Costas Dimitriadis (1879-1943) est l’artiste grec le plus célèbre sur le plan international de la première moitié du XXe siècle, entre Paris et Athènes. Par ses fonctions, il contribua à la création et à la modernisation des institutions artistiques publiques grecques, en assumant de 1930 à sa mort, la direction de l’École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts d’Athènes. Dans cette thèse, nous racontons la vie de Dimitriadis en Roumélie Orientale, où il est né, et puis à Athènes, dans le premier atelier libre où il fit son apprentissage et ses études à l’École des Beaux-Arts. Ensuite, nous suivons la trace de ses premiers pas en Europe ainsi que le rôle déterminant qu’ont joué dans sa survie artistique certains membres éminents des cercles parisiens tels que Jean Moréas et Jean Pischari, de même que son mécène, le marchand d’armes Basil Zaharoff. En passant par Paris et Londres, nous déterminons les processus qui l’ont conduit à des commandes en France, en Angleterre et en Grèce. Nous recherchons aussi de quelle façon Dimitriadis se rangea du côté des gouvernements grecs pro-venizelistes (1922-32) en vue de la modernisation de l’État grec par l’européanisation des institutions artistiques et quelle fut sa contribution à l’exercice de la diplomatie culturelle. Finalement, nous examinons l’évolution décroissante de son rôle protagoniste, interrompu par la politique d’intervention du dictateur Ioannis Metaxas ainsi que par l’Occupation jusqu’à sa mort, en octobre 1943. Sans exclure les analyses thématiques, nous avons choisi pour ce travail de suivre une structure chronologique accompagnée d’un catalogue raisonné de l’oeuvre du sculpteur. / Costas Dimitriadis (1879-1943), who lived and worked in Athens and Paris, was the most famous Greek artist of the first half of the twentieth century. Through his directorship of the School of Fine Arts in Athens (1930-1943), he defined the role and viewpoint of public art institutions in Greece to this day. This dissertation traces Dimitriadis’ life and work. It begins with his youth in Eastern Roumelia followed by an examination of his studies in Athens both as an apprentice and in the School of Fine Arts. The dissertation continues with an exploration of his early career in Europe and the role Paris intellectual circles played in his artistic development, mainly the prominent members Jean Moréas and Jean Pischari, and his patron, the arms dealer Basil Zaharoff. In addition, this dissertation establishes the process by which Dimitriadis established ateliers in Paris and London, as well as a leading role in the art life of these cities as well as in Greece. His political viewpoints are also examined; for example, his support to the Venizelist Governments (1922-1932), which promoted modernization of the Greek state through the Europeanization of art institutions and his role in cultural diplomacy are documented and discussed. Circumstances that limited Dimitriadis’ leading role are also examined, including policies of the dictator Ioannis Metaxas and the Occupation of Greece during World War II. Although chronological in structure, the dissertation also explores thematic issues. It includes moreover a Catalogue Raisonné of the artist.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento com ondas de choque (TOC) é utilizado para tratar numerosas afecções musculoesqueléticas, incluindo-se as pseudartroses e as tendinopatias. Há poucos estudos bem estruturados sobre a eficácia do TOC no tratamento da síndrome dolorosa miofascial (SDM) e não há ensaio clínico aleatorizado sobre sua utilização no tratamento das SDMs das regiões lombar e glútea. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia do TOC no tratamento das SDMs das regiões lombar e glútea. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, controlado, com amostra aleatória e duplamente encoberto sobre o tratamento de doentes com dor moderada a intensa decorrente de SDM nas regiões lombar e glútea com duração superior a seis meses, submetidos previamente a tratamento padronizado com antidepressivo, analgésico, terapia física e orientações fisioterápicas durante seis semanas. Foram elegíveis 46 doentes que apresentavam dor com intensidade >= 4 de acordo com a EVA dentre os 121 convocados. Durante seis semanas os doentes elegíveis foram submetidos a tratamento farmacológico e fisioterápico padronizado. Sete doentes usufruíram melhora clínica importante e oito abandonaram o estudo, restando 31 doentes que participaram efetivamente do estudo. Após a randomização, 14 doentes foram submetidos a TOC com cabeçote ativo e 17 a TOC com cabeçote placebo. Foram avaliados os aspectos demográficos, a apresentação clínica, a incapacidade funcional, a intensidade e as características da dor até um ano após a realização dos procedimentos destes 31 doentes. As avaliações foram realizadas com uso da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), Questionário de Incapacidade de Roland-Morris (RDQ), Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry (ODI), Versão Reduzida do Questionário de Dor McGill (SF-MPQ) e Inventário Diagnóstico da Dor Neuropática 4 (DN4). RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto às características sociodemográficas dos doentes. Entretanto, a duração das queixas de dor dos doentes do grupo TOC ativo foi significativamente superior (p < 0,05) a dos do grupo TOC placebo. Em relação aos doentes tratados com TOC placebo, os doentes tratados com TOC ativo usufruíram redução estatisticamente significativa da dor de acordo com a EVA na interação grupo versus tempo a partir do momento \"três meses\"; a melhora manteve-se estatisticamente significativa durante um ano (p < 0,001), achado que sugere que o efeito analgésico instala-se em longo prazo e mantém-se prolongadamente. Não ocorreu modificação estatisticamente significativa na interação grupo versus tempo nas pontuações dos questionários RDQ, ODI e SF-MPQ ao longo do tempo nos doentes de ambos grupos. No momento \"12 meses\" ocorreu redução superior a 50% da incapacidade funcional da dor lombar avaliada de acordo com o RDQ em 70,0% dos doentes do grupo TOC ativo e em apenas 14,3% dos doentes tratados com TOC placebo; diferença percentual estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Ocorreu também redução superior a 50% das pontuações do ODI na avaliação realizada no momento \"12 meses\" em 70,0% dos doentes incluídos no grupo TOC ativo e em apenas 14,3% dos doentes do grupo TOC placebo, diferença percentual estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento com o TOC ativo dos doentes com SDM nas regiões lombar e glútea proporcionou melhora significativa da dor a partir do momento \"três meses\" até, pelo menos, o momento \"12 meses\" de acompanhamento, achado que sugere que seu efeito analgésico instala-se tardiamente. Adicionalmente, proporcionou melhora da funcionalidade de acordo com o RDQ e ODI na avaliação realizada no momento \"12 meses\" / INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been used successfully in different musculoskeletal conditions, including pseudarthrosis and tendinopathies. However, there are very few well-structured studies on the efficacy of ESWT in the treatment of myofascial pain syndromes (MPSs) and no randomized clinical trial about the ESWT in the treatment of lumbar and gluteal myofascial pain. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of ESWT in the treatment of lumbar and gluteal MPSs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. From 121 patients with moderate or severe pain due to MPS in the lumbar and gluteal regions lasting more than six months were enrolled; a total of 46 patients with pain intensity >= 4 according to the VAS were considered eligible. The elected patients were treated with antidepressant, analgesic and physical therapy as a standard protocol during six weeks. Seven patients had significant clinical improvement with the pharmacological and physical therapies and eight dropped out the study. The remainder 31 patients were randomized and 14 underwent active ESWT and 17 underwent placebo ESWT. The demographic aspects, clinical presentations, functional disabilities, severity and characteristics of pain were evaluated previously to the inclusion in the study until the end of the first year after the treatment with active or placebo ESWT. The evaluations were based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Roland- Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short- Form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and the Neuropathic Pain Diagnostic Questionnaire 4 (DN4). RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the groups regarding the baseline characteristics of the patients. However, the duration of pain of the patients treated with active ESWT was significantly higher (p < 0,05) than those treated with placebo ESWT. There was no statistically significant variation over time in the RDQ, ODI and SF-MPQ scores between the patients from each group. Patients treated with active ESWT presented a significant reduction of pain severity according to the VAS from the third until the 12nd month of follow-up (p < 0,001), finding indicative that the analgesic effect of the ESWT starts late but remains over time. At the 12nd month of follow-up, 70,0% of the patients treated with active ESWT and just 14.3% of the patients from de placebo ESWT group had more than 50% improvement of the functional disability of the low back pain according to the RDQ, statistically significant difference (p < 0,05). There was also a reduction of more than 50% of ODI scores in the 12th month of follow-up in 70.0% of the patients treated with active ESWT and in only 14.3% of the patients treated with placebo ESWT (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The active ESWT provided a significant and lasting reduction in pain intensity from the third until the 12th month of follow-up, finding that suggests that its analgesic effect settles late and has long duration. Additionally, it provided improvement of the functionality according to the RDQ and ODI at the 12th month of follow-up

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor vertebral apresenta significativo impacto econômico e social. Estimativas mais recentes do Global Burden of Diseases relatam que as algias vertebrais crônicas (AC) são a principal causa de anos vividos com incapacidade no mundo. A prevalência de algias vertebrais ao longo da vida varia entre 54% e 80%. OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de algias vertebrais crônicas e identificar fatores associados em uma amostra de pessoas com 15 anos ou mais de idade em um segmento da população da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal. Um total de 826 participantes foi selecionado para entrevistas domiciliares entre dezembro de 2011 e fevereiro de 2012. Foram utilizados a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS), o Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina (FTND), o Teste para Identificação de Problemas Relacionados ao uso de Álcool (AUDIT), a Escala EuroQol-5D e o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de AC foi estimada em 22% (IC 95%, 19,3 - 25,0). Os seguintes fatores foram considerados independentemente associados a AC: sexo feminino, 30 ou mais anos de idade, quatro anos ou menos de escolaridade, sintomas compatíveis com ansiedade e esforço físico intenso durante a ocupação principal. Adicionalmente, pacientes com AC apresentaram qualidade de vida e autoavaliação de saúde significativamente piores, comparativamente àqueles sem AC. CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se uma prevalência de 22% de algias vertebrais crônicas em um segmento da população da cidade de São Paulo. Fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, psicológicos e físicos foram independentemente associados a essa condição. Observou-se também uma associação entre algias vertebrais crônicas e pior qualidade de vida / Introduction: Spinal pain is associated with significant economic and societal impact and is an important health issue. It has recently been listed as the first cause of -years lived with disability worldwide and one of the most common reasons for which people seek medical care. Estimates of lifetime prevalence of spinal pain vary between 54% and 80%. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of chronic spinal pain (CSP) and to identify associated factors in a sample of persons aged 15 or older from a segment of the population of Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was performed to determine the prevalence of chronic spinal pain and to identify associated factors in a random sample of persons 15 years or older from a segment of the population of São Paulo City, Brazil. Face-to-face interviews were performed with 826 individuals between December 2011 and February 2012. Participants responded the following instruments: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, EuroQol 5D, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Fargerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and Brazil Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB). Results: A prevalence of 22% (95% CI, 19.3 - 25.0) was observed for chronic spinal pain. The following factors were independently associated with chronic spinal pain: female gender, 30 years of age or older, four or less years of formal education, symptoms consistent with anxiety and intense physical strain for the main occupation. Quality of life and self-rated health were significantly worse among CSP individuals. Conclusions: This study found a prevalence of 22% for chronic spinal pain in a segment of the population of São Paulo city. Demographic, socioeconomic, psychological and physical factors were independently associated with this condition. Quality of life and self-rated health were significantly worse among CSP individuals

A dor na coluna vertebral é a principal causa de incapacidade no mundo, com altas taxas de prevalência global. A partir de estudos sobre a fisiologia da dor e suas relações com estados psicológicos, tornou-se essencial a avaliação psicológica dos indivíduos com quadros dolorosos, para selecionar os perfis mais favoráveis às diferentes formas de tratamento. O questionário DRAM (Distress Risk Assessment Method) foi desenvolvido como instrumento de triagem para portadores de dor na coluna vertebral subclassificando os indivíduos em quatro grupos distintos (normal, sob risco, somático e depressivo), conforme a pontuação dos dois questionários que compõem o DRAM (MSPQ e Zung). O objetivo desse estudo é traduzir e adaptar o DRAM para o português brasileiro da versão original em inglês, além de analisar a confiabilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada. Segundo a metodologia IQOLA, consagrada em inúmeras publicações, foi desenvolvida uma versão em português brasileiro que foi aplicada a uma amostra inicial de 30 pacientes e a seguir à amostra final de 85 indivíduos dos três centros participantes portadores de dor lombar. Os resultados comprovaram a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada do questionário DRAM com índice de Cronbach alfa de 0,815 para o MSPQ e 0,794 para o Zung e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,688 para o MSPQ e 0,659 para o Zung. Tais dados permitiram concluir que a versão do questionário DRAM traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português brasileiro é confiável e está disponível para uso na prática clínica / Back pain is the leading disability cause worldwide, with high global prevalence rates. Based on studies regarding pain physiology and its relation to emotional distress conditions, psychological evaluation became essential to determine the most favorable patient profiles to distinct therapeutic approaches. DRAM (Distress Risk Assessment Method) has been developed as screening instrument for patients with lumbar pain, classifying them in subgroups as normal, at risk, distressed somatic and distressed depressive, based on the two components of DRAM scores (MSPQ and Zung questionnaires). The objective of this study is to translate and culturally adapt DRAM to Brazilian Portuguese language, and determine the final version reliability. As proposed by IQOLA method, a Brazilian Portuguese version of DRAM has been applied to an initial sample of 30 patients and finally to a 85 individuals from three participant centers. Results confirmed the reliability and reproducibility of DRAM in its Brazilian Portuguese final version: Cronbach alpha of 0.815 (MSPQ) and 0.794 (Zung) and ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient) of 0.688 (MSPQ) and 0.659 (Zung), thus concluding that the presented DRAM version in Brazilian Portuguese is reliable as available to clinical practice use

Portant sur le contrôle des frontières et la gestion des flux migratoires au sein de l’Union européenne, le présent travail a pour objectif de déterminer si le pouvoir discrétionnaire des États membres survient comme une prérogative de souveraineté pour des raisons de sécurité intérieure à l’Union, ou bien si cette prérogative souveraine se consolide à travers la sécurité intérieure. Ce travail permet ainsi d’illustrer l’importance du rôle joué par la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne dans l’harmonisation de l’Union sur ces questions. Concrètement, cette étude décrit en détail la façon dont « l’imprécision » du cadre juridique de l’Union autorise une marge d’appréciation aux autorités nationales dans l’interprétation des faits, conformément aux dispositions générales du cadre juridique. Ainsi, le pouvoir discrétionnaire avec lequel les autorités consulaires et frontalières des États membres appliquent cette législation, laisse un doute raisonnable sur la mise en œuvre adéquate du cadre juridique. En d’autres termes, les autorités des États membres disposent de facultés discrétionnaires, qui leur permettent d’adopter des solutions ad hoc afin de combler les vides laissés par la législation européenne. Par conséquent, l’intervention de la Cour de justice s’avère indispensable afin de garantir une mise en application uniforme du droit dérivé de l’Union. / In the field of the borders control and migration flows management, the aim of this analyse is determine whether Member States discretion arises as a prerogative of sovereignty for reasons of internal security of the Union, or whether this sovereign prerogative is consolidated through internal security. This analyse also serves to illustrate the importance of the work of the Court of Justice of the European Union to harmonize the EU legislation in this area. Specifically, this study details how the "imprecision" of the EU legal framework permits discretion to national authorities in the interpretation of facts, in accordance with the general provisions of the legal framework. So, discretionary power with which consular and border authorities of the Member States apply this legislation, leaves a reasonable doubt on the proper implementation of the legal framework. In other terms, authorities of the Member States have discretionary power, which allow them to adopt ad hoc solutions to fill the gaps left by European legislation. Consequently, intervention of the Court of Justice is essential in order to ensure a uniform application of the Union's secondary legislation. / El presente trabajo tiene por objeto de estudio determinar, en el ámbito del control de fronteras y la gestión de los flujos migratorios, por una parte, si la discrecionalidad de los Estados miembros surge por cuestiones que atañen a la seguridad interior de la Unión o por una prerrogativa soberana, o bien si la discrecionalidad se consolida a través de la seguridad interior. Y, por otra parte, destacar la importancia de la labor del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea para armonizar la normativa de la Unión en este ámbito. En concreto, este estudio describe con detalle como la “imprecisión” del ordenamiento de la Unión otorga un libre margen de apreciación a la autoridad nacional para interpretar los hechos conforme al precepto general del ordenamiento. De modo que, la discrecionalidad con la que esta legislación es aplicada por las autoridades consulares y fronterizas de los Estados miembros deja dudas razonables acerca de la correcta aplicación del ordenamiento. En otros términos, las autoridades de los Estados miembros disponen de facultades discrecionales que les permiten adoptar soluciones ad hoc para llenar los vacíos dejados por la legislación europea. Por lo tanto, la intervención del Tribunal de Justicia es indispensable para garantizar la aplicación uniforme del Derecho derivado de la Unión.

A dor na coluna vertebral é a principal causa de incapacidade no mundo, com altas taxas de prevalência global. A partir de estudos sobre a fisiologia da dor e suas relações com estados psicológicos, tornou-se essencial a avaliação psicológica dos indivíduos com quadros dolorosos, para selecionar os perfis mais favoráveis às diferentes formas de tratamento. O questionário DRAM (Distress Risk Assessment Method) foi desenvolvido como instrumento de triagem para portadores de dor na coluna vertebral subclassificando os indivíduos em quatro grupos distintos (normal, sob risco, somático e depressivo), conforme a pontuação dos dois questionários que compõem o DRAM (MSPQ e Zung). O objetivo desse estudo é traduzir e adaptar o DRAM para o português brasileiro da versão original em inglês, além de analisar a confiabilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada. Segundo a metodologia IQOLA, consagrada em inúmeras publicações, foi desenvolvida uma versão em português brasileiro que foi aplicada a uma amostra inicial de 30 pacientes e a seguir à amostra final de 85 indivíduos dos três centros participantes portadores de dor lombar. Os resultados comprovaram a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada do questionário DRAM com índice de Cronbach alfa de 0,815 para o MSPQ e 0,794 para o Zung e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,688 para o MSPQ e 0,659 para o Zung. Tais dados permitiram concluir que a versão do questionário DRAM traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português brasileiro é confiável e está disponível para uso na prática clínica / Back pain is the leading disability cause worldwide, with high global prevalence rates. Based on studies regarding pain physiology and its relation to emotional distress conditions, psychological evaluation became essential to determine the most favorable patient profiles to distinct therapeutic approaches. DRAM (Distress Risk Assessment Method) has been developed as screening instrument for patients with lumbar pain, classifying them in subgroups as normal, at risk, distressed somatic and distressed depressive, based on the two components of DRAM scores (MSPQ and Zung questionnaires). The objective of this study is to translate and culturally adapt DRAM to Brazilian Portuguese language, and determine the final version reliability. As proposed by IQOLA method, a Brazilian Portuguese version of DRAM has been applied to an initial sample of 30 patients and finally to a 85 individuals from three participant centers. Results confirmed the reliability and reproducibility of DRAM in its Brazilian Portuguese final version: Cronbach alpha of 0.815 (MSPQ) and 0.794 (Zung) and ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient) of 0.688 (MSPQ) and 0.659 (Zung), thus concluding that the presented DRAM version in Brazilian Portuguese is reliable as available to clinical practice use

The common objective of this project is implementation of software defined radio (SDR) into FPGA. The text contains review and comparison of several hardware concepts intended for SDRs implementation then the methods for digital implementation of various components of radios as the filters, mixers and others are mentioned. Part of the text introduces used hardware platform and describes software support for designing, simulations and implementation into hardware. Significant part of project describes complex of external hardware components as filter, amplifier and control panel designed and built within the project realization. But the main part of project demonstrates design of the software solution of radio receiver. There is specified architecture of radio for FM broadcast receiving, next the more complex systems with carrier recovery algorithm are presented. These systems are able to work with AM, BPSK and QPSK modulations. It is possible to implement all these receivers into hardware and verify their operation. The practical laboratory theme has been outlined within the project run.

This thesis examines the missiological writings of Orlando E. Costas (1943-1987), particularly The Church and Its Mission: A Shattering Critique from the Third World (1974); Theology of the Crossroads in Contemporary Latin America (1976); Christ Outside the Gate (1982); and Liberating News: A Theology of Contextual Evangelization (1989). From the early 1970s until his death in 1987 he wrote over 130 articles and 12 books in both Spanish and English that addressed key missiological concerns. A careful reading of a selection of Costas's texts oriented around a hymn, a gospel song, a psalm, and a poem provides the shape of this thesis. This thesis argues that Costas formulated a Third World evangelical missiology. Chapter one investigates what Costas's autobiographical material expressed about his positions on conversion, Protestant evangelicalism, missiology, and those living on the ‘periphery' of life. Chapter two recognises his commitment to the peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean in particular and the Third World in general. Chapter three explores Costas's analysis of the Latin American Protestant Church in a revolutionary situation in the continent and chapter four examines his survey and critical appraisal of Latin American liberation theology. Chapter five recognizes the pastoral shape of Costas's missiology. Chapter six explores his critical interaction with two more conservative evangelical missiological positions, the Church Growth Movement and Peter Beyerhaus and the Frankfurt Declaration, and chapter seven surveys the discussion within the international evangelical community regarding the relationship between evangelism and social responsibility. Chapter eight examines Costas's Liberating News as an expression of Third World evangelical missiology. Chapter nine considers the theological issue of penal substitutionary atonement and his missiology. The thesis concludes with an appraisal of the issues and contributions of Costas's Third World evangelical missiology to current missiological discussion.