Sambandet mellan kultur och personlighet har studerats i stor utsträckning och tidigare forskning har visat på en koppling mellan kulturdimensionen individualism-kollektivism och personlighetsdimensionen idiocentrism-allocentrism. Den föreliggande studien undersöker förhållandet mellan individualism-kollektivism och idiocentrism-allocentrism bland internationella studenter i Sverige. 215 internationella studenter (M = 23 år, åldersintervall 19-44, 120 kvinnor, 94 män, 1 annat) gavs definitioner av individualistiska och kollektivistiska kulturer och ombads att bedöma sin ursprungskultur. De uppmanades sedan att uppskatta sig själva utifrån 22 frågor avsedda att mäta idiocentrism-allocentrism. Slutligen uppmanades de att ange sitt huvudskäl till att studera utomlands genom att välja ett av sju alternativ i en flervalsfråga. Data analyserades med one-way ANOVA's och oberoende t-tester. Resultaten visade på ett samband mellan kulturell bakgrund och idiocentrism-allocentrism i den förväntade riktningen. Vidare demonstrerade resultaten inte en koppling mellan geografisk bakgrund och idiocentrism-allocentrism. Slutligen visade resultaten varken en koppling mellan huvudorsaken till utlandsstudier och idiocentrism-allocentrism, eller mellan huvudorsaken till utlandsstudier och kulturell bakgrund. Av dessa resultat drogs slutsatsen att när det gäller individualism-kollektivism och idiocentrism-allocentrism så påverkar kultur personlighet. Resultaten tyder vidare på att det kanske inte är lämpligt att likställa geografiska enheter som nationer med kultur, då subkulturell mångfald kan påträffas inom dessa enheter. Slutligen tyder resultaten på att internationella studenter skiljer sig åt för gällande skäl till utlandsstudier oavsett personlighet och kulturell bakgrund, även om vidare forskning krävs gällande internationella studenters motivation. / The association between culture and personality has been widely studied and previous research has shown an association between the culture dimension of individualism-collectivism and the personality dimension of idiocentrism-allocentrism. The present study investigates the relationship between individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism among international students in Sweden. 215 international students (M = 23 years, age range 19-44, 120 women, 94 men, 1 other) were given definitions of individualist and collectivist cultures and asked to assess their culture of origin. They were then asked to rate themselves on 22 items intended to measure idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, they were asked to state their main reason for studying abroad by choosing one of seven options given in a multiple-choice item. One-way ANOVA's and independent t-tests were carried out for data analysis. The results showed an association between cultural background and idiocentrism-allocentrism in the expected direction. Further, the results did not demonstrate an association between geographical background and idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, the results did not demonstrate an association between main reason for studying abroad and idiocentrism-allocentrism, nor between main reason for studying abroad and cultural background. It was concluded that in the case of individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism, culture does influence personality. Further, the results suggest that it may not be appropriate to equate geographical entities such as nations with culture as cultural diversity may be found within such entities. Finally, the results indicate that international students differ in their reasons for studying abroad regardless of personality and cultural background, although further research regarding the motivation of international students is needed.

Although the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R) is the dominant theoretical framework used to understand the relationship between workplace factors and employee well-being, the cross-cultural generalizability of this model has seldom been directly tested. Therefore, this study examined whether and to what extent relationships between: 1) job demands (i.e., organizational constraints) and strain (i.e., job satisfaction, and turnover intentions) and 2) job resources (i.e., job control, participation in decision-making, direct supervisor support, senior leader support, and clear goals and performance feedback) and strain were moderated by cultural dimensions (i.e., individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance). Survey data from workers in 28 countries were used to examine these questions. Results revealed that culture-level individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance independently and significantly moderated some job demands-strain and job resources-strain outcomes relationships. Specifically, job control and senior leaders support was consistently and more strongly, negatively related to strain in more individualistic cultures, and participation in decision-making was more strongly, negatively related to strain in more collectivistic cultures when using cultural scores from both Hofstede and GLOBE taxonomies. In contrast, although I also uncovered some significant moderating effects of culture-level uncertainty avoidance on job demands-strain and job resources-strain relationships, the results from these analyses were often in the opposite pattern when GLOBE versus Hofstede cultural scores were used. Overall, the present study sheds light on the generalizability versus specificity of the JD-R model across cultural contexts.

Abstract Title: The impact of national culture on the organizational culture: Multinational companies doing businesses in developing countries Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration (MBA) Author: Md. Mahbub Alam Supervisor: Dr. Ehsanul Huda Chowdhury Examiner: Dr. Maria Fregidou-Malama Day: 2017- May Aim: The aim of the study is to understand how national culture of Bangladesh is affecting the organizational culture of the multinational firms operating in Bangladesh. To understand the issue, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions are regarded as benchmark for analysis. Method: Qualitative study has been conducted whereby both primary and secondary data are used. Hereby, primary data have been gathered from ten employees of Grameen Phone a multinational working in Bangladesh. To collect data, face to face interviews has been conducted using Skype. Results & Conclusions:  Finding of the study is the MNCs integration with national culture with the view to sustainable business operation. It has been demonstrated that national culture affects the organizational culture in the form of employee participation, collective working environment, collaborative work efforts, and knowledge sharing through continuous communication. Suggestions for future research: Further investigations on national culture’s impact on organizational culture can be undertaken by making a comparison between MNC and a purely local firm. Additionally, an analysis on a large number of MNCs operating in host country can add value for further researches. Contribution of the thesis: To the theoretical model, this study makes contribution on the ground of understanding how MNC adapt their business with local culture where cultural sensitiveness is high. Managerial implications: MNCs can ensure collaboration, support, and teamwork among employees as part of their attempt to integrate with local culture. This study reveals that local employees can be used as means of cultural carriers by managers which can promptly address the cultural differences to be mitigated. Keywords: Multi-national Corporations (MNCs), National Culture, Organizational Culture, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Power Distance

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica} Detta examensarbete lyfter problematiken kring företagens synlighet på sociala medier och för diskussion och analys för hur detta kan lösas. Genom att företagen arbetar för att erhålla högre electronic word of mouth (eWOM) kvantiteter på sociala medier vilket ökar företagets synlighet, genom att de tar hänsyn till teorier som förklarar och påverkar människor skapande av word of mouth. Electronic word of mouth är kommentarer, gillamarkeringar, delningar och recensioner som företaget erhåller till sina sociala medier från dess konsumenter. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur företag kan generera mer eWOM och hur deras arbetssätt är kopplat till motiven bakom eWOM, sociala bevis och interpersonal communication samt undersöka eventuella samband som existerar i praktiken mellan teorierna då företag arbetar för att erhålla högre eWOM kvantitet. För att uppnå syftet med studien har följande frågeställning formulerats: Hur kan företag generera högre eWOM kvantitet? Studiens metod har varit av kvalitativ med en deduktiv ansats, kombinerat med en fallstudie på Svenska Fotbollsförbundet, Apollo och Bizkit Havas. I empirikapitlet framställs intervjupersonernas svar, som även jämförs mellan varandra. Sedan följer analysen där empirin tolkas utifrån teorin och olika samband framställs. Studiens slutsats påvisar vad fallföretagen gör idag för att erhålla högre eWOM kvantitet kopplat till varje teoriområde, slutsatsen påvisar hur teorin skiljer sig från verkligheten där det visat sig att vissa teoriområden är svårare för företagen att applicera i verkligheten för att erhålla högre eWOM kvantitet. Till sist framställs även de olika sambanden som studien har upptäckt mellan de olika teorierna och varför dessa samband är viktiga att ta hänsyn till då företag vill erhålla en högre eWOM kvantitet. / p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica} This study is highlighting the fact that companies have a hard time gaining visibility on social media today. Therefore it is very important for companies to gain higher quantities of electronic word on mouth (eWOM) on social media to gain visability. Electronic word on mouth is all the likes, shares, reviews and comments that companies get to their social media from their customers. They do that by understanding the theories that explains and affects humans creation of word of mouth on social media and then implement this in their marketing strategies. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how companies can generate more eWOM and how their marketing strategies are linked to the motives behind eWOM, interpersonal communication and social proof as well as investigate any relationships that exist in practice between theese theories when companies work to obtain higher eWOM quantity. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the following question has been made: How can companies generate higher eWOM quantity? The methodology was qualitative and had a deductive approach combined with a case study on the Swedish Football Association, Apollo and Bizkit Havas. The empirical chapter presents the answers of the interviewees, which also were compared to each other. Then the analysis follows where the collected data is interpreted based on the theory and different relationships are get presented. The study's conclusion shows what the companies from the case study do today to get higher eWOM quantity associated with each theory area. The conclusion shows how the theory differs from reality where it was found that some theory areas are more difficult for companies to apply in reality to obtain higher eWOM quantity. Finally, the different relationships that the study has discovered between the different theories are also drawn up and why these relationships are important to consider when companies want a higher eWOM quantity is explained.

The significance of relationships on economic actions and employee behaviour makes it critical for employers to understand the dynamics of employment through mutual obligations (Rousseau, 1990; Guest, 2004b). The psychological contract affords a broad platform to study the employment relationship (Thomas et al., 2010), and is an important tool for organisational success (McDermott et al., 2013). The literature review contained in this study indicates the differences in contracting environments due to the prevailing cultural orientation. However, there is a dearth of research in collectivistic culture, to which this study will add. The literature also makes a distinction between perceptions of breach and violation. While perceptions of breach of the psychological contract is the perception that the employer has not met all obligations and promises, violation is the emotional and affective state following breach (Morrison & Robinson, 1997) and results in negative or deviant behaviours (Chiu & Peng, 2008). Both breach and violation perceptions negatively affect employee behaviours and attitudes in the workplace (Aggarwal & Bhargava, 2014). This research assumed a constructivist paradigm and builds understanding of the outcomes of breach and violation of the psychological contract on employees’ working life in a collectivistic environment. Primary data collection was by in-depth semi-structured, one on one interviews with five employees of a state-subsidised organisation in East London, making use of convenience sampling. Follow up interviews were conducted, resulting in 7ₑ/₄ hours of interviewing time. Cultural orientation was ascertained through the use of a questionnaire. The findings of this study confirmed that the type of psychological contract entered into influences the outcomes of perceptions of breach and violation. Both dimensions of collectivism, namely institutional and in-group, were practised in this environment, which also impacted on both the individual’s experience and outcomes for the organisation. The latter was influenced by commitment to organisational goals and supervisory or collegial relationships. Most notable of the results is the effect of expectations of transitional justice on experience of the psychological contract. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are made. This research is presented in three sections; firstly the research is presented in the format of an academic paper and includes a concise summary of literature and research method. The second section is an expanded literature review of the psychological contract and its influencing factors, as well as the outcomes of breach and violation. The last section describes and justifies in detail the design of the research and the research procedure followed. / Alternate name: Van der Merwe, Somine

The aim of this study was to discover whether a value-based typology could be established that was applicable to all South African adults. It was predicated on the basis of a literature review and previous research findings that there were two major underlying dimensions of values: collectivism versus individualism and inner- versus outer-directed. The parameters of these dimensions were hypothesised within the framework of a common social structure, based on a number of related propositions. It was also hypothesised that the South African adult population consisted of five types. Five value measures were examined and found to have disadvantages for South Africa. A value measurement technique had been developed in South Africa for an on-going study titled Sociomonitor. The core of this study was the measurement of values of relevance to marketing and media. Over the period 1976 to 1993 separate value based typologies were identified for urban Blacks and Whites. In 1995 both races were covered in the same year and a common typology was found. In 1997/8 Sociomonitor was extended to the total adult population of South Africa. Respondents were sub-divided into Collectivism, Individualism, Inner- and Outer-directed groups. The characteristics of which were found to be substantially as had been expected. South African adults were categorised into five value types. Three of which were as had been hypothesised, two were in place of one of the five anticipated and one wasn't found. It is concluded that the values of adults from all ethnic groups fall within the parameters of collectivism versus individualism and inner- versus outer-directed. Furthermore, there are five different value types in the South African adult population that transcend ethnic boundaries. The implications of a multi-ethnic typology for marketing, social and political decision-making, research and the formulation of scenarios are outlined. It is recommended that this type of research be extended to other African countries and small communities. / Dissertation (PHD)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Psychology / unrestricted

Aziza's Friendship Compendium, 1st Edition is my illustrated textbook that is part-compendium, part-manifesto. It provides a social, cultural and political analysis of friendship as an inherently anti-oppression, radical tool of resistance.  This study of friendship investigates the form and function of friendship, as well as how neoliberalism and the patriarchy cause friction in its functioning, and the ultimate fantasy of friendship that is possible through its untangling of systems of oppression. The Annotated and Expanded version of the Compendium shared here details the process and outcomes surrounding this publication and my master's degree project as a whole. This project is an argument for friendship, a celebration of friendship, a dissection of friendship and a resurrection and recontextualisation of friendship.  ˜”*°•♥ I hope you & your friends enjoy it ♥•°*”˜

La psychopathie est caractérisée par diverses manifestations affectives et comportementales qui peuvent se traduire en contexte relationnel par un manque d’empathie à l’égard d’autrui, de la manipulation, ou encore de l’exploitation. À ce jour, les études sur la psychopathie se sont principalement intéressées aux comportements antisociaux, tandis que la capacité éventuelle à adopter des comportements prosociaux a peu été explorée. Pourtant, bien qu’observée chez environ 10% de la population carcérale, la psychopathie se retrouve également chez des individus de la population générale. Dans le but de mieux comprendre ce qui pouvait distinguer les psychopathes adaptés à la vie en société de ceux impliqués dans des activités criminelles, quelques chercheurs ont tenté d’étudier la relation entre l’endossement de traits psychopathiques et la capacité à coopérer chez des individus non incarcérés. Toutefois, les résultats sont inconsistants d’une étude à l’autre. Jusqu’à présent, aucune recherche n’a exploré l’effet modérateur d’une tierce variable, qui pourrait éventuellement expliquer cette divergence dans les données. Or, certains traits culturels, notamment l’individualisme et le collectivisme, sont conceptuellement reliés à la fois aux traits psychopathiques et à la coopération sociale. L’objectif de cette thèse était donc de vérifier la relation entre les traits psychopathiques et l’adoption de comportements coopératifs chez des individus de la population générale, tout en considérant l’effet des traits individualistes ou collectivistes de chacun. Il était attendu: 1) que les traits psychopathiques soient prédicteurs de choix non coopératifs, et 2) que cette relation diffère en fonction des attitudes individualistes ou collectivistes rapportées par les participants. Le recrutement a été effectué sur la scène internationale via les réseaux sociaux, les sites de petites annonces et certains départements universitaires. Un total de 134 personnes a complété l’entièreté de l’étude. Chacun a effectué dans un ordre aléatoire les tests suivants : l’Échelle de Psychopathie de Levenson, les Scenarios for the measurement of collectivism and individualism, ainsi qu’une simulation itérative du dilemme du prisonnier comprenant 12 essais. Une régression hiérarchique a été effectuée, et n’a pas permis de confirmer les hypothèses. Diverses analyses exploratoires ont également été tentées, notamment des régressions logistiques et des analyses de contrastes. Il s’est avéré que les traits psychopathiques n’étaient pas significativement prédicteurs des choix de coopération au dilemme du prisonnier, et que les traits culturels endossés n’avaient pas non plus d’impact significatif sur cette relation. Une discussion approfondie a été menée afin d’expliquer ces résultats et de les replacer dans le contexte de la littérature scientifique actuelle. Notamment, un retour a été effectué sur la conceptualisation des traits psychopathiques et de leurs manifestations dans la population générale, ainsi que sur la recherche en contexte interculturel. Une deuxième expérience a été conduite auprès d’un nouvel échantillon, apportant des corrections aux failles méthodologiques identifiées lors de l’étude internationale. Cette deuxième expérience s’est concentrée sur la relation entre les traits psychopathiques et la coopération sociale, sans tenir compte des traits culturels. Pour améliorer le devis de recherche, seuls des hommes ont été recrutés, la taille d’échantillonnage a été augmentée, et le recrutement n’a pas été conduit sur la scène internationale afin de limiter la variabilité au sein des participants. Également, un questionnaire mesurant la présence d’indices de traits psychopathiques à l’enfance et à l’adolescence a été ajouté. L’objectif de cette deuxième expérience était d’explorer une nouvelle fois la relation entre les traits psychopathiques et l’adoption de comportements coopératifs chez des individus de la population générale. Il était attendu que les traits psychopathiques soient prédicteurs de choix non coopératifs. Plus spécifiquement, l’hypothèse était que plus les individus rapporteraient de traits psychopathiques à l’âge adulte et de traits psychopathiques présents dès l’enfance, moins ils auraient tendance à coopérer. Le recrutement a été effectué via les réseaux sociaux. Un total de 150 hommes a complété l’entièreté de l’étude. Chacun a effectué dans un ordre aléatoire les tests suivants : l’Échelle de Psychopathie de Levenson, l’Échelle des Indicateurs de Psychopathie à l’Enfance et à l’Adolescence (Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale-Self Report), ainsi qu’une simulation itérative du dilemme du prisonnier comprenant 12 essais. Des régressions multiples de type standard et hiérarchique ont été effectuées. Les hypothèses étaient partiellement confirmées. Les indices infantiles de psychopathie étaient prédicteurs des décisions effectuées au dilemme du prisonnier, toutefois la relation n’allait pas dans le sens attendu. Statistiquement, les données indiquaient que plus le score sur l’Échelle des Indicateurs de Psychopathie à l’Enfance et à l’Adolescence était élevé, plus les individus coopéraient au dilemme du prisonnier. Des nuances quant à cette interprétation ont été amenées en Discussion. Ensuite, les traits psychopathiques à l’âge adulte, mesurés par les scores obtenus à l’Échelle de Psychopathie de Levenson, ne permettaient pas à eux seuls de prédire les décisions au dilemme du prisonnier. Les traits psychopathiques à l’âge adulte étaient prédicteurs du comportement de coopération uniquement lorsque considérés conjointement avec la mesure des indicateurs de traits psychopathiques à l’enfance. Le pourcentage de variance des comportements coopératifs qui était expliqué par le modèle était faible. Également, la valeur prédictive des traits psychopathiques adultes était entièrement attribuable aux traits relevant du Facteur 1 (interpersonnel et affectif). La relation allait cette fois dans le sens attendu : plus le score était élevé sur l’Échelle de Psychopathie de Levenson, moins les participants coopéraient au dilemme du prisonnier. Ces résultats ont été interprétés lors d’une nouvelle Discussion, qui a permis en lumière les similitudes et les différences entre les deux expériences menées dans le cadre de la thèse. Également, des questionnements entourant la validité du concept de psychopathie dans la population générale ont été étayés. Sur la base de l’entièreté de la thèse, des recommandations pour les recherches futures ont été formulées. / Psychopathy is characterized by various emotional and behavioural manifestations that include a lack of empathy towards others, manipulation and exploitation. To date, studies of psychopathy have focused primarily on antisocial behaviours, while little attention has been paid to the potential for prosocial behaviours. Although generally observed in about 10% of the carceral population, psychopathy is also found in the general population. In order to better understand what might distinguish psychopaths adapted to life in society from those involved in criminal activities, some researchers have attempted to study the relationship between psychopathic traits and the ability to cooperate in non-incarcerated individuals. However, the results are inconsistent from one study to another. To date, no research has explored the moderating effect of a third variable, that could potentially explain this discrepancy in data. For example, some cultural traits, such as individualism versus collectivism, are conceptually linked to both psychopathic traits and social cooperation. The objective of the thesis was to verify the relationship between psychopathic traits and cooperative behaviours among individuals in the general population, while taking into account the effect of participants individualistic or collectivist traits. It was expected that: 1) psychopathic traits would predict uncooperative choices; and 2) this relationship would differ according to the individualistic or collectivist attitudes reported by participants. Recruitment was conducted on the international scene via social networks, classified advertisement sites and some university departments. A total of 134 participants completed the entire study. They completed the following tests in random order: the Levenson Scale of Psychopathy, the Scenarios for the measurement of collectivism and individualism, and an iterative simulation of the prisoner's dilemma involving 12 trials. A hierarchical regression was conducted and did not confirm the hypotheses. Various exploratory analyses were also attempted, including logistic regressions and contrast analyses. Psychopathic traits were not significantly predictive of cooperative choices in the prisoner's dilemma, nor did the cultural traits have a significant impact on this relationship. An in-depth discussion was conducted to explain these results and to place them in the context of the current scientific literature. More specifically, the Discussion focused on the conceptualization of psychopathic traits and their manifestations in the general population, as well as on research in an intercultural context. A second experiment was conducted with a new sample, correcting the methodological flaws identified in the international study. This second experiment focused on the relationship between psychopathic traits and social cooperation, without considering cultural traits. To improve the research design, only males were recruited, the sample size was increased, and recruitment was not conducted internationally in order to limit variability among participants. Also, a questionnaire measuring the presence of clues to psychopathic traits in childhood and adolescence was added. The objective of this second experiment was to further explore the relationship between psychopathic traits and the adoption of cooperative behaviours in individuals from the general population. Psychopathic traits were expected to be predictors of uncooperative choices. More specifically, the hypothesis was that the more individuals report psychopathic traits in adulthood and psychopathic traits present in childhood, the less likely they are to be cooperative. Recruitment was conducted via social networks. A total of 150 men completed the entire study. Each completed the following tests in random order: the Levenson Psychopathy Scale, the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale-Self Report, and an iterative simulation of the prisoner's dilemma involving 12 trials. Standard and hierarchical multiple regressions were performed. The hypotheses were partially confirmed. Childhood psychopathy indices were predictive of decisions made in the prisoner's dilemma, however the direction of the relationship was not as expected. The results indicated that the higher the score on the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale-Self Report, the more cooperative the individuals were to the prisoner's dilemma. Second, psychopathic traits in adulthood, as measured by scores on the Levenson Psychopathy Scale, alone did not predict decisions about the prisoner's dilemma. Adult psychopathic traits were predictive of cooperative behaviour only when considered in conjunction with measures of childhood psychopathic trait indicators. The percentage of variance in cooperative behaviour that was explained by the model was small. Also, the predictive value of adult psychopathic traits was entirely attributable to Factor 1 traits (interpersonal and emotional). This time, the relationship was as expected: the higher the score on Levenson's Psychopathy Scale, the less cooperative participants were to the prisoner's dilemma. These results were interpreted in a new Discussion, which shed light on the similarities and differences between the two experiments carried out in the framework of the thesis. Also, questions surrounding the validity of the concept of psychopathy in the general population were supported. Based on the entire thesis, recommendations for future research were formulated.

Dans ce mémoire sera présenté un cycle conceptuel de six pièces pour ensembles variés gouvernées par deux thématiques principales: le sentiment collectif et la conscience historique. La démarche est d’évoquer ces thèmes et leurs sous-thèmes respectifs par tous les moyens possibles dans le contexte donné par chaque pièce. Ainsi, l’analyse révèlera comment les textes sur lesquels la musique est basée servent à provoquer une réflexion sur les thèmes et comment le lien avec la musique circonscrit la réception du message aux sujets connexes aux thématiques choisies. L’objectif est que la musique crée un contact entre les interprètes et l’auditoire pour les amener à s’approprier le message qu’ils perçoivent à travers les oeuvres et qu’elle canalise les interprétations possibles pour qu’elles soient en ligne avec les thèmes. De plus, il sera examiné comment des procédés extra-musicaux invitent l’auditoire à se sentir interpellé par les oeuvres, soit par sa participation, soit par l’interdisciplinarité qui débloque de nouveaux canaux pour stimuler son écoute. La démarche créatrice dans son ensemble vise à être cohérente avec les thèmes choisis, parfois simplement en tant que prise de position en relation aux styles abordés. Par exemple, l’omniprésence de procédés issus de la musique folklorique et d’emprunts à différents sous-genres de musique metal, le choix des auteur.es et un hommage assumé à Claude Vivier servent à situer l’oeuvre dans notre contexte historique actuel en relation à l’histoire précédente et à aiguiser la conscience que nous appartenons à une communauté, en plus de questionner ce que cela implique. Les pièces seront traitées en un chapitre par oeuvre : Les poules à Jenny, Joco musicam ergo sum, Poussière de cèdre, Résonances, et Je ne suis pas née pour servir un mâle. / This memoir will present a conceptual cycle of six pieces for different ensembles governed by two main themes: the collective sentience and historical consciousness. The procedure of the research is to evoke these themes and their respective sub-themes through the means possible in the context given by each piece. Therefor, the analysis will reveal how the texts upon which the music is based are used to provoke a reflection on the treated subjects and how the link with the music limits the reception of the message to the chosen subjects. The objective is for the music to channel a direct contact between the performers and the audience to bring them to appropriate themselves the message they perceive in the works, but to orient those reflections on the chosen subjects. Furthermore, the research will examine how extra-musical processes invite the audience to feel engaged by the works, either by their participation or by their interdisciplinarity which unlocks new channels to stimulate listening. The entire creative process aims to be coherent with the subjects, sometimes simply by taking position in relation to the themes discussed. For example, the omnipresence of characteristics of traditional music, the imitation of different subgenres of metal music, the choice of authors and a deliberate tribute to Claude Vivier help situate the work in our current historical context in rapport to previous history and to sharpen the consciousness that we belong to a given community, questioning what that implies. The pieces will be treated as one chapter per work: Les poules à Jenny, Joco musicam ergo sum, Poussière de cèdre, Résonances, and Je ne suis pas née pour servir un mâle.

Researchers have long been concerned in documenting the nature of associations between parenting styles and academic achievement in adolescents. Social learning theory has shown how domains such as individualism, collectivism, and ethnicity are associated with parent behavior. Research suggests compatibility between individualism and authoritative parenting and collectivism with authoritarian parenting styles, which could have critical implications in the relationship between parenting styles and academic achievement. Despite the robust research on parenting styles, no research has investigated the moderating roles of individualism and collectivism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the associations between parenting style and academic achievement and whether some of the associations were moderated by ethnicity, individualism, and collectivism. The sample consisted of 225 parents who were recruited via an online newsletter sent by school personnel. Parenting styles were measured by the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire while individualism and collectivism variables were measured by the Self-Construal Scale. Correlation coefficients calculated the associations between parenting styles and academic achievement, while the regression analyses addressed the moderator hypotheses. Authoritative parenting had a significant positive correlation with GPA, while both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had a significant negative correlation with GPA. Within the moderator hypotheses, neither ethnicity nor individualism and collectivism served as a significant moderator between parenting styles and GPA. These findings may inform parents and educators of the importance of parenting styles on education, beyond the explanatory power of ethnicity or value system.