This study is a comparative study of government ethics documents in Sweden and Denmark. It explores how the role of civil servants and their relationship with politicians are described in the ethical documents of both countries. The study aims to identify and analyze the types of civil servants emerging from these documents, their loyalties, and their political and administrative autonomy. The thesis employs a qualitative content analysis method to examine the documents, considering the differences in administrative traditions and political-administrative institutions in the two Nordic countries. The study contributes to understanding the public administration and ethics within the specific contexts of Sweden and Denmark.

Employees in the workplace face many challenges that cause stress. Despite these stresses many cope and remain positive. This study investigated positive psychological functioning among civil servants and explored how they functioned despite stressors in the work environment. The constructs of locus of control, sense of coherence, engagement and their relationship to the burnout construct (viewed as the opposite end of the wellness continuum) were used to examine this behaviour. Results showed that high sense of coherence, locus of control and engagement scores resulted in low burnout scores. Internal control and meaningfulness were found to be significant predictors of engagement. Employees will therefore be engaged in their work only if and when they display and/or are allowed to exhibit emotional meaningfulness in their work and their relationships, and when they behave and make decisions from an internal motivation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MA (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

本研究從公平合理性的角度探討我國政府機關的待遇制度，並分析制度設計和執行上的優缺點及指出所遭遇的困境，進而提出具體的參考建議。 待遇制度的訂定有相當多的理論基礎，本研究選擇薪資管理理論、工資理論、滿意理論、公平理論及期望理論、激勵－保健二因素理論、多重構面待遇滿足感等理論作介紹，試圖從中尋找我國政府待遇制度的立論依據。又為借鑑國外的經驗，同時進行瞭解及比較世界上幾個先進國家如美國、英國、法國、德國和日本的公務員待遇制度，併同和我國關係日益密切的中華人民共和國之國家公務員工資制度進行分析及比較。 公平合理原為精神層次的抽象概念，與之類似的用語尚有正道、正義、公道、均衡、理性、公正、協調等。本研究將以所設計之用以檢視待遇制度具有公平合理性的八項指標：衡平性、補償性、差別性、公開性、效率性、程序性、參與性以及彈性，設計實地訪談的非結構式問卷，並尋求對待遇制度具有規劃或執行經驗的政府機關主管及專家學者，進行深度訪談，藉以瞭解我國政府待遇制度設計和執行的實然狀況。 經參考國內、外的相關資料，及依本研究設計之指標進行實地訪談的結果，發現我國政府的待遇制度在規劃和執行上所遭遇的若干困境：無法達到絕對衡平、尚未具補償意義、本俸及專業加給未作差別性的設計、缺乏公務人員參與意見表達、績效獎金成本太高，效果有限、欠缺公正的制定及調整程序、法制化與彈性的兼顧、民間薪資調查作業及待遇支給應與個人貢獻相符合等，並針對所發現的問題提出研究建議，期使我國公務人員的待遇制度更臻於公平合理。 / This research reviews the compensation system of our governmental institutes basing on equity and justice angle, it also analyzes system design, advantage and discrepancy under execution, and points out the predicament encountered, further; it has provided concrete proposal for reference. There are plenty theories about establishment for compensation system; this research has selected Salary Management Theory、Wages Theory、Satisfaction Theory、Equity Theory and Expectancy Theory 、 Motivators–Hygiene Two-Factor Theory、Multi-construction Compensation Satisfaction etc as introductions; it tries to find the theory basis of compensation system of our government. Furthermore, for referring to foreign experience, it proceeds in understanding and comparing with several advanced countries like USA、United Kingdom、France、Germany and Japan regarding their official compensation system simultaneously, as well as combining official wage system of People’s Republic of China who is closer and closer to us in order to proceed analysis and comparison. Originally, equity and justice are spiritual abstract concept, there are other similar words such as rightness、fairness、moderation、balance、sense、reasonableness、compromise and so on. This research will check the compensation system with it design for reaching eight targets which are equity and justice : Equality、Compensability、Difference、Openness、Efficiency、Procedure、Participation and Elasticity, to design qualitative interviewing non-construction questionnaire, to look for and deeply visit chief, specialist and scholar of governmental institute who already have planning and executing experience on compensation system in order to understand real situation about design and execution of compensation system of our government. After referring to related national and foreign information, as well as the result from proceeding in-depth interviewing in accordance with the target designed by this research, it has found out some predicaments encountered during planning and execution from compensation system of our government: absolute balance cannot be reached、compensation meaning has not been accomplished、differential design for base pay and professional allowance have not been finished、officials did not participate in expressing their opinions、high cost on efficiency bonus、the effect is limited、short of equity establishment and adjustment procedure、cannot consider both systemization and elasticity、civil salary investigation and compensation pay should be matched for individual contribution etc. Besides, it has provided suggestions focusing on the problems found, anticipate that compensation system in our country can be more equity and justness.

Viešajame sektoriuje vykdomos reformos turi poveikį kiekvienam mokesčių mokėtojui, nes bendri reformų tikslai – taupyti valstybės išteklius, pagerinti žmonių gyvenimo kokybę. Vykdant reformas svarbu valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacija įgyvendinti pokyčius, kitaip reformos gali neduoti laukiamų rezultatų. Valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimo klausimus nagrinėja daugelis autorių, tačiau valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimo ypatumai buhalterinės apskaitos ar panašaus pobūdžio reformoms vykdyti nėra nagrinėjami. Darbe keliama problema, kad nors teisės aktai nustato valstybės tarnautojams kvalifikacijos kėlimą, neaišku, kaip šiuos teisės aktus vykdydama reformą konkrečioje situacijoje pritaiko atskira įstaiga. Darbe iškelta hipotezė, kad valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimo sistema nėra universali, todėl ją reikia pritaikyti kiekvienai reformai. Darbo objektas yra valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimas viešojo sektoriaus apskaitos reformai vykdyti. Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimo ypatumus viešojo sektoriaus apskaitos reformai vykdyti. Siekiant darbo tikslo iškelti uždaviniai: išanalizuoti valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimą reglamentuojančius teisės aktus; susipažinti su vykdomos viešojo sektoriaus apskaitos reformos esme ir ypatumais; ištirti, kaip buvo keliama valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacija šiai reformai įgyvendinti ir pasiūlyti, kaip tobulinti valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimą panašaus pobūdžio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Public sector reforms have an impact on every taxpayer because the overall reform objectives are to save state resources and to improve people's quality of life. It is important to improve the qualification of the civil servants to implement changes, in other reforms can not produce the desired results. The training of the civil servants is an issue for many authors, but the civil servants training characteristics of accounting and other similar reforms are not addressed. The work raises the problem that although the law provides for the civil servants qualification, it is unclear how this legislation with the reform in a given situation applies single institution. The hypothesis is – the training system of the civil servants is no panacea, and should be adapted to each reform. Object of the work is the training of the civil servants for the Public Sector Accounting Reform. The aim of the work – to examine the training of civil servants features of Public Sector Accounting Reform. In order to raise the goal the following tasks: to analyze the qualification of the civil servants legislation; to know about the essence and characteristics of the Public Sector Accounting Reform; to examine how the civil servants have been caused by the qualification that the implementation of reform and to suggest how to improve the qualification of the civil servants for similar reforms. The following methods were used in this work: collection, systematization, generalization, comparison... [to full text]

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-22T11:43:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Gonçalves Fernandes.pdf: 1310151 bytes, checksum: 8e079d2206f6e0214dad7e675e4bc8b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T11:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Gonçalves Fernandes.pdf: 1310151 bytes, checksum: 8e079d2206f6e0214dad7e675e4bc8b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / The Brazilian State is governed by a democratic Constitution that enshrines several principles, which are spread through the Legal System and extend to all the branches of the Law, including administrative law, and as a consequence reach disciplinary law, a sub-division of the matter that will be specifically approached in this study. Among said long-standing principles is the principle of legal security, which, among other aspects, ensures citizens a minimum foreseeability when it comes to government conducts. Nevertheless, over history one has accepted (including a significant portion of legal scholars to date) that the formal legal definition of punishable conducts under the disciplinary law (a sub-system that provides for the sanctioning of civil servants) were to be distinct from that applied to criminal law, where one not only recognizes but also requires a clearly delineated legal concept as a means to afford citizens an individual guarantee, in order that the conduct defined as an offense in such system be necessarily described by the law in a clear and accurate manner, in that no generic or vague concepts be accepted. Accordingly, in this study one will analyze the requirements for enforcement of administrative sanctions, with a special focus on disciplinary sanctions, as opposed to the system of guarantees afforded to civil servants by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the grounds underlying it. The analysis will be made from a historical and dogmatic study of the theories that have influenced (and that still influence, to a certain extent) the interference exercised by the Public Administration in those who engage in special relationships of power with it. Therefore, one shall scrutinize the issues concerning the definition of generic punishable conducts under the disciplinary law, historically justified by the so-called special relationships of subjection, in light of the guarantees established in our Constitutional State, particularly legal security, democracy and the fundamental right to a proper administration. The analysis will look into the need for an objective perception of punishable conducts, if not through legislative amendment (a task we are not undertaking here), then through the organization of the chaotic whole of legal rules, by setting out hermeneutical guidelines that will function as limits to public authorities and will thus contribute to an analysis of the matter that is more compatible with the values found in the Federal Constitution / O Estado Brasileiro vige sob a égide de uma Constituição democrática que consagra diversos princípios, os quais se irradiam pelo Ordenamento Jurídico para avançar sobre todas as áreas do Direito, inclusive sobre o direito administrativo, de maneira que também toca o direito disciplinar, sub-ramo daquela matéria que será especialmente tratado nesta pesquisa. Dentre os consagrados princípios, se encontra o princípio da segurança jurídica, o qual, além de outras facetas, garante aos administrados um mínimo de previsibilidade em relação às condutas estatais. Não obstante, foi aceito historicamente (hipótese admitida por parcela significativa da doutrina até os presentes dias) que a tipificação formal de condutas no direito disciplinar (subsistema que cuida do sancionamento de servidores públicos) seria distinta daquela estabelecida para o direito penal, onde não só se reconhece como se exige uma tipicidade fechada como garantia individual dos cidadãos, de modo a se fazer imprescindível nesse sistema que a conduta descritiva do delito seja posta de maneira clara e precisa no texto legal, de sorte que não são admitidos, como regra, conceitos genéricos ou indeterminados na descrição do tipo. Diante isso, analisamos na presente pesquisa os pressupostos para a aplicação das sanções administrativas, com ênfase nas sanções disciplinares, contrapondo-as ao regime de garantias dos servidores fixado pela Constituição da República de 1988 e os fundamentos que o justificam. Referida análise se deu a partir de estudo histórico e dogmático das teorias que influenciaram (e continuam a influenciar em determinada medida) a interferência da Administração Pública sobre aqueles que estabelecem com ela vínculos especiais de poder. Sendo assim, problematizamos o estabelecimento de tipos punitivos abertos no direito disciplinar, justificados historicamente pelas chamadas relações especiais de sujeição, à luz das garantias estabelecidas em nosso Estado Constitucional, especialmente a segurança jurídica, a democracia e o direito fundamental a uma boa administração. Essa análise incita a reflexão sobre a necessidade de objetivação dos tipos disciplinares, se não por meio de alterações legislativas (tarefa a que não nos propomos), pela ordenação do todo caótico representado pelas regras jurídicas por meio do estabelecimento de diretrizes hermenêuticas que representarão limites ao hierarca e se prestarão a contribuir para uma análise mais consentânea do tema com os valores da Constituição Federal

Dichotomy in change – a study of how the relationship in terms of power between politicians and civil servants in local government is affected by the transition to a system without branch committees

Since last year 2008, the economy has started going down and the unemployment rate has risen uncontrollably. Our government promised to take the citizens out of this bad condition. To improve the citizen satisfaction, the government should lead the whole government team to progress. And before doing so, understanding the attitude of civil servants is very important, because the higher satisfaction the civil servants have, the harder they will work. However, the issue about employment satisfaction is widely researched by many scholars. As a result, this research will focus on the six HRM practice practices , which are selecting , training and development, performance appraisal, organization structure and process , communication and rewards. In this study, the main research intends to understand the difference between the perception of the civil servants on the current stage and their perception of the ideal condition. And the personal characteristics impact on the employment satisfaction. This study concluded the main results as follows: 1. There appears significant difference in HRM practices between civil servant¡¦s actual and ideal perception. 2. Person characteristics will affect the satisfaction of civil servants in different HRM practice dimensions.

Daugelis autorių aptardami valstybės tarnautojų mokymo bei kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemą labiau gilinasi į valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos tobulinimą įtakojančius finansinius, teisinius veiksnius. Todėl šiame darbe siekiama nustatyti valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemos vystymo edukologinius veiksnius. Atlikta literatūros šaltinių analizė, apibūdinta valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistema, jos elementai ir funkcijos, nustatyti sistemos vystymo veiksniai. Norint išsiaiškinti valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemos vystymo edukologinius poreikius atlikta valstybės tarnautojų anketinė apklausa bei atliktas interviu su kvalifikacijos tobulinimo institucijų vadovais. Apklausti 78 valstybės tarnautojai ir 6 mokymus valstybės tarnautojams mokymus organizuojančių institucijų vadovai. Atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistema nėra labai efektyvi ir nesukuria pakankamų edukologinių prielaidų valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos tobulinimo proceso vystymuisi. / Educological factors of the civil servants training system are not much analysed. Various authors analyses influence of the financial, juridical factors for the civil servants training system. Therefore the point of this research is to estimate educological factors of the civil training system. In this research the are described the elements and functions of the civil servants training system. The factors or the civil servants training system are also described. To establish the educological requirements of the civil servants training system development was caried out a survey of the civil servants and was done the interview with managers of the civil servants training intitutions. In this research took part 78 civil servants and 6 managers of the civil servants training institutions. The survey showed that the civil servants training system is not very effective and don‘t create enuogh educological assumptions for the the development of civil servants training process.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamos pagrindinės Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės tarnautojų mokymo problemos. Analizuojama valstybės tarnautojų mokymą reglamentuojanti įstatyminė bazė, teoriniai (moksliniai) mokymosi modeliai, išskiriamos pagrindinės problemos, tokios kaip įstatyminės bazės netobulumas, aiškios sistemos nebuvimas, finansinės, organizacinės, techninės ir informacinės problemos. Pateikiami šių problemų sprendimo būdai. Darbe prieinama prie išvados, kad dabartiniu momentu yra jau sukurtas valstybės tarnautojų mokymo sistemos stuburas, tačiau pati sistema reikalauja nemažai patobulinimų, kadangi iki šiol valstybės tarnautojų žinių lygis nėra pakankamas užtikrinti viešosios valdžios veikimo efektyvumo. Tai įrodo visuomenės žemas pasitikėjimas valdžia bei atsilikimas nuo kitų ES valstybių. Daugiausiai prie valstybės tarnautojų mokymo sistemos tobulinimo turėtų prisidėti valstybės ir savivaldybių institucijų personalo tarnybos, tinkamai organizuodamos ir valdydamos mokymo procesą institucijos viduje, bei Valstybės tarnybos departamentas, detalizuodamas teisės aktus, leisdamas informacinius leidinius ir rekomendacijas, bei vienodindamas bendrąją praktiką mokymo srityje. Šie du subjektai turėtų prisiimti aktyvų vaidmenį ir atsakomybę už busimą valstybės tarnautojų mokymo sistemą. Darbe taip pat atlikta Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo kanceliarijos valstybės tarnautojų mokymo sistemos analizė, iš kurios paaiškėjo, kad bendrosios valstybės tarnybai būdingos mokymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This final paper analyzes the basic problems of training of civil servants in the Lithuanian Republic. The legal base of training of civil servants, theoretical (scientific) models of training is analyzed. The basic problems, which are allocated: not faultlessness of legislative base, absence of clear system, financial, organizational, technical and informative problems. Variants of the decision of these problems are given. The main conclusion of the work is that for the present moment the whole skeleton of training of civil servants is already created, but the system demands many improvements, amendments, since till now level of knowledge of civil servants is insufficient to guarantee a government overall performance. The proof is low level of trust to the government from the society, and also low indicators in comparison with EU states. Most of all efforts to improvement of system of training of civil servants should put staff departments in the state and local authorities (correctly organizing and operating process of training in an institution), and also Department of public service, which details legal documents, concerning training of civil servants, to publish information publications and recommendations, and to generalizes available practice in the mentioned sphere. These both subjects should take an active role and responsibility for the future system of training on themselves. The work also analyses the system of training of civil servants of Office of the Seimas... [to full text] / В магистерской работе анализируются основные проблемы обучения государственных служащих в Литовской Республике. Анализируется правовая база обучения государственных служащих, теоретические (научные) модели обучения, выделяются основные проблемы, такие как не безупречность законодательной базы, отсутствие ясной системы, финансовые, организационные, технические и информативные проблемы. Предоставляются варианты решения этих проблем. В работе достигнут вывод, что на теперешний момент уже создан весь скелет обучения государственных служащих, но сама система требует ещё много улучшений, поправок, т.к. до сих пор уровень знаний государственных служащих недостаточен, чтобы гарантировать эффективность работы государственной власти. Доказательством является низкий уровень доверия к власти со стороны общества, а также невысокие показатели по сравнению с государствами ЕС. Больше всего усилий к улучшению системы обучения государственных служащих должны приложить отделы кадров в государственных институциях и органах самоуправления, правильно организовывая и управляя процессом обучения внутри институции, а также Департамент государственной службы, которому следовало бы детализировать правовые документы, касающиеся обучения государственных служащих, издать информационные издания и рекомендации, и обобщить имеющуюся практику в упомянутой сфере. Эти оба субъекта должны взять активную роль и ответственность за будущую систему обучения на себя. В работе также был произведён анализ системы... [полный текст, см. далее]

Employees in the workplace face many challenges that cause stress. Despite these stresses many cope and remain positive. This study investigated positive psychological functioning among civil servants and explored how they functioned despite stressors in the work environment. The constructs of locus of control, sense of coherence, engagement and their relationship to the burnout construct (viewed as the opposite end of the wellness continuum) were used to examine this behaviour. Results showed that high sense of coherence, locus of control and engagement scores resulted in low burnout scores. Internal control and meaningfulness were found to be significant predictors of engagement. Employees will therefore be engaged in their work only if and when they display and/or are allowed to exhibit emotional meaningfulness in their work and their relationships, and when they behave and make decisions from an internal motivation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MA (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)