O emprego excessivo e abusivo da força em práticas policiais permeou grande parte dos discursos, realizados em plenário da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1946. Objeto dos debates constituintes configurou-se numa lógica protagonizada entre os parlamentares da situação (PSD) e os da oposição (com destaque, para os do PCB), na qual aqueles argumentaram que o emprego de práticas policiais abusivas e arbitrárias justificava a necessidade de se manter a ordem, enquanto estes afirmaram tratar de práticas policiais contra os operários que lutavam por melhores condições de vida. A partir deste contexto os objetivos foram os de pesquisar as práticas das forças policiais em terras mato-grossenses, com especial atenção no período de 1945 a 1947 fim do Estado Novo, convocação da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e a promulgação das Constituições do Brasil e do Estado de Mato Grosso, e as contribuições dos constituintes às questões da ordem e da segurança. Duas fontes importantes e inéditas, neste tipo de tese, foram intensamente interrogadas; os Boletins Internos das Forças Policiais em Mato Grosso 1945 a 1947 - e os anais da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1946. Os resultados revelaram que as práticas policiais, em terras mato-grossenses, na metade do século XX, foram concentradas na realização dos serviços de construção e manutenção de estradas e pontes, na capital e no interior do Estado de Mato Grosso. Quanto as contribuições dos constituintes, estas foram conservadoras, quando defrontadas com os intensos debates e embates sobre as questões da ordem e da segurança, durante a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1946. Contudo, pela primeira vez na história das constituições brasileiras ficou consignado, na Carta de 1946, as atribuições das forças policiais estaduais as Polícias Militares. Por fim, uma última consideração abordou o emprego dos termos ordem e segurança nos textos legais, durante o período republicano, a qual resultou na inexistência de definição precisa destes, fato que permaneceu com a Carta Magna de 1988. / During the National Constituent Assembly formed on 1946 large portion of the speeches conducted in plenary defended the employment of excessive and abusive force into policing practices. Subject of the constituent debates, this has configured a logic followed up by government party parliamentarians ( PSD ) and opposition ones (highlight given to PCB party), in which those claimed that employment of arbitrary and abusive policing practices was justified by the need of preserving order, while these professed this as policing practices against workers struggling for better living conditions. Objectives established from this portrait aimed at investigating policing practices in Mato Grosso, highlighting the period from 1945 to 1947 - the end of the Estado Novo, Constituent National Assembly summons and the promulgation of Brazilian and Mato Grosso State Constitutions, and at obtaining contributions of the constituent related to order and security issues. To fulfil this thesis the Internal Bulletin of the Police Forces in Mato Grosso - 1945 to 1947 - and the annals of the National Constituent Assembly of 1946, two important and unprecedented sources, were intensely interviewed. As the result it was clear that policing practices that took place in Mato Grosso in the middle of the twentieth century were focused on performing roads and bridges construction and maintenance services in the capital and within the Mato Grosso State. Regarding the contributions of the constituents, these were conservative when facing intense debates and discussions on order and security issues during the National Constituent Assembly of 1946. However, for the first time in Brazilian constitution history the 1946 Charter enshrined the role of the state police forces - the Military Police. Finally, one last consideration on the thesis addressed the usage of the terms order and security in legal texts during the republican period, concerning the resulting lack of their precise definition, a fact that remained unchanged in the Magna Carta of 1988.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Pablo de Las Torres Spinelli Fonseca.pdf: 695241 bytes, checksum: 8d5d1ca4dce078b6a8ad0d7c7a769c90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-08 / Our work has as objective to study the shortness, but important experience of the writer Jorge Amado as one of the producers of the Constitution of 1946, for the PCB, after the experience of the dictatorship of the New State in Brazil. To give account of part of its intense activity we use efforts in dialoguing with diverse areas of Social Sciences, as Sociology, History, Science Critical Politics and the Literary one, disclosing traces of the writer, constituent and active intellectual in its conjuncture in defense of the democracy and the freedom now and always. / Nosso trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a curta, mas importante experi?ncia do escritor Jorge Amado como um dos realizadores da Carta Constitucional de 1946, pelo PCB, ap?s a experi?ncia da ditadura do Estado Novo no Brasil. Para dar conta de parte de sua intensa atividade empregamos esfor?os em dialogar com diversas ?reas das Ci?ncias Sociais, tais como a Sociologia, Hist?ria, Ci?ncia Pol?tica e a Cr?tica Liter?ria, revelando tra?os do escritor, constituinte e intelectual ativo naquela sua conjuntura em defesa da democracia e da liberdade aqui e alhures.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é compreender como a educação se tornou um direito no transcurso do processo da Constituinte, a partir da participação, da mobilização e da ação de um conjunto de sujeitos representantes da sociedade civil, além dos parlamentares eleitos por suas respectivas agremiações partidárias. Procurei identificar a configuração desse direito no processo de sua construção, isto é, quando as pluralidades heterogêneas dos discursos dos sujeitos manifestaram seu caráter dinâmico coincidindo, se chocando ou se tornando convergentes. Nesta perspectiva ganharam realce os silêncios que conferiram opacidade à memória, o registro e os projetos políticos com propostas contrastantes, e ambivalências, dissensos, consensos, pactos e rupturas se estabeleceram em circunstancias históricas específicas. Neste contexto o direito à educação se definiu no âmbito do conflito entre o público e o privado entre os anos de 1985 a 1988. / The aim of this research is to understand how education has been historically established as a right during the constitutional process, based on the analysis of participation, mobilization and action of a representative group from civil society, and parliamentarians elected by their party associations. I sought to identify the process of construction of that right focusing on the heterogeneous plurality of its actors discourses, which expressed their dynamic character coinciding, crashing or being convergent. Some aspects were highlighted, such as the silence which gave opacity to memory, the political records and projects with contrasting proposals and the ambivalences, dissents, consensus, pacts and ruptures that were settled. In this context, the right to education was erected within the conflict between the public and private between the years 1985-1988.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o nacionalismo na vida política da Bolívia contemporânea, em especial no interior do bloco histórico (em sentido gramsciano) popular que se forma a partir de 2000 e que passa a ocupar os principais postos do Estado com a eleição de Evo Morales em 2005. Seu recorte temporal cobre as chamadas guerras antineoliberais (Guerra da Água em 2000, Guerra do Gás em 2003 etc.) e o processo constituinte, que vai da Assembleia Constituinte (2006-2007) até a aprovação da nova carta constitucional em um referendo nacional (2009). A nova constituição inaugura um Estado plurinacional, refletindo uma demanda histórica pelo reconhecimento da pluralidade cultural e institucional do país. A partir de autores que concebem o nacionalismo como expressão de determinado conflito político (Tom Nairn, Ernest Gellner) ou como expressão de experiências históricas populares (Anthony D. Smith), foi possível entender o nacionalismo de maneira ampla. Assim, foi possível estabelecer relações entre o nacionalismo e o indigenismo, analisando este último com algumas categorias pensadas originalmente para o exame do primeiro. Por outro lado, para entender a formação de identidades coletivas nacionais bolivianas, foi necessário recorrer à ideia de tempos sociais que se cruzam em épocas de crise do Estado ou em situações revolucionárias, evitando a categorização étnica. Do ponto de vista empírico, analisou-se os documentos sobre Visão de País formulados pelas 16 agrupações políticas que participaram da constituinte. A análise do período nos levou a três principais considerações finais. Primeiro, há neste bloco histórico uma tensão, que pode levar à sua fragmentação, entre a demanda por maior estatalidade e a demanda por maior autonomia dos setores populares. Segundo, é possível pensar a vigência de certo nacionalismo no país, mesmo em tempos de plurinacionalidade; mas este nacionalismo precisa ser entendido como expressão de uma síntese cunhada em diversidades, não como uma monoculturalidade, que surge a partir de experiências políticas compartilhadas pela sociedade. Terceiro, as teorias de nacionalismo abordadas são desafiadas com o indigenismo boliviano, que nos traz um exemplo de olhar para o passado no qual o elemento irracional não está no apelo ao passado, mas sim no presente. / This dissertation aims to analyze nationalism in Bolivian contemporary political life, in particular within the popular historic bloc (as conceptualized by Gramsci) that emerges from 2000 and, with the election of Evo Morales in 2005, begins to occupy the key positions of the state. Its time frame covers the so-called anti-neoliberal \"wars\" (Water War in 2000, the Gas War in 2003 etc.) and the constitutional process, which runs from the Constituent Assembly (2006-2007) until the approval of new constitution in a national referendum (2009). The new constitution inaugurates a \"plurinational state\", reflecting a historical demand for the recognition of cultural and institutional diversity of the country. From authors who conceive nationalism as an expression of a particular political conflict (Tom Nairn, Ernest Gellner) or as an expression of popular historical experiences (Anthony D. Smith), it was possible to understand nationalism broadly. Thus, it was possible to establish relationships between nationalism and indigenism, analyzing the latter with some categories originally designed to examine the former. On the other hand, to understand the formation of collective national identities, it was necessary to resort to the idea of \"social temporalities\" that intersect in state crisis or revolutionary situations, avoiding ethnic categorization. From the empirical perspective, we analyzed documents on the \"View of the Country\" made by the 16 political groups which participated in the Constituent Assembly. The analysis has led us to three main remarks. First, there is a tension inside this historical block which may lead to its fragmentation: the tension between the demand for greater statality and the demand for greater autonomy of the popular sectors. Second, it is possible to consider valid certain nationalism in Bolivia, even in times of plurinationality; but this nationalism must be understood as an expression of a synthesis of diversity, not as a monoculturality, that emerges from shared political experiences. Third, the discussed theories of nationalism are challenged with the Bolivian indigenism, which brings us an example of \"looking back\" in which the irrational element is not in the appeal to the past, but in the present.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar as formulações políticas, em especial as noções de soberania, no Diário da Assembleia Geral Constituinte e Legislativa do Império, lido no contexto do seu tempo. Imersos no agitado período de transição entre o absolutismo do período colonial e o constitucionalismo que emergia no reino independente, os constituintes de 1823, atentos ao ideário da Revolução Francesa e da Independência das colônias da América do Norte, viram-se envoltos em questões que marcariam a fundação de uma nova ordem política: a primeira girou em torno de decidir quem era o titular da soberania; a segunda, de como se representava essa soberania; e a terceira, de como se limitava seu exercício. Cabe-nos, então, compreender quais os debates que fizeram aparecer o tema e os problemas do conceito de soberania no âmbito da primeira experiência constituinte brasileira. / This study presents an analysis of the political formulations introduced by the Diário da Assembleia Geral Constituinte e Legislativa do Império (Journal of the Constituent and Legislative General Assembly of the Empire). We are particularly concerned with the different conceptions of sovereignty advanced in the text, which is investigated within the context of the time period of its production. In the midst of the turbulent transition from colonial absolutism to constitutionalism in the independent kingdom, the constituents of 1823 were conversant with the ideas that animated the French Revolution and the Independence of the North American Colonies. As a result, several questions emerged during the constituent process who should be the holder of sovereignty; how should sovereignty be represented; and how to limit the exercise of sovereignty , leaving their mark on the foundations of the new political order in Brazil. We thus examine the debates that brought to light the thematic and the issues surrounding the concept of sovereignty during the first Brazilian Constituent Assembly.

This study examined the effects of drought on the City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department’s (SBMWD’s) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) wastewater flow rates and constituent concentrations. The study utilized data obtained from the SBMWD’s monthly discharge monitoring reports (DMRs), dating from 2007 to 2015. For each report the SBMWD Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) and Rapid Infiltration and Extraction (RIX) facility influent and effluent flow rates, along with concentrations of ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were examined. Even though influent and effluent flow rates were examined for both WRP and RIX facilities, a majority of the flow-rate research concentrated on WRP influent flow rates because changes of influent flow rates cascade down the treatment process from WRP influent flow rates to RIX effluent flow rates. Impacts of the drought were analyzed by comparing drought statistics, for the Riverside-San Bernardino area, to influent flow rate trends and relevant constituent concentrations. Relevant constituent data were determined based on if they were discharged near their National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit limits. Pearson Correlation Analyses were used to assess any relationships between influent flow rates and relevant constituents. WRP influent flow rates and TIN concentrations were the only two parameters explored by this project that exhibited measurable changes related to the drought. WRP influent flow rates observed an inverse relationship with drought because persisting drought conditions led to decreased wastewater flow rates. TIN concentrations had a positive relationship with drought conditions based on the inverse correlation between influent flow rates, and the graphical relationship between drought conditions and TIN concentrations. The Pearson correlation coefficient for TIN concentrations and influent flow rates was -0.630 with a p-value less than 0.05, which is a strong negative relationship. Inconsistencies were observed during 2010 and 2011, which were non-drought periods. During non-drought periods it was expected that flow rates would be highest and constituent concentrations would be lowest. This was not the case because during 2010 and 2011 flow rates were lowest and TIN concentrations were highest, contradicting all other data. The drought-related justification for these abnormalities was that the implementation of the 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan, a California water management plan enacted in 2009, increased water conservation and reduced wastewater flow rates. However, there are many other factors that were not explored by this project that could have led to decreased wastewater flow rates, such as housing foreclosure rates peaking during 2010. Further studies are recommended.

[pt] O presente estudo objetiva comparar os mecanismos da súmula vinculante no direito brasileiro e do stare decisis no direito norte americano. Adota-se uma perspectiva apoiada no direito constitucional comparado para apresentar as diferenças mais marcantes encontradas entre os dois mecanismos. A súmula vinculante é analisada enquanto um precedente judicial com uma peculiar eficácia normativa obrigatória e dentro de uma abordagem teórico-comparativa entre os sistemas de civil law e common law. A comparação é ponto chave para a porção crítica do trabalho, vez que os pontos de atrito entre os dois mecanismos servem de indício do maior fechamento aristocrático que o mecanismo brasileiro promove. No início do trabalho, a tensão moderna entre poder constituinte e poder constituído, bem como as opções políticas entre conflito e supressão do conflito e entre recurso ao povo e atribuição da guarda da constituição a um poder constituído são exploradas. A tensão é retomada na análise do constitucionalista Mark Tushnet, a partir de classificação do sistema norte americano de revisão judicial. O sistema de controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro, composto, entre outros mecanismos, pela súmula vinculante, é, então, identificado com um poder de revisão judicial super forte, no qual a tensão entre o papel judicial de garantia da prevalência das limitações constitucionais e a democracia é elevada ao máximo grau. / [en] The analysis aims at comparing the institutes of súmula vinculante in the Brazilian legal system and stare decisis in the U.S. legal system. Assuming that there has been a reception of the theory of legal precedentes by the Brazilian system, a comparative constitutional law approach presents us the most important differences between the two mechanisms. This appoach allows us to analyze the súmula vinculante as a judicial precedent with a peculiar binding authority and as an interseccion between the civil law and common law systems. Comparison is key to the critical portion of the analysis because the latter is utimately based upon the major diferences between the institutes. The spotting of such differences works as evidence for the argument that the Brazilian mechanism promotes a deeper aristocratic blokage of democratic force of revolutionary innovation. In the first chapters, the tension between constituent power and constituted powers, as well as the opposing political options of conflict versus supression of conflict; and of appealing to the people versus establishing the courts as the bulwarks of a limited constitution will be presented. The aforementioned tension is further explored with the aid of the theory of Professor Mark Tushnet on weak and strong form judicial review. Departing from his classification of the U.S. system of judicial review as a strong form judicial review, the Brazilian system of judicial review, composed of the súmula vinculante among other institutes, is identified as a super strong form of judicial review due to its promotion of an exacerbation of the tension between the judicial power to enforce constitutional limitations and democratic self-governance.

Compounding, constructing new words out of previously known words by means of simple concatenation mostly, can be counted as one of the major word production mechanisms in the majority of languages. Their importance in the history of human languages warrants a detailed study with respect to the language faculty and related cognitive aspects. In the last decade, compound production as well as comprehension have become highly debated and investigated areas of research. Morphological priming is one frequently employed paradigm for the investigation of compounding. Whether morphologically complex words undergo a decomposition-composition process, respectively, during comprehension and production or whether they are all listed in full form in the lexicon is one key question hitherto addressed in several studies related to English, German, Dutch and Chinese nominal compound words. The present study is concerned with compound production in Turkish. Various types of Turkish compounds were investigated ((i) bare JCs (

Užsakovams pritaikytų gaminių projektavimo procesas šiuo metu yra paplitęs mašinų gamyboje ir kitose pramonės šakose. Šio proceso metu gaminio konstrukcija keičiama atsižvelgiant į užsakovo poreikius. Tokie gaminiai yra metalo ir medžio apdirbimo staklės, liftai, eskalatoriai, kranai, sunkvežimiai ir pan. Nors pritaikytas pagal poreikius gaminys yra brangesnis už serijiniu būdu padarytus gaminius, tačiau jis žymiai pigesnis už vienetinius gaminius. Mašinų ir įrenginių konstrukcijos projektams sudaryti iš sudedamųjų dalių yra naudojami gaminio konfigūravimo metodai. Šių metodų pagrindinis trūkumas yra tas, kad papildyti gaminio konfigūravimo modelį yra sudėtinga. Kuriant naujus gaminių konstrukcijų variantus yra naudojamos tik modelyje esančios sudedamosios dalys, bet nenumatomas būdas kurti naują konstrukcijos projektą iš labiausiai panašios modelyje esančios gaminio konstrukcijos. Nepakankamai įvertinama, kad gaminio konfigūravimo modelis dažnai keičiamas ir tobulinamas. Taip pat reikalinga galimybė gaminio konfigūravimo modelyje kurti naujas sudedamąsias dalis, plečiant gaminių pasiūlą ir atsiradus naujiems užsakovų poreikiams. Šio darbo tikslas – sukurti gaminio konstrukcijos variantų sudarymo ir parinkimo metodą, kurį taikant būtų greičiau ir lengviau kuriami nauji gaminio konstrukcijos modelio variantai naudojant sudedamąsias dalis, jų savybes ir galimų ryšių tarp sudedamųjų dalių ribojimus. Siekiant tikslo, buvo sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: ištirti esamus gaminio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In modern business of machine manufacturing, there is a growing tendency towards design of custom tailored products. The construction of the product usually is changed during the customization according to the requirements of the customer. The examples of such products are refrigerators, metal and wood processing machines, elevators, escalators, hoisting cranes, trucks, etc. Customizable products of this type are more expensive than mass or batch produced ones, but they are much less expensive than one-off or small batch production. The product configuration methods are used for creating construction variants. These methods contain two main phases: initially a set of all available variants of product construction are modeled, later a specific product variant is selected with respect to the customer’s criteria. This set of all product variants is further called the product configuration model. If there is no such construction variant that meets customer’s requirements in the product configuration model created in advance, then the new variant has to be designed and included into the configuration model. The aim of this work is to develop the method for defining variants of product’s construction. Using this method, new variants of product construction model should be created faster and easier, being composed from the constituent parts, their properties, and constraints defining relations of the parts. Following tasks were accomplished in this work: to analyze the existing... [to full text]

In modern business of machine manufacturing, there is a growing tendency towards design of custom tailored products. The construction of the product usually is changed during the customization according to the requirements of the customer. The examples of such products are refrigerators, metal and wood processing machines, elevators, escalators, hoisting cranes, trucks, etc. Customizable products of this type are more expensive than mass or batch produced ones, but they are much less expensive than one-off or small batch production. The product configuration methods are used for creating construction variants. These methods contain two main phases: initially a set of all available variants of product construction are modeled, later a specific product variant is selected with respect to the customer’s criteria. This set of all product variants is further called the product configuration model. If there is no such construction variant that meets customer’s requirements in the product configuration model created in advance, then the new variant has to be designed and included into the configuration model. The aim of this work is to develop the method for defining variants of product’s construction. Using this method, new variants of product construction model should be created faster and easier, being composed from the constituent parts, their properties, and constraints defining relations of the parts. Following tasks were accomplished in this work: to analyze the existing... [to full text] / Užsakovams pritaikytų gaminių projektavimo procesas šiuo metu yra paplitęs mašinų gamyboje ir kitose pramonės šakose. Šio proceso metu gaminio konstrukcija keičiama atsižvelgiant į užsakovo poreikius. Tokie gaminiai yra metalo ir medžio apdirbimo staklės, liftai, eskalatoriai, kranai, sunkvežimiai ir pan. Nors pritaikytas pagal poreikius gaminys yra brangesnis už serijiniu būdu padarytus gaminius, tačiau jis žymiai pigesnis už vienetinius gaminius. Mašinų ir įrenginių konstrukcijos projektams sudaryti iš sudedamųjų dalių yra naudojami gaminio konfigūravimo metodai. Šių metodų pagrindinis trūkumas yra tas, kad papildyti gaminio konfigūravimo modelį yra sudėtinga. Kuriant naujus gaminių konstrukcijų variantus yra naudojamos tik modelyje esančios sudedamosios dalys, bet nenumatomas būdas kurti naują konstrukcijos projektą iš labiausiai panašios modelyje esančios gaminio konstrukcijos. Nepakankamai įvertinama, kad gaminio konfigūravimo modelis dažnai keičiamas ir tobulinamas. Taip pat reikalinga galimybė gaminio konfigūravimo modelyje kurti naujas sudedamąsias dalis, plečiant gaminių pasiūlą ir atsiradus naujiems užsakovų poreikiams. Šio darbo tikslas – sukurti gaminio konstrukcijos variantų sudarymo ir parinkimo metodą, kurį taikant būtų greičiau ir lengviau kuriami nauji gaminio konstrukcijos modelio variantai naudojant sudedamąsias dalis, jų savybes ir galimų ryšių tarp sudedamųjų dalių ribojimus. Siekiant tikslo, buvo sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: ištirti esamus gaminio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]