`Resurrection' can be approached from several angles. The most common angle is what this study avoids: pressing for a `yes' or a `no' answer as to whether `Jesus really rose from the dead'. That is, demanding a definitive and final outcome from the discipline of historical-critical research. This study treats resurrection as a symbol. Symbols intrinsically generate multiple meanings. Historical, hermeneutical and gospel-critical parameters are the constraints within which reflection on the symbol of resurrection must take place, and the validity of perspectives be established. John Dominic Crossan's view of the resurrection is the focal point of discussion in this thesis, for two reasons. (1) He has clearly mapped out his method. (2) He occupies a middle position, by interpreting resurrection metaphorically and theologically. This sets him apart from those who interpret the resurrection literally and historically and those who accept the negative or uncertain outcome from the side of historical-critical inquiry as the death sentence for Christian faith. / New Testament / M.Th. (New Testament)

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lessor's tacit hypothec improves the chances of the lessor to recover rent in arrears. This real security right arises by operation of law and attaches to the lessee's movable property found on the leased premises when rent is due but not paid. The extension of the lessor‟s tacit hypothec to third parties' property is the remedy's most controversial feature. The extension is supposedly based on one of two theoretical justifications, namely implied consent and the doctrine of estoppel. According to the implied-consent theory, the extension is based on the premise that the third party consented (explicitly or by implication) that his property can serve as security for the payment of the lessee's arrear rent. The basis of the second theory, the doctrine of estoppel, operates as a limitation on the rei vindicatio of the third party. Over the years discourse has shown that there are uncertainties surrounding these justifications. Recent debate has also shown that if constitutionally challenged, the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec could amount to arbitrary deprivation of third parties' property. The aim of this thesis is to establish whether and how the existing common law principles that provide for the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec over property belonging to third parties are affected by section 25(1) of the Constitution. Consequently, the thesis describes, analyses and scrutinises the general principles regulating the lessor's tacit hypothec, and more specifically the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec to third parties' property, in view of section 25(1) of the Constitution. Taking into considering the recent statutory protection of third parties' property, the thesis concludes that the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec does not constitute an arbitrary deprivation of third parties' property because correct application of the common law principles that provide for the extension and the statutory protection that has been introduced to exclude a large number of cases from the reach of the extension adequately protect third parties' property interests. Therefore, the requirements of section 25(1) are satisfied. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verhuurder se stilswyende hipoteek verbeter sy kanse om agterstallige huur van sy huurder in te vorder. Wanneer die huur opeisbaar word, maar die huurder versuim om tydig te betaal, kom hierdie saaklike sekerheidsreg deur regswerking tot stand en dit dek alle roerende sake wat op die verhuurde perseel gevind word. Die uitbreiding van die stilwyende hipoteek na eiendom wat aan derde partye behoort is die remedie se mees kontroversiële eienskap. Hierdie uitbreiding van die hipoteek se toepassingsveld berus na bewering op een van twee regverdigingsgronde, naamlik die derde se geïmpliseerde toestemming en die leerstuk van estoppel. Volgens die geïmpliseerde toestemming-teorie kan die hipoteek na derdes se bates uitgebrei word op die veronderstelling dat sodanige derde partye toegestem het (uitdruklik of by implikasie) dat hulle eiendom as sekuriteit vir betaling van die huurder se agterstallige huur mag dien. Die tweede teorie steun op die beperking wat die leerstuk van estoppel op die rei vindicatio van die derde party plaas. Oor die jare het debatte aangedui dat daar onsekerhede rondom hierdie regverdigingsgronde bestaan. Onlangse debatte het ook aangetoon dat, indien dit grondwetlik getoets word, die uitbreiding van die hipoteek moontlik mag neerkom op ‟n arbitrêre ontneming van die derdes se eiendom. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of en hoe die bestaande gemeenregtelike beginsels wat die stilswyende hipoteek na bates van derdes uitbrei deur artikel 25(1) van die Grondwet beïnvloed word. Die tesis bespreek, analiseer en toets gevolglik die algemene beginsels van die verhuurder se stilswyende hipoteek, en meer spesifiek die uitbreiding van die hipoteek na bates wat aan derdes behoort, in die lig van artikel 25(1) van die Grondwet. Met inagneming van die beskerming wat derde party se eiendom in terme van onlangse wetgewing geniet, bevind die tesis dat die uitgebreide toepassing van die stilswyende hipoteek nie op ʼn arbitrêre ontneming van derde partye se eiendom neerkom nie omdat korrekte toepassing van die gemeenregtelike beginsels wat vir die uitbreiding voorsiening maak, in kombinasie met die wetgewende uitsluiting van ‟n groot aantal sake wat aan derdes behoort, voldoende beskerming aan die belange van derdes verleen. Die vereistes van artikel 25(1) word dus bevredig.

My interest in this research was to interview leaders and members of the three communities within the Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality as well as officials of the Regional Land Claims Commission (RLCC). The purpose of the discussions was to find out how the communities involved Government when lodging land claims. The three communities are, Bakwena Ba- Kopa, Bakgaga Ba-Kopa and Masakaneng. The research yielded the following findings: 1. All the three communities followed the correct procedures regarding the relevant legislation and policies when they lodged their land claims. 2. Government played its role through the RLCC by assisting the communities in their endeavor to have their land restored. 3. In the interaction between Government and the communities challenges were encountered that at times led to the delay of the settlements. 4. When the communities keep patient during the land claim processes and Government officials are dedicated to assist the communities, the chance of positive outcomes is maximised. There is evidence that Government made progress to ensure that the affected communities have the dispossessed land restored. However, there is still a lot to be done in addressing the outstanding issues. To handle these matters, as indicated below, co-ordination and interaction between Government and the communities is crucial. One can point out these obstacles by focusing on the three affected communities respectively. Masakaneng: There is a need to tackle the challenge of the concerned group that led to the emergence of another committee in the process. This delays the formal negotiations with the municipality to help facilitate the delivery of the necessary services. Bakwena Ba-Kopa: The role-players missed the time-frames that were targeted for settlement. Government will have to speed up the matter and finalise the settlement, seeing that the beneficiaries have been waiting for many years. Bakgaga Ba-Kopa: Only portion one of RietKloof was restored to the community. The community is eagerly awaiting Government to help facilitate the restoration of the remaining portion. This community also needs to play its part in ensuring that the other sections of the land are restored. It is important that they go back to the drawing board as beneficiaries and tackle the prevailing differences so that they end up with a unanimous stand on this matter. To conclude: It is quite evident that the democratic government post-1994 is committed and prepared to restore the dignity of the black people who were forcibly removed from land they and their ancestors occupied. Government is assisting in this matter by providing all the necessary resources to ensure that land restoration is a success. For Government to succeed, the affected communities must also play their role within the parameters of the relevant legislation. This is what the land Acts expect of all the beneficiaries. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

In terms of section 186(1)(e) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 constructive dismissal occurs where an employee terminated a contract of employment with or without notice because the employer made continued employment intolerable. Work stress is becoming more and more imminent in the workplace. Some employees feel that the amount of work stress also makes their continued employment intolerable, and then they claim constructive dismissal. This raises the question whether the courts should apply the same tests they apply in constructive dismissal cases as well as in cases where the employee resigns because of work stress. But, if the same tests that are used to determine if there has been a constructive dismissal are used in a case where an employee resigns because of work stress, a real danger exists because then it can lead to the misuse of a claim of constructive dismissal by employees who cannot handle a minimum amount of work stress. Over the years the courts have indicated that they apply an objective test in cases of constructive dismissal. This leads to the argument whether subjectivity should play a role, and whether one should look at the subjective perspective of both the employer and the employee. This research looks at numerous court decisions, from both the South African legal system as well as the United Kingdom legal system, in order to determine which tests the South African courts need to apply when they are confronted with a constructive dismissal claim where the employee resigned due to work stress. Constructive dismissal – resignation – work stress – stress due to an excessive workload – work stress and employee wellness – stress based claims. / Thesis (LL.M. (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

Omniprésent au coeur de la stratégie globale des entreprises, l’enjeu environnemental est un moteur distinctif du secteur de fabrication. S’inscrivant dans une tendance qui entraîne un fort niveau d’enthousiasme, la fabrication de produits environnementaux connaît depuis peu une ascension importante. S’appuyant sur l’idéologie du développement durable et du fondement de l’écoconception, les entreprises mettent de l’avant leur performance environnementale en tant qu’argument de vente principal. Pour revendiquer cette plus-value, la communication environnementale se déploie à travers la publicité, notamment grâce à l’écomarketing. L’autodéclaration fait partie des outils de communication. L’autodéclaration, étant l’outil de communication le plus permissif, autorise une grande liberté pour les industriels qui s’engagent dans cette démarche. Ce faisant, en raison même de cette latitude, elle est pauvre en directives; le résultat de la communication peut-être ainsi altéré et la véracité des propos avancés mise en doute. La non-justesse des arguments peut résulter d’une mauvaise volonté de l’industriel ou d’une bonne volonté qui comporte des lacunes lors de la compréhension et de l’exécution de la norme. L’opinion des parties prenantes est ainsi partagée et la réputation de l’autodéclaration se retrouve sous les projecteurs. Cependant, en comparaison avec les autres outils, l’autodéclaration semble moins exigeante en temps, en argent et en facteurs de complexité. C’est pourquoi elle est fortement utilisée dans le secteur de fabrication. Représentant 98 % des entreprises au Québec (BDC, 2011:1), les petites et moyennes entreprises disposent de ressources limitées; c’est d’ailleurs pour cette raison qu’elles sont prédisposées à favoriser l’autodéclaration. L’engouement pour le respect environnemental a suscité l’intérêt du consommateur pour les produits verts. Toutefois, cet intérêt éveille une certaine controverse qui est à l’origine d’une attitude de prudence, voire de méfiance, pouvant laisser présager une ruse marketing. Ce doute est susceptible d’extrapoler et de généraliser la perception négative des consommateurs quant au segment des produits verts. L’usage de cet outil peut remettre en question les principes éthiques de l’entreprise. Le manque de justesse des arguments avancés peut être dû aux directives insuffisantes de l’outil et il peut s’avérer ardu pour les industriels de justifier leurs arguments. Cette recherche qualitative aspire à mettre en lumière les procédures d’autodéclaration environnementale. Cet étude de cas multiples souhaite documenter le cheminement des petites et moyennes entreprises du Québec intéressées par ce type de label; pour ce faire, tant les responsables d’entreprises que les conseillers de l’Institut de Développement de Produit sont conviés à des entrevues semi-dirigées. L’analyse des données présente les bénéfices de l’usage de « la double labellisation ». Cette stratégie jumelle les avantages de la certification à ceux de l’autodéclaration. Afin de redorer la réputation de l’autodéclaration, une des solutions proposées est la stratégie de « double labellisation » et ce, ultimement dans l’intention de lui reconnaitre les mérites qui lui reviennent. Parallèlement, la recherche invite le designer industriel à s’impliquer davantage à l’élaboration de la communication, compte tenu de ses compétences et connaissances. / Ubiquitous in the business management’s strategy, environmental issues are a distinctive factor in what drives the manufacturing sector. Taking part in a trend that requires a high level of enthusiasm, environmental concerns of manufactured products are on the rise as of recent. Based on the ideology of sustainable development and on eco-design statements, companies tend to take advantage of environmental properties by using it as a main sales argument. As a result, environmental communication is gaining more and more importance through advertising so-called green marketing. Self-declaration is among these communications tools. Self-declaration is the most permissive tool and allows great freedom to manufacturers. In regard to its flexibility, it lacks guidelines. Therefore, it often results in a miscommunication and a misunderstanding where veracity can be questioned. The lack of accuracy of the argument can be the result of the industry’s unwillingness or a good will with pitfalls concerning the comprehension and use of the norm’s guidelines. The opinion of stakeholders is thus divided. Therefore, the reputation of self-declaration has been under the spotlight for sometime. Although being the simplest, cheapest and less time-consuming of all environmental tools, self-declaration is still highly used in the manufacturing industry. As 98 % of Québec’s industry is represented by small businesses (BDC, 2011:1), their reality of having limited resources makes it appropriate to use self-declaration. The popularity of the environmental compliance attracts consumers interest towards green products. However, the global controversy about those tends to impair consumers’ craze. In some cases, it may favor a cautious attitude and suggest a marketing skeems. This is likely to extrapolate and generalize consumers’ negative perceptions towards the entire green products market segment. The companies’ ethical principles are being questioned. The lack of accuracy of the argument due to the tool’s insufficient directives makes it hard to defend their arguments. This qualitative research aims to highlight the self-declaration procedures. This multiples case study document the path of small and medium businesses in Québec concerned with self-declared environmental approaches; both business managers and advisors of the Institute of Product Development are invited to semi-directed interviews. The data analysis presents the benefits of the use of “double labeling”. This strategy combines the benefits of certification and self-declaration. In the process of strategically enhancing the standing of self-declaration, ‘double labelling’ would be an option to adopt, the ultimate goal being a well deserved recognition of its merits. This research invites industrial designers to get more involved in the development of communication, due to their skills and knowledge.

The aim of this thesis is to describe calculation methods for variability esti- mation of claims reserve in non-life insurance. The thesis focuses on three main categories of models: Mack's stochastic Chain-Ladder, generalized linear models and bootstrap. Both the theoretical and also the empirical parts are included. Empirical part is devoted to application of all the models described above on both real and simulated data. 1

Thesis (Ph.D.(Psychology))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 2013. / The research entailed a comprehensive study of vicarious trauma in short-term insurance claims workers, compared to trauma counsellors and a control group of holiday booking consultants. A well-known, comprehensive model of compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, developed for therapists formed the basis of the study. The research attempted to determine whether this model can be applied more widely to include administrative populations exposed to traumatised clients on a regular basis. To this end, the model was deconstructed into its eleven constituent parts and each element was investigated in addition to other variables of interest to the study. This was done to determine the importance and applicability of each model element and other selected variables to the administrative context. A mixed methods approach was utilised, which combined quantitative and qualitative data. The results yielded by the study were collectively utilised to construct an etic and an emic voice from the research. At the same time, effects from vicarious trauma were considered from an overarching bio-psychosocial stance, systematically gauging effects on various levels of functioning. Scores from quantitative measures on secondary traumatic stress, negative cognitive schemas, empathy, social support and compassion satisfaction were statistically analysed, which revealed significant differences between the worker groups. Widely accepted relationships between the study variables were tested and found to hold true within and across groups. Regression analysis determined the roles of empathy, social support and compassion satisfaction in vicarious trauma, as measured by secondary traumatic stress and negative cognitive schemas. In addition, constructivist selfdevelopment theory was employed to interpret the negative cognitive effects from vicarious traumatisation. Qualitative data were utilised to further elucidate the role and nature of vicarious trauma in each of the worker groups. The themes of exposure to client suffering, detachment, level of empathic engagement, personal trauma history and difficult life demands were unearthed from the qualitative data, which illuminated the importance and role of each of these elements to claims workers. Other areas of interest, being utilisation of sick-leave as a means to cope, work-related illness, attitudes towards professional counselling, feelings evoked by traumatised clients, and the language utilised by workers in response to client traumata were investigated. Further effects on participants as well iv as effects that reach beyond the person were identified and examined. Effects on the social and work contexts were also elucidated. Finally, interesting themes that emerged spontaneously from the data were considered. The consideration of the various model elements and other areas of interest systematically revealed that administrative workers dealing with traumatised clients are also affected by the process of vicarious trauma. Furthermore, the model was found to be largely suitable to the context of claims workers. However, the model was expanded to augment its usability within the more general administrative domain. Finally, the overarching aim was to enrich, contextualise and elaborate on the experiences of claims workers within their unique work context, to facilitate insight and a deeper understanding of vicarious trauma in more administrative populations that have largely been overlooked in research.

En France, depuis 2012, les anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD), indiqués dans la prévention des accidents vasculaires cérébraux chez les patients avec fibrillation auriculaire (FA) non valvulaire, sont une alternative aux antivitamines K (AVK) pour lesquels une sous-prescription et un défaut d’observance ont été largement décrits. L’objectif de cette thèse était, dans le cadre du programme de travail du Département études de santé publique de la Caisse nationale de l’Assurance maladie, d’étudier à partir des bases de données médico-administratives (BDMA) françaises l’utilisation et la sécurité du traitement anticoagulant oral (ACO) en situation réelle de soins chez les patients avec FA. Un premier travail a permis de construire un algorithme pour identifier l’indication FA chez les patients débutant un ACO et pour lesquels aucun diagnostic de FA n’était retrouvé dans les BDMA. Un deuxième travail a porté sur l’évaluation de l’adhésion au traitement ACO chez les nouveaux utilisateurs : au cours de l’année suivant l’initiation du traitement, au moins un patient sur trois arrêtait son traitement, dabigatran ou rivaroxaban, et la persistance à ces traitements n’était pas meilleure que celle des AVK. Un troisième travail a décrit une amélioration de la couverture anticoagulante chez les patients avec FA entre 2011 et 2016. Cependant, un patient sur trois était encore sans traitement ACO en 2016 et de potentiels mésusages à l’instauration du traitement AOD ont été identifiés, dont un signal de sous-dosage. Enfin, une analyse en symétrie de séquences a suggéré que l’initiation des AOD serait associée à la survenue rare d’atteintes toxiques aiguës du foie et à la survenue plus fréquente de troubles gastrointestinaux. Avec la description de la population et de l’utilisation rejointes des traitements ACO en France chez les patients avec FA, ces résultats encouragent la poursuite de la surveillance des effets indésirables non hémorragiques des AOD et l’amélioration de leur utilisation. / Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) were gradually introduced since 2012 in France for stroke and systemic embolism prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), as a more convenient alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for which underprescribing and high rates of discontinuation have been frequently reported. As part of the work programme of the Department of Studies in Public Health, French National Health Insurance, the aim of this dissertation was to assess the patterns of use and safety of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy in real-life setting using the French healthcare databases. First, an algorithm was developed to identify AF in outpatients initiating OAC and for whom no diagnosis of AF was found in the French claims data. Second, 1-year dabigatran and rivaroxaban adherence rates were estimated in nonvalvular AF patients and 1-year non-persistence rates were compared versus VKA. At least 1 in 3 dabigatran or rivaroxaban new users was found to be non-adherent to treatment. Treatment persistence among dabigatran or rivaroxaban new users was not found to be better versus VKA therapy. Third, OAC therapy use was found to have increased following in France between 2011 and 2016 but remained suboptimal with 1 in 3 patients with AF not treated by OAC therapy. Several situations of inappropriate use of DOAC were identified including potential undertreatment by inappropriate dosing. Finally, a sequence symmetry analysis suggested that DOAC therapy is associated with rare but severe liver injury and more frequent gastrointestinal disorders. A low risk of kidney injury with DOAC therapy can also not be excluded. These findings advocate further investigation of the potential risk of DOAC underdosing at initiation and the continuous monitoring of the non-bleeding adverse events of DOAC therapy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Molina Hernandes.pdf: 1492039 bytes, checksum: a84304578affc427cfdfbcd53d058bf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-21 / The present study has the aim of analyzing the possibility of reverting proving obligations in food related claims in the current legal system based on the study of constitutional principles and the similarities existed between factual and juridical situations involving consumers and furnishers taken from the Consumer Code in order to collect elements to formulate a theory for reverting prove obligation in food related claims. Firstly, it will be briefly studied important aspects of the general theory of prove, such as the concept and finality of prove, its object, the principles it involves, passing through the analysis of indications, costumes and presumptions around the theme. After that, it will be studied the legal concept of food, its general notion, characteristics and procedural rites. Finally, entering more specifically the theme of the study, there will be treated the revertion of prove obligations in general, the applicable theories, beside the study of the Consumer Code in order to analyze the possibility of inverting prove obligations in food related claims combined with the analysis of the applicable principles, the similarities existed between consumer and feeding in terms of rights and other characteristics. The study will be concluded by the presentation of the procedure to be applied for reverting proving obligations in food related claims / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da possibilidade de inversão dos ônus probatórios nas ações de alimentos diante do ordenamento jurídico atual, baseando-se nos princípios constitucionais e nas semelhanças existentes entre as situações de fato e de direito entre fornecedores e consumidores abarcadas pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor para formulação da teoria de inversão do ônus da prova. Primeiramente, estudaremos, resumidamente, aspectos importantes da teoria geral da prova, como o conceito e finalidade da prova, seu objeto, além de princípios a ela relativos, passando pela análise dos indícios, máximas de experiência e presunções. Após, estudaremos os alimentos, noções gerais, características, rito procedimental, entre outros. Por fim, ingressando no tema do presente trabalho, trataremos da inversão do ônus da prova em geral, teorias aplicáveis, além do estudo do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, para depois ingressarmos na análise da inversão dos ônus probatórios nas ações de alimentos, com o exame de princípios aplicáveis, das semelhanças existentes entre os direitos e características do alimentando e do consumidor, finalizando com a apresentação do procedimento para a inversão defendida

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