Hiphop è il nome di un movimento giovanile che nasce negli anni settanta nei quartieri del Bronx, del Queens e di Harlem a New York City. Negli anni ottanta la musica e la cultura hiphop si diffondono in Italia e si sviluppano in tre diverse generazioni: la prima negli anni 1987-1999, la seconda negli anni 2000-2007, la terza negli anni 2008-2017. Queste generazioni condividono caratteristiche identitarie e valori come il rispetto, la pace, l'uguaglianza. Il lavoro presenta un’analisi linguistica dei testi italiani delle canzoni rap prodotte nel terzo periodo. A tale scopo la tesi è organizzata in sei capitoli. Il primo (La cultura hiphop) inquadra la nascita della cultura hiphop, le sue invenzioni artistiche, la sua globalizzazione e la sua ricezione in Italia. Sono presentati in particolare i/le pionieri/e della scena hiphop italiana e le tendenze che emergono nelle diverse scene locali. Il secondo capitolo (Ricerche sull’hiphop) presenta un quadro generale relativo alle ricerche sull’hiphop compiute negli ultimi trent’anni nell'ambito di più discipline tra cui la filosofia, la pedagogia, la storia dell’arte, l’economia e la sociologia. Uno spazio particolare è dedicato agli studi linguistici sul rap italiano, distinti in tre filoni caratterizzati da una diversa prospettiva di analisi: il rap come varietà linguistica e il rap come discorso. Gli studi sul rap come varietà si concentrano sulle influenze linguistiche di varietà globali, locali, scritte, orali e diafasiche, quelli focalizzati sul rap come codice analizzano invece le scelte linguistiche dei testi come espressioni di identità. Infine gli studi sul rap come genere mettono a confronto tipologie testuali e tipologie discorsive. Il terzo capitolo (Progettazione del corpus) illustra il metodo impiegato per la raccolta e la selezione dei testi, che si basa sui network e sulle piattaforme digitali con riconoscimento nella cultura hiphop italiana. Il riferimento presente negli articoli, nei commenti, nelle interviste e nelle recensioni di network e piattaforme digitali a “artisti riconosciuti nella scena”, “recensioni positive di album o canzoni singole”, “stile stimolante” e “influenza sulla scena rap italiana” ha portato a una selezione di 1000 canzoni rap, datate tra il 2008 e il 2017. Il quarto capitolo (Caratteristiche lessicali e stilistiche) presenta l'analisi di caratteristiche lessicali, di strutture ritmiche e metriche, di figure retoriche e di aspetti testuali che hanno particolare rilievo nel corpus. Dopo una prima riflessione sulla “Frequenza lessicale” nel primo paragrafo viene analizzata la ricorrenza di determinate parole e singoli fenomeni lessicali. Il secondo paragrafo “Struttura ritmica e metrica” affronta poi il tema del cosiddetto flow, che consiste nell'elaborazione delle rime verso schemi complessi e nella loro accentuazione/non-accentuazione a tempo (on-beat vs. off-beat) come mezzo stilistico. Nel paragrafo “Aspetti retorici” viene evidenziato, tramite diversi esempi, l'uso di alcune tendenze stilistiche (addizione, omissione, trasposizione, sostituzione) e forme retoriche tramandante oralmente come il Signifyin(g), caratteristica cruciale dell’African American Vernacular English. Nel paragrafo “Tipologia dei testi” si illustrano alcune modalità discorsive dei testi rap (self-referential speech, listener-directed speech, boasting, dissing, localizing e representing), presenti nelle canzoni del corpus. Nel quinto capitolo viene affrontata la relazione tra aspetti linguistici globali e locali (Un linguaggio “glocale”? – «Quello che siamo è solo spazio, parole»), in cui è adottata la prospettiva del rap e delle varietà linguistiche nei paragrafi “HipHop Speech Community”, “Artistic Code-Mixing – Repertorio di una comunità linguistica hip hop italiano?” e “Oralità e scrittura”. Il mistilinguismo e il code-switching tra dialetti, altri sistemi linguistici e diverse varietà dell’italiano sono degli strumenti fondamentali e distintivi per la struttura dei testi rap italiani e possiedono sia caratteristiche espressive, sia identitarie. Partendo dalla composizione scritta dei testi vengono aggiunti appositamente tipici elementi dell’oralità per dare un’impostazione spontanea, discorsiva e dialogica alla canzone. Questa relazione tra scrittura e oralità si può trovare anche nella tradizione della canzone popolare italiana. Nel sesto e ultimo capitolo del lavoro (Resistance Vernacular – «Ma io penso diverso, ostinato e contrario») vengono esaminati i ricorrenti elementi linguistici che nei testi svolgono una funzione di critica e autocritica, provocazione, espressione identitaria e che permettono di riconoscere i testi delle canzoni rap come parte del genere comunicativo della resistance vernacular. Inoltre vengono analizzati tratti discorsivi e dialogici dei testi studiati e il coinvolgimento del destinatario, variabile a seconda dell’uso e della frequenza di questi tratti. Il primo paragrafo, “Formazione del contesto”, prende in esame sia forme deittiche sia riferimenti intra-testuali e extra-testuali, i quali sono elementi chiave per la comprensione del contesto da parte del destinatario. Nel paragrafo “Dialogicità” sono analizzati gli elementi che marcano un carattere interazionale, come allocuzioni ai destinatari e segnali discorsivi con funzioni interazionali. Nell'ultimo paragrafo, infine, viene descritta il Resistance Vernacular come genere comunicativo del rap italiano. Vengono analizzate quindi le strategie verbali usate per contrastare e contraddire, attraverso la presa di distanza da riflessioni ironiche, esempi provocatori di confronto verbale, suggerimenti di circostanza e per mezzo anche dell’ esplicitazione di possibili identificazioni. Il lavoro fornisce dunque un ampio panorama della produzione di testi rap in Italia nell'ultimo decennio che si inseriscono nell'ambito di due note tradizioni narrative, una locale (la canzone popolare italiana) e l'altra non locale (l'Afro American Vernacular English). L’analisi condotta su un corpus testuale selezionato ed esaminato secondo criteri quantitativi e qualitativi si concentra su aspetti semantici, pragmatici, testuali e infine sull'impiego di diverse varietà linguistiche, che diventano veicolo fondamentale per l'espressione identitaria sia di autori sia di destinatari. Vengono analizzati perciò i principali tratti distintivi che caratterizzano il neo-plurilinguismo, che è forma performativa e comunicativa di un Resistance Vernacular.

The initial purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital. This was seen as a microcosm of the language situation in urban South Africa. As such, this study set out to identify problems and offer suggestions in resolving the difficulties experienced in communication in this hospital as well as in other medical institutions in the rest of the country. Before attempting such an investigation, a sound theoretical framework had to be established. In order to gain familiarity with the research field, concepts on sociolinguistics had to be researched and described. In order to apply particular concepts to the situation under investigation, the concepts had to be defined and interpreted first. This study has made a contribution to the theoretical debate regarding various sociolinguistic concepts, in that it has shown how these concepts apply to the South African situation. The next step in the research process involved making a decision about which method would be most appropriate for collecting data. Therefore, various approaches were investigated in order to find the appropriate one. The techniques of data collection and the recruitment of respondents had to be refined before the main data collection process could begin. Then began the journey of discovery. The detailed description of the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital presented in chapter 3 forms the crux of this study. This is the first time that such a comprehensive, qualitative description of the entire language situation in this hospital has been done. An appropriate method for data analysis had to be devised. This entailed various levels of analysis and interpretation. A description of the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital would have been incomplete without presenting a few of the various scenarios that took place in this hospital. Many important conclusions were reached during the course of the research. The most important of these were: 1. A huge communication problem exists at Baragwanath Hospital. 2. Either interpreters will have to be hired to overcome this problem; or nurses will have to be paid more for their interpreting services. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil.

The initial purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital. This was seen as a microcosm of the language situation in urban South Africa. As such, this study set out to identify problems and offer suggestions in resolving the difficulties experienced in communication in this hospital as well as in other medical institutions in the rest of the country. Before attempting such an investigation, a sound theoretical framework had to be established. In order to gain familiarity with the research field, concepts on sociolinguistics had to be researched and described. In order to apply particular concepts to the situation under investigation, the concepts had to be defined and interpreted first. This study has made a contribution to the theoretical debate regarding various sociolinguistic concepts, in that it has shown how these concepts apply to the South African situation. The next step in the research process involved making a decision about which method would be most appropriate for collecting data. Therefore, various approaches were investigated in order to find the appropriate one. The techniques of data collection and the recruitment of respondents had to be refined before the main data collection process could begin. Then began the journey of discovery. The detailed description of the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital presented in chapter 3 forms the crux of this study. This is the first time that such a comprehensive, qualitative description of the entire language situation in this hospital has been done. An appropriate method for data analysis had to be devised. This entailed various levels of analysis and interpretation. A description of the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital would have been incomplete without presenting a few of the various scenarios that took place in this hospital. Many important conclusions were reached during the course of the research. The most important of these were: 1. A huge communication problem exists at Baragwanath Hospital. 2. Either interpreters will have to be hired to overcome this problem; or nurses will have to be paid more for their interpreting services. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil.

The decision by some public primary schools situated in the King Cetshwayo District, in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, to use English as language of learning and teaching (LoLT) in teaching isiZulu-speaking learners in Grade 1 classrooms, is a matter of concern. English is not the learners’ home language and the practice is also against the policy of the Department of Basic Education. In considering the recommendation by the South African Constitution, Acts and language policies of the country, it is expected to see all Foundation Phase (Grade R-3) learners being taught in their home language. The aim of this study was to explore the use of English as LoLT in teaching Grade 1 isiZulu-speaking learners. The interpretivist/constructivist paradigm underpinned the study as did the Language Acquisition Theory proposed by Skinner and Teacher Efficacy Theory by Bandura. This study adopted a qualitative multiple-case study as it aimed to explore the use of English as the LoLT in teaching Grade 1 isiZulu-speaking learners. One-on-one, semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis were used as data collection instruments. A purposive sampling of six Grade 1 teachers from three public primary schools was employed. Thematic data analysis method was used to analyse collected data. Data collected were analysed, categorised into codes and themes were identified. Overall, it was found that the communities regard the schools, offering English as the LoLT in teaching Grade 1 IsiZulu-speaking learners, as the best performing schools, though the language policy was not taken into consideration and the teachers are challenged in using the target language in their teaching. It was found that five Grade 1 teachers used English in conjunction with isiZulu and only one teacher used a minimal amount of isiZulu to clarify concepts for learners to understand. It was concluded that some teachers found themselves frustrated in using English as the LoLT due to lack of proper mentoring and support from the School Management Teams (SMTs). It is recommended that the provincial Department of Education, under the leadership of the Member of the Executive Council (MEC), should review the language policy and give some clarity to ensure that schools receive guidance on how to choose the most appropriate LoLT. It is also recommended that the SMTs should provide the proper mentorship programmes, especially for teachers who are new in the school where English is used as the LoLT. / Qeto ea likolo tse ling tsa mathomo tsa sechaba tse seterekeng sa King Cetshwayo, KwaZulu-Natal, Afrika Boroa, ho sebelisa Senyesemane e le puo ea ho ithuta le ho ruta (LoLT) ho ruta bana ba buang Senyesemane lihlopheng tsa 1 tsa phapusi, ke taba ea ho ameha. Senyesemane hase puo ea lehae ea liithuti ebile mokhoa ona o khahlanong le leano la Lefapha la thuto ea motheo. Ha re hlahloba khothatso ea Molao-motheo oa Afrika Boroa, Liketso le lipuo tsa puo tsa naha, ho lebeletsoe ho bona liithuti tsohle tsa thuto ea Sehlopha sa Motheo (R-3) li rutoa ka puo ea habo bona. Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho hlahloba tšebeliso ea Senyesemane joaloka LoLT ho ruta barutoana ba 1 ba buang Senyesemane. Paradigm ea li-interpretivist / constructivist e ile ea tšehetsa thuto joaloka Sephiri sa Thekiso ea Lipuo e hlalositsoeng ke Skinner le Teacher Efficacy Theory ea Bandura. Phuputso ena e ile ea amohela thuto e nang le mekhoa e metle e le hore e hlahlobe tšebeliso ea Senyesemane jwale ka leleme la ho ruta barutoana ba 1 ba buang IsiZulu. E mong le e mong ho ea ho e mong, lipuisano tse sa tšoaneng, litlhaloso le tlhahlobo ea litokomane li ile tsa sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho bokella data. Sampula e hloekileng ea basoue ba tšeletseng ba likhaolo ho tloha likolong tse tharo tsa sechaba tsa pele e ne e sebelisoa. Tsela ea ts'ebetso e sebeliselitsoe ho hlahloba lintlha tse bokelitsoeng. Lintlha tse bokelitsoeng li ile tsa hlahlojoa, tsa aroloa ka mekhoa le lihlooho tse fumanoeng. Ka kakaretso, ho fumanoe hore sechaba se nka likolo, se fana ka Senyesemane e le leleme la ho ruta le ho ithuta lithuto tsa mphato wa pele wa barutoana ba Sezulu, e le likolo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa, le hoja polelo ea puo e sa hlokomeloe 'me basoue ba phephetsoa ho sebelisa sepheo puo ha ba ruta. Ho fumanoe hore mesuoe e mehlano ea Bakala 1 e sebelisitse Senyesemane hammoho le Senyesemane mme mosuoe a le mong feela o sebelisitse Senyesemane se fokolang ho hlakisa maikutlo a hore baithuti ba utloisise. Ho ile ha fihleloa qeto ea hore basuoe ba bang ba ile ba iphumana ba tsielehile ha ba sebelisa Senyesemane e le LoLT ka lebaka la ho hloka tataiso e viii nepahetseng le ts'ehetso ea Lihlopha tsa Tsamaiso ea Sekolo. Ho kgothaletswa hore Lefapha la Thuto la profinse, tlas'a boeta-pele ba Lekhotla la Tsamaiso (MEC), le lokela ho hlahloba leano la puo le ho fana ka ho hlaka ho netefatsa hore likolo li fumana tataiso mabapi le mokhoa oa ho khetha LoLT e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa. Ho boetse ho kgothaletswa hore basebeletsi ba SMTs ba fane ka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea ho fana ka ts'ebetso, haholo-holo ho mesuoe e mecha sekolong moo Senyesemane se sebelisoang e le LoLT. / Isinqumo sezinye izikole zamabanga aphansi emphakathini wesiyingi iKing Cetshwayo, KwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika, sokusebenzisa isiNgisi njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa (LoLT) ekufundiseni abafundi beBanga 1 abakhuluma isiZulu, kuyindaba yokukhathazeka. IsiNgisi akulona ulimi lwasekhaya lwalaba bafundi kanti futhi lesi senzo siphambene nenqubomgomo yoMnyango Wezemfundo Eyisisekelo. Uma ubhekisisa izincomo zomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, imithetho nezinqubomgomo zolimi lwezwe, kulindeleke ukuthi bonke abafundi bamabanga aphansi (Grade R-3) bafundiswe ngolimi lwabo lwasekhaya. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola ukusetshenziselwa isiNgisi njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa (LoLT) ekufundiseni abafundi beBanga 1 abakhuluma isiZulu. I-interpretivist / constructivist paradigm yalekelela lolu cwaningo njengoba kwenza i-Language Acquisition Theory ehlongozwa u-Skinner Kanye ne-Teacher Efficacy Theory ka-Bandura. Lesi sifundo sithatha uhlelo lwe qualitative multiple-case study njengoba sihlose ukucwaninga ukusetshenziswa kwesiNgisi njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa lapho kufundiswa abafundi beBanga 1 abakhuluma isiZulu. Izingxoxo zomuntu nomuntu kusetshenzisw imibuzo ehlelwe kahle, ukubuka lapho kufundiswa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamabhuku kwasetshenziswa njengamathuluzi okuqoqa ulwazi. Isampula elicacile labafundisi abayisithupha beBanga 1, abavela ezikoleni ezintathu zamabanga aphansi lasetshenziswa. Indlela yokuhlaziya ulwazi ye-Thematic yasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ulwazi olwaqoqwa. Ulwazi olwaqoqwa lwahlaziywa, lwahlukaniswa ngamakhodi nezindikimba. Ngokujwayelekile, kwatholakala ukuthi imiphakathi ibheka izikole, ezihlinzeka isiNgisi njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa (LoLT) ekufundiseni abafundi beBanga 1 abakhuluma IsiZulu, njengezikole ezenza kahle kakhulu, nakuba inqubomgomo yolimi ingabhekiwe futhi othisha behlangabezana nobunzima lapho besebenzisa lolu limi olukhethiwe ekufundiseni kwabo. Kwatholakala ukuthi othisha abahlanu beBanga 1 basebenzisa isiNgisi ngokuhlanganyela nesiZulu kanti uthisha oyedwa kuphela wasebenzisa isiZulu esincane kakhulu lapho ecacisa imibono ukuze abafundi baqonde. Kwatholakala ukuthi abanye othisha bazithola bexakekile lapho besebenzisa isiNgisi njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa (LoLT) ngenxa yokungatholi ukulekelelwa okufanele kanye nokusekwa amathimba okuphatha izikole (SMTs). Kunconywa ukuthi uMnyango Wezemfundo wesifundazwe, ngaphansi kobuholi beLungu loMkhandlu oPhethe (MEC), ubuyekeze inqubomgomo yolimi, ubuye unikeze izikole inqubo ecacile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikole zikhetha ulimi lokufunda nokufundisa ngendlela okuyi yona yona. Kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi amathimba aphethe izikole ahlinzeke ngezinhlelo ezinhle zokulekelela othisa, ikakhulukazi othisha abasha esikoleni lapho isiNgisi sisetshenziswa khona njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)

This study sought to investigate and to record any recurring patterns in the form and communicative impact of Shona advertisements. Motivation to carry out the study came from a realisation of a growing interest in using the Shona language for advertising and the fact that very few studies have been done on Shona advertisements. For methodology, examples of Shona advertisements were qualitatively analysed using some communications and discourse analysis approaches of the speech act theory and text linguistics. A structured interview with advertising agencies randomly selected and a questionnaire on the impact of advertisements were also used. The findings of the research included that Shona was used in advertisements in order to reach out to the majority of the Zimbabwean population. In addition, Shona was also found to have been developed enough to handle formal issues like advertisements. This finding further shows that Shona advertisements reflect an instance of diglossia leakage from Shona L(ow) to Shona H(igh). Another finding is that Shona advertisements reflect some characteristics of the Shona speech community in form. These include code-switching, slang and word- division problems. An innovation in code-switching noted in some Shona advertisements is the use of three languages, namely, English, Shona and Ndebele in one advertisement. It was also established that everything about the elements of Shona advertisements communicate. For instance, the message may be visual, tactile and olfactory. It also emerged that the Shona commercial advertisements had a presenting and a hidden agenda at the same time. To achieve this the advertisements used persuasive techniques such as advertising claims, cultural hooks and personalities as spokespersons. It was also noted that most readers of advertisements do not interpret them up to the hidden persuaders but end with the direct meaning. On the other hand the Shona advertisements that gave information such as health issues have no hidden agenda. One recommendation made is that advertisements be read and studied to raise the level of awareness about the persuasive techniques used in order to distinguish between misleading advertising and those that give useful information. Some recommendations were made for future research such as carrying out similar studies of informal Shona advertisements, advertisements by n'angas/inyangas (traditional healers), prophets and political campaigns. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

The research highlights the problems of the diglossic relationship between Shona and English in the teaching-learning situation in Zimbabwe secondary schools. It focuses on how English as a high variety language adversely affects the performance of learners writing 'O' level Shona examinations in secondary schools. The research also confirms that teachers and learners of Shona in Zimbabwean secondary schools have a negative attitude towards Shona. Finally, the use of English in the teaching of Shona, the less hours allocated to Shona, the low esteem of Shona vis-à-vis the dominance of English and the association of English with social mobility impact on the attitude of students towards Shona as a subject. This linguistic attitude coupled with orthographic problems causes low passes in Shona at 'O' level. Hence, one proposes, language awareness campaigns and the use of Shona in the teaching of practical criticism and grammar. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

The background in this study is that over the years analysis of grade 12 results in Ekurhuleni South District indicates that most secondary schools obtain 100% pass rate but not quality results isiZulu home language. IsiZulu home language quality results often range from 20% to 40%. The research findings point at two casual factors: (1) inside the classroom and (2) outside the classroom. Inside the classroom refers to quality of educators teaching isiZulu home language and outside the classroom refers to what is supposedly isiZulu home language’ yet a close analysis of the kind spoken in the township Zulu homes is in fact pidgin Zulu. In terms of quality evaluation this so called isiZulu home language can never pass quality assurance. The researcher recommends that educators of isiZulu home language be put through vigorous quality training in the teaching of isiZulu (HL). / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

This thesis is a study of language use in English language classrooms in primary schools in Hungary. The focus of the study is on the use of the target language (English) and the mother tongue (Hungarian) by the teachers and the learners. The teachers are all Hungarian native speakers, with varying levels of competence and previous experience in communicative language teaching, and this presents a challenge to the adoption of a communicative approach to the teaching of English. The National Core Curriculum endorses the communicative approach, with the expectation that the target language will be used as much as possible. However, in practice, the mother tongue is widely used in these classrooms, both by the teachers and by the students. There is therefore a conflict between policy and practice: the policy is that the target language should be used wherever possible, whereas the practice is that the use of the target language is limited to predictable and routine contexts. It is this conflict which constitutes the central question which is addressed in this thesis: how do teachers resolve the conflict between what they are expected to do, and what they feel capable of doing. Data from classrooms and interviews were collected and analysed, using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The focus of the analysis was on the amount and function of the use of the mother tongue by the teachers. Comparisons were drawn between teachers of Grade 4 pupils who started to learn English in Grade 1 and those who started in Grade 4. This analysis is complemented by evidence concerning the teachers‘ beliefs and understandings about the pressures and constraints which affect their teaching of English to young learners. The results suggest that the possibility of communicative language teaching in these classrooms is constrained by various factors, including the limitations in the children‘s cognitive capabilities and the proficiency level of the children, and the teachers‘ preference for using their previous methods which included grammar, translation and memorisation; also by curriculum requirements such as the use of the textbook, and the necessity to prepare the children for examinations. The implications of these findings for curriculum development in foreign language teaching in other comparable contexts are discussed.

(in English): This diploma thesis is focused on the Russian-speaking immigrants living in the Czech Republic, specifically on a group of those originating in Ukraine. It deals mainly with their speech behaviour during speeches in the language of the target country of their emigration, i.e., the Czech language, on the background of sociological, cultural and economic aspects. The thesis is divided into three basic chapters. The first chapter provides a brief description of the Russian-speaking emigration with the emphasis on the Ukrainian emigration. The main waves of the Ukrainian emigration from the end of 19th century to the present are described in this chapter. The target group of the study is the Ukrainian emigration after the fall of the communist regime in 1989 which is mainly concerned about the immigration of Czech compatriots and of labour emigration. Basic research strategies and the methodology of the study are described in the second chapter. Mainly qualitative research methods as well as quantitative methods were used in the thesis and the results of the quantitative method serve primarily to ensure the validity of the study during the linguistic analysis of individual respondents. The last chapter focuses on the research itself, it describes its process and results which stem from...

Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le champ théorique de la didactique des langues et du bilinguisme. Il a pour objet l’étude et la réflexion sur l’harmonisation des pratiques d’enseignement dans deux écoles primaires du réseau de l’Agence de l’Enseignement Français à l’Étranger (AEFE) en Amérique latine : l’école de Santiago du Chili et celle de La Paz (Bolivie). À partir d’un certain stade de son développement, cette étude s’étend à d’autres écoles du réseau AEFE implantées sur le continent latino-américain. L’interlangue des jeunes apprenants constitue la matrice à partir de laquelle se fonde ce travail de théorisation. Une grande partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’analyse des interactions linguistiques en classe de français, d’espagnol et en classe bilingue afin d’appréhender les moyens pédagogiques déployés par les enseignants pour traiter de faits de langue et en particulier des interférences linguistiques qui leur sont inhérentes. Cette analyse s’attache donc à la dynamique d’articulation entre la langue nationale et la langue française dans les pratiques quotidiennes de classe. À partir de réflexions théoriques et d’expériences menées sur le terrain, cette recherche s’interroge, d’une part, sur la prise en compte de certains paramètres didactiques nécessaires à la construction d’un curriculum d’enseignement convergent, et, d’autre part, sur la conceptualisation et la mise en œuvre d’un curriculum de formation des enseignants en didactique convergente. / This investigative work is part of the theoretical field of language instruction and bilingualism. Its purpose is the study of, and the reflection upon the harmonization of teaching practices in two primary schools belonging to the network of the Agency for French Instruction Abroad (AEFE) in Latin America: one in Santiago, Chili, and the other in La Paz, Bolivia. After a certain point in its development, this study extends to other schools in the AEFE network located in Latin America. The interlanguage of young learners is the matrix for this theorization work. A large part of the dissertation is dedicated to analyzing linguistic interactions in French class, Spanish class and bilingual class in order to grasp the pedagogical means used by instructors to deal with language features and in particular, inherent linguistic interferences. This analysis deals closely with the dynamics of articulation between the national language and the french language in daily classroom practices. This investigation uses theoretical reflections and field experiments to examine the taking into account of certain didactic parameters needed to implement a convergent instruction curriculum, on the one hand, and the conceptualization and implementation of an instructor training curriculum in convergent didactics, on the other hand. / Este trabajo de investigación se enmarca en el ámbito teórico de la didáctica lingüística y del bilingüismo. Contempla el estudio y la reflexión sobre la armonización de prácticas de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en dos escuelas primarias asociadas a la red educativa de los centros de la Agencia para la Enseñanza Francesa en el Extranjero (A.E.F.E): la escuela de Santiago de Chile (Centro de la Alianza Saint-Exupéry) y la de La Paz en Bolivia (Centro del Colegio Franco Boliviano Alcide d’Orbigny). A partir de cierto grado de su desarrollo, este estudio abarca otras escuelas de la red de centros A.E.F.E ubicadas en el continente suramericano.La interlengua de los alumnos que en este contexto inician su aprendizaje a una edad temprana constituye la matriz en la que se fundamenta este trabajo de teorización.Gran parte de la tesis se centra en el análisis de las interacciones lingüísticas en las clases de francés, de español y en la clase bilingüe, a fin de potenciar la comprensión de los recursos pedagógicos utilizados por los docentes para plantear fenómenos lingüísticos y, en particular, las interferencias lingüísticas que los caracterizan. Siendo así, este análisis se fija en la dinámica de articulación entre la lengua nacional y la lengua francesa en las prácticas educativas cotidianas.A partir de reflexiones teóricas y de experiencias directas, esta investigación cuestiona, por una parte, el tener presentes ciertas consideraciones didácticas necesarias en el planteamiento convergente de una enseñanza curricular, y, por otra, la conceptualización y la aplicación de un currículo de capacitación docente en didáctica convergente.