Mai 1968 en France ouvre la voie à un renouveau du cinéma d'intervention sociale et politique, qui adopte le plus souvent la forme documentaire. Deux ans plus tard, émerge le Mouvement de libération des femmes (MLF), un "nouveau féminisme" qui invite les femmes à lutter contre leur oppression spécifique et pour la libre disposition de leur corps et de leur sexualité. Cette thèse propose d'étudier les rapports qui se nouent entre cinéma, vidéo et féminisme entre 1968 et 1981 en France, sous les angles à la fois historique et esthétique, des pratiques de production/diffusion et des formes filmiques. Comment la caméra a-t-elle été investie pour accompagner et populariser les luttes féministes ? Quel a été l'impact du féminisme dans le champ cinématographique et vidéographique ? Un parcours au cœur d'un corpus filmique riche, protéiforme et méconnu doit permettre de dessiner cette histoire complexe et de montrer que, puissant instrument de contre-pouvoir et d'agitation directe, la caméra s'impose aussi aux femmes comme un moyen d'expression et de créativité privilégié dans leur quête d'identité individuelle et collective. La première partie revient sur l'irruption de la "question des femmes" à l'intérieur du cinéma militant reconfiguré après mai 1968 : l'ouverture d'un front féministe spécifique au sein d'un cinéma orienté principalement vers la lutte des classes se révèle très limitée et parfois conflictuelle. La seconde partie interroge l'apparition d'une pratique féministe autonome des femmes, qui s'orientent vers une démarche politique d'auto-représentation, dans le champ de la vidéo militante. S'emparer de la caméra répond ici à une exigence politique de prise de parole et de réappropriation de leur corps et de leur sexualité par l'image. Au-delà du noyau dur des films d'intervention, la troisième partie interroge les usages et les politiques féministes du cinéma. Elle soumet en particulier le "cinéma des femmes" à l'épreuve du féminisme, au crible de ses théories et de ses pratiques. / May 1968 in France opens the way to a renewal of a cinema of social and political intervention that most often adopts a documentary form. Two years later, the Women's Liberation Movement a "new feminism" emerges and invites women to fight against their own oppression and for a freedom of choice with matters regarding their body and their sexuality. This thesis proposes to study the relations forged between cinema, video and feminism between 1968 and 1981 in France, both historically and aesthetically, in terms of production/distribution practices and film forms. In what ways has the camera been invested with the task of accompanying and popularizing feminist struggles ? What has the impact of feminism been in the field of cinema and video ? A look at a rich, diverse and little known body of films allows us to trace this complex history and to show that, as a powerful anti¬establishment and direct action instrument, the camera imposes itself as a preferred means of expression and creativity in women's search for an individual and collective identity. The first part addresses the sudden development of the "woman question" in a militant cinema that reconfigures itself after May 1968 : the opening of a specific feminist coalition within a cinema that was mostly oriented towards class struggle reveals itself as very limited and sometimes antagonistic. The second part questions the appearance of an autonomous feminist practice by women that takes a political approach to self-representation in the field of video activism. Here, taking hold of the camera is a response to a political need to speak out and to reappropriate their body and their sexuality through the image. Beyond the hard core of militant films, the third part examines the uses and the feminist politics of cinema. In particular, it puts "women's cinema" to the test in terms of feminism in order to closely examine its theories and practices.

This research project explores two particular approaches to playwriting, autofiction and collective creation, in order to examine how the dramaturgical process can be “queered” through combining methods of creation in unconventional ways. The thematic content of the resulting theatrical text focuses on the intersection of queer/trans identities and bilingualism, specifically through a Franco-Canadian lens, as well as the notions of utopias and futurities in queer contexts. By employing these two methodologies simultaneously and blurring the lines between the individual and the collective, the texts developed through group writing sessions explore the inherent liminality of queer/trans bilingual identities, both in time and in space. To be queer, non-binary and bilingual is to embody duality, disrupt binaries, and exist in grey areas; this same liminal space is central to my exercise both in process and in content. Thus, the object of this study is queer dramaturgy itself, or in other words, the process of writing “queerly,” not just about queerness. The combination of methodologies transgresses the boundaries of the conventional dramaturgical process and aligns itself with queer Practice as Research theories, proposing approaches to playwriting that “are set against the dominant modes of representation and are shaped through forms that are on the fringe and boundaries of disciplines” (Campbell and Farrier, Queer Dramaturgies, p. 7). This project also investigates what trans and non-binary identity means within Franco-Canadian communities, and the relationship between language and gender identity. Furthermore, notions of queer temporality play an important role in the project, given the complex and often conflicting investments that both queer and Franco-Canadian communities have in history and futurity. Through an analysis of Mani Soleymanlou’s works Un. Deux. Trois. and 2042 as case studies of autofictional theatre, collective creation, and utopian performance, as well as the results from a series of writing sessions conducted with multilingual non-binary and trans participants, this research project aims to shed light on these fascinating intersections of identity and process that have thus far rarely been explored. /// Ce projet de recherche explore deux approches dramaturgiques distinctes, soit l'autofiction et la création collective, afin d'examiner comment le processus dramaturgique peut devenir « queer » en combinant des méthodes de création de manière non conventionnelle. Le contenu thématique du texte théâtral qui en résulte se concentre sur l'intersection des identités queer/trans et du bilinguisme, tout particulièrement dans une perspective franco-canadienne, ainsi que sur les notions d’utopies et de futurs possibles dans des contextes queers. En employant ces deux méthodologies simultanément et en brouillant les lignes entre l'individu et le collectif, les textes développés lors des sessions d'écriture de groupe explorent la liminalité inhérente aux identités bilingues queer/trans, à la fois dans le temps et dans l'espace. Être queer, non-binaire et bilingue, c'est incarner la dualité, remettre en question la binarité et exister dans des zones grises. C’est justement cet espace liminal qui est au cœur de mon projet de recherche, à la fois dans le processus et dans le contenu. Ainsi, l'objet de cette étude est la dramaturgie queer comme telle, ou, en d'autres mots, comment on peut créer d’une manière « queer » en plus d’écrire sur un propos queer. La combinaison des méthodologies transgresse les frontières du processus dramaturgique conventionnel et s'aligne sur les théories de la recherche-création queer (Queer Practice as Research), proposant des approches à la dramaturgie « set against the dominant modes of representation and are shaped through forms that are on the fringe and boundaries of disciplines » (Campbell et Farrier, Queer Dramaturgies, p. 7). Ce projet examine également les notions d'identité trans et non-binaire au sein des communautés franco-canadiennes, ainsi que la relation entre la langue et l'identité de genre. De plus, les notions de temporalité queer jouent un rôle important dans le projet, étant donné les investissements complexes et souvent conflictuels que les communautés queer et franco-canadiennes ont par rapport à l'histoire et à l’avenir. À travers une analyse d’œuvres mises en scène par Mani Soleymanlou (Un. Deux. Trois. et 2042) comme études de cas de théâtre autofictionnel, de création collective et de performance utopique, ainsi que les résultats d'une série de séances d'écriture menées avec des participant∙e∙s plurilingues non-binaires et trans, ce projet de recherche vise à mettre en lumière ces intersections fascinantes de l'identité et des processus créatifs qui ont jusqu'à présent été rarement explorées.

La thèse, construite sur des fonds d’archives inédits et de nombreux entretiens, porte sur les collections éditoriales d’albums pour enfants depuis les années 1960. Elle montre comment s'articulent et s’affrontent création et édition afin de proposer une réflexion sur la création éditoriale. Après un rappel des formes historiques, une cartographie des modèles de collections d’albums depuis les années 1960 est mise au jour. Loin d’être des lieux neutres, les collections font l’objet de contestations au tournant des années 1960-1970. La thèse analyse comment, dans de nouveaux contextes, les positions des différents acteurs des collections, auteurs, illustrateurs, directeurs de collection, éditeurs, se déplacent, et étudie les tensions de leurs interactions. Le dépouillement des archives de la Charte créée par les auteurs et illustrateurs, permet de mettre au jour leurs aspirations et combats. L’analyse du parcours éditorial de F. Ruy-Vidal montre les difficultés à introduire l’innovation éditoriale. La recherche sur les conditions de possibilité de la créativité éditoriale se poursuit au travers de trois modèles de fonctionnements innovants : le studio Delpire (ou : comment l’œil éditorial se forme-t-il et quelles sont les fonctions de l’équipe éditoriale ?) ; les collections du Rouergue dirigées par O. Douzou (quels sont les apports pour la créativité éditoriale d’un directeur de collection également auteur et illustrateur ?) ; et les éditions contemporaines Magnani (ou : peut-on sortir de la séparation collections pour enfants/collections pour adultes ?). En conclusion, une synthèse cherche à construire des outils d’analyse théorique de la créativité éditoriale. / This thesis deals with French children’s picture book series since the 1960s. It highlights the difficulties to bridge creation and edition while providing an analysis of editorial creativity. After mentionning historical models of children’s series, we describe the evolution of series models (chapter 1 and 2). We show that this evolution was not without challenges. In the 60s and 70s, some authors and illustrators were craving for more legitimacy (chapter 3). At the same period, Ruy Vidal’s editorial career as publisher and editor allows us to discover the difficulties to introduce editorial innovations (chapter 4). It is then necessary to study the editorial conditions for creativity (chapter 5, 6, 7) through the examples of « Studio Delpire » (we wonder about his editorial « eye » and about the creative function of the editorial team), O. Douzou (Rouergue) (the question here is : what does an author-illustrator-editor provide ?), J. Magnani, a contemporary publisher (who tries to go beyond the frontier between children’s and adult’s books). All in all, these elements will help us discover ways to think of and analyze editorial creativity. The thesis is based on unexplored archives and numerous interviews with actors of the children’s picture books field.

Working alongside five queer-identified theatre artists, using critical arts-based participatory action research, this research project worked through a creative process in which the research team identified, deconstructed, and disrupted normative queer discourses on the video-sharing website YouTube. Using notions from queer theory, cultural studies, and anti-oppression education, along with embodied analysis as a deconstructive strategy, the research team used collective theorizing and performance to facilitate an analysis of the online videos. In this thesis, I discuss embodied knowing by analyzing performative moments in the creative workshop undertaken by the research team. I then provide a thematic analysis of the online videos, followed by an analysis of how the research team used collective creation and personal narrative to produce a counter-hegemonic response video. Finally, I conclude with a discussion on how to engage video creation as a form of anti-oppression education that queers public pedagogy.

Working alongside five queer-identified theatre artists, using critical arts-based participatory action research, this research project worked through a creative process in which the research team identified, deconstructed, and disrupted normative queer discourses on the video-sharing website YouTube. Using notions from queer theory, cultural studies, and anti-oppression education, along with embodied analysis as a deconstructive strategy, the research team used collective theorizing and performance to facilitate an analysis of the online videos. In this thesis, I discuss embodied knowing by analyzing performative moments in the creative workshop undertaken by the research team. I then provide a thematic analysis of the online videos, followed by an analysis of how the research team used collective creation and personal narrative to produce a counter-hegemonic response video. Finally, I conclude with a discussion on how to engage video creation as a form of anti-oppression education that queers public pedagogy.

L’objet de cette étude est d’interroger la place de l’improvisation dans la création théâtrale tunisienne, depuis ses origines – où elle apparaît dans des formes parathéâtrales, (el-Fdawi le conteur solo, Jha le blaguer sage, le théâtre d’ombre, etc.), jusqu’à nos jours. L’accent est mis sur les rapports organiques entre improvisation et dramaturgie, dans la formation et la création théâtrales en Tunisie, durant les dernières décennies. La notion d’"improturgie", qui traverse toute la thèse, rend compte d’une poïétique propre à de nombreux créateurs – tels Ezzeddine GANNOUN et Fadhel JAÏBI – qui consiste à construire une œuvre à partir du travail de plateau, à la recherche d’une écriture dramatique qui témoigne du contexte historique, culturel, social, idéologique et politique dans lequel elle s’inscrit. En l’absence d’un répertoire dramatique, l’"improturgie" apparaît ainsi non seulement comme un moteur d’activation dramaturgique sur la voie d’un théâtre militant – luttant contre l’impérialisme d’État et contre toute forme d’intégrisme – mais aussi comme un laboratoire de recherche pour des formes théâtrales encore inédites dans le monde arabo-musulman. / The subject of this study is to investigate the place of improvisation in the Tunisian theatrical creation since its inception, as it appears in many paratheatrical forms (such as el-fedawi, the solo storyteller, Jha, the wise joker, underground theatre, etc.), until nowadays. The focus is laid on the organic relationship between improvisation and dramatic art in Tunisian theatrical formation and creation throughout the last decades. The concept of "improturgie", which spans the whole dissertation, accounts for a poietic which is specific to particular playwrights such as Ezzeddine GANNOUN and Fadhel JAÏBI, and consists of making a play by drawing on the work on stage in the search for a playwrighting which reflects the historical, cultural, social, ideological and political context of the play. In the absence of a dramatic directory, "improturgie" appears not only as a catalyst towards a militant drama – fighting against state imperialism and all forms of fundamentalism – but also as a research laboratory for more novel theatrical forms in the Arab and Muslim worlds.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse réinterrogent le concept de composition. Longtemps considérée comme résultant de l'action de deux intervenants, le compositeur et l'interprète, cette approche s'apparentait à une relecture par l'exécutant de la production du compositeur afin d'en retrouver la « vérité ». Il nous a paru évident que cette vision du processus compositionnel semblait dépassée. En effet le travail de production d'un projet dépasse largement le cadre des deux acteurs que sont l'interprète et le compositeur, et embrasse un large champ d'intervenants aux compétences multiples, du producteur à l'arrangeur, en passant par l'ingénieur du son, l'éclairagiste ou encore au chorégraphe. Après avoir fait un point sur l'ensemble des acteurs participant à la réalisation du projet artistique, notre travail s'est porté sur l'étude de ce concept au travers du prisme de différentes disciplines rattachées à la musicologie. Dans un premier temps nous avons cherché à appréhender la création au travers de son inscription dans sa société d'origine. A cet égard, l'application de l'Anthropologie Musicale Historique trouve une application tout à fait pertinente. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux dynamiques relationnelles et au phénomène de communication et de réception au sein du complexe auctorial. Quels en sont les caractéristiques ? Afin d'approfondir cette relation entre les intervenants du complexe auctorial nous avons interrogé ce concept par le biais de la philosophie herméneutique, nous menant à questionner les notions de vérité d'œuvre, de performance et de création collective dans le champ des musiques actuelles. / The research in this dissertation tries to renew composition's definition. Considered for many years as the result of the composer and performer's encounter, this approach shows musical's performance as a search of composer's truth. In view of our investigation around pop music practices, it seems obvious that this vision of the compositional process is outdated. Indeed, production mechanism overtakes this two-individual model (i.e. composer and performer) and embrace a wide range of contributors of various skills, such as producer, arranger, sound engineer, light engineer or choreographer. From this observation rises our research about musical creation, of what we call the auctorial complex. After listing the different actors who support the creation's process, our work focus on the study of this phenomenon throughout numerous research fields related to musicology.First we have tried to apprehend creation through its rooting in its original society. Therefore, the Historical Musical Anthropological appeared to be totally relevant. Secondly, we have looked upon the relational dynamics and the communication and reception phenomenon in the auctorial complex. What are its characteristics? Which psychological mechanism are involved during the production's phase? We have answered this inquiring by confronting it to hermeneutical philosophy, questioning consequently different notions such as artistic truth (artistic work truth, performance and collective creation) in popular music research's field.

A partir da compressão mais ferrenha da ditadura de 1964 no Brasil, e de um diálogo mais direto com as vanguardas que ocorrem no mundo, após 1968 abrem-se novas perspectivas de criação nas artes e, especificamente, no teatro, resultando numa revolução de comportamento e cultural que, apesar de nascer em pleno \"sufoco\", paradoxalmente apresenta uma riqueza de novas propostas. Tais propostas formarão o triângulo da contracultura (tropicalismo - movimento marginal - cultura alternativa) que marcará espaço na década de 1970 pela diferença. Na conquista do direito de confrontar-se com o estabelecido, em contraponto ao establishment, ao milagre brasileiro e a uma recepção crítica perplexa que, apesar de reconhecer certo mérito nestas manifestações, prioriza diagnosticar irracionalismo e alienação, o novo teatro inaugura muitos dos princípios, técnicas e procedimentos cênicos que abrirão espaço, a duras penas, para a liberdade definitiva da possibilidade de experimentar. A pesquisa que proponho tem como finalidade identificar: o que se entende por teatro experimental em seu nascedouro, no Brasil; como surgiu e operou dentro da arte e da cultura e se podem ser identificados momentos diversos com características próprias. Para uma melhor visualização dessas questões e como amostras de vertentes distintas dentro do teatro experimental no recorte estabelecido aqui, analiso, - de forma mais aprofundada -, os espetáculos Rito do Amor Selvagem, de José Agrippino de Paula e Maria Esther Stockler com o Grupo Sonda, 1969; Gracias, Señor, primeira criação coletiva do Teatro Oficina, 1972; e Trate-me Leão , do Asdrúbal Trouxe o Trombone, 1978. Por meio destes resgates podemos avaliar qual os legados imediatos e os menos visíveis que esses trabalhos e tendências deixaram para as próximas gerações, inclusive a nós que aqui estamos em pleno segundo milênio. / From the more inclement pressing of 1964-Brazilian dictatorship, and the more direct dialogue with the vanguards that emerged in the world, after 1968, new perspectives of creation opened in the arts and specifically in the theater fields, resulting in a behavioral and cultural revolution that, although born under \"asphyxia\", paradoxically presented a wealth of new proposals, which constituted the triangle of the Counterculture (Tropicalism - Marginal Movement -Alternative Culture) that would impress the 1970s with the difference mark. To conquer the right to fight what was already established, as a counterpoint to the establishment, to the Brazilian Miracle and to a mesmerized critical reception - that although recognizing some merit in these demonstrations, prioritizes diagnosing alienation and slavery - the New Theater inaugurates many of the scenic principles, techniques, and procedures that would arduously open space to the utmost freedom in the experimenting possibilities. The aim of this study is to identify what is meant by experimental theatre in its emerging state in Brazil; how did it come forth and operate within art and culture; and if diverse moments with specific characteristics can be identified. To better view these issues and view them as different strands samples within the experimental theatre scope defined hereby, I will analyze in greater detail and depth the plays Rito do Amor Selvagem, by José Agrippino de Paula and Maria Esther Stockler, with the Group Sonda, 1969; Gracias, Señor, the first collective creation by Teatro Oficina, 1972; and Trate-me Leão, by Asdrúbal Trouxe o Trombone Group, 1978. By means of these recovering procedure, we are able to assess what is both the immediate and the less visible legacy these plays and trends left to following generations, including us, here, in the second millennium.

A partir da compressão mais ferrenha da ditadura de 1964 no Brasil, e de um diálogo mais direto com as vanguardas que ocorrem no mundo, após 1968 abrem-se novas perspectivas de criação nas artes e, especificamente, no teatro, resultando numa revolução de comportamento e cultural que, apesar de nascer em pleno \"sufoco\", paradoxalmente apresenta uma riqueza de novas propostas. Tais propostas formarão o triângulo da contracultura (tropicalismo - movimento marginal - cultura alternativa) que marcará espaço na década de 1970 pela diferença. Na conquista do direito de confrontar-se com o estabelecido, em contraponto ao establishment, ao milagre brasileiro e a uma recepção crítica perplexa que, apesar de reconhecer certo mérito nestas manifestações, prioriza diagnosticar irracionalismo e alienação, o novo teatro inaugura muitos dos princípios, técnicas e procedimentos cênicos que abrirão espaço, a duras penas, para a liberdade definitiva da possibilidade de experimentar. A pesquisa que proponho tem como finalidade identificar: o que se entende por teatro experimental em seu nascedouro, no Brasil; como surgiu e operou dentro da arte e da cultura e se podem ser identificados momentos diversos com características próprias. Para uma melhor visualização dessas questões e como amostras de vertentes distintas dentro do teatro experimental no recorte estabelecido aqui, analiso, - de forma mais aprofundada -, os espetáculos Rito do Amor Selvagem, de José Agrippino de Paula e Maria Esther Stockler com o Grupo Sonda, 1969; Gracias, Señor, primeira criação coletiva do Teatro Oficina, 1972; e Trate-me Leão , do Asdrúbal Trouxe o Trombone, 1978. Por meio destes resgates podemos avaliar qual os legados imediatos e os menos visíveis que esses trabalhos e tendências deixaram para as próximas gerações, inclusive a nós que aqui estamos em pleno segundo milênio. / From the more inclement pressing of 1964-Brazilian dictatorship, and the more direct dialogue with the vanguards that emerged in the world, after 1968, new perspectives of creation opened in the arts and specifically in the theater fields, resulting in a behavioral and cultural revolution that, although born under \"asphyxia\", paradoxically presented a wealth of new proposals, which constituted the triangle of the Counterculture (Tropicalism - Marginal Movement -Alternative Culture) that would impress the 1970s with the difference mark. To conquer the right to fight what was already established, as a counterpoint to the establishment, to the Brazilian Miracle and to a mesmerized critical reception - that although recognizing some merit in these demonstrations, prioritizes diagnosing alienation and slavery - the New Theater inaugurates many of the scenic principles, techniques, and procedures that would arduously open space to the utmost freedom in the experimenting possibilities. The aim of this study is to identify what is meant by experimental theatre in its emerging state in Brazil; how did it come forth and operate within art and culture; and if diverse moments with specific characteristics can be identified. To better view these issues and view them as different strands samples within the experimental theatre scope defined hereby, I will analyze in greater detail and depth the plays Rito do Amor Selvagem, by José Agrippino de Paula and Maria Esther Stockler, with the Group Sonda, 1969; Gracias, Señor, the first collective creation by Teatro Oficina, 1972; and Trate-me Leão, by Asdrúbal Trouxe o Trombone Group, 1978. By means of these recovering procedure, we are able to assess what is both the immediate and the less visible legacy these plays and trends left to following generations, including us, here, in the second millennium.