Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Maria Angela de Ambrosis.pdf: 1697682 bytes, checksum: b58402bd55f3c685ac5d2cc63cb32a51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Abstract The study object of this thesis is the processes of communication and interaction between the actor's body and the experimentation environment by means of research of the clown language in theater. This language requires training of perception abilities, spontaneous action, playing and ad-libbing, always proceeding between everyday actions and artistical actions. The aim of this thesis is to understand this training as a communicative relation between body and the environment of theater research. The theme comprehends the possibilities for an understanding of the body as a medium, that is, a complex environment filled with signs and language which expresses, informs and communicates its relation with other environments, always associating nature and culture. The body is a medium which manipulates, multiplies, expands, exchanges, produces, retains and communicates information. This understanding is based on scientific research carried out by a transdisciplinary group of the sciences known as Cognitive Sciences and whose focus consists precisely in researching the way in which the body knows and interacts in its relationship with environment, by means of experimental protocols. In this respect, some arguments based on the hypothesis of neuroscientists Antonio Damásio, Andy Clark e Alain Berthoz will be presented. Among other aspects, these studies focus on which mechanisms the (human) organism develops to perceive, react and act in its relation with and within the world. The theoretical/practical entwinement between several knowledges supports the plausibility of the hypothesis that clown training qualifies the actor to interact with the environment in all the latter presents as unusual, different and polysemic, since both, environment and actor's body, are filled with unusual, different and surprising movements. / Esta tese tem por objeto de estudo os processos de comunicação e interação entre o corpo do ator e o ambiente de experimentação a partir da pesquisa da linguagem do clown no teatro. Essa linguagem requer um treinamento das habilidades perceptivas, da ação espontânea, do jogo e da improvisação, sempre em trâmite entre as ações cotidianas e as ações artísticas. O objetivo desta tese consiste em compreender esse treinamento como uma relação comunicativa entre corpo e ambiente de pesquisa teatral. O tema que a circunscreve refere-se às possibilidades de entendimento do corpo como mídia, ou seja, um ambiente complexo e povoado de signos e linguagens que expressa, informa e comunica a sua relação com outros ambientes, sempre aliando natureza e cultura. O corpo constitui um meio que manipula, multiplica, expande, troca, produz, retém e comunica informação. Essa compreensão fundamenta-se em pesquisas científicas desenvolvidas por um grupo transdisciplinar das chamadas Ciências Cognitivas, cujo foco consiste justamente em pesquisar como o corpo conhece e interage na relação com o ambiente, por meio de protocolos experimentais. Neste sentido, serão apresentados alguns argumentos fundamentados nas hipóteses dos neurocientistas Antonio Damásio, Andy Clark e Alain Berthoz. Entre outros aspectos, estes estudos enfocam quais os mecanismos que o organismo (humano) desenvolve para perceber, reagir e agir nas relações com e no mundo. O entrelaçamento teórico/prático entre diversos saberes sustenta a plausibilidade da hipótese de que o treinamento do clown habilita o ator a interagir com o ambiente no que ele manifesta de inusitado, diferente, polissêmico, porque ambos, ambiente e corpo do ator, estão repletos de movimentos inusitados, diferentes e surpreendentes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:18:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Oliveira Teixeira de Freitas.pdf: 69986778 bytes, checksum: cec52945f813f30e5816864367554c5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aims the investigation of the tactile communicational identity of surface design. As a communication tool that approaches the object and its users, the surface design is inserted in a market context in which the buying values extend beyond the mechanical performance, embracing the intangible contents spheres. Surfaces are considered to be active interfaces, capable of establishing a communication through sensitive codes. Therefore, the importance of the transmitted information content, as well as the transmission itself, are relevant matters in the intangible sphere of the living context and should be considered in a surface design project. The study targets the understanding of the surface design project development, from the perspective of the creative process critique, articulated by Salles (2008), seeking, through the reactivation of the creative network, to outline the specifics that make the surface design an autonomous area of research and development in design. Based on a vast number of projects with different projective intentions from the fields of design, architecture and fashion, the dissertation discusses the interrelations established between the universes of praxis and ideas, pointing out some projective tendencies that explore the tactile communication. Approaching from the general issues of a design project, which involve the culture and the market environment, to the specifics issues of the surface design practice. The chosen authors to base the discussions concerning the communication systems and the emotional experience market are: Fontenelle (2002), Lazzarato(2001), Negri (2001) and Görz(2005). On what is referred to the perception and cognition matters were consulted the works of Nicolelis (2008) and Flusser(2008) / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo a investigação da identidade comunicacional tátil do design de superfície. Como ferramenta de aproximação comunicativa entre usuário e objeto, o design de superfície insere-se em um contexto mercadológico, cujos valores de compra se estendem para além do desempenho mecânico, englobando as esferas de conteúdos imateriais. Consideram-se as superfícies como interfaces ativas, capazes de estabelecer uma comunicação através de códigos sensoriais. Portanto, a importância do conteúdo informacional transmitido, assim como a própria transmissão, são questões que possuem relevância na esfera imaterial do contexto vivido e devem ser consideradas em um projeto de superfície. O estudo visa a entender como se desenvolve um projeto de design de superfície sob o ponto de vista da crítica do processo de criação, proposto por Salles (2008), buscando, pela reativação da rede criativa, evidenciar as especificidades que tornam o design de superfície uma área autônoma de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em design. A partir de uma coletânea de projetos com propósitos distintos das áreas de design, de arquitetura e de moda, busca-se, nas inter-relações estabelecidas entre os universos da praxis e das idéias, discutir tendências projetivas que exploram a comunicação tátil. Analisando desde as questões mais gerais de um projeto de design, que envolvem o ambiente cultural e mercadológico, até as questões específicas da prática do design de superfícies. Os autores adotados para embasar as discussões referentes aos sistemas de comunicação e o mercado da experiência emocional são: Fontenelle (2002), Lazzarato(2001), Negri (2001) e Görz(2005). No que se refere a percepção e a cognição dos sentidos foram consultados os estudos de Nicolelis (2008) e Flusser(2008)

<div>In 2019, cyber security is considered one of the most significant threats to the global economy and national security. Top U.S. agencies have acknowledged this fact, and provided direction regarding strategic priorities and future initiatives within the domain. However, there is still a lack of basic understanding of factors that impact complexity, scope, and effectiveness of cyber defense efforts. Computer security incident response is the short-term process of detecting, identifying, mitigating, and resolving a potential security threat to a network. These activities are typically conducted in computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs) comprised of human analysts that are organized into hierarchical tiers and work closely with many different computational tools and programs. Despite the fact that CSIRTs often provide the first line of defense to a network, there is currently a substantial global skills shortage of analysts to fill open positions. Research and development efforts from educational and technological perspectives have been independently ineffective at addressing this shortage due to time lags in meeting demand and associated costs. This dissertation explored how to combine the two approaches by considering how human-centered research can inform development of computational solutions toward augmenting human analyst capabilities. The larger goal of combining these approaches is to effectively complement human expertise with technological capability to alleviate pressures from the skills shortage.</div><div><br></div><div>Insights and design recommendations for hybrid systems to advance the current state of security automation were developed through three studies. The first study was an ethnographic field study which focused on collecting and analyzing contextual data from three diverse CSIRTs from different sectors; the scope extended beyond individual incident response tasks to include aspects of organization and information sharing within teams. Analysis revealed larger design implications regarding collaboration and coordination in different team environments, as well as considerations about usefulness and adoption of automation. The second study was a cognitive task analysis with CSIR experts with diverse backgrounds; the interviews focused on expertise requirements for information sharing tasks in CSIRTs. Outputs utilized a dimensional expertise construct to identify and prioritize potential expertise areas for augmentation with automated tools and features. Study 3 included a market analysis of current automation platforms based on the expertise areas identified in Study 2, and used Systems Engineering methodologies to develop concepts and functional architectures for future system (and feature) development.</div><div><br></div><div>Findings of all three studies support future directions for hybrid automation development in CSIR by identifying social and organizational factors beyond traditional tool design in security that supports human-systems integration. Additionally, this dissertation delivered functional considerations for automated technology that can augment human capabilities in incident response; these functions support better information sharing between humans and between humans and technological systems. By pursuing human-systems integration in CSIR, research can help alleviate the skills shortage by identifying where automation can dynamically assist with information sharing and expertise development. Future research can expand upon the expertise framework developed for CSIR and extend the application of proposed augmenting functions in other domains.</div>

While the differences in health between cultures co-existing in the same country have been well researched, there has been insufficient attention paid to the definition of culture used in these studies. Typically the ethnicity of an individual has been determined along biological lines or by the country of origin. However, the culture with which an individual identifies may not be so clear: an individual may identify with a number of cultures, from the social group with whom they socialise, to the religion they follow. Measuring the degree to which an individual identifies with a particular culture (their cultural identity), would allow an assessment of how membership in that culture influences health outcomes. The present study investigated the relationship between the cultural identity (CI) of Māori and their health. The main hypothesis was that a higher CI would be positively correlated with better health. The relationships between demographic factors (e.g. age, gender, & socio-economic status (SES)), CI, and a number of health indicators (self rated health, smoking behaviour, alcohol consumption, & exercise/sporting behaviours) were also examined. The sample used in the present study (767 adult Māori) was a subset of the data collected the Te Hoe Nuku Roa Māori profiles project. The development of a CI measure incorporated seven cultural indicators: Whakapapa (ancestry), Marae Participation, Whanaū associations (extended family), Whenua Tipu (ancestral land), contact with Māori people, Use of te Reo (Māori language), and kai (food preferences). A series of hierarchical linear regressions found that CI was not directly related to health indicators in the present study. There were weak interactions between CI, age, and smoking behaviour; CI, home ownership, and involvement in sport; and age, Crowding and involvement in sport. Additional findings were that more Sporting Involvement/exercise was moderately correlated with improved health, and there was a weak relationship between CI and SES. It was speculated that the lack of significant findings may be due to a difference in the quality of participants’ CI: The CI measure did not distinguish between those who learn their culture and those who live their culture (each group tending to be in differing social and economic positions). Recommendations from the study were: Further validation of the CI measure, and assessment of the distribution of CI over urban/rural areas, SES and age; additional research into the relationship between young Māori smokers and their CI; assessing how the level of Sporting Involvement varies across the social and economic realities of Māori; and the development of appropriate measures utilising the whanaū/household as the unit of analysis.

A manualised trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) programme was developed for multiply-abused children diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Feather & Ronan, 2004) referred to the specialist clinic of the statutory child protection agency in New Zealand. The TF-CBT protocol was based on: (1) a review of the history of child abuse (CA) and child protection in New Zealand and internationally, with particular reference to professional developments and the role of psychologists in ameliorating CA; (2) a conceptualisation of the clinical presentation of CA in children; (3) a review of the field of psychotraumatology and theoretical models, including locally developed, relevant to the development of a treatment programme for traumatised abused children in a child protection setting in New Zealand; and (4) a review of evidence-based practice, treatment outcome models, and current empirical research related to developing an effective treatment model in this area. The locally developed TF-CBT programme built on efficacious treatments for child anxiety and PTSD as a result of sexual abuse. It encompasses psychosocial strengthening, coping skills training, gradual exposure using expressive modalities, and special issues relevant to trauma and abuse. A “scientist-practitioner” approach to local clinical research was used to evaluate the programme. A single-case multiple-baseline design demonstrated the controlling effects of the treatment across four studies; each comprising four typically-referred multiply-abused children aged 9-15 years who met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Parent/caregivers were involved in treatment sessions. Study 1 was a pilot with four Pakeha/New Zealand European children; Study 2 trialled the protocol with two Maori and two Samoan children; Study 3 was an evaluation of the developed protocol with a multicultural group of typically-referred children; and Study 4 was an evaluation with other therapists delivering the manualised programme. Despite some methodological difficulties related to conducting research in a setting of this nature, the overall results indicate a good deal of promise. Across the four studies, for the majority of children treated, PTSD symptoms decreased and child coping increased. Where follow-up data was available, gains generally maintained or improved over 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals. Recommendations are made about further applications of this TF-CBT programme, including the interweaving of cultural models with TF-CBT, and development and evaluation of the protocol in other settings. Implications of the current research are discussed in terms of recognition of the crucial importance of evidence-based practice in CA/child protection settings, and the contribution psychologists and therapists can make to ensure quality outcomes for this most vulnerable population of children and families.

After over 30 years of research, our knowledge of the consequences of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is still marked by considerable disarray. A research programme of three studies was designed to improve our understanding of functioning in adulthood after CSA by considering perceptions of sexual abuse from three different viewpoints: Clients with a history of CSA, lay, non-abused adults, and sexual abuse practitioners. In the first study, Multidimensional scaling was employed to develop a reporting device summarising the wide range effects and coping efforts likely to following sexual abuse (RESA – Reporting Effects of Sexual Abuse). A two-fold mapping and profiling approach was then used to highlight consistency and specificity of sexual abuse sequelae by comparing effect-coping patterns of 113 adults with a history of CSA to profiles describing the functioning of nontraumatised adults. The second study then enquired about the stability of perceptions of CSA consequences carried by 149 lay, non-abused adults. An analogue priming study explored how the impact of emotional arousal and cognitive re-structuring intervention adjust participants’ understanding of CSA outcomes. As lay, non-abused adults were found to carry an oversimplified perception of CSA sequelae, Study Three therefore investigated if practitioners were exempt from such underlying biases. Signal detection analysis was used in the final third study to independently assess 85 practitioners’ judgment accuracy and bias when asked to identify sexual abuse effects among a set of supposedly unrelated behaviour, and to discriminate direct effects from secondary ways of coping with CSA. While practitioners were successful in detecting relevant CSA sequelae, they nonetheless demonstrated a highly overinclusive perception compared to the empirical reports by sexually abused clients and societal perceptions. Findings of the three studies were integrated to build an empirical framework on the multiplicity of perceptions on the sequelae of CSA. Overall, this research showed that all individuals, regardless of their association with CSA, carry perceptions about the consequences of CSA. These perceptions appeared to be universal, independent of emotional arousal or attempted cognitive restructuring. While CSA clients reported an array of effects and coping efforts, society only seemed to reflect basic elements of these as related to CSA. Professionals, on the other hand, indicated overinclusive perceptions in which most characteristics were identified as CSA sequelae, in particular as a mean of coping. Finally, no specific pathway was found to follow CSA. While there appeared to be an increased intensity of effects and a greater need for coping among adults with a history of CSA, the general pattern or type of sequelae was also reported by non-traumatised adults. Understanding the functional processes underlying these patterns of common sequelae can help to tailor treatment to the individual needs of clients who experienced CSA. Further implications of this empirical model for practice and research in the area of sexual abuse in Aotearoa/New Zealand are discussed.

'Closed stranger' adoption in Aotearoa / New Zealand from approximately 1940 to 1990 involved the practice of a complete break between the birth mother and her child and the legal transfer of the child to adoptive parents. In Aotearoa / New Zealand between 1940 and 1990, 108,899 adoptions took place, and most consisted of ‘closed stranger’ adoptions. These adoptions have caused much joy as well as some heartache for parties involved in the experience namely, birth mothers, adoptees and adoptive mothers and their whānau. This thesis reports original research which aims to investigate the unique experiences of Māori adoptive mothers in the 'closed stranger' adoption period and enable the impact of legal adoption on these Māori women who have not previously warranted research, to be valued. A qualitative methodology, Māori-centred research and unstructured kanohi ki te kanohi (face to face) interviews were utilized to gather data from six Māori adoptive mothers. The intention of Māori centred research as its name suggests, is to locate Māori people and Māori knowledge at the centre of the research action. A thematic analysis utilizing interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used. The unique experiences of Māori women legally adopting in the ‘closed stranger’ adoption system were about whānau business, and grouped under that superordinate theme were experiences of ‘not blood’, land succession, naming and caring for whānau. The stigma of adoption resonated throughout the women’s narratives. As well, most of these Māori adoptive mothers found that they experienced ‘closed stranger’ adoption as a ‘rollercoaster of emotions’.

L'activité neuronale est souvent considérée en neuroscience cognitive par la réponse évoquée mais l'essentiel de l'énergie consommée par le cerveau permet d'entretenir les dynamiques spontanées des réseaux corticaux. L'utilisation combinée d'algorithmes de classification (K means, arbre hirarchique, SOM) sur des enregistrements intracellulaires du cortex visuel primaire du chat nous permet de définir des classes de dynamiques neuronales et de les comparer l'activité évoquée par un stimulus visuel. Ces dynamiques peuvent être étudiées sur des systèmes simplifiés (FitzHugh-Nagumo, systèmes dynamiques hybrides, Wilson-Cowan) dont nous présentons l'analyse. Enfin, par des simulations de réseaux composés de colonnes de neurones, un modèle du cortex visuel primaire nous permet d'étudier les dynamiques spontanées et leur effet sur la réponse à un stimulus. Après une période d'apprentissage pendant laquelle des stimuli visuels sont presentés, des vagues de dépolarisation se propagent dans le réseau. L'étude des correlations dans ce réseau montre que les dynamiques spontanées reflètent les propriétés fonctionnelles acquises au cours de l'apprentissage.

Daily use of inhaled preventer medication is recommended for most people with asthma. However, research suggests many do not adhere to this regime. The current thesis comprises two research studies utilising the common-sense model of self-regulation as the theoretical basis to explore how people make decisions about inhaled preventer use in asthma. The purpose of Study One was to compare a self-report and an objective measure of adherence to preventer medication for asthma and to examine the illness representations and treatment beliefs associated with these measures. Accordingly, 1,936 U.K. General Practice patients who were using preventer medication for asthma completed a questionnaire assessing illness and medication perceptions and gave consent for information to be obtained from their medical records. Adherence to preventer medication was calculated from the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) and an objective measure, the proportion of prescribed medication that the participant collected over the previous year. Results show that nearly nine out of ten participants (88.4%) reported some non-adherence to their preventer medication. The most common form of non-adherence was using preventer inhaler only when feeling breathless. The relationships between participants��� representations of their asthma and their beliefs about their preventer medication and adherence measures were tested using structural equation modelling. Seeing asthma as a condition that was not present when asymptomatic was associated with more non-adherence (��=.22 p<.001) and also with collecting a smaller proportion of prescribed preventer medication over the past year (��=-.15, p<.001). Seeing asthma as an acute condition, as a condition without serious consequences, and as a condition that could not be controlled by treatment were also representations associated with non-adherence. Those who did not see the need for preventer medication at all, or did not see the need for preventer medication when asymptomatic were more likely to be non-adherent. The relationship between illness representations and self-report adherence was mediated by the belief that medication was necessary. Having identified a number of key beliefs that were associated with use of preventer medication in asthma, Study Two explored the way in which these beliefs may be developed through the process of appraisal of the influence of medication use on symptom experience. Using quantitative methods, 77 patients from a New Zealand General Practice completed a questionnaire measuring the reasons for experimenting and stopping medication, illness representations and treatment beliefs. Thirty percent of the sample reported actively experimenting with their medication. These participants were more likely to hold the belief that medication did not help in the absence of symptoms (Mann-Whitney U=343.5, p<.05) and to report trying to avoid thinking about asthma (Mann-Whitney U=330.5, p<.05). Fifty-one of the participants were subsequently interviewed about their experiences with using medication and transcripts of these interviews were subjected to a qualitative analysis. Participants��� responses suggested that the process of appraising whether medication is necessary was influenced by the match between what the participant expects to happen when using the medication and what actually does happen. The process of deciding when medication is necessary is influenced by the threshold at which medication is deemed to be necessary and the speed at which symptoms return if medication is stopped. These findings have implications for the development of interventions to improve adherence to preventer medication for asthma. They suggest that a key component of self-management education is educating patients about the nature of asthma as a chronic condition that is present even in the absence of symptoms. Additionally, they provide evidence that many patients are involved in an active process of appraising the success of their medication. Health professionals should be aware of that this process is likely to be influenced by patients��� expectations of medication, the level of symptoms at which they believe action is required to control asthma and the speed at which symptoms return if medication is discontinued. Future research could take the form of a randomised controlled intervention to assess whether discussion of these factors with patients could improve quality of life for people with asthma. / Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.

Experimental and quantitative research in the field of human language processing and production strongly depends on the quality of the underlying language material: beside its size, representativeness, variety and balance have been discussed as important factors which influence design, analysis and interpretation of experiments and their results. This volume brings together creators and users of both general purpose and specialized lexical resources which are used in psychology, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and cognitive research. It aims to be a forum to report experiences and results, review problems and discuss perspectives of any linguistic data used in the field. / Experimentelle und quantitative Forschung im Bereich der menschlichen Sprachverarbeitung und -produktion hängt wesentlich von der Qualität des zugrundeliegenden Sprachmaterials ab: Neben dessen Umfang wurden auch Repräsentativität, Vielfalt und Ausgewogenheit als wichtige Einflüsse auf Design, Analyse und Interpretation entsprechender Experimente und deren Ergebnisse diskutiert. Der vorliegende Band enthält Arbeiten von Entwicklern und Anwendern sowohl allgemeiner als auch spezialisierter lexikalischer Ressourcen aus den Bereichen Psychologie, Psycho-, Neurolinguistik und Kongitionswissenschaften. Ziel ist es anhand der dargestellten Ergebnisse Probleme und Perspektiven bei der Arbeit mit linguistischen Daten aufzuzeigen.