This study was concerned with determining the effectiveness of play therapy as measured by behavioral changes in interpersonal relationships, mature behavior patterns, and more adequate use of intellectual capacities. Client-centered play therapy appears to have grown out of the concept that it is the relationship between the therapist and the child that brings about change and growth. Rather than diagnostic or as preliminary to therapy, the relationship itself is seen as therapy. Problems are seen not in terms of their historical past, but rather as they exist in the immediate present and in terms of the child's own means of expression. The relationship offers to the child the opportunity to experience growth under the most favorable conditions. Like its adult counterpart, client-centered counseling, client-centered play therapy is based upon the hypotheses that the individual has within himself the capacity for growth and self-direction, and that these growth impulses are released within the therapeutic relationship established between the therapist and the child. This study was conducted to investigate changes in behavior which occur as a result of play therapy and to determine that such changes do not occur in the absence of play therapy. It was a direct outgrowth of an ongoing program developed at the Pupil Appraisal Center of North Texas.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Depuis quelques décennies, la consultation en contexte organisationnel constitue une pratique professionnelle importante. L’efficacité de la consultation est l’un des enjeux de la pratique tant pour les clients que pour les consultants. Certains auteurs ont développé des modèles pour comprendre le processus de consultation et ses composantes. La documentation sur l’efficacité de la consultation fait ressortir la contribution de la relation client-consultant comme facteur explicatif. Toutefois, peu d’études se sont penchées sur le lien statistique entre la relation client-consultant et l’efficacité de la consultation comme pratique globale. Cette recherche s’intéresse à la relation client-consultant telle qu’exprimée par ses activités (variable indépendante) et à leurs portées sur l’efficacité de la consultation organisationnelle (variable dépendante) telle qu’évaluée par des clients. Les bases théoriques et empiriques en contextes clinique et organisationnel portent à croire qu’il existe une relation positive significative entre ces deux variables. Ainsi, pour cette étude, une hypothèse est posée : les activités de la relation client-consultant sont en relation de façon positive avec l’efficacité de la consultation telle qu’évaluée par le client. Cette étude a été menée auprès de 88 clients. Les données utilisées pour cette étude ont été recueillies en un seul temps de mesure avec deux instruments combinés dans le questionnaire CERCC-CL édité sur Internet, via Survey Monkey, et crypté pour assurer la sécurité et la confidentialité des données. Les résultats révèlent que la relation se décline en quatre dimensions : 1) entente professionnelle; 2) réciprocité; 3) soutien du consultant et 4) compatibilité personnelle. L’hypothèse est en grande partie corroborée; trois dimensions de la relation, soit (1) entente professionnelle, (2) réciprocité et (4) compatibilité personnelle, influencent la qualité d’une démarche de consultation, l’un des deux critères de l’efficacité et l’efficacité de la consultation dans sa globalité. La compatibilité personnelle (4) influence les résultats à valeur ajoutée, le second critère de l’efficacité. Le score global de la relation client-consultant permet de prédire de façon significative les deux facteurs d’efficacité de la consultation et l’efficacité globale. L’ensemble de ces résultats apporte un premier éclairage sur la contribution potentielle de deux nouveaux questionnaires permettant au client et au consultant de s’évaluer en cours de processus ou à la fin de celui-ci. Les résultats contribuent surtout à la considération et à une meilleure compréhension de l’importance de la relation client-consultant pour expliquer l’efficacité d’une intervention. La relation client-consultant selon la perspective du client, principal acteur à satisfaire, favorise une vision positive du mandat. Pour le consultant, cette étude fait valoir l’importance de miser et de parfaire ses habiletés relationnelles indépendamment de son domaine d’expertise s’il veut être efficace dans sa pratique de la consultation.

Emotions are an important underlying factor that may interact with pressure and other situational variables to influence auditors’ judgments and decisions. This study seeks to identify emotional intelligence (EI) as a key factor in dealing with emotions and pressures in an audit context. In this paper, I focus on how EI may influence the relation between job pressures (i.e., time budget pressure and client incentive pressure) on the auditor’s judgment. Specifically, I investigate the moderating effect of emotional intelligence on auditor judgments when auditors experience both internal and external pressures. The results suggest that the moderating influence of EI on auditor judgments can effectively reduce auditors’ tendency to engage in dysfunctional behavior in order to improve audit quality. Furthermore, there is a positive relation between EI and professional skepticism suggesting that auditors with high EI are more skeptical and assess higher risk than auditors with low EI. Finally, moderation analysis suggests that EI is a significant mechanism which drives the joint effects of different type of pressures on auditor judgments.

The relation between the attorney at law and the client based on the mandate contract Lucie Čabanová The purpose of this thesis was to describe the relation established between the attorney at law and his client under the mandate contract regulated by the Commercial Code. However certain rights and obligation arise also from the Advocacy act and from professional regulations and these rules are special, so they have priority over the mandate contract. There are also other circumstances under which the relation between the attorney at law and his client may occur, i.e. the attorney at law may be appointed by the decision of a court or assigned by the Czech bar association. In this thesis I concentrate mostly on the mandate contract, rights and obligations arising from it but I also mention some rules relating to the other ways of creating the legal relation between the attorney at law and the client. The relation, which comes into being, has very specific nature and although it may seem at first glance as purely economic it is also characterized by number of social, ethical and personal ties. This thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter one is introductory and explains some crucial notions such as attorney at law, european attorney at law, client and the legal frame within which the attorney at...

Resumé Public and legal protection of a client of financial services This diploma thesis deals with public and legal protection of a client of financial services to which is in my opinion given relatively marginal attention in the Czech legal area. The introduction outlines meaning and role of legal protection of a client in market economy, which is one of the basic premises for the proper functioning of a democratic state represented by the rule of law. I have also defined the key terms of this paper which are "client", "consumer"¨and "financial service". After detailed analysis I have distinct a client of financial services for this work as a consumer in accordance with interpretation in the European and Czech legal framework. Second part is devoted to theoretical basics and principles of consumer protection. I have analyzed basic principles of this topic, i.e. the principle of protection of the weaker party and the principle of autonomy of the will and their respective relation. I have also elaborated in detail tools used for consumer protection. The third chapter is focused on institutions that are involved in the legal protection of a client of financial services and I have briefly defined their status, duties and powers. Next part consists of analysis of legislation which regulates client's protection...

This thesis deals with the relation of an advocate and a client. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part generally focuses on the relation between an advocate and a client. This part is composed of four chapters. Chapter one attempts to define basic terminology used in this paper, such as advocacy, client and advocate. Then the history of advocacy from ancient Rome is outlined in brief as well as legislation of advocacy. Chapter two looks at various ways of formation of the relation between an advocate and a client, it focuses on the most common way - a contract about providing legal services. Chapter three is one of the crucial chapters of this paper and concentrates on chosen rights and obligations of an advocate towards a client and vice versa, rights and obligations of a client towards an advocate. The last chapter of the first part explicates the termination of the relation between an advocate and a client. The second part of the thesis is more specific, final 18 pages deal with one of the most signifiant obligations of an advocate - obligation of secrecy. This part is subdivided into four sections which present the following: extent of the obligation, breaking of the obligation including analysis of particular regulations of related laws, for example Criminal Code or Tax Code. The...

Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / Tuberculosis (TB) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB have been identified as one of the largest health problems in the world, and notably recognized as a big issue in democratic South Africa. Socio-demographic factors such as poverty and unemployment were identified to be major contributing factors to the epidemic. Individuals with TB reportedly have poor levels of occupational self-efficacy and found it challenging to return to work after prolonged hospitalization. The Model of Occupational Self-Efficacy (MOOSE) has been used effectively to assist individuals with traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) to return to work. Adaptation of the MOOSE was recommended for application with other syndromes associated with long hospitalization and absence from work. The aim of the study was to adapt the MOOSE for clients living with tuberculosis and to aid them in returning to work. The study was conducted through exploratory research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten purposively selected key informants from private and public health facilities in the Western Cape. The data was analysed through thematic analysis from which six themes emerged. Themes One, Two and Six describe the barriers experienced by the participants when returning to work following their diagnosis of PTB or MDR-TB. Theme Three, Four and Five discussed the factors that facilitate the resumption of the worker role for the PTB and MDR-TB survivors. The findings of this study were used to inform the adaptation of the MOOSE for use with patients living with TB. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BMREC) of UWC. Permission was given by the Department of Health to conduct the study on the clinical platform. All ethics principles were upheld.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Introduction: The overall aim of this study was to develop a programme to facilitate quality client-centred care in Primary Health Care clinics of the rural West Coast District. Research design and -method: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied for this study . Phase 1, a situational analysis collected and analysed quantitative data from the perspective of clients and clinical nurse practitioners via structured questionnaires. The population included all clients 18 years and older (N=137 991) of the fixed clinics (N=25) in the five subdistricts of the West Coast District. According to the Cochran formula a sample of (n=383) should be adequate to represent the population. Non-proportional sampling was applied to estimate the number of participants per clinic. An all-inclusive sample of (n=64) clinical nurse practitioners participated in the study. Phase 2, the qualitative part of the situational analysis, applied five focus group discussions to explore and describe the managers and allied health professionals’ perceptions about quality client-centred care. A semi-structured interview schedule was compiled to guide the focus group discussions. An all-inclusive sample was utilised to include all the managers and allied health professionals of the five subdistricts (N=43). Phase 3 included the development of the programme based on the study findings and literature. Quantitative results: The analysis revealed the following quality client-centred care challenges, namely: Patient Rights (Domain 1) were not always respected and adhered to as these were characterised by: language (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a large effect size d=0.74); Satisfaction and Safety (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a medium effect size d=0.55); Referral Procedures (statistical significant p<0.001); Waiting Times (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a medium effect size d=0.47) and Confidentiality difficulties (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a medium effect size d=0.68). The Domain 2, Clinical Governance, Care and Safety showed shortcomings as highlighted by the Client and his/her Family (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a large effect size d=0.77). Clinical Support Services, Domain 3, revealed inadequacies regarding the continuous availability of medication (statistical significant p<0.008) and the reporting of side-effects (statistical significant p<0.001). Furthermore, Public Health Domain 4, showed that clients identified community health promotion and disease prevention events (statistical p<0.01 and practical significant with a large effect size d=0.79), and home visits by the community healthcare workers (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a large effect size d=1.09) as both a “problem” and a “gap”. Leadership and Corporate Governance, Domain 5 was characterised by the lack of: visible organograms (clients mean 2.40), community communication (clients mean 2.12 & clinical nurse practitioners mean 2.36), visibility of goals, values and future plans of the Western Cape Department of Health (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a medium effect size d=0.59) and role and function of the clinic committees (statistical significant p<0.008). Moreover, Domain 6, Operational Management was challenged by inadequate staffing levels (statistical significant p<0.003). Lastly, Domain 7: Infrastructure was characterised by the lack of drinking water in the waiting areas (clients mean 2.08 & clinical nurse practitioners mean 2.02), inadequate clinic space (clients mean 2.10 & clinical nurse practitioners 2.23); maintenance not up-to-date (statistical significant p<0.002); physical appearance of the clinic (statistically significant p<0.001) did not have a positive effect on staff morale and evacuation plans (statistical p<0.001 and practical significant with a medium effect size d=0.54) were not visible. In addition, correlations between the domains showed that the domains are not in silos, but are interdependent on another. Qualitative results The qualitative, thematic data analysis revealed various inadequacies regarding quality client-centred care. Theme One about the Patient Rights revealed that patients were not always treated with the necessary respect and dignity. Theme Two concerning Patient Care, revealed that focus group participants were well-informed on what the concept client-centred care entailed. However, patients and or clients did not always experience their care as client-centred. Theme Three about the Clinical Support Services, indicated shortages of medication and medical equipment; long waiting time for specialists and rehabilitation referral appointments. Theme Four, referring to the Public Health confirmed that health promotion and prevention activities are limited, due to various organizational factors and community healthcare workers’ activities which are limited to home-based care activities. Theme Five, Corporate Governance and Leadership matters were characterised by too many processes or “red tape” resulting in inefficient procurement processes, inadequate staffing and inactive health committees. Theme Six, Operational Management highlighted the severe pressure under which the operational managers have to work, resulting from their twofold role of being the clinic manager and at the same time operate as a clinical nurse practitioner. Theme Seven refers to Infrastructure and Facilities and is characterised by inadequate maintenance and lack of space according to the number of clients and package of care. To summarise: The situational analysis revealed 81 problems. These problems form the evidence base for the development of the programme to facilitate quality client-centred care in primary helth care clinics of the rural West Coast District.

ABSTRACT This research report sets out the results of investigations into the causes of client dissatisfaction in the South African building industry and ways of improvement, from the contractors’ perspectives. The study is limited to the views of contractors who are registered with the Gauteng Master Builders Association (GMBA). The descriptive survey method was adopted in the study, which involved two stages of data gathering. At the first stage, semi-structured pilot interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 18 directors and senior executives of construction companies within the target group. The data obtained from the exploratory surveys were subjected to crosstabulation matrix analysis. Results showed that the most recurring factors underlying client dissatisfaction were late completion (medium sized contractor category), unrealistic construction programs imposed by clients (large sized contractor category) and poor quality of workmanship (combined/pooled category) at the end of the development phase; slow reaction time on part of contractor to attend to defects (medium sized, large sized and combined/pooled contractor categories) at the operation phase. Making use of a competent and reputable contractor was the most recurring strategy for improving client satisfaction. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the extent of divergence or consensus in views of the two groups / categories of contractors targeted in the questionnaire survey. The results indicate significant correlation in the views of the contractor groups on the underlying causes of client dissatisfaction at the end of the development phase and at the operation phase. Significant correlation was also established in the views of the contractor groups on strategies for improving client satisfaction. Recommendations were made on ways of improving client satisfaction levels in the South African building industry based on the results obtained in the study. Areas requiring further research/investigation/exploration were also identified.