This dissertation brings together a study of French and Arabic literature and the cultural history of post-independence Lebanon (1943—1975). It is intended first as a contribution to post-colonial criticism and historical literature on decolonization. Second, as a contribution to literary and historical research on multilingualism, as it undergoes various changes to recover “sub-national” narratives, gestures and behaviours that subvert ideas about homogenous national identities. It begins with a set of questions about language: in the context of multi-ethnic and multi-religious societies, such as Lebanon, what is the place of language in configurations of diversity, and what is its relationship with religion? What relationships do minorities seek or preserve with the national language at or after decolonization, and how does this affect their relationship with the state? Why do some collectives assert linguistic homogeneity and why do others promote more room? Finally, can language acquire indigeneity? While multilingualism in modern-day Lebanon is a wide-spread social practice, it is far from simple. I argue that in the aftermath of independence in 1943, a forgotten and eventually failed project of bilingualism was promoted by a conservative, nationalist and mainly Christian Maronite network of intellectuals, writers and academics attached to the Francophone university in Beirut. The project raised red flags for partisans of Arabic in Lebanon who argued that bilingualism was nothing more than a conceptual “fig leaf” for maintaining a colonial tie with France as well as an established cultural and political status quo that worked in favor of Lebanon’s Maronites. The project therefore failed to be adopted by a wider, national collective. Well before the start of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975, the project was dropped even by those who had initially rallied to its cause. This work analyzes bilingualism at the encounter of literature, law and the social sciences, both as disciplinary approaches and respective local discourses. In this way, I examine how descriptive, prescriptive and imaginary genres converge in the discourse of nation-building. Through a constellation of readings of debates over the place of bilingualism in legal education, cultural anthropology, and the literary field, and a close reading of French and Arabic literary works, this study asks how the strategic use of language by newly independent citizens casts a light on bilingualism as a multidimensional social and discursive reality and not a purely linguist or literary phenomenon as is often considered. My theoretical point of departure, therefore, is to study how language can play a role in constructing a knowledge-based discourse that incorporates law, literature, and the social sciences. There are two crucial aspects of this story that run throughout the histories and texts I engage with in this project. The first is that the project of bilingualism was part of a wider interest in making national identity defined by bilingualism. In so doing, it diluted the radical alterity nominally attached to multilingualism in the national setting. Yet the bilingual project might also be considered a radical one. In part, it setting out to enforce the re-signification of bilingualism in a postcolonial era, it sought, to an extent, to attenuate the centrality of the confessional structures of state. The project therefore draws our attention to the kinds of thought experiments that developed in the process of decolonization and the early years of the Cold War, a mode of creative thinking that was dropped and replaced by more hegemonic structures. But its failure indicates why, when this idea was deployed, it became the price to pay for the expected unity of the national collective. Ultimately, the bilingual project was vulnerable to critique and the failure of its re-signification was due to it being slated as an elite postcolonial project legitimizing Christian power in “cultural” terms. A second crucial aspect of this story is that the project, while representing a failure, is nevertheless conceptually critical for several reasons. This project of linguistic diversity engendered a new politics of interpretation of text and society that led intellectuals, academics, writers and politicians to articulate the cultural stakes of the new nation-state. Indeed what we risk missing in the representation of bilingualism —as elite, conservative, confessional and colonial— is that the project generated a culture of textual critique based on the language of diversity and difference in law, the social sciences and literature. The bilingual project demonstrates the extent to which the disciplines of law, social sciences and literature in Lebanon co-constituted one another after independence. The failure of bilingualism therefore produced new forms of cultural knowledge, and is a small but important feature of post-independence Lebanon.

本文主要考察社会主义中国的文化政策经历了怎样的发展变化，并试图回答自1949年以来中国共产党是如何介入与领导当代中国的文化，其文化治理的理论与实践又是如何发展与转变，对文化领域又产生了怎样的影响。 / 与只对政策文件进行解读的传统政策研究不同，本研究采用文化的政治经济学和文化社会学取经，结合宏观与微观、观念与实践两个层面，对上述问题进行考察与分析，从而梳理出中国文化政策发展变化的历史脉络。除了对中共制订的政策文件及主要思想理论进行梳理与分析外，本文选取了代表中国社会主义国家特色的上海市工人文化宮及其话剧生产为个案研究对象，通过文献研究、实地考察、深度访谈、历史比较分析等方法，具体深入地考察文化主体与文化政策之间的关系，尤其是在后毛泽东时代的发展变化，以此勾勒出社会主义中国文化政策从思维到实践的运动轨迹。 / 本文希望通过这一研究可以在以下三个方面有所贡献：（1）梳理出一种社会主义中国的文化政策的历史脉络；（2）试图通过个体深访和个体口述史，来考察社会主义中国文化政策与个体的关系，从而在微观上提供关于社会主义中国文化政策的重要实证数据。并且，（3）在中观和宏观的层面上建议一种关于社会主义中国文化政策研究的理论框架，作为今后这一研究课题发展的一个基础；（4）通过比较中国与西方发达资本主义国家之间文化政策发展与运动趋势的异同，反思中国文化政策的转型，从而为推进中国文化政策的发展与进步建言。最后，希望本论文可以对社会主义国家或发展中国家的文化政策研究提供中国经验的参考与启发。需要强调的是，本文并非急于给社会主义中国文化政策的历史变迁下定论，限于历史资料收集的有限性和文化政策历时研究的复杂性，本文主要是通过现有的史料和相关数据，来做一项关于社会主义中国文化政策领域的开拓性的基础研究，也是为日后中国文化政策研究的发展做一种铺垫。 / The thesis project attempts to answer the questions about how the Chinese Communist Party governs the cultural domain in Contemporary China, and how the cultural governance develops and influences cultural production in China since 1949. / This research tries systematically explores the development of the cultural policy of Socialist China by focusing on Shanghai Municipal Workers Palace of Culture and its cultural production, which is an understudied topic in Chinese Studies. Through investigating the CCP’s theories, thoughts and policies in cultural sphere, the ways and rules of producing literature and art, it will systematically analyze the relationship of the Chinese party-state and culture in different historical periods, and illustrate the development of the CCP’s cultural policy from theory to practice. / The study mainly adopts Cultural Political Economy and Sociology of Culture approaches. Different from traditional cultural policy studies, it is a historical and comparative empirical inquiry with an integrated macro and micro perspective. The study introduces qualitative methods including archive analysis, field study, in-depth interview, oral history, participant observation, and historical comparative analysis and etc, to answer the research questions and support the thesis arguments. / The purpose of the thesis is (1) to map the historical path of cultural policy in the People’s Republic of China; (2) to provide empirical data of Socialist China’ cultural policy from micro perspective through subject’s in-depth interview and oral history; and (3) to suggest a theoretical framework for Chinese cultural policy studies at a meso- and macro-level; and (4) to bring critical reflection on the transition of cultural policy in today’s China, through comparing it with the shift and trend of the Western. Furthermore, the line of research also aims provide the Chinese model as a reference for cultural policy studies on socialist states or developing countries. To be noted, our goal is not to draw a hasty conclusion about the transformation of cultural policy in PRC or to predict its future directions. Instead, our humble task is, to do an exploratory study through the Shanghai case study and based on the limited materials that we collect, and, to pave the way for the future development of Chinese Cultural Policy Stuies. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 胡霽荣. / "2013年3月". / "2013 nian 3 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 348-359). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Hu Jirong. / 导言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 选题由来 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究视角与分析框架 --- p.7 / Chapter 1、 --- 文化政策研究 --- p.7 / Chapter 2、 --- 本文的研究视角：政治经济学与文化社会学 --- p.11 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究方法 --- p.12 / Chapter 1、 --- 分析框架 --- p.12 / Chapter 2、 --- 研究方法 --- p.13 / Chapter 四、 --- 研究目的 --- p.22 / Chapter 五、 --- 行文结构 --- p.23 / Chapter 第一章 --- 工人阶级的政治影响与社会主义中国文化政策的关系 --- p.25 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人阶级与中国共产党的关系 --- p.25 / Chapter 二、 --- 中共的革命斗争与工人运动 --- p.27 / Chapter 三、 --- 中共的文化政策理论与社会主义中国文化政策的形成 --- p.30 / Chapter 1、 --- 中共文化治理思想的理论基础与本土化发展 --- p.31 / Chapter 2、 --- 中共文艺意识形态的原则与标准 --- p.33 / Chapter 3、 --- 共产党的文化领导权与新中国文化格局的确立 --- p.35 / Chapter 小结 --- p.39 / Chapter 第一部分 --- 上海市工人文化宮：文化组织的历史与转型 --- p.41 / Chapter 第一章 --- 毛时代的工人文化宮 --- p.41 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人文化宮的建立 --- p.41 / Chapter 1、 --- 工会立法及政策文件出台 --- p.43 / Chapter 2、 --- 行政管理结构与制度设计 --- p.49 / Chapter 3、 --- 经济结构与经费资产管理 --- p.51 / Chapter 4、 --- 服务对象与主体 --- p.53 / Chapter 二、 --- 工人文化宮的定位与功能 --- p.55 / Chapter 1、 --- 文化启蒙 --- p.56 / Chapter 2、 --- 提供文化体育休闲服务 --- p.59 / Chapter 3、 --- 组织业余文艺活动与培养工人文艺人才 --- p.60 / Chapter 4、 --- 文化交流与对外展示 --- p.64 / Chapter 5、 --- 毛时代工人文化宮功能的变动 --- p.65 / Chapter 三、 --- 工人文化宮与城市空间生产 --- p.69 / Chapter 1、 --- 上海市工人文化宮的建宮史 --- p.70 / Chapter 2、 --- 毛时代上海市宮的集体记忆 --- p.75 / Chapter 小结 --- p.83 / Chapter 第二章 --- 市场经济条件下的工人文化宮 --- p.84 / Chapter 一、 --- 体制基础与政策环境的变化 --- p.85 / Chapter 1、 --- 国家文化政策的市场化导向 --- p.86 / Chapter 2、 --- 工会对工人文化宮的政策导向 --- p.87 / Chapter 二、 --- 工人文化宮的市场化转型 --- p.89 / Chapter 1、 --- 经济结构转型与经费来源的改变 --- p.89 / Chapter 2、 --- 权力结构的变化与企业化自主发展 --- p.92 / Chapter 三、 --- 工人文化宮空间的异化与工人主体的消逝 --- p.98 / Chapter 1、 --- 被掏空和异化的工人文化宮 --- p.98 / Chapter 2、 --- 工人文化宮社会认同感的消逝 --- p.102 / Chapter 3、 --- 被遗忘和被取代的工人文化宮 --- p.104 / Chapter 四、 --- 文化宮的职能失范与主要原因 --- p.106 / Chapter 1、 --- 经济独立、收租为生与重商主义 --- p.107 / Chapter 2、 --- 权力结构松散、体制资源匮乏与政治地位下降 --- p.110 / Chapter 3、 --- 精英主义、形式主义与公益性丧失 --- p.115 / Chapter 4、 --- 法律约束力薄弱、社会监管缺乏与滥用职权 --- p.122 / Chapter 本部分小结 --- p.126 / Chapter 第二部分 --- “工人文艺生产的沿革与嬗变：以上海市工人文化宮的话剧生产为例 --- p.128 / Chapter 第一章 --- 毛时代的“工人文艺生产 --- p.130 / Chapter 一、 --- “工人文艺生产的文化政策与文化体制保障 --- p.131 / Chapter 1、 --- “工人文艺的政策要求与发展 --- p.131 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人文艺生产的文化制度保障 --- p.135 / Chapter 二、 --- “工人文艺的生产逻辑与文化景观：以1958年至1960年上海工人话剧运动为例 --- p.138 / Chapter 1、 --- 由上而下的意识形态动员机制 --- p.138 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人文艺的生产机制与方法 --- p.141 / Chapter 3、 --- 作为意识形态审查机制的“工人文艺 --- p.146 / Chapter 4、 --- “工人文艺生产中的矛盾与问题 --- p.149 / Chapter 三、 --- 上海工人文艺经验的自述 --- p.154 / Chapter 小结 --- p.163 / Chapter 第二章 --- 国家文艺政策转折与上海市宮话剧生产的新开端 --- p.166 / Chapter 一、 --- 话剧《于无声处》与国家转折 --- p.167 / Chapter 二、 --- 《于无声处》的成功与后毛时代上海市宮话剧生产的关系 --- p.177 / Chapter 第三章 --- 走向八十年代：政策变动中“工人话剧的变 --- p.180 / Chapter 一、 --- 两种文艺治理观的冲突与阶级话语被取消 --- p.181 / Chapter 二、 --- 由计划到市场过渡时期的“工人话剧生产 --- p.188 / Chapter 1、 --- 文艺生产机制的通变与守循 --- p.189 / Chapter 2、 --- 文艺意识形态的分歧与裂痕 --- p.197 / Chapter 小结 --- p.201 / Chapter 第四章 --- 文化宮转型以来的“工人话剧生产 --- p.202 / Chapter 一、 --- 新的文艺政策环境 --- p.203 / Chapter 1、 --- 国家文艺政策的新目标 --- p.204 / Chapter 2、 --- 国家文艺资助方式的转变 --- p.205 / Chapter 3、 --- 国家对主流价值观的维护与诱导机制 --- p.207 / Chapter 二、 --- 市场经济条件下“工人话剧生产的转型与边缘化 --- p.210 / Chapter 1、 --- 市宮话剧生产的新定位 --- p.210 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人话剧生产方式的变革 --- p.212 / Chapter 3、 --- 创作主体的转型与文化精神被颠覆 --- p.220 / Chapter 本部分小结 --- p.223 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 转型后的问题：工人文化宮如何走向公共文化? --- p.226 / Chapter 第一章 --- 新的政策要求与工人文化宮发展的新方向 --- p.226 / Chapter 一、 --- 走向“公益性文化事业：工人文化宮发展的新政策要求 --- p.227 / Chapter 二、 --- 上海市工人文化宮的新变化与新目标 --- p.229 / Chapter 1、 --- “职工艺术博览汇展馆的新建 --- p.229 / Chapter 2、 --- 上海市宮未来的初步规划与憧憬 --- p.231 / Chapter 3、 --- 对“职工艺术博览汇的实地考察：以“黄浦区职工书画 --- p.234 / Chapter 第二章 --- 重新思考工人文化宮：走向以工人为主体的公共参与 --- p.247 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人文化宮应该去向何方？ --- p.248 / Chapter 二、 --- 今后工人文化宮的构建主体是谁？ --- p.250 / Chapter 讨论与总结 --- p.259 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究发现 --- p.259 / Chapter 二、 --- 社会主义中国文化政策发展的历史脉络与思维逻辑 --- p.266 / Chapter 三、 --- 解读社会主义中国文化政策的发展与转型 --- p.282 / Chapter 四、 --- 走向“文化政策生产的研究 --- p.286 / Chapter 附录1： --- “工人剧作家的个人口述史 --- p.289 / Chapter 一、 --- 宗福先 --- p.290 / Chapter 二、 --- 贾鸿源 --- p.316 / Chapter 三、 --- 曲信先 --- p.336 / Chapter 附录2： --- 上海市工人文化宮历届和现任主任名单 --- p.347 / Chapter 图示1： --- 毛时代工人文化宮的工人阶级文化与空间生产 --- p.260 / Chapter 图示2： --- 市场经济至现阶段工人文化宮的文化与空间生产 --- p.262 / Chapter 图示3： --- 今后文化宮的文化与空间生产有可能的发展趋势 --- p.264 / Chapter 图1： --- 社会主义中国文化政策的场域与思维逻辑 --- p.267 / Chapter 图2： --- 社会主义中国成立之前的中共文化政策理念 --- p.269 / Chapter 图3： --- 计划经济时期中国文化政策的思维逻辑 --- p.271 / Chapter 图4： --- 市场经济时期（至现阶段）中国文化政策的思维逻辑 --- p.276 / Chapter 图5： --- 市场经济条件下中国文化政策潜在与可能的发展趋势 --- p.278 / 参考文献 --- p.348

Containing a prodigious amount of quotes, Han's Duoshu is textually indebted to many others' literary efforts. It quotes edificatory writings of Chinese intellectuals as well as works authored or translated by the Jesuits. Indeed, one of the purposes of this thesis is to clarify the treatise's textual indebtness to works that pertain to the Chinese tradition and the "Western learning." / This thesis argues that Han Lin thus participated in his native Jiangzhou's government-supervised educational activities for two purposes. The first was to propagate the Catholic faith by making use a Confucian, official educational institution. The second was to contribute to the cultivation of moral values and to the restoration of moral order from the local level by incorporating Catholic ethics into local educational material. In this way, the writing of Duoshu aimed to advance both Catholic preaching and Confucian edification on the one hand, and to bring them into coalescence on the other. / This thesis concentrates on the study of the seventeenth-century Chinese treatise Duoshu (Book of Admonitions), authored by the Catholic intellectual Han Lin (1596?-1649). Towards the end of the Ming, the magistrate of Jiangzhou (in Shanxi Province) Sun Shun organized communal pact meetings (xiangyue) shortly after he assumed office, in which local gentries and intellectuals were invited to lecture on the Six Maxims of the Hongwu emperor. Han Lin, a native of Jiangzhou, was one of the lecturers, and Sun's invitation gave him the impulse to write Duoshu. Despite its noticeable Catholic elements, the treatise is neither purely an apologetic work nor mere exposition of Christian doctrines. Although the purpose of expounding the Six Maxims runs through the entire treatise in terms of its contents and structure, Duoshu was written not only to propagate orthodox Confucianism or Ming imperial ideology. Its teaching is found to be more rich and complex than that of a mere commentary on the imperial precepts can be. / To better understand Duoshu, this thesis tries to probe into the life of the author and contextualize the treatise in the light of its relevant social institutions and literary tradition (especially literary genres). Shortly after its publication, Duoshu's circulation aborted amidst the dynastic change. Only after a lapse of over two centuries did the lost work reappear in China. The scholar Chen Yuan (1880-1971) truly grasped Han's writing purpose and wanted to fulfill it in his own time. His philological and editorial efforts made the modern reprint of Duoshu possible. A chapter of this thesis is therefore devoted to this episode of Duoshu's reception history in the Republican era. / 李凌瀚. / Sumitted: 2005年9月[Sept. 2005] / Sumitted: 2005 nian 9 yue [Sept. 2005] / Adviser: Archie C. C. Lee. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-163). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Li Linghan.

關明佳. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 359-392). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Guan Mingjia.

Esta tese analisa as relações entre indígenas e criollos estabelecidas na Argentina e as entre os Maori e os pakeha na Nova Zelândia, entre as décadas de 1820 e 1880. Suas fontes são relatos de viagens, cartas, relatórios, petições, abaixo-assinados, leis e tratados de paz. São acompanhadas as transformações ocorridas no período, traçados os diferentes projetos dos grupos em luta pelo poder político, as aproximações e distanciamentos, e as estratégias de Caciques e Chefes para participar e controlar as redes de trocas, e evitar a perda de poder e territórios. A análise da atuação britânica permitiu estabelecer conexões entre regiões distantes no espaço, mas próximas quanto às situações vividas. A comparação entre uma colônia do Império Britânico e uma república recém-independente permitiu a compreensão da circulação de ideias, pessoas e produtos e a consolidação de imagens e de discursos que estabeleciam diferenças entre anglicanos e católicos, monarquistas e republicanos. Diante da expansão liberal, tanto os indígenas pampeanos quanto os Maori da Nova Zelândia superaram tradicionais rivalidades e tentaram expulsar criollos e pakehas. Quando foram associados à barbárie por colonos, militares e governantes, enfrentaram os exércitos, armados com os mais recentes e eficientes inventos da guerra, do transporte e da comunicação. Combatidos por estratégias etnocidas ou genocidas, foram derrotados, tiveram seus territórios anexados às jurisdições, terras inseridas nos mercados, e as próprias existências independentes suprimidas / a quick turn on the next years. One of the major objectives of the research is the comprehension of , and freedom, and joining in trade networks. The comparison between a British white settler colony and a republic, and Salinas Grandes in Argentina. Associated by settlers, and their own existences as independent were suppressed. The sources analyzed were travel accounts, and willing to defend their own authority, as the King Movement in New Zealand, as whell as the Maori and pakeha in New Zealand, claim, exposed how ideas, from 1826 to 1885. During this time, laws and peace treaties., letters, military and the government to barbarism, native Chiefs united themselves in organized resistance confederations, people and products circulated through the globe. Facing major liberal interests in their lands, recently independent, reports, social and commercial relations between the indigenous peoples of Argentina and the criollos, sovereignty, the political power balance changed from a clear native superiority, their land to the markets, then, they lost their territory to official government jurisdiction, they were attacked by professional armies and their modern guns, This research are focused on comparisons on political, to a draw in the 1850s and, transports and communication. Beaten by ethnocide or genocide strategies

A Alemanha, sob o nazismo, experimentou um processo de inversão moral que, combinado a outros fatores, como o nacionalismo e o racismo em escala nunca vista, levou o país a cometer crimes sem paralelo na História. A partir da base teórica oferecida por Hannah Arendt e por meio da análise de diários de alemães envolvidos diretamente com o nazismo quer como militantes, quer como simpatizantes, quer como críticos , esta pesquisa procura contextualizar esse processo, discutindo como uma sociedade sofisticada e desenvolvida se deixou envolver pela ideia de que sua sobrevivência, em última análise, dependia da destruição do Outro, isto é, dos povos que não integravam seu ideal de civilização e humanidade. O trabalho dedica-se ainda a observar que a inversão moral foi tão completa e abrangente que envolveu igualmente as vítimas e praticamente impediu que surgisse qualquer forma de resistência organizada. Será dada especial ênfase ao papel do pensamento völkisch, que misturava nacionalismo e romantismo em doses suficientes para tornar a violência um valor positivo, e ao papel da burocracia, que transformou o assassinato numa tarefa como outra qualquer, aliviando consciências e viabilizando o genocídio. / Germany, under the Nazi regime, experienced a process of moral inversion which, combined with other factors, such as nationalism and racism on a scale never seen, led the country to commit crimes without parallel in History. Using the theoretical basis offered by Hannah Arendt and analyzing the diaries written by Germans directly involved with Nazism either as militants, as supporters or as critics this research aims to contextualize this process, discussing how a sophisticated and developed society was caught by the idea that its survival ultimately depended on the destruction of the Other, that is, the people who did not belong to its ideal of civilization and humanity. The work also aims to observe that the moral inversion was so complete and comprehensive that also involved victims and prevented the arising of any form of organized resistance. Emphasis will be given to the role of the völkisch movement, that mixed nationalism and romanticism in doses sufficient to transform violence in value, and to the role of the bureaucracy, which turned the murder into a task like any other, relieving consciences and thus enabling genocide.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nasthya Cristina Garcia Pereira.pdf: 759782 bytes, checksum: 9404a9589096adf68e054e603ecb0c22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-23 / From a representative point of view, this thesis seeks to demonstrate the understanding of nature by the governors of the state of Amazonas between the years of 1852 and 1889. Concomitant to this purpose, the view on the social milieu of these representatives of the monarchic power has also been taken into consideration in this discourse. Throughout the almost four decade existence of the province, the general view on nature in this region has been maintained. Nevertheless a new connection is perceived regarding the postures of decrees on the natural environment during the last two decades, presenting themselves as more pragmatic actions for the organization of this environment. Primarily through reports from governors of the Amazon province, the natural and human characteristics of the region are analyzed with the additional intention of outlining the difficulties of implementing the nation s civilization project. This project involved the recognition, as part of the national territory as well as the regional survey, of the people living in secluded areas of the country. Nature played an essential role in the definition of nationality as it contained the most valuable assets of the Brazilian empire, which was seeking to establish itself as a civilized nation that had the knowledge and was essentially able to cultivate the rich uncivilized lands. In the face of the of the civilization project that involved the natural environment as well as the inhabitants of the country, the Amazon governors, defending and representing the same project, explained in their reports the difficult task of its realization. The region has been described as a deserted and backward place; in the reports its still uncultivated nature and its idle and wandering population appear as a problematic reality still subject to transformation. Therefore by proclaiming a dull social state they presented plans and ways of civilizing nature and native tribes and clearly believed Amazon region represented a great promise for the future / Esta Dissertação procurou examinar e interpretar, valendo-se especialmente da noção de representação, as visões de natureza e de meio social que os presidentes da Província do Amazonas, entre os anos de 1852 e 1889, deixaram expressas em seus relatórios de governo. No decorrer de quase quatro décadas de existência da província, a visão geral de natureza deste segmento foi tenazmente mantida; contudo, percebe-se um novo enlace a respeito das atitudes de ordenação do meio natural nas duas últimas décadas, apresentando-se como ações mais pragmáticas para a organização desse ambiente. Por meio, primordialmente, do exame dos relatórios dos presidentes da Província do Amazonas, a particularidade natural e humana da região foi analisada com a intenção complementar de evidenciar as problemáticas para a execução do projeto civilizador defendido pelo Império. Projeto que envolvia a afirmação e o reconhecimento do território nacional junto de um levantamento dos grupos humanos de lugares recônditos do país. Nesse processo, a natureza representou um elemento essencial para a questão da nacionalidade, pois encerrava a maior riqueza e o maior patrimônio do Império brasileiro, que desejava se elevar como nação civilizada com o conhecimento e, especialmente, com o cultivo das ricas terras ainda incultas. Diante do projeto civilizador que envolvia a natureza e os habitantes do país, os presidentes do Amazonas, defensores e representantes desse projeto, explicitaram nos relatórios a difícil tarefa para sua realização. A Província era representada como um lugar deserto e atrasado; a natureza ainda inculta e a população ociosa e errante transparecem nos relatos como elementos de uma realidade problemática, todavia passível de transformação. Embora descrevessem um estado social desanimador, não deixaram de apresentar os planos e os meios para civilizar a natureza e os grupos humanos, e claramente acreditaram que o Amazonas representava uma grande promessa para o futuro

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-16T12:13:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Miranda Lewin.pdf: 1045815 bytes, checksum: 0f5dd59b269caf6d3fc1212f91015f8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T12:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Miranda Lewin.pdf: 1045815 bytes, checksum: 0f5dd59b269caf6d3fc1212f91015f8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / It addresses the human behavior found in the Liquid Modernity of Zygmunt Bauman, focusing on the analysis of the individual consumer, the historicity of the dignity of the human person and the achievements of people through Law, while society does not stop going through several behavioral changes intimately linked to modern life. The theme of the humanization of consumer objects in the face of human reification is also present as a way of punctuating the social crisis of people's identity, but also through access to justice, the right means a way to rescue the dignity of the person In a consumer society / Aborda o comportamento humano encontrado na Modernidade Líquida de Zygmunt Bauman, com foco na análise do indivíduo consumidor, a historicidade da dignidade da pessoa humana e as conquistas obtidas pelas pessoas por meio do Direito, enquanto a sociedade não para de passar por diversas mudanças de comportamento intimamente ligadas à vida Moderna. A temática da humanização de objetos de consumo face à coisificação humana também se faz presentes como forma de bem pontuar a crise social de identidade das pessoas, como também o Direito se tornou, por meio do acesso à justiça, uma proposta para o resgate da dignidade da pessoa humana numa sociedade de consumo

[pt] Desde o último terço do século XIX a Monarquia brasileira buscou afirmar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro a sua legitimidade enquanto instituição responsável pelo governo do país através da idéia de civilização, que se buscou vincular à noção de progresso. A associação destas duas idéias nas últimas décadas do Oitocentos operou-se de forma que a noção de progresso encontrasse-se subordinada àquela de civilização, valor máximo a ser exaltado pela Monarquia. Com a abolição da escravidão e a ascensão da República uma nova organização política foi desenvolvida bem como uma nova maneira dos cariocas perceberem a sua situação na sociedade; uma nova percepção que ganhou forte impulso com o fenômeno econômico do encilhamento. Este conjunto de transformações fomentou uma nova relação entre as noções de progresso e de civilização. Nesta, a primeira, cada vez mais conotada no seu aspecto de desenvolvimento material, passava a ser percebida como uma idéia de maior relevância que a segunda. A Grande Reforma Urbana de 1903-1906, foi um momento de coadunação das duas formas de relacionamento/subordinação entre as idéias de progresso e de civilização. A reforma urbana empreendida pelo Governo Federal, através do Presidente Rodrigues Alves, buscou afirmar no espaço urbano do Rio de Janeiro a relação entre estas duas idéias que foi conformada no período republicano. De maneira diversa, a reforma urbana conduzida pelo Governo Municipal, através do Prefeito Pereira Passos, procurou vincar na mesma cidade a relação de subordinação entre as idéias de progresso e de civilização produzidas no Império. / [en] Since the last third of the 19th century, the monarchy tried to affirm its legitimacy as the institution in charge of Brazilian government using the idea of civilization associated with the notion of progress. This association took place in the last two decades of the 19th century in such a way that the notion of progress was subordinate to the idea of civilization as the highest monarchy value. With the slavery abolishment and the establishment of the republican regime, a new political organization as well as a new perspective about the society by the Rio de Janeiro citizens was developed. The economic crises known as encilhamento reinforced that new perception. These social and political transformations led to a new relation between the notions of progress and civilization. The idea of progress, increasingly related with material development, took up the organizational role that was attached, since then, to the idea of civilization. The Great Urban Reform of 1903-1906 was the moment of combination of the two forms of relationship and subordination between the ideas of progress and civilization. The urban reform made by the Federal Government, during the presidency of Rodrigues Alves, attempted to affirm in the Rio de Janeiro urban space the relations between these two ideas consolidated in the republican regime. Otherwise, the urban reform implemented by the Rio de Janeiro local government - conducted by mayor Pereira Passos - tried to apply to the city the same primacy of the idea of civilization produced during the imperial regime.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-01-05T16:03:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA GUI¿ARDI CARDOSO.pdf: 706713 bytes, checksum: 0659604a30b7c10ae06db322d6ea30c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-05T16:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA GUI¿ARDI CARDOSO.pdf: 706713 bytes, checksum: 0659604a30b7c10ae06db322d6ea30c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 / This dissertation has as objective performing a critical study of the work A Transcivilizational Perspective on International Law, by Onuma Yasuaki. By studying this work, it will be expanded the visions of world ordinations through three perspectives, which will allow a better understanding of international law and the issues that frighten humanity in twenty-first century world. At first a study will be made of that work, in order to present the main ideas revealed by Onuma Yasuaki. Then, it will be emphasized the cultural and historical aspects of humanity, including the concepts of civilization, collective memory and identity. Finally, it will be emphasized views of other researchers of international law, and their relationship with the view of the author studied. To perform this study, it will be used the dialectical method, adjusting conclusions based on bibliographic research. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a realização de um estudo crítico sobre o livro A Transcivilizational Perspective on International Law, de Onuma Yasuaki. Por meio do estudo desse exemplar, serão ampliadas as visões de ordenações mundiais por meio de três perspectivas, que permitirão uma melhor compreensão do Direito Internacional e das questões que sobressaltam a humanidade no mundo do século XXI. Em um primeiro momento, far-se-á um estudo da referida obra, procurando expor as ideias principais reveladas por Onuma Yasuaki. Após, serão salientados os aspectos culturais e históricos da humanidade, entre eles o conceito de civilização, a memória coletiva e as identidades. Finalmente, serão evidenciadas visões de outros estudiosos do Direito Internacional, e como essas se relacionam com a visão do autor estudado. Para a realização deste estudo, será utilizado o método dialético, valendo-se de construções baseadas em pesquisas bibliográficas.