There are certain issues - such as violence, sexuality, politics and religion - which are problematic but have to be dealt with in society. In this dissertation types of controversial issues present in recent Afrikaans youth literature, the portrayal of those issues, and the ways in which solutions are offered for these issues are investigated. The argument follows from the assumption that the literature which the adolescent reads, has a directive value. Quite often the reader will choose to read material about a certain situation with which the reader is also faced in real life. It may be easy for the reader to identify with a character in similar circumstances or facing the same dilemma. Through the actions of the character, the reader can then explore certain avenues or possibilities which have the potential to be helpful in the solution of the problem or issue. For this dissertation research was done about certain controversial issues and related aspects in literature in general, which are then applied to three youth novels: Skilpoppe (1998) by Barrie Hough, Daar's vis in die punch (2002) by Jackie Nagtegaal and Nie vir kinders nie (2005) by Francois Bloemhof. These three texts were chosen because all three of them have generated public discussion, specifically in the media, about the presence of controversial issues. The results indicate the portrayal of the controversial issues to be unbiased and from a non-judgemental authoring perspective. The presence of the text internal corrective, which refers to the portrayal of a certain issue thereby giving it an outcome (positive or negative) or an alternative, is noticeable and is discussed in this dissertation. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

La notion de juridiction gracieuse est traditionnellement rattachée à l’activité du juge civil. Le juge administratif connaît pourtant d’une activité gracieuse a côté de son activité contentieuse. Entendue comme l’activité du juge en dehors de tout litige, elle est peu étudiée en droit administratif, mais largement analysée en droit judiciaire privé. Il pourtant est intéressant de comparer la manière dont les juges envisagent leur office dans le cadre gracieux, et d’approfondir les points communs et les divergences entre les deux régimes juridiques. Le développement d’une telle activité peut cependant apparaître paradoxal à l’heure où les tribunaux sont toujours plus engorgés et l’attrait pour les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges, toujours plus développé. La progression de l’activité d’homologation de certains actes administratifs et notamment des transactions peut cependant permettre d’éviter la longueur d’un procès. Cette nouvelle procédure peut ainsi favoriser le renouvellement du principe de sécurité juridique et d’envisager sous un nouvel angle la définition de la fonction juridictionnelle du juge administratif. / The notion of non-contentious jurisdiction is traditionally connected to the activity of the civil judge. Still, the administrative judge administers contentious as well as non-contentious justice. Understood as the activity of the judge outside of any litigation, it is little studied in administrative law but widely examined in private judiciary law. Nevertheless, it is interesting to compare the way judges consider their office in a non-contentious frame as well as analyse further the common points and the differences between the two juridical regimes. However, the development of such an activity can appear paradoxical when courts keep being more and more congested and when the attraction for alternative ways of settling disputes keeps developing. Yet, the progression of the certification activity of some administrative acts, including transactions, can make it possible to avoid the length of a trial. This new procedure can thus favor the renewal of the principle of juridical security and makes it possible to consider from a new point of view the definition of the jurisdictional function of the administrative judge.

Evidence in civil contentious proceedings with regard to the accusatorial principle Abstract The goal of this master's thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principle of civil contentious proceedings - the accusatorial principle, according to which the activities of process subjects are guided in the context of evidence. Under this principle, Czech courts look for facts to the extent claimed by parties because they have a decisive role in contentious proceedings. The parties to the proceedings develop the legal proceeding through their mutual adversarial activities and are responsible for establishing the facts, as the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion lays on them. The court has to make an objective and impartial decision on the basis of the gathered evidence in the civil litigation. If neither party is sufficiently active, they are at risk of an unsuccessful outcome of the litigation. However, the accusatorial principle is modified by law and other procedural principles. Exceptions are therefore allowed, and on their basis the court may intervene and provide their own additional evidence. The law allows it on the basis of two cumulative conditions - evidence must be necessary for establishing the facts and the basis for the taking evidence must be in the file. The...

L'obligation de prendre des mesures de police administrative initiales se révèle particulièrement importante dans certains ordres publics. Cette recherche a pour finalité d'analyser le rôle du juge administratif dans son contrôle en matière environnementale. À cet effet, les ordres juridiques français, chilien et espagnol sont envisagés. L'étude montre que les causes de l'asymétrie de ce contrôle dans les contentieux objectif et subjectif sont partagées par ces différents systèmes juridictionnels. Cette asymétrie -déjà constatée devant certains troubles à l'ordre public s'explique par les caractéristiques spécifiques des missions de police en matière environnementale. Le contrôle du juge administratif impose la prise en compte de ces aspects, afin de donner cohérence à ces différentes procédures contentieuses. / The duty to take an initial administrative action is particularly important in some domains of public order. This research analyzes the judge's role in the control of this administrative action in environmental matters. For this purpose, the French, Chilean and Spanish legal systems are envisaged. The study shows that the causes of asymmetric control in subjective and in objective lawsuits are shared among the said jurisdictional systems. Such asymmetry -already observed in some disorders to public order-responds to the administrative authorities' specific features in environmental matters. Judicial review of administrative action requires taking these features into account, in order to give coherence to these various contentious procedures.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Giovanoni Di Mauro.pdf: 912780 bytes, checksum: efcacae06067333fc82ea3a7d7f7dc50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-25 / This thesis aims to recognize the judge powers regarding the flexibility of civil proceedings on the Statute of Children and Adolescents. In this area, the caput of article 153 of Law n. 8.069/90, and its sole paragraph, they become the legal instruments that legitimize such procedural flexibility, in order that the children and adolescents effective overall protection is a reality. It follows that the interpretation methods assume a significant role, because they reveal the real meaning and significance of the words above the legal provisions. The use of hermeneutics shows that the ex officio role in the proceedings of voluntary jurisdiction, supported, including Article 1109 of the Code of Civil Procedure, is a response to the need for simplification of the procedural acts and the adequacy of the procedural sequence requires that each factual situation. On the other hand, as for the acting ex officio to the procedures of contentious jurisdiction, the use of interpretative methods in the study of Article 153 and its sole paragraph, of the Children and Adolescents statute, shows that the relaxation is subject to the approval of the litigants as well as the prosecutor when it is not a party. Protection (constitutional and infraconstitutional) focused on children and adolescents inspires effectiveness in adjudication, justifying the use of procedural flexibility. It is not about permission to arbitrariness, but breaking the excessive formalism, which enables the concentration of process and change as a result of such acts, so that the full protection of the child comes true, no violation of the principles and procedural lien / O presente trabalho objetiva reconhecer os poderes do juiz no que tange à flexibilização dos procedimentos civis sujeitos ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Nessa seara, o caput do artigo 153 da Lei n. 8.069/90, bem como o seu parágrafo único, vêm a ser os instrumentos legais que legitimam tal flexibilização procedimental, visando que a efetiva proteção integral da criança e do adolescente seja uma realidade. Do exposto resulta que os métodos de interpretação assumem um significativo papel, pois revelam o real sentido e alcance das palavras do dispositivo legal supramencionado. O emprego da hermenêutica evidencia que a atuação ex officio nos procedimentos de jurisdição voluntária, amparada, inclusive, no artigo 1.109 do Código de Processo Civil, é uma resposta à necessidade de simplificação dos atos processuais e à adequação da sequência procedimental que cada situação fática exige. Por outro lado, quanto à atuação ex officio nos procedimentos de jurisdição contenciosa, o emprego dos métodos de interpretação no estudo do artigo 153 e seu parágrafo único, do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, demonstra que a flexibilização está condicionada à anuência dos litigantes, bem como do Ministério Público, quando não for parte. A proteção (constitucional e infraconstitucional) voltada às crianças e aos adolescentes inspira a efetividade na prestação jurisdicional, justificando o emprego da flexibilização procedimental. Não se trata de permissão à arbitrariedade, mas de ruptura do excesso de formalismo, que possibilita a concentração de atos processuais e a mudança na sequência de tais atos, para que a proteção integral do menor se concretize, sem a violação dos princípios e garantias processuais

Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

When youth novels were first written, Afrikaans speaking adolescents spent their time reading the original and absorbing youth novels then available. These suited their psychological and environmental development and they could identify with the language and style used in these novels. The contents were a representation of a world which they knew and in which they could feel secure. Although authors often dealt with issues relevant to the adolescent world, the plot reflected a secure and nurturing world where the readers and their life experiences were taken into account. In recent years the adolescent world has changed dramatically from a secure environment to a more exposed one, posing the question whether contemporary Afrikaans youth novels have retained the same traits mentioned earlier and answer to the same norms. The value of literature should never be underestimated; it can develop the imaginative skills and moral values of adolescent readers. Also, it has become clear that adolescents have a great need for reading material that deals with relevant issues. The main focus of this study is characterization and development of identity in selected youth novels by Barrie Hough, viz. My kat word herfs, Vlerkdans and Skilpoppe as revealed in textual analysis and empirical research. The literature study focuses on developmental psychology and the reading expectations of the adolescent, character development according to some narrative theories, e.g. reader response criticism and intertextuality theories. The main objective of this study is to analyze, interpret and evaluate the above three youth novels in order to establish whether or not the contemporary adolescent can identify with these specific stories. It has been found that the adolescent reader in the early years of the twenty first century is able to identify with the contemporary youth novels such as those by Barrie Hough. Although young readers do not want to steer clear of contentious themes and issues in youth novels, it seems that they still prefer evergreen classical topics and themes. This suggests that the modern adolescent is still positive about life and aspires to attain goodness and moral strength. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006

There are certain issues - such as violence, sexuality, politics and religion - which are problematic but have to be dealt with in society. In this dissertation types of controversial issues present in recent Afrikaans youth literature, the portrayal of those issues, and the ways in which solutions are offered for these issues are investigated. The argument follows from the assumption that the literature which the adolescent reads, has a directive value. Quite often the reader will choose to read material about a certain situation with which the reader is also faced in real life. It may be easy for the reader to identify with a character in similar circumstances or facing the same dilemma. Through the actions of the character, the reader can then explore certain avenues or possibilities which have the potential to be helpful in the solution of the problem or issue. For this dissertation research was done about certain controversial issues and related aspects in literature in general, which are then applied to three youth novels: Skilpoppe (1998) by Barrie Hough, Daar's vis in die punch (2002) by Jackie Nagtegaal and Nie vir kinders nie (2005) by Francois Bloemhof. These three texts were chosen because all three of them have generated public discussion, specifically in the media, about the presence of controversial issues. The results indicate the portrayal of the controversial issues to be unbiased and from a non-judgemental authoring perspective. The presence of the text internal corrective, which refers to the portrayal of a certain issue thereby giving it an outcome (positive or negative) or an alternative, is noticeable and is discussed in this dissertation. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

La thèse s'attache à rendre compte des conditions pratiques et symboliques d'appropriation par les étudiants grévistes de la seconde moitié des années 2000 en France d'une forme d'organisation, l'assemblée générale (AG), qui fait partie de leur répertoire contestataire depuis les années 1960. Il s'agit ainsi de comprendre comment des formes d'action se reproduisent d'une mobilisation à l'autre, c'est-à-dire comment des acteurs en viennent à avoir recours à l'une plutôt qu'à d'autres qu'ils connaissent, comment ils en font l'apprentissage et comment ils la transforment à la marge en la pratiquant. Elle s'appuie principalement sur une enquête ethnographique menée sur les mobilisations qu'ont connu trois sites universitaires entre 2006 et 2010. Les usages des AG sont façonnés par les luttes internes aux groupes sociaux, politiques et syndicaux impliqués dans l'espace de ces mobilisations, de sorte que leur succès tient à la fois à une entreprise symbolique de justification de ces dernières au nom de la « démocratie » par des courants minoritaires, et à leur plasticité. Elles sont en effet investies de toute une palette de rôles – qui n'ont parfois rien à voir avec des normes « démocratiques ». Elles sont ainsi promues par des militants auxquelles elles permettent d'avoir le sentiment de peser sur une masse d'étudiants, et cela d'autant plus qu'ils appartiennent à de petites organisations qui sont loin de pouvoir mobiliser autant d'adhérents. / This dissertation illuminates the practical and symbolic conditions of appropriation of general assemblies (assemblées générales – AG) by striking students in the second half of the 2000s in France. This mode of organization has been part of their contentious repertoire since the 1960s. It tries to understand the recurrence of ways of action from a mobilization to another, that is, how actors come to resort to one of them instead of others they know, how they learn how to practice it and how they slightly transform it in the process. It is mostly based on an ethnographic investigation about the mobilizations of three higher education sites between 2006 and 2010. The uses of AG are shaped by internal conflicts among the social, political and union groups which are involved in the space of these mobilizations, so that their success stems from both the symbolic entreprise of justification of them in the sake of « democracy » by minority currents, and their plasticity. Indeed, they play a whole set of roles – which sometimes have nothing to do with « democratic » norms. They are promoted by activists to whom they give the feeling that they influence a mass of students, especially as they belong to organizations which are far from being able to mobilize as many members.