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what follows is a relatively concise attempt at designing a place that would contain spaces of quietude, solitude and interaction through architectural qualities such as light and shadow, mass and void along with materials and layering. enjoyable and relaxing spaces that would last in one's memory. Hoping that these qualities would engrave a beautiful mark on one's soul even when they are no longer at that place. a complex of thermal baths in the city of isfahan, iran, a city rich in culture, made this exploration of mine pursuable and possible. / Master of Architecture

It is my intention through this thesis to investigate the structural condition of collage as a culturally relevant approach to understanding architectural meaning and designing architectural form within the context of the urban environment. Meaning in architecture, as it emerges both implicitly and explicitly within the framework of this condition, will be analyzed as it relates to contemporary cultural and historical conditions. In terms of process and product, collage is construed with meaning through juxtaposition and context. A collage does not convey an essential meaning, as its meaning arises through the deliberate techne - the act of its making, and not through reflection on any pre-existing qualities, as there are none. The whole of a collage does not merely encompass an accumulation of elements, but embraces a greater totality through a fragmentary synthesis. While synthesis denotes a constructive process, it also signifies a dialectic relation. The dialectic relation embodied in collage can be understood in terms of inclusivity and exclusivity of meaning. This thesis investigation originates from the premise that the architectural act can never be fully understood in terms of its architecture alone. To ignore the greater social, cultural, and historical framework that sustains both the maker and the made is to deny architecture its full depth of meaning, whether that meaning is ideological, transparent, or bound within a chain of signifiers. This is not to imply that the social deterministically constitutes architecture, as both undoubtedly reciprocate influence upon one another; the maker and the made leave their indelible impression upon the sphere of relations which surrounds them. However, it is ultimately within this sphere - this larger social context - that an architectural form embodies meaning. / Master of Architecture

The aim of the present work, "Archaeology of the found object", is to study and analyze what we know as "objet trouvé". In our way through Art History we will take a pause to see what avant-gardes from the twentieth century and which artists have recovered disused objects and have given them a second life by turning them into works of art. We will analyze their precedents to see how they could have influenced later artistic processes. This journey will inevitably lead us to the beginning of the small museums, and to think about what collectionism means. We will emphasize in the change of value of objects as they become works of art. Across examples of exhibitions of the last recent years and of museums devoted of hosting this type of collections, we will see how found objects are still being used currently for the elaboration of artistic discourses and works. All this will be done from a poetically archaeological look at findings that will conclude in a plastic proposal. An interdisciplinary research Through an almost detective process of that Umberto Eco called "abductive semiosis", our research will seek to elaborate a story, in order to include as an hypothesis the origin and the supposed purpose of an object or a fragment of a found object ¿as it happens in the logical mental process followed by Sherlock Holmes¿ we will see the reasons that have guided my decision to look for, not only the presence of three Ph. D. advisors, but fundamentally their different disciplinary approach, necessary to give coherence to the epistemological thread that sustains my own work. Being an interdisciplinary research I sought the help of three acquaintances specialists in the main topics that are developed in the dissertation. The archaeological and paleontological perspective that is in the basis of the process of looking for, finding, analyzing, and writing / creating from what has been found, that is present throughout the work, has taken as referent both the bibliography and the fieldwork of Professor in Paleontology Juan Luis Arsuaga. The rhetoric of painting as a way of understanding the discipline owes its intellectual position to the book Rhetoric of painting by Alberto Carrere and the director of this research, painter and painting Professor José Saborit. Finally, and to explain the object as a sign within Art History and the importance of the changes of value the contributions of the semiotician and Professor of Theory of Languages and Communication Jenaro Talens have been very important . The three disciplinary fields of my three advisors, articulated among them, have made possible the development of "Archaeology of the found object". / El objetivo del presente trabajo, "Arqueología del objeto encontrado", es estudiar y analizar en qué consiste lo que conocemos como "objet trouvé". Mediante un recorrido por la Historia del Arte nos detendremos para ver qué vanguardias del siglo XX y qué artistas han recuperado objetos en desuso y les han dado una segunda vida para convertirlos en obras de arte. Analizaremos sus precedentes para ver cómo han podido influir en los procesos artísticos posteriores. Este trayecto nos llevará inevitablemente al inicio de los pequeños museos, y a hacer una reflexión sobre lo que supone el coleccionismo. Se hará especial hincapié en el cambio de valor de los objetos al convertirse en obras de arte. A través de ejemplos de exposiciones de los últimos años y museos destinados a albergar colecciones de esta índole, veremos cómo en la actualidad se siguen empleando los objetos encontrados para la elaboración de discursos artísticos y obras. Todo esto se hará a partir de una mirada poéticamente arqueológica en cuanto a hallazgos se refiere que concluirá en una propuesta plástica. Una investigación interdisciplinar Mediante un proceso casi detectivesco de lo que Umberto Eco llamaba "semiosis abductiva" que busca, mediante la elaboración de un relato, que incluya como hipótesis el origen y supuesta finalidad de un objeto o fragmento de objeto encontrado ¿como sucede en el proceso lógico del pensamiento de Sherlock Holmes, veremos la razón que ha guiado, no sólo la presencia de tres directores de tesis, sino fundamentalmente su distinta adscripción disciplinar, necesaria para dar coherencia al hilo epistemológico que sustenta nuestra reflexión. Al tratarse de una investigación interdisciplinar busqué la ayuda de tres conocidos especialistas en los temas principales que se desarrollan en la tesis. La parte general de la mirada arqueológica y paleontológica que se le ha querido dar a la investigación y que forma parte de ese proceso de búsqueda, encuentro y análisis y escribir/crear a partir del hallazgo que, está presente a lo largo de todo el trabajo viene estudiada tras las lecturas que ha aportado tanto la bibliografía como el trabajo de campo del catedrático en Paleontología Juan Luis Arsuaga. La retórica de la pintura viene planteada como forma de entender esta disciplina a partir del libro Retórica de la pintura de Alberto Carrere y el director de esta tesis, pintor y catedrático de Pintura José Saborit. Finalmente, y para explicar el objeto como signo dentro de la Historia del Arte y la importancia de los cambios de valor han sido imprescindibles las aportaciones del semiótico y catedrático en Teoría de los lenguajes y Ciencias de la comunicación Jenaro Talens. Los tres campos disciplinares de mis directores, articulándose entre sí, han hecho posible el desarrollo de "Arqueología del objeto encontrado". / L'objectiu del present treball, "Arqueologia de l'objecte trobat", és estudiar i analitzar en què consisteix allò el que coneixem com "objet trouvé". Mitjançant un recorregut a través de la Història de l'Art ens aturarem per veure quines avantguardes del segle XX i quins artistes han recuperat objectes en desús i els han donat una segona vida per convertir-los en obres d'art. Analitzarem els seus precedents per veure com han pogut influir en els processos artístics posteriors. Aquest trajecte ens portarà inevitablement a l'inici dels petits museus, i a fer una reflexió sobre allò que suposa el col¿leccionisme. Es farà especial èmfasi en el canvi de valor dels objectes en convertir-se en obres d'art. A través d'exemples d'exposicions dels últims anys i museus destinats a albirar col¿leccions d'aquesta mena, veurem com en l'actualitat se segueixen emprant els objectes trobats per a l'elaboració de les obres i els discursos artístics. Tot això es farà a partir d'una mirada poèticament arqueològica pel que es refereix a troballes, que conclourà en una proposta plàstica. Una investigació interdisciplinària Mitjançant un procés gairebé detectivesc que Umberto Eco anomenava "semiosi abductiva", que cerca l'elaboració d'un relat, que incloga com a hipòtesi l'origen i suposada finalitat d'un objecte o fragment d'objecte trobat ¿com succeeix en el procés lògic del pensament de Sherlock Holmes¿; veurem la raó que ha guiat, no només la presència de tres directors de tesi, sinó fonamentalment la seua diferent adscripció disciplinar, necessària per donar coherència al fil epistemològic que sustenta la nostra reflexió. En tractar-se d'una investigació interdisciplinària vaig buscar l'ajuda de tres coneguts especialistes en els temes principals que es desenvolupen a la tesi. La part general de la mirada arqueològica i paleontològica que se li ha volgut donar a la investigació i que forma part d'aquest procés de recerca, trobada i anàlisi i escriure / crear a partir de la troballa, que està present al llarg de tot el treball ve estudiada després de les lectures que ha aportat tant la bibliografia com el treball de camp del catedràtic en Paleontologia Juan Luis Arsuaga. La retòrica de la pintura ve plantejada com a forma d'entendre aquesta disciplina a partir del llibre Retòrica de la pintura d'Alberto Carrere i el director d'aquesta tesi, pintor i catedràtic de Pintura José Saborit. Finalment, i per explicar l'objecte com a signe dins de la Història de l'Art i la importància dels canvis de valor han estat imprescindibles les aportacions del semiòtic i catedràtic en Teoria dels llenguatges i Ciències de la comunicació Jenaro Talens. Els tres camps disciplinaris dels meus directors, articulant-se entre si, han fet possible el desenvolupament de "Arqueologia de l'objecte trobat". / Alvar Beltrán, C. (2017). Arqueología del objeto encontrado [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86150

This thesis is an investigation of embracing the figural possibilities of palimpsest through layering new construction upon extant. The existing building, a neglected warehouse in Louisville, Kentucky, is challenged by a new program that is intended to subdivide the vast, horizontal space and reconstrue the two distinctly ordered systems to formulate new interdependent spatial relationships. Filtered critical moments and continuities are explored through the implication of collapse, the embrace of datum and ideatum, and the lateral play of scale and repetition. Through development of these new relationships, the building is intended to not be a product but a construct of process, allowing particular moments of composition to exist within a collage of space and time. / Master of Architecture

Introduction : Après un traitement orthodontique, la rétention (ou contention) est essentielle pour éviter les récidives vers la malocclusion initiale. Le fil de rétention lingual est un appareil fixe, relativement facile à installer et bien accepté par les patients pour maintenir la position finale des dents antérieures inférieures. Étant de plus en plus utilisé, il devient important de s’assurer de sa fiabilité pour la stabilité de l’alignement dentaire. Objectif : Le but de cette étude clinique randomisée prospective est de déterminer le taux de survie d’un fil lingual mandibulaire de rétention en comparant les méthodes de collage direct et de collage indirect à court et moyen termes. Méthodologie : L’échantillon est constitué de 117 patients consécutifs aléatoirement distribués dans 2 groupes : collage direct (n=58) et collage indirect (n=59). Les fils torsadés de diamètre 0,0175’’ sont préformés par un technicien de laboratoire soit selon la méthode de collage direct, soit selon la méthode de collage indirect. Une matrice de transfert en silicone assure le positionnement précis du fil lingual en bouche. Assure® et Filtek™ Flow ont été utilisés pour le collage direct. Filtek™ Flow, Assure®, and Sondhi™ ont été utilisés pour le collage indirect. Les fils de rétention ont été évalués pour le décollement, l’infiltration, la distorsion et le bris à 2 mois (T1) et 6 mois (T2). Résultats : À T1, le taux de survie du fil de rétention est de 90,2% pour le groupe de collage direct, comparativement à 79,5% pour le groupe de collage indirect (p=0,232). À T2, le fil est resté intact pour 74,1% des participants dans le groupe de collage direct et pour 70,0% des participants dans le groupe de collage indirect (p=0,481). Les différences ne sont pas statistiquement significatives entre les 2 groupes. La fréquence du décollement est plus haute que les autres problèmes enregistrés à T1 (p<0,022), représentant 85,7% des échecs. À T2, le décollement est plus fréquent que la distorsion ou le bris (p<0,04), mais pas statistiquement plus fréquent que l’infiltration (p=0,109). Il représente alors 86,4% des échecs. Conclusion : Le décollement est la principale cause d’échec d’un fil de rétention lingual. Il n’y a pas de différence statistiquement significative du taux de survie d’un fil lingual mandibulaire de rétention entre les techniques de collage direct et de collage indirect à court et moyen termes. / Background: The lingual wire has been shown to be an effective way to ensure the retention of the lower anterior segment after orthodontic treatment. As it is increasingly used, it is important to achieve proper bonding of the wire to ensure stability. Objective: The aim of this prospective randomized clinical study is to assess the short and medium term survival rate of the mandibular lingual retention wire using 2 different bonding techniques (direct and indirect). Materials and Methods: The sample of 117 consecutive patients was randomly distributed into 2 groups: direct bonding (n=58) and indirect bonding (n=59). The multi-strand twist wires (0,0175”) used were all preformed by a technician and prepared for either direct or indirect bonding technique with a transfer matrix. Assure® and Filtek™ Flow were used for direct bonding. Filtek™ Flow, Assure®, and Sondhi™ were used for indirect bonding. The lingual wires were evaluated for bonding failure, infiltration, breakage, and distortion at 2 months (T1) and 6 months (T2). Results: At T1, survival rate for the lingual wire was 90,2% for direct bonding and 79,5% for indirect bonding (p=0,232). At T2, the lingual wire was intact for 74,1% of the participants in the direct bonding group and 70,0% for the indirect bonding group (p=0,481). The differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant. Debonding was more frequent than all other problems at T1 (p<0,022), accounting for 85,7% of the failures. At T2, debonding was more frequent than distortion and breakage (p<0,04), but not statistically more frequent than infiltration (p=0,109). It then accounted for 86,4% of the failures. Conclusion: Debonding is the main cause of failure for a lingual retention wire. There is no statistically significant difference in the survival rate of a lingual retention wire using direct and indirect bonding techniques in the short and medium term.

Notre travail interroge les différentes pratiques de création de Ghérasim Luca (livres-objets, albums, portfolios, plaquettes, poèmes-tracts et poèmes-affiches, récitals scéniques et télévisuels, cubomanies, dessins au point) à l’aune des expériences sémiotiques qu’elles engagent. Dire des signes qu’ils sont mis en jeu, c’est insister sur la dimension matérielle et éminemment sensible des mouvements de production et de réception. La question du sens est indissociable de celle du médium, dès lors que les signes se donnent à éprouver comme corps (corps sonores, corps graphiques ou typographiques) par des corps. La notion de surgissement permet de rendre compte de cette spatialité, qui a partie liée avec des phénomènes théâtraux, ceux d’apparition et de disparition : la page blanche, la bande sonore, l’écran, le panneau de bois peint, sont autant de lieux où peut s’inventer et se déployer une pensée incarnée. Quant à la notion d’opacification, employée en linguistique pour décrire certains phénomènes métadiscursifs, elle mérite d’être réévaluée et déplacée : nous nous efforçons de passer du domaine strictement verbal à un champ plus largement sémiotique.Notre parcours s’organise en quatre étapes solidaires, qui manifestent l’intrication des approches historiques, sémiotiques, linguistiques, médiologiques, stylistiques, mais aussi scientifiques et philosophiques. La première partie consiste en une exploration des créations plastiques, graphiques, sonores, qui intègre les diverses collaborations auxquelles Ghérasim Luca a pris part en Roumanie puis en France. La deuxième partie dégage un imaginaire linguistique, nourri de diverses traditions (l’atomisme de Lucrèce, l’alchimie, la Kabbale), qui fait du vide un principe structurant, et de l’écriture un travail d’agencement. Cet imaginaire, qui relève d’une pensée de la langue dans la langue, est lui-même volontiers mis à distance : il ne s’agit pas d’adhérer à ce qui serait une théorie, mais de circuler librement entre des conceptions apparemment inconciliables. La troisième partie décrit les jeux de perturbation du sens à partir du statut tout à fait singulier accordé aux autonymes, aux néologismes et aux noms propres dans les recueils de la période française : les divers types de trouble sémiotique et l’invention d’un hors-lexique participent d’un mouvement de déstabilisation. La quatrième et dernière partie est consacrée au geste de reprise, qui se décline sous de multiples formes, parmi lesquelles on compte le collage et le détournement. / This work questions the different practices of Ghérasim Luca (book-objects, albums, portfolios, booklets, pamphlet-poems, poster-poems, scenic and audiovisual recitals, cubomanies, drawings) in light of the semiotic experiences they initiate. Asserting that signs are at stake means insisting on the material and highly perceptible dimension of both production and reception. From the moment that signs are perceived as bodies (audible bodies, graphic and typographic bodies) by other bodies, the question of meaning is linked to the question of medium. With the notion of emergence, we can analyse spatial phenomena, linked to theatrical ones, such as appearance and disappearance : the white page, the audiotape, the screen, the wooden panels are places where an embodied thinking can arise and expand. The notion of opacification, which is used by linguists to describe metadiscursive phenomena, can be reconsidered and redefined : we try to exceed the verbal domain and to adopt a global semiotic perspective, which includes non-verbal matters.This study is composed of four interdependent parts, which show the interpenetration of historical, semiotic, linguistic, mediologic, stylistic but also scientific and philosophical approaches. The first part explores the plastic, graphic and audio creations of Ghérasim Luca, including collaborations with several artists in Romania and France. The second part identifies what we could call a linguistic imaginary, fuelled by three different traditions (Lucretius’ atomism, alchemy, Kabbalah), which considers void as a founding principle, and writing as a layout. This imaginary, which inquires the possibility of thinking about language within the language, is playfully held at a distance by Ghérasim Luca : the point is not to adopt a theory, but to circulate freely between apparently incompatible approaches. The third part describes various phenomena of meaning disruption and focuses on the specific status given to autonyms, neologisms and proper nouns in his French period : the different kinds of semiotic troubles and the invention of a lexicon beyond the lexicon take part in the destabilisation process. The fourth part is about the activity of re-creation, which takes several forms, including collage and ‘détournement’.

[pt] O estudo se volta sobre as teorias críticas da imagem nos âmbitos filosófico e artístico, conduzindo o debate a respeito de distintas imagens para focar as representações autobiográficas audiovisuais. As narrativas do eu buscam produzir duplos, evocando o passado e promovendo a reciclagem das imagens de arquivo de família. Uma avant garde contemporânea coloca em prática a ressignificação das imagens da intimidade familiar como recurso de fazer emergir a subjetividade. A collage molda a estética dessas expressões, construindo a ponte entre cinema e design. O autodocumentário rompe com o paradigma da objetividade, revelando múltiplas identidades que, ao descortinarem singularidades, tornam-se universais. / [en] The study highlights critical theories of images in the philosophical and artistic areas, centering the question on different images in order to focus on individual autobiographic representations. The narratives of the self aim to produce Doppelgänger, evoking the past and promoting the recycling of family archives. A contemporary avant garde puts in motion the ressignification of images of family intimacy as means to make subjectivity surface. The collage shapes the aesthetics of these expressions, thus creating a bridge between film and design. Self-documentary breaks the paradigm of objectivity, and brings to light multiple identities that become universal through the unveiling of individual characteristics.