Lugol's Iodine, K = 0.533. The correlation between the naked eye and cervical digital photography inspection after using acetic acid in the uterine cervix, K = 0.559, and the correlation after using Lugol's Iodine solution, K = 0.507, were regarded as moderate in both cases. Of the 36 patients with histological evaluation, 20 of the 25 positive cases were correctly assessed both by the CDPA as well as by CDPL, showing similar results than those described previously. Conclusion: CDP is considered a more promising method for screening the uterine cervix cancer and its precursory lesions in developing countries.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12661a.pdf: 1894354 bytes, checksum: 39e63c18340aaa8ae1aee1ec0b447c39 (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 Publico-12661a.pdf: 1894354 bytes, checksum: 39e63c18340aaa8ae1aee1ec0b447c39 (MD5) Publico-12661b.pdf: 1881342 bytes, checksum: 92081544fa53e07e990b31d9fe71e6a8 (MD5) / Objetivo: O Papillomavirus humano (HPV) é o agente etiológico do câncer cervical, mas isoladamente é incapaz de induzir a oncogênese. A progressão para as lesões invasoras está associada à imunidade do hospedeiro, dentre as quais, a interferência no processo de apoptose celular. Entre os vários genes associados à morte celular, o gene FAS parece ser um elemento importante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se há uma associação do polimorfismo da região promotora -670 do gene FAS com a NIC 3 e o carcinoma invasivo do colo do útero. Métodos: A avaliação da presença do polimorfismo do gene FAS foi realizada através da Técnica de PCR e RFLP em amostras de sangue para o grupo controle (225 amostras) e de tecido cervical para o grupo de casos, com NIC 3 (75 casos) e carcinoma invasor (214 casos). A análise estatística foi realizada através do cálculo do Teste Exato de Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e Qui-Quadrado, sendo considerado o valor de significância de 5% ou p<0,05. Resultados: O genótipo heterozigoto (AG) do gene FAS -670 foi significativamente mais frequente no grupo de mulheres com NIC 3, com um risco estimado de 3 vezes (OR=3,0; 95% IC: 1,29-7,16), quando ajustado a idade. Não houve diferença, porém, tanto no grupo controle quanto nas mulheres com carcinoma cervical. Nenhum genótipo esteve associado a um maior risco de NIC 3 ou câncer quando comparamos idade e etnia. Nas mulheres com câncer, os genótipos foram semelhantes nos diferentes tipos histológicos (epidermóide e adenocarcinoma) e grau de diferenciação tumoral. Avaliando a distribuição alélica (A e G), não observamos diferença na frequência dos alelos nos grupos estudados. Conclusão: O polimorfismo da região promotora do gene FAS -670 esteve associado a um risco maior de lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (NIC 3), mas não para o câncer invasor do colo do útero, quando comparados ao grupo controle. / Objective: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of cervical cancer, but alone it is incapable of inducing oncogenesis. Rather, progression to invasive lesions is associated with host immunity and interference in the process of cellular apoptosis. Among the several genes involved in cell death, the FAS gene appears to be an important factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between polymorphisms of the FAS -670 gene promoter region and preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix. Methods: The FAS gene was evaluated for the presence of polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques in 225 blood samples for the control group, as well as cervical tissue from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3; 75 cases) or invasive carcinoma (214 cases). Results: The heterozygous genotype (AG) of the FAS -670 gene promoter region was significantly more frequent in women with CIN 3, with an estimated risk of three times (OR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.29 to 7.16). No difference, however, was observed in the control group and women with cervical cancer. In women with cancer, the genotypes were similar in the different histological types and degree of tumor differentiation. Assessing allelic distribution (A or G), we observed no difference in frequency of allele in studied groups. Conclusion: Polymorphism of the promoter region of the FAS -670 gene was associated with increased risk of CIN 3, but not for invasive cancer of the cervix when compared to the control group. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações