The incidence rate of HIV among Black males having sex with Black males (BMSM) is high compared to that of other racial groups. Researchers have established the association between inappropriate sexual practices, age, income, and environmental determinants and HIV positive status among BMSM. Guided by resilience theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV risk behavior and resiliency with the goal of identifying a new intervention to mitigate the HIV infection rate in the BMSM community. The theoretical framework used for this study was the resilience theory. This theory is concern with the phenomenon of why some people thrive after period of catastrophic adversity while others do not. A quantitative research design was used to test for a correlation between psychosocial resilience and HIV risk behavior. Fifty seven respondents were included in the study, 28 who were HIV positive, and 29 who were HIV negative. The Risky Behavior Questionnaire and the Resilience Survey were used to collect study data. The main study finding was a significant correlation between resilience and sex-related HIV risk behaviors, including unprotected sex, a lack of awareness of HIV status, multiple male sexual partners, and alcohol and drug use during sex. According to study findings, BMSM with higher resilience might be less likely to engage in sex-related HIV risk behaviors than those with low resilience. Strategies to mitigate HIV transmission could include resilience training. The benefit to the society would be reduced HIV infections transmission due to reduced risky HIV behaviors. The population social change would be the importance of the resiliency practice among BMSM in an effort to dispel the fear about the disease.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / The harsh economic environment, lack of adequate caregiving resources, lack of psychosocial support structures poses as some of the challenge’s families caring for the children with special needs face. In exploring the experiences, perceptions and coping strategies applied by families caring for children with special needs care, the study sought to explore the (physical, social, psychological, emotional, financial) experiences of caring for a child with special needs and their experiences of access to services (healthcare, education, social). The caregiver’s perceptions of family, service providers and community member’s reactions towards their children with special needs and the coping strategies applied by families when caring for their child with special needs were also included in this study.

Arbetslivet beskrevs som flexibelt och inhyrning av bemanningssjuksköterskor var högst aktuellt inom den svenska sjukvården. Bemanningssjuksköterskor ställdes inför ständigt nya arbetsuppgifter samt sociala interaktioner. Tidigare forskning visade att coping-strategier var en nödvändighet för att hantera stressorerna som medföljer yrket. Studiens syfte innefattade att ta reda på vilka strategier bemanningssjuksköterskor använder, vilka redan befinner sig i en stressfull arbetsmiljö, för att klara av sina arbetsuppgifter samt de sociala sammanhangen på nya arbetsplatser. En tematisk analys utkristalliserade fyra strategier för att klara av sina arbetsuppgifter och tre strategier för att klara av de sociala sammanhangen på nya arbetsplatser. Studien kom fram till att strategier är nödvändiga inom yrket som bemanningssjuksköterska, men även för att kompensera för bristerna som medföljer den temporära anställningsformen och för deras anställningsbarhet. Studiens resultat skiljde sig från resultat som erhållits från tidigare forskning då den belyste bemanningssjuksköterskors arbetssituation i relation till både det uppgiftsorienterade och sociala inom arbetslivet.

Bakgrund: Anestesisjuksköterskans främsta uppgift vid traumalarm är att säkra fria luftvägar. Hur anestesisjuksköterskor hanterar dessa situationer är individuellt och vårdandet ställer krav på teamarbete, tydlig kommunikation, ledarskap och möjlighet till debriefing. Tidigare forskning visar att dessa element är viktiga för att skydda patientsäkerheten under traumalarm. Syfte: Att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelser av traumalarm på akutmottagning och hur de hanterar dessa situationer. Metod: Kvalitativ ansats med beskrivande design. Ändamålsenligt urval har använts för att inkludera tio anestesisjuksköterskor från två sjukhus i Mellansverige. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Data har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Huvudresultat: I resultatet framkom tre huvudkategorier; Trygghet i yrkesprofessionen, Teamarbetes betydelse och Debriefing och beskrivna under åtta subkategorier; Att känna sig mentalt förberedd, Att känna trygghet i yrkesrollen, Att behålla lugnet, Att ha ett koncept att följa, Att ha ett tydligt ledarskap, Att ha en tydlig kommunikation, Att få prata med kollegor och att få återkoppling på sin insats, vilka speglade anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelser av traumalarm på akutmottagning samt hur de hanterade dessa situationer. Slutsats: Anestesisjuksköterskorna beskrev en mental trygghet i yrkesrollen baserad på tidigare erfarenheter. Teamarbete och tydlig kommunikation var viktigt för samarbetet vid traumalarm. Otydligt ledarskap och brist på struktur bidrog till minskat samarbete. Det framkom även att debriefing med kollegor var betydelsefullt. Formell debriefing och mer tid för återkoppling och traumateamövningar efterfrågades. / Background: The main task of nurse anaesthetists during trauma calls is to secure the patients airway. How they experience and handle these situations are individual and depend on teamwork, communication, leadership and the possibility for debriefing. Previous studies have shown that these elements are of importance to ensure patient safety during trauma calls. Aim: To describe nurse anaesthetist’s experiences of trauma calls on the emergency room and how they cope with these situations. Method: Qualitative approach and descriptive design was used. Ten nurse anaesthetists from two hospitals in the middle part of Sweden were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Findings: Based on the data collected three main categories emerged; Confident in the profession, The role of teamwork and Debriefing. These categories were described in eight subcategories; To be mentally prepared, To feel confident in the profession, To keep calm, To have a concept to follow, To have clear leadership, To have direct communication, To talk with colleagues and To get feedback on their efforts. These reflected nurse anaesthetist’s experiences of trauma calls in the emergency room and how they manage these situations. Conclusion: The nurse anaesthetists described mental confidence in the profession based on previous experience. Teamwork and communication was of importance for the cooperation in the emergency room, while unclear leadership and lack of structure contributed to less collaboration. It also emerged that debriefing with colleagues were of importance. Formal debriefing and more time for feedback were demanded.

The World Health Organization states that violence against women in intimate relationships is a serious threat to women's health. There is a substantial amount of research regarding the consequences of domestic violence. However, less is known about the emotional challenges that women face as a result of the violence and the strategies used to cope with distressing feelings. This scoping review aimed to explore and unfold common emotional challenges women may encounter after the end of a violent relationship as well as the strategies that they might use to cope with their feelings. Painful emotions such as anger, desire for revenge, shame and guilt were found to challenge women emotionally. Many women were also prone to create a wall of protection in relation to others. The challenge to trust men and the need for constant control made it difficult to nurture existing relationships. In addition, women used strategies such as positive thinking, support from peers and professionals, deeper understanding and refocusing to manage these distressing feelings. A problematization of the concept of recovery appeared because of its implication that there is an end date to when the women should have "recovered" from the violence. This false image created an additional feeling of guilt and shame for the women because of the sense of failure if they needed help again later in life. A greater understanding of what can promote as well as hinder the journey towards well-being among battered women is seen as substantial for professionals in order to meet their needs in recovery.

Arbetslivet kan vara en plats där man får utveckla sin kompetens, möta och samspela med människor. Dock är inte allt frid och fröjd för alla i arbetslivet, det finns lagar som ska följas för att upprätthålla en god arbetsmiljö som inte alltid efterlevs. I ett land som Sverige finns det också en stor mångfald i arbetslivet med olika bakgrunder. När man är del av den mångfalden kan man också bli den som sticker ut då man inte tillhör majoriteten. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka rasifierade kvinnors erfarenheter av diskriminering och mikroaggressioner på arbetsplatsen, samt vilka olika strategier kvinnorna utvecklar för att hantera mikroaggressioner. Med ett socialpsykologiskt betraktelsesätt studeras detta med hjälp av teorier om postkolonialism och social identitet. Utöver teorierna inkluderas även begrepp såsom intersektionalitet, coping och mikroaggressioner. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med rasifierade kvinnor i åldrarna 20 till 40 år som har erfarenhet av vårt valda fenomen genomfördes. Resultaten visar att de flesta svarande beskrev att etnisk diskriminering förekom "under ytan". Det förekom synliga mikroaggressioner riktade mot deras etniska bakgrund som skämtkommentarer med rasistiska undertoner. De upplevde även en kombination av båda aspekterna, men det har varit avgörande beroende på sammanhanget. Copingstrategier, emotionella och konfronterande, var ett alternativ som våra respondenter använde när det kom till att hantera svåra situationer på jobbet. Resultatet indikerade också att de intersektionella positionerna kön och etnicitet haft en betydande roll för hur kvinnorna har blivit behandlade. / Worklife can be a place where you can develop your skills, meet and interact with people. However, not everything is peace and joy for everyone in the worklife, there are laws that must be followed to maintain a good working environment that is not always complied with. In a country like Sweden, there is also a great diversity in working life with different backgrounds. When you are part of that diversity, you can also be the one who stands out as you do not belong to the majority. The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine racialized women's experiences of discrimination and microaggression in the workplace, as well as the different strategies women develop to deal with microaggression. With a social psychological approach, this is studied with the help of theories of postcolonialism and social identity. In addition to the theories, concepts such as intersectionality, coping and micro-aggressions are also included. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with racialized women aged 20 to 40 who have experience of our chosen phenomenon. The results show that most respondents described that ethnic discrimination existed "below the surface". There were visible micro-aggressions directed at their ethnic background as joke comments with racist undertones. They also experienced a combination of both aspects, but it has been crucial depending on the context. Coping strategies, emotional and confrontational, were an option that our respondents used when it came to dealing with difficult situations at work. The results also indicated that the intersectional positions of gender and ethnicity played a significant role in how women were treated.

Background: The football industry is a giant economic driver in the world with the English Premier League being the one with the largest following worldwide. Recently, the Premier League club Manchester City FC got charged with over 100 breaches of the leagues financial fair play rules invoking discussion and reactions among fans. This provides an opportunity to conduct research of social identity threat situations of a real-time event. Therefore, the study of Manchester City FC fans is a valid case to contribute to the understanding of British football fans´ reactions to social identity threats and coping strategies.  Purpose: This study aims to explore the reaction and coping mechanisms of football fans as their supported club has been accused of potential rule-breaking activities. Method: The study is following an interpretivist approach through a single case study. A qualitative content analysis method is used to analyse the data gathered through a Manchester City online forum. The data is analysed through manual coding, where the sub-categories emerge from the raw codes gathered from the Manchester City online forum. Conclusion: This study suggests that social mobility is not prominent amongst Manchester City FC fans in the occurrence of this Social Identity Threat, while aggressive coping strategies such as Social Competition and Social Creativity are prominent in the analysis of the sample. The study also supports previous research identifying humour as a prominent coping strategy and identifies similarities between British sports fan and sports fans in other cultures.

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As more companies in the resource-intensive fashion industry start their transition journeys towards circular business models (CBMs), driven by social and regulatory pressures, understanding how companies navigate this transformative process is crucial. This thesis contributes to prevailing research by analysing the challenges faced by linear companies in the fashion industry when adopting more circular models through various initiatives, dividing them by the CBM they apply, and considering their corresponding solutions to these challenges. By interviewing nine companies and four industry experts, we investigated the CBMs: product life extension, circular supplies, resource recovery, and product-as-a-service. Our findings indicate some common challenges include uncertain market demands, high costs and complex logistics, which caused profitability concerns and impeded companies’ transitions. Meanwhile, some challenges were CBM or company-specific. Companies employing circular supplies and resource recovery models faced cost considerations related to material price and availability, while product life extension models struggled with material access and limitations within the organisation or network. Significant market challenges were observed for the product-as-a-service model. To cope with these challenges, companies maintained small-scale CBMs and/or gradually scaled them based on changing circumstances or built collaborative networks within the value chain. Strengthening internal human capital was another coping strategy.

Background Nursing professional health courses have been reported to be very exhaustive and stressful, with most nursing students reporting moderate levels of stress. Purpose This study was designed to compare the spiritual well-being, coping strategies, psychological well-being, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation between Taiwanese and Australian nursing students. Methods Three hundred eighty-one nursing students (180 from Taiwan and 201 from Australia) were recruited for this cross-sectional comparative research study. The Psychological Well-being Scale, Spiritual Well-being Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory Short-Form, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Zung Depression Scale, and Brief Screen for Adolescent Depression Scale were used to collect data. SPSS 27.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive data analysis, chi-square tests, independent t test, Pearson correlations, and stepwise multiple regressions were used to examine the research questions. Results Students in Australia had higher mean scores than Taiwanese nursing students for psychological well-being, life satisfaction/self-actualization, and using problem-focused disengagement coping strategies, whereas Taiwanese students had higher mean scores for using emotion-focused engagement coping strategies and depression than their Australian nursing students. Spiritual well-being and problem-focused disengagement were shown to be significantly and positively related to psychological well-being and significantly and negatively related to anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in both groups. No significant difference between Australian students and Taiwanese students was found in anxiety, suicidal ideation, and negative-emotion-related alcohol use. Conclusions/Implications for Practice The multiple regressions performed in this study support life satisfaction/self-actualization and the emotion-focused disengagement coping strategy as significant predictors of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in both student groups. The findings of this study help nursing program faculty better understand the key factors of influence on nursing student mental health and provide a conceptual framework for using problem-focused coping strategies and spiritual education on students.