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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

我國地價稅公平性之研究-以新北市板橋區為例 / A Study on the Equity of Land Tax in Banqiao, New Taipei City

林佳慧, Lin, Chia Hui Unknown Date (has links)
本文以新北市板橋區2012年8月至2014年底不動產實價登錄的交易資料,分析地價稅課徵的公平性。 利用公寓、華廈、大樓與純土地之土地公告地價占市場價值的估價比率,對估價比率的一致性、垂直公平與水平公平做研究。透過估價比率中位數、價格相關差異與離散係數做傳統的分析,結果發現板橋區的估價比率離散程度過高,估價呈現累退性,不符合垂直公平的原則,而且相近的交易價格,估價卻存在顯著不一致的樣態,亦不符合水平公平的原則。 再進行迴歸實證分析,可與傳統分析相互印證,迴歸結果指出板橋內的確呈現顯著的累退性,即有高價低估與低價高估的問題,不符合垂直公平。估價時,會受到土地財產特性的影響,尤其是土地面積、建物面積、與市中心距離等因素,會產生估價的水平不公平,例如土地面積越小,估價比率則越低的問題。 本文建議可針對新大樓林立區段做改革,調高該區段土地之公告地價,不但有利於提升估價比率,使納稅義務人負擔合理的稅負,並且同時有助於改善垂直公平與水平公平。
2

壽險公司與銀行資產風險--風險資本要求之公平性探討 / confer the fairness of risk capital between life insurance company and bank

黃馨慧 Unknown Date (has links)
以目前的監理制度來看,保險業與銀行業所實施的兩套規則雖然立意相同,均是希望透過風險資本的提撥,來加強其清償能力;但是在實行上,卻是各自實行一套系統。以保險公司而言,RBC(Risk-based Capital)是主要衡量保險公司資本適足性並且提供監理單位採取相關監理行動的準則;以銀行而言,在監理上則須符合新巴塞爾協定的規範達到適當的資本適足率。本質上,兩者所需提撥的風險資本的立意是相同的,但卻因為風險係數的不同,而有著不同的資本適足率要求。 本研究便是針對銀行與保險公司中均有的各項具有風險性的資產,這些資產面臨著相同的信用及市場風險,但在銀行與保險的監理上卻因為有不同的考量而可能有不同的風險係數。因此,本研究希望能建立一個相通的衡量標準,來探討銀行與保險公司在相同資產下所被要求提撥的風險資本額是否具有一致性。
3

販売店の機会主義的行為に対する製造業者のチャネル権力行使 : 公平性感知の調整的役割

康上, 賢淑, KOJO, Shion, 劉, 佳, LIU, Jia, 胡, 左浩, HU, Zuohao, 赵, 平, ZHAO, Ping 08 1900 (has links)
Comments and Discussions : Hitoshi HIRAKAWA (平川均)
4

分配的公正の観点からの地方における社会資本の計画・整備とその効果把握手法に関する研究

門間, 俊幸 26 September 2011 (has links)
Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16378号 / 工博第3459号 / 新制||工||1523(附属図書館) / 29009 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 中野 剛志, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当
5

我國公務人員待遇制度公平合理性之研究 / Research on the Equity and Justice of Compensation System for the Civil Servants in Taiwan , R.O.C.

周瑞貞, Juei-Jen Chou Unknown Date (has links)
本研究從公平合理性的角度探討我國政府機關的待遇制度,並分析制度設計和執行上的優缺點及指出所遭遇的困境,進而提出具體的參考建議。 待遇制度的訂定有相當多的理論基礎,本研究選擇薪資管理理論、工資理論、滿意理論、公平理論及期望理論、激勵-保健二因素理論、多重構面待遇滿足感等理論作介紹,試圖從中尋找我國政府待遇制度的立論依據。又為借鑑國外的經驗,同時進行瞭解及比較世界上幾個先進國家如美國、英國、法國、德國和日本的公務員待遇制度,併同和我國關係日益密切的中華人民共和國之國家公務員工資制度進行分析及比較。 公平合理原為精神層次的抽象概念,與之類似的用語尚有正道、正義、公道、均衡、理性、公正、協調等。本研究將以所設計之用以檢視待遇制度具有公平合理性的八項指標:衡平性、補償性、差別性、公開性、效率性、程序性、參與性以及彈性,設計實地訪談的非結構式問卷,並尋求對待遇制度具有規劃或執行經驗的政府機關主管及專家學者,進行深度訪談,藉以瞭解我國政府待遇制度設計和執行的實然狀況。 經參考國內、外的相關資料,及依本研究設計之指標進行實地訪談的結果,發現我國政府的待遇制度在規劃和執行上所遭遇的若干困境:無法達到絕對衡平、尚未具補償意義、本俸及專業加給未作差別性的設計、缺乏公務人員參與意見表達、績效獎金成本太高,效果有限、欠缺公正的制定及調整程序、法制化與彈性的兼顧、民間薪資調查作業及待遇支給應與個人貢獻相符合等,並針對所發現的問題提出研究建議,期使我國公務人員的待遇制度更臻於公平合理。 / This research reviews the compensation system of our governmental institutes basing on equity and justice angle, it also analyzes system design, advantage and discrepancy under execution, and points out the predicament encountered, further; it has provided concrete proposal for reference. There are plenty theories about establishment for compensation system; this research has selected Salary Management Theory、Wages Theory、Satisfaction Theory、Equity Theory and Expectancy Theory 、 Motivators–Hygiene Two-Factor Theory、Multi-construction Compensation Satisfaction etc as introductions; it tries to find the theory basis of compensation system of our government. Furthermore, for referring to foreign experience, it proceeds in understanding and comparing with several advanced countries like USA、United Kingdom、France、Germany and Japan regarding their official compensation system simultaneously, as well as combining official wage system of People’s Republic of China who is closer and closer to us in order to proceed analysis and comparison. Originally, equity and justice are spiritual abstract concept, there are other similar words such as rightness、fairness、moderation、balance、sense、reasonableness、compromise and so on. This research will check the compensation system with it design for reaching eight targets which are equity and justice : Equality、Compensability、Difference、Openness、Efficiency、Procedure、Participation and Elasticity, to design qualitative interviewing non-construction questionnaire, to look for and deeply visit chief, specialist and scholar of governmental institute who already have planning and executing experience on compensation system in order to understand real situation about design and execution of compensation system of our government. After referring to related national and foreign information, as well as the result from proceeding in-depth interviewing in accordance with the target designed by this research, it has found out some predicaments encountered during planning and execution from compensation system of our government: absolute balance cannot be reached、compensation meaning has not been accomplished、differential design for base pay and professional allowance have not been finished、officials did not participate in expressing their opinions、high cost on efficiency bonus、the effect is limited、short of equity establishment and adjustment procedure、cannot consider both systemization and elasticity、civil salary investigation and compensation pay should be matched for individual contribution etc. Besides, it has provided suggestions focusing on the problems found, anticipate that compensation system in our country can be more equity and justness.
6

WiMAX有服務品質保證的公平資源分配機制 / Fairness of Resource Allocation with QoS Guarantee in WiMAX

羅啟文, Lo, Chi Wen Unknown Date (has links)
近十年來,由於無線網路的普及與人們對於即時服務的需求提高,導致人們迫切需要更好的服務品質,WiMAX是其中最被看好的一種無線網路傳輸技術。但在WiMAX無線網路中,標準的規格中並未規範connection admission control (CAC)、bandwidth request (BR)、bandwidth allocation、scheduling等機制,在本篇論文中,我們將上述機制設計並實作於MAC layer中。 本論文首先探討在設計connection admission control、bandwidth request、bandwidth allocation、scheduling會遇到的相關參數及相關議題。並進一步提出一個有效的方法以改善目前大部分設計在bandwidth allocation的公平性 (Fairness)及contention bandwidth request等效率差的問題。我們將設計一個MAC Layer co-function,稱之為Dynamic Polling Interval function (DPI function)。利用DPI function設計no contention bandwidth request改善傳統 contention bandwidth request的效率,以及利用DPI function的特性改善bandwidth allocation以及scheduling的公平性。最後我們將利用網路模擬器NS-2 (Network Simulater version 2)與測試實驗架構作不同效能的驗證比較並評估所提方法的有效性。 / Over the past decade, wireless network access and real-time services have become more popular than ever. People are eager to have better quality of service. Among all, WiMAX is one of the best wireless communication technigues . However, WiMAX standard does not specify those mechanisms of connection admision control (CAC)、bandwidth request (BR)、bandwidth allocation and scheduling . In this thesis, we propose the above mechanisms and imcorporate them as MAC layer functions. First, we discuss those related parameters and issues when designing connection admision control、bandwidth request、bandwidth allocation and scheduling. Second, we propose an efficient method to improve the fairness of bandwidth allocation and efficiency of contention bandwidth request. We design a MAC layer co-function called dynamic polling interval function (DPI function). We use the DPI function to design a no contention bandwidth request method to improve the efficiency of traditional bandwidth request method and use the features of DPI function to improve the fairness of bandwidth allocation and scheduling. At last , we use NS-2 (Network Simulator version 2) as our network simulator and compare the result of simulations to prove the efficiency of our proposed methods.
7

互動公平性與互惠性對策略聯盟夥伴關係資本的影響─不確定性的干擾效果 / The relationship among justice, reciprocity and strategic alliance partners' relational capital: the moderating effects of uncertainty

林德怡 Unknown Date (has links)
策略聯盟已被視為廠商兼顧快速成長與獲取核心競爭力的重要方式之一,因此策略聯盟逐漸成為常見的廠商投資方式之一,但策略聯盟卻有極高的失敗率,策略聯盟的成功因素成為學者研究的重點,其中聯盟夥伴間的關係也被視為策略聯盟能否成功的重要因素,因此許多學者開始探討聯盟關係資本的前置因素。 然而過去探討策略聯盟夥伴關係資本前置因素的研究,大多以社會資本理論與關係治理觀點為主,探討聯盟夥伴間互賴程度、合作頻率與互相了解的程度對雙方關係資本的影響。但雙方互動過程中的行為或態度,也會對其關係資本有所影響,因此本研究乃採取社會交換理論的觀點,探討雙方在互動過程中的互動公平性與互惠性對雙方關係資本的影響。此外,本研究並嘗試從聯盟治理的角度,探討聯盟的治理對聯盟雙方關係資本的影響,希望能透過不同角度的探討,更有助於了解社會交換理論對關係資本的重要性。最後由於本研究強調廠商在互動過程中對彼此的正面看法或評價,而廠商對彼此的評價並非在獨立的環境下所進行的,而是在各種不確定情況下評估,因此本研究加入不確定性的干擾效果,試圖更精確了解互動公平性與互惠性對聯盟雙方關係資本的影響。 本研究針對台灣三大科學園區執行策略聯盟的廠商為樣本,分別針對廠商與其聯盟夥伴發放問卷,共回收129組配對問卷,採用階層迴歸驗證假設,並針對達顯著水準的交乘項繪製交互作用圖。研究結果顯示,互動公平性與互惠性對策略聯盟廠商的關係資本有正向影響,而廠商在不確定性的情況下,所表現出來的互動公平性與互惠性也有正向加強作用,顯示聯盟廠商在合作過程中,所表現出的公平性與互惠性有助於雙方關係資本的增長;而在不確定性較高的情況下,此種增長的程度也將會有大幅提升。
8

我國綜合所得稅免稅所得問題之探討

林春燕, Lin, Chun-Yan Unknown Date (has links)
免稅所得的存在使所得稅稅基倍受侵蝕,然綜觀世界各國,免稅條款卻為稅法之重要 項目,逍知其不可避免,但若讓其放任濫用,必將損及所得稅的公平性與中立性,故 在考慮增刪免稅所得或改行其他代替方案之問題上,實宜兼具公平與效率,此為本文 主要研究動機。本文共分六章,約三萬字,首先說明本文研究之目的、範圍與方法, 次說明免稅所得之要義及其影響,再就我國之國中、國小教職員薪資免稅問題、利息 所得免稅問題及公教軍警人員勞工殘廢者無謀生能力之撫血金、養老金、退休金、瞻 養費免稅問題等,分別探求其立法原意及沿革、主要內容、時代背景、目前實況,藉 以明現行法是否仍合宜適用,最後提出一些改進建議並作一總結,以期免稅所得的存 在有助於所得稅課徵的公平與經濟效率之提高。
9

我國薪資所得者租稅負擔問題之研究

羅能清, Luo, Neng-Qing Unknown Date (has links)
隨 國家經濟發展,薪資所得者必佔就業人口的絕大部分,而租稅結構中直接稅比重 亦漸形提高,薪資所得者的所得稅負擔便普受社會大眾所關切,當今輿論咸認一般薪 資所得者租稅負擔過重,然實情如何?此為本文主要研究動機。本文共分七章,約四 萬字。針對我國薪資所得者租稅負擔(以綜合所得稅負擔為主)問題予以探討。前半 部就薪資所得稅是否應輕課、其對工作意願的影響,及通貨膨脹所造成稅負加重情況 加以研究,後半部就我國實際資料予以客觀分析,結果顯示,就總體而論,其稅負並 未過重,可是就課徵公平性與合理性而言,當今的稅制值得商權。解決之道,除加強 其他來源所得稽徵外,對薪資所得者的各項租稅優惠方法及增進課徵合理化的改革措 施,宜積極採行,以期租稅負擔公平,提高全民福利水準。
10

國民教育經費分配模式公平性與適足性之研究 / Measuring the Equity and Adequacy of Distributive Models for Financing Compulsory Education

王立心, Wang, Li-Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
民國89年12月13日公布的「教育經費編列與管理法」,不但重新訂定保障政府教育經費額度的條文,並建構了迥異於以往的教育經費編列與分配模式,本研究之目的在檢證該法實施前後不同分配模式下,國民教育經費分配的公平性與適足性。 本研究由公共資源分配的理論出發,探討分配正義的議題,並涉及府際間財政收支與移轉支付體系,以及教育經費補助法制化、公式化的相關學理與實徵研究,以建構本研究之理論基礎,並據以發展立論各異的國民教育經費分配模式。 本研究依循 Berne與Stiefel(1984, 1999)及 Odden與Picus (2004)所發展之概念架構,取87至92會計年度間各相關之財政、教育年報及會議資料進行分析,所採用之衡量量數,計有McLoone指數、Verstegen指數、Gini係數、相關係數、斜率、調整關係量數,以及Odden-Picus適足性指數等;此外,本研究轉換美國各學區採行的補助公式,發展定額模式、基準模式、百分比均等化模式、保障稅基模式、統籌統支模式及結合模式等六個分配模式,以92會計年度的數據資料,檢證並比較不同分配模型間所能達成的公平性與適足性。 本研究主要發現如下: 一、法定模式所達成的政策效果,與美國基準方案相類似。 二、依法定模式編列之國民教育預算,與縣市實際需求仍有落差。 三、法定模式編列一般教育補助,尚能考量到地方的財政能力。 四、不同縣市間國民教育成本指數有相當的差距。 五、就不同年度間的比較而言,教育經費編列與管理法實施後各年度國民教育經費分配達成公平性及適足性的程度較高。 六、就不同模式間的比較而言,法定模式的國民教育經費分配與仍有改進的空間,以更符合公平性及適足性的原則。 依據研究發現,本研究提出對現行國民教育經費分配模式及相關研究之建議: 一、釐清國民教育經費基本需求的成分與單位額度。 二、法定模式的估算應擴大地方政府參與,以適時反應實際需求。 三、法定模式的估算應納入激勵縣市教育財稅努力的因素。 四、發展國民教育成本指數及並建立經費適足標準。 五、對國民教育經費分配的公平性與適足性,進行長期性的評估。 六、依據公平性與適足性原則,修正法定分配模式。 七、配合財政收支劃分法的修訂,調整法定分配模式。 / The Compilation and Administration of Education Expenditures Act (CAEEA) was signed into law by president on December 13, 2000. The new law was an attempt by the legislature to set a minimum guaranteed funding rate for educational budgeting, and to be more equitably and adequately distribute funds for education. The purpose of this study was to analyze how different funding models affect the equitable and adequate distribution of funds for compulsory education. The theoretical and empirical literatures were thus analyzed in this study, including the issues related to public resources allocation, distributive justice, intergovernmental fiscal relations, and school finance formulas. The conceptual framework developed by Berne and Stiefel (1984, 1999) and Odden and Picus (2004) served as the basis for defining and measuring the degree of equalization and adequacy of the financial system. The financial and educational data incorporated into this study have been taken from MOE's and MOF's annual reports and meeting records from 1998 to 2003. A series of measures were selected for assessing equity and adequacy in school finance, including the McLoone index, Verstegen index, Gini coefficient, correlation coefficient, slope, adjusted relationship measure, and the Odden-Picus adequacy index. In addition, in this study the school funding formulas that the various states continue to use to distribute education funds to local school districts in the USA were converted into six different funding models: a Flat Grants Model, Foundation Model, Percentage Equalization Model, Guaranteed Tax Base Model, Full Centralized Funding Model, and Tier Model. This was in order to determine the extent to which these models have improved the equity and adequacy of the system for funding compulsory education. The findings from the data analysis were as follows: (1) The CAEEA Funding Model and Foundation Model have the same impact, as far as policy is concerned, on fiscal equity and adequacy; (2) the results of budget preparation using the CAEEA Funding Model are not commensurate with the needs of counties and cities; (3) in the distribution of general education subsidies, some measure of local fiscal capabilities must be taken into consideration; (4) there is a noticeable difference in the cost of education indices for counties and cities; (5) The full funding and implementation of the CAEEA Funding Model has a positive impact on fiscal equity and adequacy; (6) it is necessary to reform the CAEEA Funding Model in order to satisfy the conditions of equity and adequacy. Based on the policy implications of these findings, it was recommended that: (1) The basic needs of education expenditures be formulated precisely in terms of composition and unit volume; (2) the CAEEA Funding Model be extended to involve local opinions, so as to take into consideration the local educational demands; (3) incentive factors be incorporated into the CAEEA Funding Model, in order to increase the local tax effort; (4) a cost of education index be developed and the adequacy level be identified; (5) a long-term assessment of the equity and adequacy of funding allocation be undertaken; (6) the CAEEA Funding Model be improved according to the principles of equity and adequacy; (7) the CAEEA Funding Model be adjusted to meet the revised provisions of the Act Governing the Allocation of Government Revenues and Expenditures.

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