Der urbane Raum wird zunehmend von den BürgerInnen selbst gestaltet: Sie pflanzen Blumen in ungenutzten Bereichen oder markieren Flächen als Fahrradwege, wo diese gebraucht werden (Fabian & Samson, 2016). Auch wenn die Rechte und Pflichten der BürgerInnen nicht immer klar sind (Finn, 2014), steigt das Interesse an der Partizipation zu praktischen Projekten für den urbanen Raum (Talen, 2015) und verändert so auch die Denkweisen sowie Prozesse der Stadtverwaltung (Danenberg & Haas, 2019). Einzelne BürgerInnen oder Gruppen identifizieren Probleme, die sie schnell und selbst lösen (Iveson, 2013). Diese bottom-up (aus der Bevölkerung heraus) initiierten Vorhaben tragen zum Erscheinungsbild und zum Verständnis unserer urbanen Räume bei (Fabian & Samson, 2016). Das Ziel ist dabei die Verbesserung des Erlebnisses im öffentlichen Raum (Finn, 2014). [... aus der Einleitung]

I detta arbete studeras hur relationen mellan skolans undervisning kring källkritik och hur elevernas möten med verk med sanningsanspråk ser ut. Detta studerades genom en halvstrukturerad forskningsintervju med både lärare och elever. Lärarna är verksamma gymnasielärare i svenska och eleverna läser sitt tredje år vid gymnasiet. Eleverna intervjuades i fokusgrupper medan lärarna intervjuades en och en. Intervjuerna genomfördes via distans, och varje fokusgrupp och lärare intervjuades en gång. Denna studie är en kvalitativ studie med didaktisk teori som teoretiskt ramverk. Den slutsats som kan dras utifrån undersökningens resultat är att relationen mellan skolans undervisning kring källkritik och hur elevernas möten med verk med sanningsanspråk ser ut är relativt liten. Undervisningen innehåller verk med sanningsanspråk men det är inte en del av arbetet med källkritik. / This thesis examines the relation between the school’s work on source criticism and how students encounter with works with truth claims looks. This was studied through a semi-structured research interview with both teachers and students. The teachers are active high school teachers in Swedish and the students study their third year at the high school. The students were interviewed in focus groups while the teachers were interviewed one by one. The interviews were conducted remotely, and each focus group and teacher were interviewed once. This study is a qualitative study with didactic theory as a theoretical framework. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of the survey is that the relationship between the school's teaching about source criticism and how students' encounters with works with truth claims looks is relatively small. The teaching contains works with truth claims but is not part of the work with source criticism.

本稿は、会社の倒産局面で株主が会社に対して有する債権について、他の一般債権と異なる取扱いを認めることの根拠およびそのような取扱いを認める必要性を考察するものである。 / 博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

El presente proyecto consiste en un sistema de información para el servicio de posventa inmobiliaria usando chatbot. En la actualidad, el servicio de posventa juega un papel clave en las inmobiliarias debido a que buscan la satisfacción del cliente. El objetivo del proyecto es mejorar la atención de los reclamos del propietario, tener un control del servicio de posventa y brindar indicadores para la toma de decisiones. Por ello, se automatiza el proceso de servicio de posventa inmobiliaria para que permita la recepción y entrega de unidades inmobiliarias, la recepción e inspección y el seguimiento de reclamos de reparación y administrativos desde una aplicación web, móvil y chatbot. En el primer capítulo, se presentan el marco teórico, la descripción de la organización objetivo y el campo de acción, y un análisis crítico de los problemas de información existentes en la organización objetivo. E,n el segundo capítulo, se presentan los objetivos y beneficios del proyecto, la evaluación de la mejor solución encontrada en el mercado, y se menciona las tendencias y tecnologías propuestas para el desarrollo del proyecto. En el tercer capítulo, se presentan las principales reglas de negocio, la descripción del modelo de casos de uso del negocio y modelo de análisis del negocio, y las especificaciones de los casos de uso del negocio con sus respectivos diagramas. En el cuarto capítulo, se presentan las especificaciones de los requerimientos del software, la descripción del modelo de casos de uso del sistema, las especificaciones detalladas de los casos de uso del núcleo central y el modelo conceptual. En el quinto capítulo, se presenta el diagrama de los casos de uso más significativos, la descripción de las metas, restricciones y mecanismos de la arquitectura de software, y las vistas lógica, de implementación y de despliegue de la arquitectura de software. En el sexto capítulo, se presenta los patrones aplicados a la solución propuesta y el modelo de datos físico del sistema. En el séptimo capítulo, se presenta la descripción del plan de calidad y plan de pruebas del software, y los casos de prueba para los casos de uso de la prueba de concepto. En el octavo capítulo, se presenta la gestión del proyecto que incluye los documentos de registro de interesados, EDT, cronograma de ejecución del proyecto y plan de respuesta a los riesgos. Finalmente, con la implementación del sistema de información para el servicio de posventa inmobiliaria usando chatbot se espera acelerar la atención de los reclamos, llevar el control del servicio de posventa y contar con información en tiempo real para la toma de decisiones que ayuden a cumplir los objetivos de posventa establecidos. / This project consists of an information system for real estate after-sales service. Nowadays, the after-sales service plays a key role in real estate because they seek customer satisfaction. The objective of the project is to improve the attention of the owner's claims, have a control of the after-sales service and provide reports for decision-making. Therefore, the real estate after-sales service process is automated to allow the reception and delivery of real estate units, the reception and inspection, and monitoring of repair and administrative claims from a web application, mobile and chatbot. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework, the objective organization description and the action field, and a critical analysis of the information problems existing in the objective organization are presented. In the second chapter, the project objectives and benefits, the best solution evaluation found in the market, and the trends and technologies proposed for the project development are mentioned. In the third chapter, the main business rules, the business use case model description and business analysis model, and the business use case specifications with their respective diagrams are presented. In the fourth chapter, the specifications of the software requirements, the description of the system use case model, the detailed specifications of the central core use cases and the conceptual model are presented. In the fifth chapter, the diagram of the most significant use cases, the description of the goals, constraints and mechanisms of the software architecture, and the logical, implementation and deployment views of the software architecture are presented. In the sixth chapter, the patterns applied to the proposed solution and the physical data model of the system are presented. In the seventh chapter, the description of the software quality plan and test plan, and the test cases for the use cases of the proof of concept are presented. In the eighth chapter, the project management is presented, which includes the stakeholder registration documents, WBS, project execution schedule and risk response plan. Finally, with the implementation of the information system for the real estate after-sales service, it is expected to accelerate the attention of claims, control the after-sales service and have real-time information for making decisions that help meet the objectives of after-sales established. / Tesis

Объектом исследования явилась жизнестойкость подростков. Предметом исследования стали психологические корреляты жизнестойкости подростков. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (94 источника) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 113 страниц, на которых размещены 12 рисунков и 15 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования, описание структуры жизнестойкости, предложенной С. Мадди, характеристику жизнестойкости в подростковом возрасте. Представлены разделы, посвященные взаимосвязи самооценки и жизнестойкости, а также взаимосвязи копинг-стратегий и жизнестойкости. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методике Дембо-Рубинштейн (в модификации А. М. Прихожан), копинг-тесту Р. Лазаруса и С. Фолкман (в адаптации Л. И. Вассермана), Тесту жизнестойкости С. Мадди (в адаптации Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. И. Рассказовой) и Личностному опроснику Г. Айзенка (EPI). Также в главе представлены сравнительный, корреляционный и факторный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The subject matter of the study is hardiness in adolescents. The object matter of the study is psychological correlates of hardiness in adolescents. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions, a list of references (94 sources) and an annex including the blank forms of the applied methods. The volume of the master`s thesis is 113 pages, which include 12 figures and 15 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the chosen research problem, the level of development of the problematics; the objective and the tasks of the study are set, the subject matter and the scope of the research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are defined, as well as the stages of the research, its scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the research topic, a description of the structure of hardiness offered by S. Maddi, characteristics of hardiness in adolescence. The sections devoted to the relationship between self-esteem and viability, as well as the relationship between coping strategies and hardiness, are presented. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It includes a description of the organization and methods of the study, as well as the results obtained due to the applied methods: a Method of Self-Esteem Measurement by Dembo-Rubinstein (in the modification of A.Prikhozhan), a Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman (adapted by L. Wasserman), a Hardiness Test by S. Maddi (adapted by D. Leontiev, E. Rasskazova) and G. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPI). Also, the chapter presents a comparative, correlation and factor analysis of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In the conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses. The practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of the problematics are described.

The object of the study was athletes involved in cross-country skiing. The subject of the study was personal features that affect the success of athletes-skiers. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, a list of literature (67 sources) and applications, including forms of applied techniques, the classifier of associative connections, and the scheme of volitional action. The volume of the master's thesis is 78 pages, on which are placed 19 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, the purpose and objectives of the research, the object and subject of the research, the main hypothesis are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified. The first and second chapters include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study. The first chapter include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study. It describes the specifics of sports activities, professional and important qualities of athletes to the study of personal characteristics of athletes. Conclusions on the first chapter is the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods studies and the results obtained for all methodologies used: -methods of diagnostics of personality on motivation to success by T. Ehlers; - the scale of personal and situational anxiety C. D. Spielberg - Hanin Y. L.; - questionnaire level of subjective control (UIC) John. Rotter; - questionnaire "Evaluation of level of aspiration" V. K. Gerbachevsky; - test questionnaire of A. V. Zverkov and E. V. Eidman "Study of volitional self-regulation". The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study. / Объектом исследования являются спортсмены, занимающиеся лыжными гонками. Предметом исследования стали личностные особенности, влияющие на успешность спортсменов-лыжников. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (67 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик и результаты проведенного исследования. Объем магистерской диссертации 78 страниц, на которых размещены 19 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется основная гипотеза, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. Первая глава включают в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования. В ней описаны специфика спортивной деятельности, профессионально-важные качества спортсменов к изучению личностных особенностей спортсменов. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: -методика диагностики личности на мотивацию к успеху Т. Элерса; - шкала личностной и ситуативной тревожности Ч. Д. Спилберга - Ю. Л. Ханина; - опросник уровня субъективного контроля (УСК) Дж. Роттера; - опросник «Оценка уровня притязаний» В. К. Гербачевского; - тест-опросник А.В. Зверькова и Е.В. Эйдмана «Исследование волевой саморегуляции». Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования.

Finding the optimal capital structure has been a relevant subject for many decades. Therehas for a long time been a discrepancy between observed leverage ratio and those proposedby theory, with many different theories suggested and developed throughout time. One ofthose theories is the Contingent Claims Analysis (CCA). Based initially on Black & Scholes’option-pricing theory and formulas, and pioneered by Merton, the CCA-methodology hasthroughout the years been developed further and moved from pricing liabilities todetermining capital structures. The research and development on CCA-models have for thepast years mostly been on a theoretical level and less about its practical applicability. Thosefew applications that have been made were based on the U.S. market and companies.Ju and Ou-Yang developed one of the most recent CCA-methodologies in 2006,abbreviated as the JOY-model in this study. What distinguishes this model is its ability toshow the non-monotone relation of debt maturity and debt face amount through the morecomplex tradeoffs between tax benefits, bankruptcy costs and transactions cost. With a fewchanges made to it, and with almost all data from the Swedish market and companies, theJOY-model yields higher leverage ratios than what the 5 analyzed companies have today.The optimal leverage ratio, defined as debt value/firm value ranges from 10 – 40% and theoptimal debt maturity period is at 4 – 6 years. Out of all the model parameters, the long-runmean of the stochastic risk-free interest rate has the biggest impact on the final results. TheJOY-model and CCA in general are complex and resource intense models that need certainimprovements. Nonetheless, its overall potential is still promising.

No description available.

Sveriges regering har antagit en handlingsplan för omställningen till cirkulär ekonomi (CE). För utvecklingen mot CE spelar näringslivet en central roll. Olika branscher har olika förutsättningar och behöver därför hantera omställningen på olika sätt. Sakförsäkringen ligger inom tjänstesektorn men hanterar produkter och kan därför vara med och bidra till omställningen. För sakförsäkringen saknas det däremot gemensamma riktlinjer för vad CE innebär. Folksam arbetar idag med cirkulär skadereglering som grundar sig i CE. Det innebär att skadeanmälningar hanteras för att skapa cirkulära flöden. Studiens bakgrund är att Folksam lyft att det finns ett behov av kunskapsbyggande om CE i sakförsäkringen. Studiens övergripande syfte är att synliggöra hur cirkulär skadereglering bidrar till Folksams hållbarhetsarbete. För att synliggöra hur cirkulär skadereglering bidrar till hållbarhetsarbetet ämnar studien kartlägga vilka hållbarhetsindikatorer som är användbara för att utvärdera betydelsen cirkulär skadereglering. Vidare ämnar studien undersöka hur de som arbetar med cirkulär skadereglering ser på att använda hållbarhetsindikatorerna i kommunikationen och synen på cirkulär skadereglering som en del av hållbarhetsarbetet. I rapporten utvärderas skadeområdena IT, motor och bygg till följd av att Folksam beslutat att arbeta med cirkulär skadereglering inom dessa. Studien är avgränsad till att kartlägga sociala och ekologiska hållbarhetsindikatorer, vilket innebär att ekonomiska aspekter av hållbarhet inte inkluderas. Studiens övergripande metod innebär kartläggning av hållbarhetsindikatorerna och intervjuer med de som arbetar med cirkulär skadereglering. I resultatet presenteras 14 hållbarhetsindikatorer som är användbara för att utvärdera betydelsen av cirkulär skadereglering för Folksams hållbarhetsarbete och resultatet av intervjuerna. Studiens slutsats är att cirkulär skadereglering utgör en viktig del av hållbarhetsarbetet eftersom det innebär att Folksam både kan vara med och bidra i omställningen till CE och i arbetet med Agenda 2030. / The government of Sweden has adopted an action plan for the transition to circular economy (CE). In the transition towards CE, Swedish businesses plays´ a key role. Different industries have different pre-conditions for CE and therefore need to handle the transition in various ways. Companies that offer property insurance belong to the service sector but handle products, which means they are able to contribute to the transition to CE. Today there are no general guidelines for CE in property insurance. Folksam work with circular claim settlement that are based in CE, meaning claims are handled to create circular flows. This thesis is written on behalf of Folksam who have expressed the need for further education regarding CE in the property insurance. The general purpose of this study is to highlight the significance of circular claim settlement for Folksam’s sustainability work. The study aims to identify which sustainability indicators are useful to evaluate the significance of circular claim settlement for Folksam’s sustainability work. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the view of those who work with circular claim settlement on using sustainability indicators to communicate circular claim settlement and their perspective on circular claim settlement as a part of the sustainability work. This thesis evaluates circular claim settlement in IT, vehicle and construction claims. The study is delimited to evaluate social and ecological perspectives on sustainability. The general method was mapping sustainability indicators and interviews. In the results the identified sustainability indicators and the interviews are presented. It’s established that circular claim settlement is a valuable part of the sustainability work and enables Folksam to contribute to Agenda 2030 and the transition to CE.

Aim Musculoskeletal disorders are a major public health problem in most developed countries. As a main cause of chronic pain, they have resulted in an increasing prescription of opioids worldwide. With regard to the situation in Germany, this study aimed at estimating the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases such as chronic low back pain (CLBP) and hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA) and at depicting the applied treatment patterns. - Subject and methods German claims data from the InGef Research Database were analyzed over a 6-year period (2011–2016). The dataset contains over 4 million people, enrolled in German statutory health insurances. Inpatient and outpatient diagnoses were considered for case identification of hip/knee OA and CLBP. The World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder was applied to categorize patients according to their pain management interventions. Information on demographics, comorbidities, and adjuvant medication was collected. - Results In 2016, n = 2,693,481 individuals (50.5% female, 49.5% male) were assigned to the study population; 62.5% of them were aged 18–60 years. In 2016, n = 146,443 patients (5.4%) with CLBP and n = 307,256 patients (11.4%) with hip/ knee OA were identified. Of those with pre-specified pain management interventions (CLBP: 66.3%; hip/knee OA: 65.1%), most patients received WHO I class drugs (CLBP: 73.6%; hip/knee OA: 68.7%) as the highest level. - Conclusion This study provides indications that CLBP and hip/knee OA are common chronic pain conditions in Germany, which are often subjected to pharmacological pain management. Compared to non-opioid analgesic prescriptions of the WHO I class, the dispensation of WHO class II and III opioids was markedly lower, though present to a considerable extent.