Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T21:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Tania.pdf: 706648 bytes, checksum: b27a1737ec537fafc8d218bb290d0578 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-20 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Esta pesquisa investigou as práticas educativas adotadas pela rádio comunitária A Voz das Comunidades, a primeira do Brasil autorizada pelo Ministério das Comunicações, que existe há sete anos na comunidade do Mutirão, no bairro Cidade Nova I, zona Norte de Manaus. Como desafios, o trabalho apresenta os de compreender, analisar métodos e diagnosticar as falhas na missão de transmitir uma programação pautada na educação libertadora. Adotamos a pesquisa de campo fenomenológica de cunho qualitativo como método de investigação da rádio A Voz das Comunidades, com destaque para a educação, a comunicação e a participação comunitária. A pesquisa fenomenológica qualitativa permite que elementos de subjetividade possam ser ressaltados na análise. Os dados colhidos no trabalho de campo realizado por meio de entrevistas abertas, semi-abertas e grupo focal foram analisados a partir da metodologia hermenêutica-dialética. Ao unirmos a hermenêutica, que se movimenta na perspectiva da compreensão, consciência histórica, empatia e intersubjetividade, e a dialética, cujo ponto de partida é idéia de crítica, negação, oposição, transformação e contradição da realidade social, o resultado foi enriquecedor, pois um volume considerável de informações e revelações sobre o cotidiano no qual A Voz das Comunidades estava inserida foi revelado. Além de reunir elementos, conhecer e analisar as contribuições da rádio para o Mutirão, também apontamos a necessidade de ajustes no sentido de melhorar o envolvimento da população com a rádio. As teorias da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas e a da Ação Dialógica de Paulo Freire serviram de sustentação teórica para evidenciar a urgência para a criação e reforço de vínculos com a cultura local, promovendo o diálogo horizontal entre moradores e gestores da emissora. Trabalhamos também com o conceito de Educomunicação, um novo campo de inter-relação entre a comunicação e a educação, para compreender as mediações educacionais da rádio, propor ações práticas na área da gestão comunicativa que estimulem a participação popular na emissora e facilite a captação de recursos financeiros, uma das principais dificuldades enfrentadas. Nossa conclusão aponta para a educação inter-relacionada à comunicação e à participação popular como possibilidade frutífera para consolidar práticas e fortalecer o espaço de aprendizagem ou ecossistema educativo informal que a rádio representa. Apontamos a necessidade de metodologias que consideram a diversidade cultural local para estimular e manter o protagonismo popular e, assim, criar uma ambiente favorável para a educação libertadora.

Alors que la Colombie traverse une période de violence intense au début des années 1990, une forme de média en apparence nouvelle se diffuse dans tout le territoire et est légalisée par l’Etat: celle des radios communautaires. Associées à de multiples fonctions, elles sont censées être politiquement neutres, donner la voix aux sans voix, pacifier, reconstruire le tissu social déchiré… Comment expliquer la diffusion et l'institutionnalisation d'un média marginal dans un contexte aussi difficile ? A partir d'une démarche généalogique et comparative sur cinq régions colombiennes, cette thèse montre que la radio communautaire peut être comprise comme une forme d’action collective dont les origines remontent à la fin des années 1940. Retracer l’histoire de la catégorie met en évidence l’existence de groupes militants aux intérêts multiples qui luttent pour la « cause des médias ». Loin de l’image du média petit, pur et isolé, les radios communautaires se sont développées dans un espace médiactiviste multisectoriel, à l’intersection de plusieurs sphères d’activité. Si les radios communautaires ont été légalisées en Colombie, c’est parce que ces militants multi-positionnés, acteurs intermédiaires entre ces sphères, cadrent l’objet en des termes compatibles avec l’action de l’Etat. Le média est alors redéfini et donne lieu à des appropriations diversifiées sur les territoires, en fonction des configurations d’acteurs à différentes échelles. Loin de leur image « apolitique », les radios communautaires peuvent être comprises comme des lieux de renégociation des frontières de la « communauté imaginée » dans un pays habituellement décrit comme un territoire fragmenté. / While Colombia was experiencing a period of intense violence at the beginning of the 1990s, an apparently new media form, the community radio, spread throughout the entire territory, and was legalized by the state. Designated with multiple functionalities, community radios are constructed as politically neutral, giving voice to those who are marginalised, pacifying, and rebuilding broken social tissues... How can we explain the diffusion and institutionalization of what is considered a marginal media in such a hard context? Through a genealogic and comparative analysis of five Colombian regions, this thesis shows that the community radio can be understood as a collective means of action whose origins can be tracked to the late 1940s. An analysis of the history of the category draws attention to the existence of militant groups with multiples interests who fight for « the media cause ». Far from the image of what is considered a small media, pure and isolated, community radios were developed in a “mediactivized” multisectorial space, at the crossroads of several spheres of activity. That the Ccommunity radios were legalized in Colombia , is because its multi-positioned militants, acting as intermediaries between different spheres, adapted them on compatible terms with the state activities. The media wasis then redefined and give accorded a place withto in a diversified appropriation of the territories, according to actors at different geographical scales. Far from their « apolitical » figure, the community radios can be understood as a place site of renegotiation of the frontiers of the « imagined community » in a country usually described as a fragmented territory.

There is a dearth of information on community radio in South Africa; although much attention has been given to the role of community radio in development, education and community representation, there has been very little focus on community radio’s functioning within South Africa’s current broadcast system. The researcher explored the viability of the current conception of community radio by means of a literature review, as well as an examination of the South African Advertising Research Foundation’s listener figures for community radio stations across South Africa. The researcher then investigated how conducive the present broadcasting climate is to the growth of this medium through the use of a campus radio station as case-study. Semi-structured interviews were held with the management staff of a campus radio station; a thematic analysis was then conducted on the completed interviews so as to extract the meanings inherent in the participant’s experience. As such, the question of whether community radio can continue to survive within South Africa’s three-tier system of broadcasting without a radical re-conceptualization of the broadcasting system itself, was addressed. The researcher explored what community radio gives to the world of broadcasting that commercial and public radio does not, and how these contributions can be compounded to ensure the long term sustainability of this medium. These arguments were then put forth in the creation of a hypothetical re-conceptualization of a new broadcasting system. / Dissertation (M (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / M (Research Psychology) / unrestricted

This research project was aimed at investigating strategies that are used for the sustainability of selected rural-based community radio stations in the Transkei area of the Eastern Cape. The study was done under a hypothesis that, in the absence of big business and migration of literate people and skilled labour from rural communities to urban centres, rural-based community radios struggle to attract operational revenue through advertising, community support, etc., and that the supposedly high illiteracy in the rural areas render it difficult to run the stations. Two rural-based community radio stations were selected for this study: Alfred Nzo Community Radio at Mount Ayliff in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality area, and Vukani Community Radio at Cala in the Chris Hani District Municipality area. The aim was to study their activities with regard to the most and widely agreed three-dimensional method of sustaining community radio stations: Financial Sustainability, Institutional Sustainability, and Social Sustainability. Relevant literature has been reviewed and data have been collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods through questionnaires. The study however leans more on the qualitative approach and a quantitative approach has merely been used to identify the trends of the views of the participants. The analysis of data highlights the views of the respondents about these radio stations with regard to their strategies to sustain themselves. The views of the respondents represent all people from all levels of people involved in the stations: From the Member of the Board of Directors in the boardroom to stations’ members of management at their desks. From Presenters behind their microphones to the listener in the dusty streets of the poor rural areas. The results confirm the hypothesis that the areas have high unemployment and illiteracy rates, and that their sustainability depend largely on trade-outs with local business and government support. However, the study also shows that strategies for Financial Sustainability, Institutional Sustainability, and Social Sustainability may overlap or influence each other. For instance, an activity of Institutional Sustainability may result in Financial Sustainability, and visa-versa. The study also reveals that the stations struggle to establish and maintain effective Social Sustainability for the benefit of the station. In the light of this, a proposal for further study and recommendations are given at the end of the study.

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New technologies, such as social media and web services, are becoming increasingly common and important tools for community radio stations. The convergence of community radio, social media and web services opens up new opportunities for participation from the audience and challenges previous conceptions of community, participation, empowerment and the public sphere. This study focuses on how this convergence affects notions of participation, empowerment, community and the public sphere as well as the resulting challenges and opportunities. The study was conducted at three community radio stations in the Western Cape, South Africa and used a mixed-methods approach of qualitative interviews, a survey and netnographic observations of social media and web presence.The findings show that social media and web services increases and changes participation by extending possibilities to interact independently of spatiotemporal limitations of radio broadcasts. It has direct effects on the content of the radio shows and the audience is empowered as co-producers and contributors of content. Additionally, the interaction itself creates new content in other mediums, such as blogs. The study also shows how the converging public spheres of community radio and social media are contradictory as participation becomes economized and exclusionary and relies heavily on financial means, access and digital literacy of the community. The expanded, global reach of community radio also challenges the notion of community as it includes distant and diasporic communities. However, the presence in the global mediascape harmonizes with community radio values of self-representation and self-expression. The study concludes that community radio stations need to both strategize their social media use while balancing their mandate to be a voice of the voiceless that lack access and/or digital literacy to participate.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global economic conditions are forcing donor and development agencies to reduce aid to developing countries and communities. This reduction is resulting in less developmental programmes for disadvantaged communities. To ensure that developmental programmes are implemented successfully and cost effectively, implementing agents will have to ensure that they improve their developmental communication. It is also becoming important that those who are to benefit from developmental programmes convey or identify exactly what their needs are. There should be very little speculation from development agencies about what the needs of the disadvantaged are. It is becoming necessary to review current developmental tools, methods and systems, and also to explore what other measures can be applied to ensure that speculation or time and money wasting exercises are eliminated. This study attempts to look at two things that will influence effective development communication. The first is to examine if community radio is still as an efficient developmental communication tool as perhaps two decades ago. Secondly, it looks at the possibility to tailor-make information for those who need develop, especially in the context of evolving technology.

Esta dissertação trata da importância da preservação da cultura local, na cidade de São Luis do Paraitinga, no interior do Estado de São Paulo. O sentimento de pertencer a um grupo, partilhando valores, ideais e crenças comuns motiva essa população a comemorar e dessa forma preservar suas festas tradicionais, uma rica e diversificada cultura popular. A pesquisa aqui apresentada buscou conhecer como os processos comunicacionais dessa localidade se relacionam com as suas manifestações culturais, mas deteve-se no estudo da comunicação radiofônica, com ênfase na rádio comunitária da cidade. Foi procurar indícios de como a Rádio Paraitinga pode estabelecer um processo comunicacional, em comunhão com a concepção de vida, dos valores éticos, estéticos, artísticos e religiosos da comunidade. Como compreende, participa e desenvolve os laços de identidade e de pertencimento. Como a comunidade se identifica com a Rádio. Como vinculam sua intensa vivência do cotidiano à emissora. O estudo apresenta, em suas considerações finais, importantes dados indicadores do quanto a rádio da cidade responde a essas questões e sugere ações para que ela efetivamente exerça seu papel junto à comunidade, ações que realmente possam identificá-la como comunitária e, dessa forma, contribuir para a preservação das manifestações culturais. / This study says about the importance of the local culture preservation, in the city of São Luis do Paraitinga, interior of São Paulo. The feeling of belonging to a group, sharing values, ideals and common beliefs motivate this population to celebrate and therefore preserve their folk festivities, a rich and diversity popular culture. The following research meant to know how the communicational processes of this place relate to their culture manifestations, but privileged the radiophonic communication, focusing the city community radio. Searched hints how the Paraitinga Radio can establish a communication process, in congruent with their life conceptions, ethical, aesthetical, artistical and religious values. As understanding, sharing and developing their identity and belonging bonds. As the community identify itself with the Paraitinga Radio. As sharing their intense way of life with the radio station. In its final considerations, the research shows important indicating data of how the city radio answer this questions and its recommends actions that can really identify than as community and therefore to contribute to the preservation of the cultural manifestations.

Community radio and participation - the case ofSiyaya FM illustrates that radio is a powerful tool when it comes to communication and empowerment for active listeners. However, it also shows that community members are not empowered to the same extent if they are not engaged. Participation is essential for development and empowerment as described by, among others, Chambers (1983). At the same time the thesis demonstrates that it is difficult to involve all parts of a community because of power structures and therefore the radio station might end up empowering people already in power. Siyaya FM has, however, a role to play in Cato Manor with its high unemployment rate by training people the tool of radio and also educating listeners and informing them of important issues that can improve their knowledge. In addition, the radio station can take part in building social cohesion among the different groups of community members. By strengthening community radio stations the national authorities have a potential to meet the goals of their development strategies, while at the same time fulfilling the constitutional promise of freedom of speech for all by creating access to the airwaves for everybody. However, funding shortages create obstacles for many South African community radio stations to fulfil their task as community developers. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006