This study compared simulated sales negotiations with authentic negotiations. Specifically, three areas of language were considered: (i) chat phases, (ii) mitigation in disagreements, and (iii) argumentation. Findings indicated that greatly reduced use of chat phases in the simulations led to an impoverishment of the interactional aspect of communication. A statistical analysis indicated that mitigation of disagreements was significantly reduced when compared to authentic negotiations. Finally, in spite of the difference noted between professional and non-professional negotiators in the simulated negotiations, a significant increase in the use of argumentation was found in the simulations. Even though further research would be required, it could be hypothesized that these differences may be attributed to the one-off nature of simulations, the absence of a surrounding business context and the intrinsic difficulty of using interactional language in simulations. These factors should be considered when simulations are used and designed for business and LSP training courses. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

摘要 在知識經濟時代，專利侵權訴訟的重要性與日俱增。面對專利紛爭全球化的趨勢，台灣的專利侵權訴訟機制也需有所變革。其中，最重要也最亟需改善的部分，即是專利侵權訴訟的審前階段。此舉不僅得以落實憲法所保障的程序權，更是營造優良知識經濟環境的必經途徑。 專利侵權訴訟與一般傳統訴訟不同，係為法律面、科技面、管理面三者的結合，具有其特殊性，諸如：訴訟標的之權利範圍非屬明確、具有高度的商業利益色彩、訴訟成本高昂、專業性及科技知識含量高、準備與取證程序繁複、公法與私法交錯的領域等。吾人首應正視上開特性，在無體財產權的法理上，建構異於傳統訴訟的智慧財產訴訟觀。其次，現階段台灣專利侵權訴訟的運作模式，存有若干亟待改善之缺失，包括：法官專業化程度不足、不當使用或依賴鑑定制度、訴訟時程冗長、法院缺乏良善的案件管理、當事人與律師尚未能落實其協力義務、事證蒐集程序未臻精緻等。 欲改善台灣現今專利侵權訴訟的運作缺失，可以從參考美國制度著手。美國現為專利侵權訴訟案件量最多的國家，司法判決所累積的關於如何完善專利訴訟的各種實務見解以及學術文獻討論也最為豐富，周邊制度如律師、專利代理人及專家證人等也最為發達完備。美國專利侵權訴訟亦為民事訴訟之一種，由美國聯邦訴訟規則所規範，受聯邦法院所管轄。第一審為事實審，由聯邦地區法院負責審理，由陪審團或法官作最終的決定。美國專利侵權訴訟的審前程序，最特出的部分是專利權利範圍的界定與事證蒐集程序，並由法官之案件管理貫穿其中。因為審前訴訟的精緻化，加上訴訟成本高昂，美國的專利侵權訴訟案件進入最後審訊程序者不到百分之五，當事人在審前階段即以和解等方式解決紛爭。另外，律師在美國專利訴訟的審前階段也扮演了重要角色。在事證蒐集程序中，律師需協助當事人開示己方的事證，以及解讀、過濾對造所開示的事證；訴訟法規與執業倫理對於違反訴訟義務的律師並賦予相當的制裁。 欲改善台灣專利侵權訴訟的審前程序，首應注重專利權利範圍的界定，並由當事人及律師就專利的有效性與否作論辯攻防。其次，法院應加強案件管理，讓訴訟時程及早確定，並藉由中間裁判的方式將紛爭於審前階段解決。最重要的是，在事證蒐集程序上，可採行美國的事證開示程序，將兩造各自擁有的事證及早揭露，並同時注意當事人秘匿特權的保護。 在日、韓之後，台灣也即將設立智財專業法院，本研究認為，應在訴訟程序上作根本的變革，以符合全球化專利訴訟的需求。在訴訟法理方面，以一元化的審判程序解決專利侵權紛爭、職權調查主義的限縮與排除、客觀舉證責任的緩和等，均是未來立法時值得採納的方向。

My interest in this research was to interview leaders and members of the three communities within the Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality as well as officials of the Regional Land Claims Commission (RLCC). The purpose of the discussions was to find out how the communities involved Government when lodging land claims. The three communities are, Bakwena Ba- Kopa, Bakgaga Ba-Kopa and Masakaneng. The research yielded the following findings: 1. All the three communities followed the correct procedures regarding the relevant legislation and policies when they lodged their land claims. 2. Government played its role through the RLCC by assisting the communities in their endeavor to have their land restored. 3. In the interaction between Government and the communities challenges were encountered that at times led to the delay of the settlements. 4. When the communities keep patient during the land claim processes and Government officials are dedicated to assist the communities, the chance of positive outcomes is maximised. There is evidence that Government made progress to ensure that the affected communities have the dispossessed land restored. However, there is still a lot to be done in addressing the outstanding issues. To handle these matters, as indicated below, co-ordination and interaction between Government and the communities is crucial. One can point out these obstacles by focusing on the three affected communities respectively. Masakaneng: There is a need to tackle the challenge of the concerned group that led to the emergence of another committee in the process. This delays the formal negotiations with the municipality to help facilitate the delivery of the necessary services. Bakwena Ba-Kopa: The role-players missed the time-frames that were targeted for settlement. Government will have to speed up the matter and finalise the settlement, seeing that the beneficiaries have been waiting for many years. Bakgaga Ba-Kopa: Only portion one of RietKloof was restored to the community. The community is eagerly awaiting Government to help facilitate the restoration of the remaining portion. This community also needs to play its part in ensuring that the other sections of the land are restored. It is important that they go back to the drawing board as beneficiaries and tackle the prevailing differences so that they end up with a unanimous stand on this matter. To conclude: It is quite evident that the democratic government post-1994 is committed and prepared to restore the dignity of the black people who were forcibly removed from land they and their ancestors occupied. Government is assisting in this matter by providing all the necessary resources to ensure that land restoration is a success. For Government to succeed, the affected communities must also play their role within the parameters of the relevant legislation. This is what the land Acts expect of all the beneficiaries. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

L’actuariat non-vie étudie les différents aspects quantitatifs de l’activité d’assurance. Cette thèse vise à expliquer sous différentes perspectives les interactions entre les différents agents économiques, l’assuré, l’assureur et le marché, sur un marché d’assurance. Le chapitre 1 souligne à quel point la prise en compte de la prime marché est importante dans la décision de l’assuré de renouveler ou non son contrat d’assurance avec son assureur actuel. La nécessitéd’un modèle de marché est établie. Le chapitre 2 répond à cette problématique en utilisant la théorie des jeux non-coopératifs pour modéliser la compétition. Dans la littérature actuelle, les modèles de compétition seréduisent toujours à une optimisation simpliste du volume de prime basée sur une vision d’un assureur contre le marché. Partant d’un modèle de marché à une période, un jeu d’assureurs est formulé, où l’existence et l’unicité de l’équilibre de Nash sont vérifiées. Les propriétés des primes d’équilibre sont étudiées pour mieux comprendre les facteurs clés d’une position dominante d’un assureur par rapport aux autres. Ensuite, l’intégration du jeu sur une période dans un cadre dynamique se fait par la répétition du jeu sur plusieurs périodes. Une approche par Monte-Carlo est utilisée pour évaluer la probabilité pour un assureur d’être ruiné, de rester leader, de disparaître du jeu par manque d’assurés en portefeuille. Ce chapitre vise à mieux comprendre la présence de cycles en assurance non-vie. Le chapitre 3 présente en profondeur le calcul effectif d’équilibre de Nash pour n joueurs sous contraintes, appelé équilibre de Nash généralisé. Il propose un panorama des méthodes d’optimisation pour la résolution des n sous-problèmes d’optimisation. Cette résolution sefait à l’aide d’une équation semi-lisse basée sur la reformulation de Karush-Kuhn-Tucker duproblème d’équilibre de Nash généralisé. Ces équations nécessitent l’utilisation du Jacobiengénéralisé pour les fonctions localement lipschitziennes intervenant dans le problème d’optimisation.Une étude de convergence et une comparaison des méthodes d’optimisation sont réalisées.Enfin, le chapitre 4 aborde le calcul de la probabilité de ruine, un autre thème fondamentalde l’assurance non-vie. Dans ce chapitre, un modèle de risque avec dépendance entre lesmontants ou les temps d’attente de sinistre est étudié. De nouvelles formules asymptotiquesde la probabilité de ruine en temps infini sont obtenues dans un cadre large de modèle de risquesavec dépendance entre sinistres. De plus, on obtient des formules explicites de la probabilité deruine en temps discret. Dans ce modèle discret, l’analyse structure de dépendance permet dequantifier l’écart maximal sur les fonctions de répartition jointe des montants entre la versioncontinue et la version discrète. / In non-life actuarial mathematics, different quantitative aspects of insurance activity are studied.This thesis aims at explaining interactions among economic agents, namely the insured,the insurer and the market, under different perspectives. Chapter 1 emphasizes how essentialthe market premium is in the customer decision to lapse or to renew with the same insurer.The relevance of a market model is established.In chapter 2, we address this issue by using noncooperative game theory to model competition.In the current literature, most competition models are reduced to an optimisationof premium volume based on the simplistic picture of an insurer against the market. Startingwith a one-period model, a game of insurers is formulated, where the existence and uniquenessof a Nash equilibrium are verified. The properties of premium equilibria are examinedto better understand the key factors of leadership positions over other insurers. Then, thederivation of a dynamic framework from the one-period game is done by repeating of theone-shot game over several periods. A Monte-Carlo approach is used to assess the probabilityof being insolvent, staying a leader, or disappearing of the insurance game. This gives furtherinsights on the presence of non-life insurance market cycles.A survey of computational methods of a Nash equilibrium under constraints is conductedin Chapter 3. Such generalized Nash equilibrium of n players is carried out by solving asemismooth equation based on a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker reformulation of the generalized Nashequilibrium problem. Solving semismooth equations requires using the generalized Jacobianfor locally Lipschitzian function. Convergence study and method comparison are carried out.Finally, in Chapter 4, we focus on ruin probability computation, another fundemantalpoint of non-life insurance. In this chapter, a risk model with dependence among claimseverity or claim waiting times is studied. Asymptotics of infinite-time ruin probabilitiesare obtained in a wide class of risk models with dependence among claims. Furthermore,we obtain new explicit formulas for ruin probability in discrete-time. In this discrete-timeframework, dependence structure analysis allows us to quantify the maximal distance betweenjoint distribution functions of claim severity between the continuous-time and the discrete

The following diploma thesis is called "The scope of liability to damages under the Commercial Code". I have chosen this theme because the damages are one of the most important legal instrument and in accordance with the actual practice of the courts and legislative development also a dynamically developing part of the civil law with perspective on the new attitude to this instrument with respect to the draft bill of the new Civil Code. The aim of the thesis is to acquaint the reader with the current legislation, compare current legislation with respective court decision and opinions of the juristic community and offer new look on the issue. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first one is a preface and defines the matter of thesis. The last one is a conclusion and contains the final look on the scope of liability to damages under the Commercial Code and the brief review of conclusions contained in the thesis. Chapter Two deals with legal regulation of formation of the liability to damages and is composed of three parts, each of them is dealing with different matter of this formation. Part One contains the basic precondition, which shall be met in order to claim damages according to the Commercial Code. Part Two focuses on the duty to inform about the occurred damage. Part Three looks at...

Este trabalho trata fundamentalmente da admissibilidade dos julgamentos parciais do mérito e de questões de mérito no sistema processual civil brasileiro, considerando especialmente o modelo constitucional de processo civil, bem como no sistema processual prospectivo previsto no Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil, que deve entrar vigor em breve. Com este objetivo, será abordado no início da dissertação o dogma da unidade estrutural da sentença, sua origem, fundamentos e aplicabilidade no processo civil brasileiro, já que esse dogma parece ser o principal óbice que se opõe à realização dos julgamentos parciais. Em seguida, procede-se à análise da natureza dos pronunciamentos judiciais em que se realizam os julgamentos parciais, quando admitidos no CPC/73, para defini-los como decisões interlocutórias de mérito (ou de questões de mérito) ou sentenças parciais e intermediárias. Além disso, pretende-se estabelecer os pressupostos autorizadores dos julgamentos parciais, para que, assim, esses julgamentos sejam realizados de forma eficiente e em prol da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Trata-se ainda os julgamentos parciais na arbitragem e suas particularidades decorrentes das disposições específicas da Lei de Arbitragem e das características específicas do processo arbitral. Finalmente, nos capítulos finais deste estudo enfrentam-se os obstáculos que geralmente se colocam à realização dos julgamentos parciais relativamente ao âmbito recursal e à formação da coisa julgada. Para esse fim, são abordados a teoria dos capítulos de sentença, os efeitos dos recursos e, especialmente, a formação gradual da coisa julgada à luz da doutrina, da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores e também do Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil. / This paper deals essentially with the possibility of rendering partial judgments on the merits and on issues of merits in the Brazilian Civil Procedure, considering especially the constitutional framework of civil procedure, as well as in the prospective procedural system provided by the New Code of Civil Procedure bill, which shall be in force soon. With this goal, the principle of the indivisibility of the award on merits, its origins, its grounds and its applicability to the Brazilian Civil Procedure are addressed in the beginning of the dissertation, as this principle seems to be the main obstacle against the partial judgments. Following this, the nature of the judicial decisions in wich the partial judgments take place when admitted by the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 shall be analysed, in order to characterize them either as interlocutory decisions on the merits (or on issues of merits) or as partial and intermediate awards. In addition, there is a focus on clarifying the conditions in which partial judgments can be rendered, in order to carried out in and efficient fashion, and hence contributing to the effectiveness of the judicial relief. Moreover, the partial judgments in arbitration, as well as their particularities arisen from the specific provisions under the Arbitration Act and singular characteristics of arbitral procedure are analysed. The final chapters of this paper face the obstacles associated with appeals and with claim preclusion that are usually posed against the rendering of partial judgments. For this scope, there shall be addressed the theory of chapters of the award, the effects of the appeals, and specially the gradual claim preclusion in view of the scholars opinions, the case law of the Higher Courts, and also under the New Code of Civil Procedure bill.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Georges Abboud.pdf: 1680928 bytes, checksum: d48a0153ad6961646c7424df74db0d57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-06 / The present work aims to examine the principle procedural aspects related to the unconstitutional decision. Thus, the following institutes will be explained: claim preclusion (res judicata), erga omnes effect and binding effect. All of them will be explained and compared with the similar effects of the comparative law. After identifying these effects and demonstrating their differences, we will examine how they affect the different types of unconstitutional decisions. Therefore, the interpretative, manipulative and restrictive decisions will be discussed. Finally, we will examine the recent institute of abridgment of law, showing what the similarities and differences in relation to the decisions in the concentrated control of constitutionality / O presente trabalho tem por escopo examinar os principais aspectos processuais relacionados à decisão de inconstitucionalidade. Assim, serão analisados os seguintes institutos: coisa julgada, efeito erga omnes e efeito vinculante. Todos eles serão explicados e confrontados com os efeitos existentes no direito comparado. Após identificarmos esses efeitos e demonstrarmos suas diferenças, passaremos a examinar como eles incidem na tipologia das decisões de inconstitucionalidade. Desse modo, abordaremos as decisões interpretativas, manipulativas e limitativas. Por fim, examinaremos o recente instituto das súmulas vinculantes, demonstrando quais são suas semelhanças e diferenças em relação às decisões proferidas no controle concentrado de constitucionalidade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Marco Antonio Ferreira de Souza.pdf: 2114565 bytes, checksum: 0c343463353326e5371d4a8d0734a377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-28 / Functional foods and nutraceuticals represent a kind of food that provides physiological and health benefits beside basic nutrition. Far from being conventional food, they are positioned as an alternative for some traditional and complimentary medicinal products. The first appearance of this novel type of food occurred in Japan in the 80?s, when some food were researched and used to tackle the progressive increase of health related diseases that promoted drastic drop in public health indices. This experience lead to the creation of a new product category initially called functional food, renamed later as food for special health use or FOSHU. The USA amplified this experience giving to it a remarkable visibility. Although they had not formalized a new product category this food begin to be called as nutraceutical. This new perspective of tackling the diet and health relation meant a significative change in the institutional environment of producing and promoting public health since it offers to agro food system players a primacy up to now permitted only to Pharmaceuticals Company. This thesis searched to provide a wide visibility panel of the raising of this novel type of food and an analysis of its repercussion on the agro food system. It began with the characterization of food provisioning modes considering the centrality exerted by quality over the agro food system competition dynamics. Convention economy concepts were applied to uncover different food quality justifications. An institutionalization approach was assumed in order to provide a deep compreenhension of the meaning of these novel types of food and of its raising. It resulted in a framework that accounted for three different arenas in that the process itself develops: scientific, regulatory and market. The analysis involved the experiences of Brasil, Japan, USA and European Union. Even though this process represent a new momentum for the agro food question, it favors most those player concerned with the industrial mode of food provisioning, mainly the ingredient and final food industry giants. Those players concerned with alternative food initiatives face obstacles related to complex regulatory framework and scientific requirements. These reflect the trend of regulatory framework in focusing on functional substances rather than products, even those in natura. To come into reality functional foods and nutraceuticals demands truly value systems based on the complex coordination of expensive and time-consuming scientific and productive activities. All of them completely adverse for small and medium size companies to cope with. / Alimentos funcionais e nutrac?uticos s?o apresentados como alimentos que, al?m de suas fun??es b?sicas nutricionais, demonstram benef?cios fisiol?gicos e/ou reduzem o risco de doen?as cr?nicas. Eles se afastam dos alimentos ditos convencionais e ficam posicionados como produtos diferenciados e uma alternativa para o processo de cuidado com a sa?de. Tais alimentos acabam dividindo com alguns produtos da medicina tradicional e alternativa o importante espa?o simb?lico de produ??o de sa?de. A primeira experi?ncia pr?tica ocorreu no Jap?o nos anos 80, quando o governo estimulou a pesquisa e uso de alimentos como aliados na melhoria dos ?ndices de sa?de publica do pa?s. O esfor?o originou o conceito de alimentos funcionais e estimulou a cria??o de uma categoria de alimentos classificada como alimentos funcionais, mais tarde modificada para FOSHU ou food for special health purpose. Nos EUA essa experi?ncia foi amplificada e esses alimentos s?o mais conhecidos como nutrac?uticos, por?m sem reconhecimento formal. Esta nova perspectiva para abordar a rela??o dieta e sa?de representa uma mudan?a significativa no ambiente institucional relativo a produ??o e promo??o de sa?de p?blica, pois concede aos atores do sistema agroalimentar uma primazia at? ent?o permitida apenas ?s empresas de medicamentos. Esta tese teve como objetivo a constru??o de um amplo painel de visibilidade da ascens?o desses novos alimentos, baseado na descri??o da trajet?ria desses termos e na an?lise das repercuss?es dessa transforma??o institucional sobre a quest?o agroalimentar. A quest?o agroalimentar foi caracterizada a partir da an?lise das modalidades correntes de fornecimento de alimento, objetivo alcan?ado atrav?s do uso dos conceitos da Economia das Conven??es. Para fins de conceitua??o e descri??o da trajet?ria procurou-se caracterizar o processo de institucionaliza??o dos novos alimentos, explorando os aspectos cient?ficos, regulamentares e mercadol?gicos. Al?m do Brasil foram analisadas as experi?ncias japonesa, americana e europ?ia. Embora represente um novo momento para a quest?o agroalimentar, verificou-se que a institucionaliza??o favorece principalmente aos atores associados ? modalidade industrial de fornecimento de alimentos: ind?stria processadora e fabricantes de alimentos finais. Em detrimentos aos interesses de projetos alternativos de fornecimento de alimentos com qualidade diferenciada, como os org?nicos e a produ??o local. Os pa?ses que aderiram a esta reclassifica??o dos alimentos t?m privilegiado a cria??o de complexas estruturas regulamentares para avaliar e liberar o uso de alega??es de sa?de para alimentos e o foco sobre subst?ncias e n?o sobre os alimentos, mesmo aqueles in natura. Para se tornarem realidade, tais alimentos demandam a cria??o de verdadeiros sistemas de valor que implicam a coordena??o de atividades cient?ficas e produtivas bastante onerosas para pequenas e m?dias empresas.

運用傳統再保險契約移轉風險受限於承保能量的逐年波動，尤其自90年代起，全球巨災頻繁，保險人損失巨幅增加，承保能量急遽萎縮，基於巨災市場之資金需求，再保險轉向資本市場，預期將巨災風險移轉至投資人，促成保險衍生性金融商品之創新，本研究針對佔有顯著交易量的巨災風險債券進行分析，基於Cummins和Geman (1995)所建構巨災累積損失模型，引用Duffie 與Singleton (1999)於違約債券的計價模式，將折現利率表示為短期利率加上事故發生率及預期損失比例之乘積，並將債券期間延長至多年期，以符合市場承保的需求，應用市場無套利假設及平賭測度計價的方法計算合理的市場價值，巨災損失過程將分成損失發展期與損失確定期，以卜瓦松過程表示巨災發生頻率，並利用台灣巨災經驗資料建立合適之損失幅度模型，最後以蒙地卡羅方法針對三種不同型態的巨災風險債券試算合理價值，並具體結論所得的數值結果與後續之研究建議。 / Using traditional reinsurance treaties to transfer insurance risks are restrained due to the volatility of the underwriting capacity annually. Catastrophe risks have substantially increased since the early 1990s and have directly resulted significant claim losses for the insurers. Hence the insurers are pursuing the financial capacities from the capital market. Transferring the catastrophe risks to the investor have stimulated the financial innovation for the insurance industry. In this study, pricing issues for the heavily traded catastrophe risk bonds (CAT-bond) are investigated. The aggregated catastrophe loss model in Cummins and Geman (1995) are adopted. While the financial techniques in valuing the defaultable bonds in Duffie and Singleton (1999) are employed to determine the fair prices incorporating the claim hazard rates and the loss severity. The duration of the CAT-bonds is extended from single year to multiple years in order to meet the demand from the reinsurance market. Non- arbitrage theory and martingale measures are employed to determine their fair market values. The contract term of the CAT-bonds is divided into the loss period and the development period. The frequency of the catastrophe risk is modeled through the Poisson process. Taiwan catastrophe loss experiences are examined to build the plausible loss severity model. Three distant types of CAT-bonds are analyzed through Monte Carlo method for illustrations. This paper concludes with remarks regarding some pricing issues of CAT-bonds.

都市更新權利變換運作過程中的土地權利人與實施者的關係，是現代經濟活動典型的專業分工委託代理關係。土地權利人與實施者基於都市更新法制下相關的權利義務契約，執行都市更新事業，由於訊息不對稱、目標不一致與風險偏好之差異，實施者基於機會主義的決策或行動，經常不利於土地權利人的利益，於是產生代理問題、增加代理成本，雙方無法產生高度互信的基礎，而成為都市更新延宕與成效不彰的主因。本論文從土地權利人與實施者之間，於都市更新條例機制下的互動契約中，探討分析雙方之委託代理關係，並從土地權利人的角度設計監督方式，以維護土地權利人的權益，促進都市更新事業之實施。 當土地權利人與實施者，共同於一都市更新單元，組成生產團隊時，土地權利人初期擁有較強的提議與同意之控制權，隨著實施者握有超過都市更新法定之同意書門檻後，實施者掌握較強的執行控制權，土地權利人擁有較弱的監督控制權。又現行都市更新權利變換的價值分配，是實施者投入共同負擔費用，並以更新完成後之土地與建築物部分折價抵付，其餘土地及建築物則分配與原土地所有權人，因此土地權利人得到大部分的剩餘索取權。這樣的控制權與剩餘索取權分離狀態下，其權利變換價值分配模式，是否為適當的產權安排？對於都市更新參與人能否有所激勵？能否促進都市更新之推動效率？是本論文主要的探討分析重點。 此外，同一更新單元之土地權利人與實施者，具有短期且為一次性合作的特性，依現行都市更新法律規範，交易雙方以簽訂同意書做為實施都市更新事業的關鍵契約，由於契約簽定後，交易雙方所投入的特殊投資比例不相同，因而普遍引起期初契約簽署的遲疑，甚而契約簽定後，仍有權利義務不明確之爭議。本論文透過不完全契約理論的思維，探討分析土地權利人與實施者的契約關係與特殊投資關係，並建議一個新的交易契約模式，以降低雙方之機會主義行為，進而希能促進都市更新事業之推動。 / In the process of rights transformation of urban renewal, the relationships between land owners and the implementers are the typical Principal-Agent Relationship in modern economic activities. Based on the related rights and obligations under the regulations of urban renewal, land owners and the implementers execute urban renewal business. Due to the differences of asymmetric information, inconsistent goals, and risk preference, the decision-making and/or actions of implementers based on the opportunism, will often unfavorable to the benefits of land owners. Therefore, the problem of Principal-Agent Relationship arises that increases agent cost. Both sides cannot generate the foundation of highly mutual trust, and thus creates the major reason of delaying and inefficiency for urban renewal. This paper studies and analyzes the Principal-Agent Relationship of both land owners and the implementers from both sides with their interaction of contract under unban renewal regulation mechanism, and further from the land owners perspective to design ways of monitoring to protect rights and benefits of land owners, to facilitate the implementation of urban renewal business. When the land owners and the implementers organize as a「Production Team」on a very urban renewal unit, the land owners initially hold stronger control rights on both proposing step and agreement step; along the implementers hold agreement letters exceeding the official threshold of urban renewal regulations, they will control better execution rights, and the landowners hold weaker surveillance control rights. The current value allocation of rights transformation for urban renewal employs common sharing of expenses with the implementers. After deducting the common sharing of the discounted price substitute payment of the land and buildings after the rights transformation, the remaining lands and buildings shall be allocated to the original landowners according to the rights value proportion before each piece of land rights was transformed. In so doing, the land owners obtain most of the residual claim. Under such separation of the control rights and the residual claim, whether the value allocation of the rights transformation is as suitable arrangement for property rights? Will it be the incentives to the urban renewal participants? Whether it will facilitate the efficiency of urban renewal promotion? These are the main points of the analysis of this paper. Land owners and the implementers with the same Renewal Unit retain a short-term and once-for-all cooperative nature. According to the regulations of current Urban Renewal Act, both parties of the transaction by signing an agreement as the key contract of implementing urban renewal business. After signing up the contract, due to the different ratio of specific investment input by both sides of the transaction, the initial contract thus normally has been delaying or doubtfully signed. Even worse, after eventually signing the contract, there are still uncertain disputes on rights and obligations. Via the thoughts of Incomplete Contracts Theory, this paper not only analyzes the contractual relationship and the specific investment relationship of land owners and the implementers, but also recommends a new transaction contract model to decrease the opportunism behaviors of both sides, and further more, to facilitate the implement of urban renewal business.