A presente dissertação analisa o arranjo e a execução de entradas espanholas na fronteira ori-ental dos Andes centrais, entre os anos de 1538 e 1561. Nosso objetivo consiste em avaliar as origens do interesse, os resultados apresentados e as razões para o arrefecimento dos contatos. A região em questão identifica-se com as terras situadas a leste da cidade de Cuzco, parcial-mente inserida no quadrante que os incas chamavam de antisuyu. Algumas vezes, essas em-presas foram além daquele território, alcançando as terras baixas do vale; configurando desse modo a primeira série de contatos sistemáticos com o que hoje chamamos de Amazônia. No período pesquisado, a expansão da conquista em direção a essa região esteve sempre na agen-da dos castelhanos, ainda que não tenham logrado êxito em consolidar esse projeto / This Dissertation examines the planning and execution of the Spanish expeditions on the east-ern border of the Central Andes, between 1538 and 1561. Our purpose is inquire the origins of interest, the results presented and the reasons for the reduction of the contacts. The region in question is identified with the lands located at the east of Cuzco, partly inserted in the incas antisuyu. Sometimes, these expeditions were beyond that territory, reaching the lowlands; thereby configuring the first series of systematic contacts with the region that we now call Amazon. In the period surveyed, the expansion of conquest to these lands always been on the plans of the Castilians, although it has not been successfully

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-02-05T19:33:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lamas, Fernando-Tese-2013.pdf: 4558090 bytes, checksum: 4b460903787722c163906c1526e58633 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-05T19:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lamas, Fernando-Tese-2013.pdf: 4558090 bytes, checksum: 4b460903787722c163906c1526e58633 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O objetivo central desse trabalho é analisar os conflitos em torno da terra ocorridos na área Central da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais entre os últimos 25 anos do século XVIII e os primeiros 20 anos do século XIX, momento este que se mostrou crucial para a efetivação da colonização da região, uma vez que desde a criação do aldeamento de são Manoel, às margens do rio Pomba, a pressão sobre as terras indígenas aumentou de maneira significativa resultando, nas primeiras décadas do Oitocentos na deflagração da Guerra aos Botocudos pelo então Príncipe Regente João (1808). / The main objective of this work is to analyze the conflicts among the land that took place in the Central area of Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais between the last 25 years of the XVIII century and on the first 20 years of XIX century, a moment that was very important for the effectuation of the colonization of the region, since from the creation of the village of São Manoel, near to the river Pomba, the pressure on the indigenous lands increased significantly resulting on the first decades of the eighteenth Century the outbreak of the War of Botocudos by the Regent Prince João (1808).

Après une note préliminaire précisant la façon dont nous avions conçu la rédaction, une introduction esquisse un tableau de la colonisation française antérieurement à la période cible. Nous avons jugé utile de consacrer un chapitre à la situation de l'Algérie depuis l'arrivée des Français jusqu'à 1836, premier contact de Bugeaud avec la colonie. Puis nous avons étudié comment Bugeaud percevait le monde qui l'entourait : société, économie, politique. Puis vint la période algérienne que nous avons organisée en fonction des étapes essentielles de sa mission (premiers contacts avec le pays puis période de commandement), des grandes questions auxquelles il fut confronté et les solutions qu'il envisageait d'y apporter (Administration des indigènes, colonisation européenne, militaire et civile). Ses tentatives pour faire accepter ses conceptions nous ont conduit à nous demander quel avenir Bugeaud envisageait-il pour l'Algérie. Enfin, nous avons cherché les causes de sa célébrité et origines du mythe Bugeaud qui le propulsèrent au panthéon des gloires nationales. En conclusion, nous avons recensé les enseignements que nous avons retiré de notre étude. / After a preliminary note explaining how this thesis was written, an introduction describes french colonization before the target period. We considered it usefull to devote a chapter to the situation in Algeria from the arrival of the French until 1836, when Bugeaud first came into contact with the colony. We then study how Bugeaud percieved the world around him : society, the economy and politics. We then look at the algerian period, which we have divided into key stages of this assignment (initial contact with the country followed by his gouverning period), the major issues he faced and the solutions he intended to implement (administration of the algerian people, military and civil european colonization). His attempts to ensure his ideas were accepted have led us to question exactly what future Bugeaud had in mind for Algeria. Finally, we investigate the reasons for his celebrity status and the origins of the Bugeaud myth that propelled him to the status of national hero. In conclusion, we identify the lessons we have learned from our study.

Nearly 500 years ago, the “Cajamarca encounter” between the Spanish conquerors and the Inca Atahualpa symbolized the lack of communication Peru was founded on. This event decisively conditioned the power structure during colonial times and even later in the republic. However, during this prolonged period, many indigenous and Afro-descendants Peruvian cultures, subordinate and marginalized, have experienced dissimilar processes of intercultural communication. There is a growing back and forth flow of communication between cultures considered subordinate and hegemonic. There also are  multiple contacts between indigenous cultures and in-between these and others, such as the Afro-descendant. This process of communication –and, simultaneously, affirmation of cultural identities– has gained a new impetus: it unfolds vigorously in rural areas and in cities. Moreover, cultural identities have ceased to exclusively identify with vernacular languages. The State has incorporated some of this; nevertheless, much remains to be done. / La incomunicación original sobre la que se fundó el Perú, simbolizada por el momento del “encuentro” de Cajamarca, entre los conquistadores españoles y elinca Atahualpa, hace cerca de 500 años, condicionó de manera decisiva la organización del poder colonial e, incluso, posteriormente, el poder republicano.Sin embargo, durante este prolongado periodo las diversas culturas indígenasy afrodescendientes peruanas, marginadas y subordinadas, han vivido disímilesprocesos de comunicación intercultural. Crece una comunicación de ida y vueltaentre las culturas consideradas subordinadas y las hegemónicas, y son múltipleslos contactos entre culturas indígenas, y entre estas y otras, como la  afrodescendiente. Este proceso de comunicación —y, simultáneamente, de afirmación de identidades culturales— ha cobrado un nuevo ímpetu: se despliega con vigor en las zonas rurales y en las ciudades. Es más, las identidades culturales ya dejaron de identificarse exclusivamente con las lenguas originarias. El Estado ha recogido algo de todo esto; sin embargo, todavía queda mucho por andar.

In this thesis, a coin from the Hannibalic occupation of Taras is analysed and discussed. The method applied in the analysis is Panofsky’s iconological method, and the theoretical framework has been derived from the research questions themselves in dialogue with modern numismatic research.  The focus of the discussion is on the relationship between the coin and its historical context. In the thesis, it is argued that the coin is a didrachm with heavily reduced weight, and that the weight reduction is a result of the financial difficulties caused by the Second Punic War. / Denna uppsats är en analys av ett mynt from Hannibals ockupation av Taras. Den metod som tillämpas i analysdelen är Panofskys ikonologiska metod. Det teoretiska ramverket har sin utgångspunkt i uppsatsens frågeställning, och har utarbetats i dialog med modern numismatisk forskning. Diskussionsdelen fokuserar på förhållandet mellan myntet och dess historiska kontext. I uppsatsen framförs argument för att myntet är en didrachm med kraftigt reducerad vikt, och att viktreduktionen är en följd av de finansiella svårigheter som orsakades av Andra puniska kriget.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to explore the development of sexuality in relation to one's overall sense of identity. The most popular measures of identity development assess identity in a number of life's domains ( e.g., politics, religion, occupation, values, friendships, dating, gender roles, and recreation/leisure), but none of the measures include an assessment of identity development in the domain of sexuality. Measures of sexuality have typically been limited to measures of sexual orientation or surveys of sexual experiences. The purpose of this research was to explore identity formation and development within the domain of sexuality, but not limited to sexual orientation and sexual experience. Toward that endeavor, a measure was constructed based on Marcia's ( 1966) identity status paradigm and modeled after Balistreri, Busch-Rossnagel, & Geisinger' s (1995) Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). The development of this measure was an attempt to capture a more comprehensive summation of a person's sense of sexuality than has previously been measured, including the areas of sexual knowledge, experience, motivation, values, orientation, relationships, and desire. Participants were undergraduate students (N=121) from a medium size suburban college campus in the Southern U.S. All participants completed an anonymous survey including a demographic questionnaire, our sexual identity survey, the EIPQ, a measure of sexual adjustment, a measure of identity distress, and a psychological symptom measure. Our sexual identity survey had very good internal consistency with a reliability alpha coefficient of .895. Sexual identity was significantly correlated with ego identity and all the sexual adjustment variables. Sexual identity development variables predicted sexual adjustment over and above (and better than) ego identity development variables, even when controlling for psychological adjustment and identity distress, thus providing evidence of incremental validity for our sexual identity construct. These results are encouraging because they suggest that it is appropriate to consider sexuality as another identity domain.

My work deals with current konwledge of Celts in Iron Age and Roman Britain (approximately from the 6th century BC to the 5th century AD), includes infromation about chronology and periodization, Celtic society, settlement, burial practices, economic life, art and religion. The attention is devoted to today's views on Britain's share in the process of ethnogenesis of Celts and the ethnic structure of the population in pre-Roman period and the influence of the migration from the continent. The thasis further focuses primarily on the period of Roman occupation between 43 - 410 AD and the influence of Roman occupation on other aspects of Celtic society and effort to capture the development of the agricultural settlement outside the central site and explore the influences of Roman civilization in this environment. Work should, inter alia, aim to complete assessment of the extent of the continuation, modification or extinction of indigenous cultural forms.

A base do estudo empreendido nesta tese é a abordagem da Historia de la conquista de México de Dom Antonio de Solís a partir das preceptivas retóricas seiscentistas. Em nossa leitura, o discurso histórico seiscentista é fabricado pela arte. Narrar os feitos construídos como memoráveis é descrevê-los, portanto, retratá-los, ou seja, fazer com que o leitor possa vê-los. Nas edições da Historia de Solís enriquecidas com gravuras, as matérias lidas e vistas se desdobram em uma competição entre as artes, ou seja, entre a História e a Gravura. Nosso propósito é estudar a rivalidade imposta pela imagem como forma de superar a narração e as descrições empenhadas pelo cronista. Assim, as imagens imitam seu texto como forma de alcançar a emulação. Além da edição princeps da História, compõem o corpus da tese três edições enriquecidas com gravuras: a toscana, publicada em Florença em 1699; a castelhana, publicada em Bruxelas em 1704; e a inglesa, publicada em Londres em 1724. A obra de Solís, bem como suas reedições, é compreendida aqui como espaço de competição tanto das artes como dos discursos. A disputa discursiva é analisada na leitura dos textos oficiais que compõem a parte introdutória da edição princeps, os quais ajuízam o estilo, o decoro e a prudência dos preceitos empenhados pelo cronista, ou seja, aprovam e legitimam sua Historia. A concorrência entre os discursos e as artes busca alcançar os efeitos de docere (ensinar), delectare (agradar) e movere (persuadir). Assim, a competição provoca o prazer da maravilha, ensina e agrada aquele que lê as imagens podendo vê-las, logo, persuade de forma mais intensa e eficaz. / The basis of study undertaken in this thesis is the approach to The History of the Conquest of Mexico by Don Antonio de Solís under the 16th-century perceptive rhetoric. In our interpretation, the 16th-century historical discourse is produced through art. Narrating memorable feats is the same as describing them, therefore, depicting them, so that the reader can see them. In the editions of de Solis The History enriched by illustrations, the topics read and seen engage in a competition between arts, that is to say, History and Engraving. Our aim is to study the contest imposed by image as a means of outshining the narrative and the descriptions made by the chronicler. Thus, the images mimic his text as a way of achieving emulation. In addition to the princeps edition of the History, the corpus of the thesis consists of three richly engraved editions: the Tuscan edition, published in Florence in 1699; the Castilian edition, published in Brussels in 1704; and the British edition, published in London in 1724. Solís literary composition, as well as its reeditions, is understood here as a competition field for both arts and discourses. The discursive dispute is analyzed through the reading of official texts which form the introductory section of the princeps edition and assess the chroniclers style, decency and prudence applied to precepts, approving and legitimizing his History. The rivalry between discourses and arts aims to achieve effects of docere (teaching), delectare (delighting) and movere (persuading). Thus, the competition incites the delight of wonder, teaches and pleases whoever reads the images through sight, therefore, it persuades in a more intense and effective manner.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T16:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBSON MONTEIRO.pdf: 1076015 bytes, checksum: ba98a490b6d082130aea3b2a1ae68c05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T16:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBSON MONTEIRO.pdf: 1076015 bytes, checksum: ba98a490b6d082130aea3b2a1ae68c05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / The main aim of this discussion is to pursue, from Bartolom? de Las Casas (1484- 1566) thought, how the religion crises process in the period of Christianity have developed, which outlines in the enterprise of conquer and evangelization of the Spanish America (1492). By the end of XV century, and the beginning of XVI, Portugal and Spain, saw themselves in a position of replace the problem regarding Salvation in relevance, that is, the question that imposes: do the new peoples which are going to be known, have the same right to the benefit of Christian salvation, as much as the Europeans? Therefore, it`s possible to realize in Las Casas the viability of the proposal about the absolute respect to the consciences, it`s position in defense to the Indian peoples, the debate about slavery and the search for a peaceful colonization. After all, there were many previous process, dynamics, at their moments, they based habits, dynamics, at their moments they based habits, and dynamics, and at their moments, and they based habits and types of behaviors, which would indicate a new religious awareness. Even though, in the perspective that Las Casas had chosen, it had utopic structure. In this context, religion has become reference regarding the colonial expansion by being sat as core that makes possible the supposed inferiority from the conquered peoples. Therefore, it is going to identify the religious practices from Indian and African people as idolatrous, primitive and irrational, which will lead to the polemic between truth and false religion. Found in the ?Controversies de Valladolid? (1550- 1551), having as background the occurrences from the Protestant Reformation, the new postures from the internal religious orders, as the religiosity of new consequed people, it`s resistance and the process of religious tolerance. / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de aprofundar, a partir do pensamento de Bartolom? de Las Casas (1484-1566), como se desenvolveu o processo de crise religiosa no per?odo de cristandade, que se delineia no empreendimento de conquista e evangeliza??o da Am?rica Espanhola (1492). Ao final do s?culo XV, e in?cio do s?culo XVI, Portugal e Espanha, veem-se na condi??o de recolocar a problem?tica da Salva??o em relev?ncia, ou seja, a pergunta que se imp?e: os novos povos que v?o sendo conhecidos, tem o mesmo direito ao benef?cio da salva??o crist?, tanto quanto os europeus? Portanto, percebe-se em Las Casas a viabilidade da proposta do respeito absoluto ?s consci?ncias, o seu posicionamento na defesa dos povos ind?genas, o debate sobre a escravid?o e a busca por uma coloniza??o pac?fica. Afinal, v?rios processos e din?micas anteriores a ele, e em seu momento alicer?avam pr?ticas e costumes que indicariam uma nova consci?ncia religiosa. Mesmo que, na perspectiva que Las Casas tenha aderido, fosse uma estrutura??o mais assimilacionista e ut?pica. Nesse contexto, a religi?o tornou-se refer?ncia de sentido da expans?o colonial, ao ser instrumentalizada como n?cleo que possibilitaria a suposta inferioridade das popula??es conquistadas. O que caracterizar? a identifica??o das pr?ticas religiosas dos povos ind?genas e africanos como idol?tricas, primitivas e irracionais. O que levar? ? pol?mica entre falsa e verdadeira religi?o. Expressa na chamada Controv?rsia de Valladolid (1550-1551), tendo como pano de fundo as ocorr?ncias da Reforma Protestante, as novas posturas no interno das ordens religiosas, assim, como as religiosidades das novas popula??es conquistadas, sua resist?ncia e o processo de toler?ncia religiosa.