Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2004 / In South Africa, an estimated 15 million people - 38% of our population - do not have adequate sanitation. Every citizen has a constitutional right of access to basic services, which local government has the responsibility to provide. In reality such provision to people living in poverty is a daunting development challenge, exacerbated by growing unemployment and the spread of unplanned informal settlements. On the other hand, increased government investment in accelerating provision is a significant opportunity to link sanitation delivery to local economic development, as suggested in the recently revised Water Services Strategy document (DWAF, 2003). There is evidence that these two aspects of national policy can be brought together fruitfully. Community involvement, described as "a commitment to building on people's energy and creativity" (WSSCC, 2001) is consistently advocated by international, national and local government (DPLG, 2001) as essential to sanitation provision. There is broad agreement that a community-based approach is the cornerstone of sustainable service provision. This research focused on the context of urban poverty in informal settlements, taking community responses to sanitation delivery by local authorities into account. Prevailing approaches have had limited success in preventing health hazards, which relies on community-level actions to deal with poor use, inadequate maintenance and dysfunction of such sanitation services as are provided. Implicit in the principles underlying the involvement of communities are substantial community-based roles and functions that the research seeks to make explicit. Diverse local level capacities emerge as quite distinct opportunities for residents to become more actively involved in improving and sustaining their sanitation services.

Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T13:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ScarabelloFilho_Sinesio_D.pdf: 10608444 bytes, checksum: b9501d25df8ed418d696bfd9913257e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: As vantagens e a conveniência da participação pública na gestão de áreas naturais têm sido intensamente discutidas. A grande maioria dos administradores, empresas e órgãos públicos que fomentam este debate apontam a participação pública como algo vantajoso, conveniente e até necessário. No entanto, as dificuldades para se incorporar a participação pública nos processos de tomada de decisão são muitas e igualmente reconhecidas, o que tem mantido o assunto sob intenso debate. Este trabalho parte do pressuposto de que a participação pública é, de fato, necessária. Contudo, procura identificar os requisitos para que ela ocorra de forma positiva e efetiva e, principalmente, investigar a possibilidade de manutenção de uma aliança estável entre os atores sociais. Para tanto, foi instalado e observado um processo de participação pública, orientado por um modelo designado MOD - Modelo de Organização do Diálogo, concebido a partir de considerações e conclusões extraídas da bibliografia pesquisada. Três aspectos foram especialmente focalizados: a forma de organização da participação pública, o estabelecimento da articulação entre os atores sociais e as dificuldades para a tomada de decisão diante de questões complexas, relativas à gestão das áreas da Serra do Japi, localizadas no Município de Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo. Para auxiliar a tomada de decisão foi desenvolvido e aplicado outro modelo que procura representar geometricamente o sistema ambiental e, por este motivo, foi denominado MG ¿ Modelo Geométrico de Apoio à Tomada de Decisão. A aplicação do modelo ocorreu em um estudo de caso, o do loteamento denominado ¿Chácaras Serra da Ermida¿, situado no território da Serra do Japi. Além dos modelos citados, o recurso de concepção de cenários revelou-se extremamente útil para a identificação de alternativas e compreensão dos respectivos efeitos ou conseqüências. O relato do processo procura caracterizar as circunstâncias de cada momento, as dificuldades surgidas e as soluções encontradas e, no final, o trabalho propõe a idéia de complementaridade entre o artífice e a ferramenta, e procura enfatizar a importância assumida pela capacitação dos atores sociais, a partir da qual o artífice pode adquirir a habilidade necessária para o uso adequado da ferramenta / Abstract: The advantages and suitability of citizen participation in the management of protected areas have been discussed intensely. Most of de managers, companies and public agencies that foment this debate point the citizen participation as something advantageous, convenient and even necessary. The ideas about sustainability, arisen from the echo-development concepts and sustainable development, consider that public participation is an essential quality of this new view, which includes the environmental component in the planning and management actions, and in the make decisions process. However, the difficulties to incorporate the public participation in the process of making decisions are many and equally recognized, what has been keeping the subject on intense discussion. This job takes for granted that public participation is, in fact, necessary. But, it tries to identify the requirements so that it happens in positive and efficient way and, mainly, to investigate the possibility of maintenance of a stable alliance among the citizen participants. For that, it was installed and observed a process of public participation, guided by a designated model MOD ¿ Model of Organization of the Dialogue, conceived from considerations and conclusions derived of the researched bibliography. In the course of the process, and with the aid of theoretical knowledge and methodologies and adapted tools, concret, complex and important issues about the management of the Japi Mountains, in Jundiaí boroughs, were approached. Three aspects were specially focused: how to organize the public participation, the establishment of articulation between social participants and the difficulties of making decision in the presence of complex issues. In order to contribute the understanding of the methods of multi-criteria decision making support it was developed another model that tries to represent the environmental system geometrically and, for this reason, was denominated ¿Geometric Model for Decision Making Support¿. The report of the process tries to describe the circumstances in each moment, the appeared difficulties and the solutions found, ending with considerations about the principles that should guide the formulation of an environmental politic, on the function of public participation and organization form and; about the relationship among the contribution of the craftsmen, actors of the process, and the instruments and tools used by them. Finally, it is presented a reflection that proposes the idea of complement between the craftsman and the tools, and it tries to emphasize the importance assumed by the education, starting from which the craftsman can acquire the necessary ability for appropriate use the tool / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Este trabalho busca analisar uma experiência de teatro realizada durante 22 anos com funcionários de uma empresa e refletir sobre a relação possível entre o teatro e a empresa por meio de uma proposta de Dramaturgia Cênica. Para tanto, apresenta-se o resgate histórico do percurso através do levantamento e análise crítica de materiais significativos relativos às diversas encenações realizadas. Estabelece- se, também, um diálogo entre a experiência e alguns referenciais teóricos na perspectiva de um teatro brechtiano para a construção de um modelo que contribua para um processo de humanização, favorecendo transformações pessoais e interferências no ambiente de trabalho e na realidade social em geral. / This dissertation sets out to analyse a theatre work experience developed with employees of one company over the course of 22 years. In it, I seek to reflect on the possible relationship between theatre and the company through a proposal for stage dramaturgy. To achieve this objective, it rebuilts the whole history line of this experience, through a selection and critical analisys of some relevant material about the groups theater productions. It also stabilishes a dialogue between the experience and some theoretical work, particularly about Brechtian theater, aiming to develop a model capable of contributing to the process of humanisation, encouraging personal transformation and changes in the workplace environment and in the broader social reality.

Orientador: Maria das Graças Conde Caldas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferrari_MarcelleCorreia_M.pdf: 7187491 bytes, checksum: 8dd8b05fea9720b256f8f5665204bddf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As mudanças no cenário mundial da comunicação suscitaram a necessidade de envolver a população de forma mais participativa e interativa, dentro do contexto de democracia digital. Como a comunicação estatal deve atender aos interesses públicos, foi desenvolvido um programa (no âmbito do Governo Federal) que incentiva a população a debater assuntos de seu interesse: as consultas públicas digitais. Estas consultas fazem parte do procedimento de implantação do governo eletrônico em todo o país e representam um avanço nas relações entre Estado e Sociedade. Entretanto, embora possibilitem, não garantem a participação e contato do cidadão com o governo. Esta pesquisa faz uma reflexão sobre a percepção pública dos brasileiros sobre a área ambiental por meio de pesquisas realizadas e verifica a importância da participação da sociedade por meio de consultas públicas digitais na área ambiental para a Conferência Rio+20. Uma delas realizada pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente, em 2011, para receber propostas de diferentes setores da sociedade civil sobre os temas centrais debatidos na Conferência do Rio. A segunda, elaborada/desenvolvida pelo Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos, do Ministério de Ciência (CGEE), Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) em 2012, sobre os conceitos públicos de Economia Verde e Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso múltiplo (YIN, 2001), de natureza exploratória e qualitativa, de análise de conteúdo. O referencial teórico deste trabalho está ancorado nas Pesquisas Deliberativas de James Fishkin (2005) e nos conceitos de democracia digital. Os resultados do trabalho apontam para avanços significativos no campo da democracia digital, uma vez que as consultas públicas analisadas se mostraram como meios importantes de mobilização social, contribuindo para uma participação mais ativa em processos decisórios sobre a área ambiental / Abstract: Changes in the global communications scene raised the need to involve the public in a more participatory and interactive manner within the context of digital democracy. As the state-owned communications must meet the public interest, a program (under the Federal Government) that encourages people to discuss subjects of interest was developed: the digital public consultations. These public consultations are part of a deployment procedure of e-government throughout the country and represent a breakthrough in relations between state and society. However, although it provides, it does not ensure the participation and citizen contact with government. This research is a reflection on the public perception of brazilians on the environmental area through research performed and verifies the importance of the participation of society through digital public consultations in the environmental area for the Rio +20 Conference. One of them held by the Ministry of Environment in 2011para receive proposals from different sectors of civil society on the central themes discussed at the Rio Conference The second, prepared / developed by the Center for Management and Strategic Studies, Ministry of Science (CGEE) Technology and Innovation (MCTI) in 2012, on public concepts of Green Economy and Sustainable Development. This is a multiple case study (Yin, 2001), exploratory and qualitative, with content analysis. The theoretical framework of this work is grounded in Deliberative Research James Fishkin (2005) and the concepts of digital democracy. The results indicate significant advances in the field of digital democracy, since the public consultations analyzed present themselves as important means of social mobilization, contributing to a more active participation in decision-making processes on the environmental area / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

This study investigated the effectiveness of Ward Committees in co-ordinating and facilitating authentic public participation processes at local government levels. This study focused specifically on the Knysna Local Municipality. Before 1994 the majority of South Africans had never had the vote, and therefore, had not had the opportunity of participating in South Africa’s governance and administration (Hilliard and Kemp, 1999:40). In this governance system, local government was the lowest tier of government in a strict hierarchical structure; and it had no constitutional standing of its own, but derived its powers from the two superior tiers of government, namely national and provincial. The local government elections of 5 December 2000 in South Africa provided municipalities with a historic opportunity to transform local government to meet the needs of the country for the next century. The local government transformation process (in tandem with the demarcation process that established the new municipal boundaries) introduced more developmental responsibilities to municipalities. In addition, this further implied that local government became an autonomous sphere of government with its own original powers and a broad developmental mandate. This had profound implications for local governance. An important element of the current local government system is the promotion of local democracy and participation in local governance. Public participation is an integral part of local democracy and is a legislative requirement for the local community to be drawn into the v municipal processes through inter alia: Integrated Development Planning (IDP), budgeting, performance management and Ward Committees. Although the ‘old’ South African local government system did not have an extensive history in ensuring a culture of actively engaging communities in developmental issues, the IDP under a Developmental Local Government (DLG) system now presents a framework through which such a culture can be established. The Ward Committees in particular, play a critical role in linking community needs with municipal planning processes. In South African local government the commitment to public participation is reflected in a host of laws and policy documents (namely the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), Local Government: Municipal Structures Act 1998 (Act 117 of 1998), the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996). These laws and policies are intended to be realised through development initiatives that require formal participatory processes and institutions in local governance. Since 2001 Ward Committees have emerged as a key institutional mechanism intended to contribute towards bringing about people-centred, participatory and democratic local governance. The rationale for Ward Committees is to supplement the roles of the elected Ward Councillors by creating a link between communities and the political and administrative structures of municipalities. These Ward Committees have been established in the majority of wards in municipalities across the country in line with the vi requirements of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act,1998 (Act 117 of 1998) which stipulates that: Only metropolitan and local municipalities of certain types may have Ward Committees. The main objective of the study was to investigate the overall functioning of Ward Committees within the Knysna Local Municipality and to determine their impact on democratic local governance thus far. The study will carry out an investigation into the effectiveness of Ward Committees: whether they are useful conduits for public participation in local governance; whether they are inherently capable of playing the critical role expected of them; and whether they actually create opportunities for real power-sharing between the Knysna Local Municipality and its communities. The study’s main objective stated above was achieved by breaking it down into realisable objectives, namely: • A brief background of the Knysna Local Municipality, and in particular, an outline of its institutional arrangements and its Ward Committees in general. • An evaluation of the theoretical and legislative framework of public participation and the Ward Committee System in local government. • An analysis of the practical performance of Ward Committees in the Knysna Local Municipality and to provide a research report on the empirical findings. • Recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of Ward Committees at local government levels in general, and in particular, in the Knysna Local Municipality. The hypothetical position of this study was that the maximum utilisation of Ward Committees as a means for public participation processes at local government levels, specifically in the Knysna Local Municipality, could improve communication between local municipalities and the public. Furthermore, this would also contribute towards the speedy delivery of services to communities, as Ward Committees could serve as the Local Municipality’s strategic partners in Council’s projects. Ward Committees should therefore be utilised to enhance a constructive interaction between a municipality and its local community. This position was premised on the fact that authentic and empowering participation can be established at local government levels if Ward Committees act as a foundation for development and Ward Committee Members as development change agents in their respective wards

The endangered Western Leopard Toad (Amietophrynus pantherinus) is endemic to the winter-rainfall parts of the Western Cape, areas which are also favoured for human settlement. Residents in the Noordhoek area witnessed many toads being killed on roads during their annual migration to breeding ponds. Concerned citizens mobilised a volunteer group to mitigate this threat to the species. Toad NUTS (Noordhoek Unpaid Toad Savers), a well-established and successful citizen science group is explored as a case study of how environmental citizenship emerges in a citizen science group. This research has three research goals. Firstly to probe the enabling and constraining factors shaping the Toad NUTS practices, secondly to investigate the learning dynamics in the citizen science group and thirdly to understand how participation in citizen science develops environmental citizenship. Practice architectures theory (Kemmis & Grootenboer, 2008) was used to explore how cultural-discursive, economic-material and social-political arrangements shape the practices of the Toad NUTS group. The Toad NUTS group was identified as a community of practice, therefore Lave and Wenger’s (1991) communities of practice theory was used to better understand the social learning processes within the group. The Global Citizenship Education international policy document was used to capture the aims of citizenship education as it relates to environmental issues and identifies the competencies that citizenship education initiatives should develop. The practices of the Toad NUTS group were investigated for evidence of the goals and competencies identified in the Global Citizenship Education policy documents of environmental citizenship. Data was generated through documentary research, surveys, a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and observations. The data was stored, organised and analysed using NVivo data management software in three phases corresponding to the three research goals. With respect to Goal 1, the evidence suggested that there are various shaping arrangements of cultural-discursive, material-economic and social-political configurations which influence Toad NUTS practices. Volunteers must learn to navigate these arrangements in order to successfully implement conservation strategies. The shaping features identified were the WhatsApp group communication system used by volunteers; public awareness and education strategies; equipment, material and funding required for implementing the group’s practices; power balances and exchanges between stakeholders in the conservation field; bureaucratic processes and scientist-lay person exchanges. Very important for facilitating social-political connections to various stakeholders, is the membership Toad NUTS enjoys on the Western Leopard Toad Conservation Committee. With respect to Goal 2, four interconnected components of learning were investigated. These were: learning as belonging, learning as doing, learning as meaning-making experience and learning as becoming. Members learn by doing things together like training, patrolling and deliberating problems in the field. They learn by exploring what is collectively known from past and unfolding experiences. Evidence showed that learning deepens as Toad NUTS members perceive their praxis as meaningful and their identities evolve as their knowledge and experience grows. This strengthens members’ sense of belonging and identification with the Toad NUTS group. In time the group develops a reputation and the wider community acknowledges the expertise and knowledge that resides with the group. With respect to Goal 3, it was found that volunteers who have a predisposition for environmental citizenship are more likely to join a citizen science group. Although volunteers care about nature and want to make a difference, it is after gaining access to the embedded knowledge and knowledge processes of the citizen science group that they realise meaningful sustainable solutions to the issue(s) that the project is concerned with. It was found that knowledge paired with reasoned practice enables the agency of volunteers to bring about positive and meaningful change in the local environment. If facilitated carefully, citizen science can make positive contributions to the field, in this instance, conservation, while allowing volunteers to exercise environmental citizenship engaging in participative governance with regard to the project.

Framtidens nyhetsförmedling är en kvalitativ studie om dagens situation och framtiden för den tryckta nyhetspapperstidningen. Materialet i studien bygger på intervjuer och en innehållsanalys av Medieutredningen. De frågor som den här undersökningen besvarar är hur framtiden ser ut för den tryckta papperstidningen och vilka som kommer att skriva våra nyheter. I dag är situationen utmanande för de mediekoncerner som har tryckta papperstidningar. Den tryckta nyhetstidningens prenumeranter är främst i åldern 45-79 år. De yngre generationernas nyhetskonsumtion sker främst via internet och sociala medier. Den här studiens informanter anser att papperstidningens framtid är dyster. Det är svårt att göra produkten attraktiv när priset stiger för varje år och levnadsvanorna förändras. Mediekoncernerna arbetar just nu med en digital omställning. Samtidigt är det en hög efterfrågan på kvalitativ journalistik. I tider där vem som helst har möjlighet att utöva journalistiskt arbete vill läsarna kunna lita på att de får kvalitativ journalistik. Genom att erbjuda det till bra priser och flexibla prenumerationer, både i papper och digitala alternativ, tror informanterna att läsarna vill prenumerera på nyheter även i framtiden. / The news agency of the future is a qualitative study of the current situation and future of the printed newspaper. The material in the study is based on interviews and a content analysis of Sweden’s Media investigation. The questions that this study answers is how the future looks like the printed newspaper and who will write our news. Today, the situation is challenging for the media groups that have printed papers. The printed newspapers subscribers are mainly aged 45-79 years. The informants of this study consider the paper magazine's future to be pessimistic. It is difficult to make the product attractive when the price rises for each year and the living habits change. Media groups are currently working on digital transformation. At the same time, there is a high demand for qualitative journalism. In times when anyone has the opportunity to practice journalistic work, readers want to be able to trust qualitative journalism. By offering it at great prices and flexible subscriptions, both in paper and digital options, the informants believe readers want to subscribe to news even in the future.

This study investigated the role of selected ward committees 29 and 32 of Nompumelelo and Tsholomnqa respectively in the Buffalo City Municipality (BCM) in enhancing basic service delivery. In terms of the White Paper on Local Government (1998:4), developmental local government promotes a system that centres on working with local communities to find sustainable ways to meet their needs and improve the quality of their lives. The study on that basis examines the nature and extent to which wards 29 and 32 committees enhanced basic service delivery within BCM. The study is premised on the assumptions that: The involvement of party-elected Councillors in ward committees inhibits members of ward committees from playing an active role in their communities; Ward committees are not clearly communicating municipality programmes to their communities; BCM is biased in favour of urban wards in service delivery; If the committees of wards 29 and 32 were given more powers to play a much wider role in providing leadership and make decisions in their communities (being elevated from an advisory role to ward management structures), they would make an impact in enhancing basic service delivery; and, With additional decision-making powers ward committees could play a more effective role in local government matters. The perceived slow pace of service delivery by municipalities has resulted in growing impatience and dissatisfaction, in particular among poor communities. This has been demonstrated by the spontaneous protests and unrests directed at municipalities that have been taking place nationally since 2003. The uprisings explain two aspects, namely local government is considered by communities to be the delivery arm of government in South Africa and poor communities feel betrayed because their active participation in government-provided spaces for participation such as municipal elections, ward committees and IDPs did not yield the result of promised development (Theron, 2008:36). iv The study employed the qualitative research design using an interview survey as a method of data collection and the reviewing of existing study material and documents to test the validity of the afore-mentioned assumptions. Lastly, with the aim of assisting BCM in nurturing the potential of ward committees operating in its area of jurisdiction, the following recommendations based on the findings of the study are made: BCM considers subjecting ward committees to structured formal and accredited training; BCM delivers services in a legally compliant manner; BCM delegates sufficient powers to ward committees; Ward committees be trained together with officials that drive the CBP process when BCM starts implementing the process; and, BCM provides support to ward committees.

The study investigates community participation in the decision-making processes in Mnquma Local Municipality. The issue of community participation in decision making is receiving attention in South Africa, from both government and civil society sectors. Governments in many parts of the world have begun to take a fresh look at the need for public participation in decision-making processes. The main problem to be addressed in this study is the extent to which the community can be involved in decision making processes in Mnquma Local Municipality. To address the research problem and to achieve the aims of this study, an in depth review of the literature on decision making was done. The empirical search was done by distributing self-administered questionnaires to the participants in Mnquma Local Municipality. The research findings revealed that in Mnquma Local Municipality community participation in decision-making is not effective. Consequently, the delivery of services in this municipality is poor. Another factor that inhibits community participation in the decision making processes in the municipality is that most of the municipal documents are written in English a language in which the majority of the members of the community are not competent in because they are Xhosa speaking people. Recommendations for improved satisfaction in service delivery, communication, consultation, regular meetings, and language were made with regard to community participation in decision making. If these recommendations are implemented, they will assist Mnquma Local Municipality in the area of decision making.

Primary health care has been the cornerstone of South Africa's health policies since its transition to democracy in 1994. In order to optimise the effectiveness of primary health care, the South African government introduced community health committees hich were intended to facilitate primary health care at the grassroots level through community participation. As statutory bodies outlined in the National Health Act, 61 of 2003, and in provincial legislation, Community Health Committees were to be the liaison between communities and government and assist government in improving health services in communities. Since being re-established in 2010, Community Health Committees in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa have sought to fulfil this role and have remained sustainable. This research was aimed at investigating the strategies and approaches which sustain Community Health Committees in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. It focused on eliciting information regarding the factors that sustain Community Health Committees, factors that threaten their sustainability and factors that motivate continued membership in Community Health Committees. Qualitative research methods of key informant interviews, observations and focus groups were used and analysed to identify these factors. The findings indicated that Community Health Committees struggle to remain sustainable because of various threats to their functioning. The major threat identified was the disengagement of the Department of Health in the operations of the Community Health Committees. The Department of Health was not visible; rather it was passive and unresponsive to the reports submitted by Community Health Committees on behalf of their communities and provided no re-imbursement for administration costs. Despite threats to sustainability, these Community Health Committees had commitment, passion and drive to assist with the health improvement of their communities in partnership with health facilities in their communities. Good interpersonal relationships in the Community Health Committees, good professional relationships with the health facility staff and the liaising role played by health facility management are some of the factors that contributed to sustainability. Recommendations were made at the end of the study that may assist the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District and the Department of Health to create a working environment that will be conducive to the sustainability of Community health Committees.