<p>Our starting point has been to use the football player Zlatan Ibrahimovic as a model person for individualism that seams to break the ordinary socialization pattern in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to examine how the team leaders handle the socialization of more individualistic focused individuals/young persons into groups, since the Swedish School Curriculum is designed to meet each individual on his or hers former experiences. Is the socialization of individuals within team sports affected by their cultural background? And, in that case, should those facts have consequences for the sport subject at school? Those are the questions we want to explore. Besides a survey of documents, we have been seeking answers to our questions through interviews with the team leaders Roland Nilsson and Peter Bergander, the pedagogues/teachers Karin Jutterström and Håkan Jensgård and the professional football player Abgar Barson.</p><p>Our study shows that the leaders and teachers of today have begun to change their view about individualists. Further, our study shows that young persons with other ethnic origin/foreign background that choose their own ways can be disqualified by a national view that is different from the perception of the ethnic Swedish, when they break the unwritten and unspoken rules and standards.</p><p>Our conclusion is that a change seems to be happening in the mentality of the mainstream Swedish society. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has become an object of identification for many young people in Sweden during the last years. It´s our point of view that the concept of “being a Zlatan” stands for a person that dares to be an extreme individualist. We believe that we stand upon a change of paradigm on the notion of individualism in Sweden since the collective thinking in Swedish society seems to be developing towards a higher acceptance for an individualistic behaviour. This is, as we see it, a development within team sports as well as a development in the rest of Swedish society, for instance, within the educational system. </p>

<p>This research paper was aimed at analysing the influence of culture and communication practices in team functioning.  The scope of the study was limited to the project teams in the financial sector in Japan and the Philippines. The study was a qualitative research through the application of case studies whilst the primary data were gathered from semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study revealed that the project teams were collectivist with a noticeable degree of power distance, bestowment of status through ascription and the strong need for harmony in the project team environment. The communication practices were also affected by the hierarchical, relational, societal and regulatory dictates and expectations. However, there were some differences noted in Japanese and Philippine project teams as the latter exhibited more flexibility towards hierarchical relationship where position was not seen as hindrance in developing convivial and professional relationships. In so doing, culture and communication practices influenced team functioning in the aforementioned research context. Finally, the results of the study will allow project members, leaders and other key stakeholders in understanding the influence of culture and communication practices to team functioning in a more in-depth manner. This will lead to better policies and practices in helping them realise their goals and objectives.</p>

After Sweden became a member of the European Union, EU, the debate regarding the Swedish participation in the EU’s currency co-operation, the European Monetary Union, EMU, has been intense. One of the biggest issues has been how our national economic politics will work within such a monetary union. What instrument will remain for the national economic politics within the EMU are highly uncertain. The question whether we will be able to affect our own economy or not has long been the essence in the Swedish debate. At the same time that Sweden got membership in the EU, Austria became a member as well. Austria is just like Sweden a small open economy with many similarities to Sweden with regard to politics and economics. One big difference between the countries though, is that Austria at once became a member of the currency co-operation and joined the EMU from the start of it. The debates regarding the EMU has been very much alike in the two countries, though it differs in one important question. One big question that has been raised in Austria is the potential of a wider co-operation within the EMU than at present. This discussion has led to suggestions of a wider co-operation through discussions between the EMU-countries, larger possibilities for sanctions against countries which are not following the common economic plan or even suggestions about a politic union. There is very much a discussion in the spirit of collectivism. In Sweden non of this is even an issue. Here the whole debate is focused on the national possibilities and losses in a monetary union. How the country will be able to optimise its own good within the EMU is the only thing of interest in the Swedish debate. The point of view is always the national good and has never the collectivism in mind.

Our starting point has been to use the football player Zlatan Ibrahimovic as a model person for individualism that seams to break the ordinary socialization pattern in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to examine how the team leaders handle the socialization of more individualistic focused individuals/young persons into groups, since the Swedish School Curriculum is designed to meet each individual on his or hers former experiences. Is the socialization of individuals within team sports affected by their cultural background? And, in that case, should those facts have consequences for the sport subject at school? Those are the questions we want to explore. Besides a survey of documents, we have been seeking answers to our questions through interviews with the team leaders Roland Nilsson and Peter Bergander, the pedagogues/teachers Karin Jutterström and Håkan Jensgård and the professional football player Abgar Barson. Our study shows that the leaders and teachers of today have begun to change their view about individualists. Further, our study shows that young persons with other ethnic origin/foreign background that choose their own ways can be disqualified by a national view that is different from the perception of the ethnic Swedish, when they break the unwritten and unspoken rules and standards. Our conclusion is that a change seems to be happening in the mentality of the mainstream Swedish society. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has become an object of identification for many young people in Sweden during the last years. It´s our point of view that the concept of “being a Zlatan” stands for a person that dares to be an extreme individualist. We believe that we stand upon a change of paradigm on the notion of individualism in Sweden since the collective thinking in Swedish society seems to be developing towards a higher acceptance for an individualistic behaviour. This is, as we see it, a development within team sports as well as a development in the rest of Swedish society, for instance, within the educational system.

This research paper was aimed at analysing the influence of culture and communication practices in team functioning.  The scope of the study was limited to the project teams in the financial sector in Japan and the Philippines. The study was a qualitative research through the application of case studies whilst the primary data were gathered from semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study revealed that the project teams were collectivist with a noticeable degree of power distance, bestowment of status through ascription and the strong need for harmony in the project team environment. The communication practices were also affected by the hierarchical, relational, societal and regulatory dictates and expectations. However, there were some differences noted in Japanese and Philippine project teams as the latter exhibited more flexibility towards hierarchical relationship where position was not seen as hindrance in developing convivial and professional relationships. In so doing, culture and communication practices influenced team functioning in the aforementioned research context. Finally, the results of the study will allow project members, leaders and other key stakeholders in understanding the influence of culture and communication practices to team functioning in a more in-depth manner. This will lead to better policies and practices in helping them realise their goals and objectives.

The present study investigated the construct of characterising societies as being either individualistic or collectivist as topics of research in the field of cross cultural tolerance. Using scenarios to describe behaviours typically encountered in New Zealand society, participants from individualist and collectivist cultures were asked to rate behaviours as to how much they understood and accepted the actions described. The participants’ responses were also analysed using attitude measures to seek if similarity in attitudes was a more informative approach to determine why one individual does or does not accept certain behaviours. The study found that although there were general cultural differences between the two groups, individual attitudes went further in explaining possible reasons why acceptance and tolerance of other's behaviours may occur. The findings were then discussed in terms of how they were relevant to both biculturalism and multiculturalism in New Zealand.

This study examined university academics?? valence for teaching and research, and the relationships between the valence and self-efficacy for teaching and research, with an Australian and a Chinese sample. In addition, the study also investigated modelling of research activity and Chinese university academics?? attributions, experience of western research activities, and ingroup and outgroup relationships between models and observers. Design and conduct of the research was guided by a theoretical framework. Several hypotheses were generated and tested, and research questions were answered. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were used in this study. The quantitative analysis comprised exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, and content analysis was used for free responses in the surveys and the interview data from the sample of Chinese academics. Within the context of the research, the results suggested that valence for academic work may be related to university academics?? cultural orientation and their self-efficacy for academic work. The study also suggested that observing modelling by others may have been related to the Chinese university academics?? self-efficacy for research. Effects of modelling and the Chinese academics?? attributions for models?? success in research appeared to be moderated by ingroup and outgroup relationships between the models and observers. Moreover, overseas experience was found to be the most important external attribution for Chinese models?? success in research.

This study examined university academics?? valence for teaching and research, and the relationships between the valence and self-efficacy for teaching and research, with an Australian and a Chinese sample. In addition, the study also investigated modelling of research activity and Chinese university academics?? attributions, experience of western research activities, and ingroup and outgroup relationships between models and observers. Design and conduct of the research was guided by a theoretical framework. Several hypotheses were generated and tested, and research questions were answered. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were used in this study. The quantitative analysis comprised exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, and content analysis was used for free responses in the surveys and the interview data from the sample of Chinese academics. Within the context of the research, the results suggested that valence for academic work may be related to university academics?? cultural orientation and their self-efficacy for academic work. The study also suggested that observing modelling by others may have been related to the Chinese university academics?? self-efficacy for research. Effects of modelling and the Chinese academics?? attributions for models?? success in research appeared to be moderated by ingroup and outgroup relationships between the models and observers. Moreover, overseas experience was found to be the most important external attribution for Chinese models?? success in research.

Esta pesquisa pretende unir forças a outros trabalhos que, sob diferentes abordagens teóricas e empíricas, investigam formas alternativas de organização social e de produção, tomando como objeto os coletivos de trabalhadores-artistas no Brasil e em Portugal, com destaque para os coletivos teatrais. A noção de trabalhador-artista refere-se àqueles que têm consciência da sua condição de trabalhador e atuam estética e politicamente a partir dessa condição. Para compreender os sentidos desse coletivismo, utilizou-se uma estratégia metodológica que integrou a análise de fontes históricas, estatísticas e documentais, realização de um inquérito por questionário, entrevistas, observação participante e o aprofundamento de dois estudos empíricos. O coletivismo é analisado sob a dupla perspectiva das formas de organização coletiva da produção e das dinâmicas de ação coletiva, o que por sua vez se articula com o contexto geral das relações de trabalho e produção no neoliberalismo. A problematização de nossa abordagem situa-se entre o processo de precarização do trabalho, as estratégias de auto-organização e a transformação social emancipatória. / This research intends to join forces with other works that, from different theoretical and empirical approaches, investigate alternative forms of social and production organization, taking as object the collectives of artist-workers in Brazil and Portugal, notably the theater collectives. The notion of artist-worker relates to those who are self-conscious of their condition as workers and act politically and aesthetically from that condition. In order to understand the meanings of this collectivism, the methodological strategy integrated the analysis of historical, statistical and documentary sources, conducting a survey, interviews, participant observation and the deepening of two empirical studies. Collectivism is envisaged under the double perspective of the forms of collective organization of production and the dynamics of collective action, which in turn relates to the general context of work and production relations within neoliberalism. Our issue lies between the process of work precariousness, self-organizing strategies and emancipatory social transformation.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-28T12:58:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Carla Patrícia Pereira Gonçalves Fernandes_Dissertação_050820162301.pdf: 1508954 bytes, checksum: 9136bb28456e805922c2017ddd6b54f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T12:58:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Carla Patrícia Pereira Gonçalves Fernandes_Dissertação_050820162301.pdf: 1508954 bytes, checksum: 9136bb28456e805922c2017ddd6b54f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Percebeu-se através da literatura a necessidade e carência de estudos sobre anarquia e gerenciamento de projetos. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo investigar como os conceitos da anarquia - apoio mútuo, coletivismo e autogestão - relacionam-se com os processos de gerenciamento de projetos, baseados no Guia Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), presentes no dia-a-dia dos profissionais da área de projetos. Portanto, foi conduzida uma revisão bibliográfica e um survey para atingir esse objetivo. A pesquisa inquiriu profissionais atuantes na área de gestão de projetos, em organizações de software e serviços de tecnologia da informação. Para tanto, o estudo foi desenvolvido de forma exploratória, dado que existia pouco conhecimento acumulado e sistematizado a respeito deste tema. A análise dos dados recolhidos na pesquisa conclui que tanto a pesquisa bibliográfica quanto o survey confirmam que há uma relação positiva significativa entre a anarquia e os processos de gerenciamento de projetos estudados. Almeja-se que o presente estudo possa servir de elemento prospectivo para outras pesquisas na área de gerenciamento de projetos, fomentando a realização de trabalhos e publicações científicas. Por fim, o trabalho propõe contribuir com a academia, gerando nova literatura com informações relacionadas ao tema. / It was realized through literature the need and the lack of studies on anarchy and project management. This master thesis aims to investigate how the concepts of anarchy - mutual support, collectivism and self-management - are related to the project management processes, based on Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), present in the day-to-day professional project. Thus, we conducted a literature review and a survey to achieve this goal. The survey asked professionals working in project management area, in software organizations and information technology services. Therefore, the study was developed in an exploratory way, since there was little accumulated and systematized knowledge about this topic. The analysis of the data collected in the survey concludes that both the literature and the survey confirm that there is a significant relationship between anarchy and the studied processes for project management. One hopes that this study can serve as a prospective element to further research in the project management area, fostering the realization of scientific works and publications. Finally, the work proposes to contribute to the area, creating new literature with information related to the topic.