Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11610_Edson Fernando Braga da Silva.pdf: 977018 bytes, checksum: 64caaef47dc51322b7b2af795c505fc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Os feijões do tipo crioulo são os mais cultivados entre os pequenos produtores e merecem destaque por possuírem características genéticas que os tornem importantes para o melhoramento genético. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi caracterizar feijões crioulos cultivados no Estado do Espírito Santo, com base em caracteres morfoagronômicos, bromatológicos, composição mineral e por marcadores moleculares, bem como compará-los à cultivares comerciais oriundos de diferentes programas de melhoramento no Brasil. Para isto, foram caracterizados vinte genótipos de feijões comum neste estudo, dos quais catorze cultivares comerciais e seis genótipos crioulo. Realizou-se a avaliação de dezesseis morfoagronômicos, dez de composição mineral do grão e seis bromatológicos de acordo com a lista de descritores mínimos para a cultura do feijão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foi realizado o teste de agrupamento de médias por Scott-Knott, em seguida análises de correlações pelo método de Sperman. Para os caracteres morfoagronômicos, bromatológicos e minenalógicos estudados, verificou-se que os genótipos crioulos apresentaram, de modo geral, médias iguais ou superiores aos genótipos comerciais. Quanto as hibridações promissoras verificou-se que os crioulos G17 e G19 apresentam caracteres desejáveis como precocidade ou biofortificação. Palavras-chaves: Crioulo. Melhoramento. Bromatológicas. Correlação

Neste trabalho aborda-se a questão da identidade da cidade de Mindelo, através das transformações socioculturais e linguísticas de São Vicente, desde a ocupação da ilha até 1975, data da independência do país. O texto foca em primeiro lugar aspectos contextuais, que remetem para o povoamento da ilha, para a sua importância económica para o arquipélago durante o período colonial, de como as sucessivas migrações devidas à seca e outros estrangulamentos de ordem política e social vão configurando o aspecto social e sobretudo o cultural e o linguístico. A Cidade do Mindelo, sinédoque de São Vicente e vice-versa, ao receber os ―apports‖ (as influências, os contributos) das ilhas que lhe estão mais próximas (Santo Antão, S. Nicolau e Boavista), conjugados com o inglês que demanda a baía do Porto Grande como interposto do abastecimento dos barcos a carvão, num período curto de tempo em processo de transculturação, apresenta uma face diferente do arquipélago. Aqui se caracteriza esta identidade sanvicentina com base nos aspectos linguísticos, literários e culturais (ensino, imprensa, musicais e teatrais).

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Florianópolis, 2011 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T02:29:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 289413.pdf: 2202557 bytes, checksum: ffef042079a9d09712252f459fd872e4 (MD5) / O presente trabalho analisou o perfil metabólico primário (proteínas, amido e lipídeos ) e secundário (carotenóides, antocianinas e compostos fenólicos) de oito variedades crioulas de milho desenvolvidas por equenos agricultores do município de Anchieta (SC) e avaliou o efeito do ambiente sobre o teor daqueles metabólitos cultivando as mesmas variedades no campo experimental da UFSC (Florianópolis), assim como características fisico-químicas e funcionais das farinhas e amidos de variedades crioulas e hibridas de milho. Os resultados mostraram diferenças na composição química (proteínas e amido) detectadas por técnicas histoquimicas assim como pela quantificação do teor daqueles compostos nas amostras de variedades de milho (amido, proteínas e lipídeos). Maior ocorrência de polissacarídeos ácidos, amido, celulose e proteínas foi vista para as variedades desenvolvidas em Anchieta (Geração F0). A quantificação do teor de proteínas revelou F0 como sendo a geração de maior ocorrência daqueles compostos. As variedades crioulas MG-0, MPA1-1, LP-1, RXE-1 mostraram-se como fontes de apreciável teor de lipídeos. O tamanho dos grânulos dos amidos de variedades crioulas foi bastante heterogênea, na grande parte são circulares e apresentando fibras na matriz do amido. O poder de inchamento, índice de solubilidade, capacidade de retenção de água foram em geral baixos para as variedades crioulas de milho. Conteúdos superiores de amilose foram detectados para as variedades R8C-0, RJ-0 e Fortuna. A espectroscopia de infravermelho (FT-IR) aliada a quimiometria (PCAs) revelou a presença de proteínas, lipídeos, amido como sendo os compostos majoritários, no entanto, foi notório a presença de açúcares e compostos de metabolismo secundário (terpenóides). Baixas temperaturas de gelatinização foram observadas para as variedades MPA1 e RXE (F0) e valores elevados para LP e RJ (F0). Menores viscosidades das pastas de amidos form detectados para RJ, RXE, e PR (F0), no entanto, as variedades RJ e R8C apresentaram maior tendência a retrogradação. Em geral amidos de variedades da F1 apresentaram maior retrogradação. A análise do conteúdo de metabólitos secundários em sementes, folhas e flores femininas das variedades crioulas e hibridas revelou maiores teores de carotenóides para as variedades LP (folhas), RX (flores femininas) e RXE (sementes). A geração F1 apresentou maior teor médio de carotenóides comparativamente a F0 e variedades hibridas, revelando o efeito do ambiente na síntese daqueles compostos. O tratamento hidrotérmico aplicado na extração degradou os carotenóides. A CLAE, revelou serem as xantofilas (luteina e zeaxantina) os compostos majoritários em sementes de variedades crioulas, com destaque para as variedades RX, PR (F0), e PR, MG, RXE (F1). O teor de carotenóides foi superior na geração F1 assim como a sintese de a, e ß-carotenos, com destaque destes em PR, MG e RXE (F1). A variedade hibrida BR SC 154 revelou superioridade em carotenóides totais por CLAE comparativamente a todas outras estudadas. Teores elevados de antocianinas foram detectados em folhas, flores, e sementes das variedades PR, MG e LP-0 respectivamente, enquanto que, teores elevados de fenólicos totais foram observados em flores, folhas e grãos de RJ, RX e R8C-0 respectivamente. O estudo permitiu concluir que tanto amidos e farinhas das variedades F0, F1 e hibridas apresentaram algumas características desejáveis (alta viscosidade, baixa temperatura de empastamento, elevado teor de lipídios assim como teor médio de amilose) e podem ser usados para a obtenção de alguns produtos na indústria (Pães, pudins, sobremesas), fato que pode agregar mais valor, mais aplicabilidade e gerar novas perspectivas de uso destas variedades crioulas de milho e incentivo ao pequeno agricultor que vem desenvolvendo essas variedades ao longo de décadas. Variedades de milho crioulo exibiram quantidades apreciáveis de carotenóides, antocianinas e fenólicos existentes em diferentes partes da planta que vários outros relatos na literatura, e constituem ótimo material de exploração de compostos do metabolismo secundário para fins farmacêuticos, saúde e na indústria cosmética, fato que vai agregar mais valor e preservação deste germoplasma. / This study examined the primary metabolic profile (protein, starch and lipid) and secondary (carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolics) of eight maize landraces developed by small farmers in the municipality of Anchieta (SC) and assessed the effect of environment on the metabolite content of those cultivating the same varieties in the experimental field of UFSC (Florianópolis). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours and starches of maize landraces and hybrid varieties were also studied. The results showed differences in chemical composition (protein and starch) detected by histochemistry techniques as well as the quantification of the content of those compounds in the samples of maize varieties (starch, proteins and lipids). Increased occurrence of acidic polysaccharides, starch, cellulose and protein was seen for the maize landraces developed in Anchieta (F0 generation). The quantification of protein content revealed higher occurrence of those compounds for F0 generation. The landraces MG-0, MPA1-1, LP-1, RXE-1 appeared as sources of appreciable levels of lipids. The particle size of starches from landraces was very heterogeneous, in large part are circular and presenting fibers in the matrix of starch The swelling power, solubility index, and water holding capacity were generally low for maize landraces. Higher amylose content was detected for the varieties R8C-0, RJ-0 and Fortuna. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with chemometrics (PCA) revealed the presence of proteins, lipids, starch as the major components, however, was evident the presence of sugars and secondary metabolites compounds (terpenoids). Low gelatinization temperatures were observed for varieties MPA1 and RXE (F0) and high values for LP and RJ (F0). Lower viscosity of starch pastes were detected for RJ, RXE, and PR (F0), however, the varieties RJ, R8C showed higher retrogradation. In general the F1 varieties of starches showed higher retrogradation. The analysis of secondary metabolites in seeds, leaves and maize silks of landraces and hybrid showed higher levels of carotenoids for the varieties LP (leaves), RX (maize silks) and RXE (seeds). The F1 generation showed a higher average content of carotenoids compared to F0 and hybrid varieties, revealing the effect of environment on the synthesis of those compounds. The hydrothermal treatment degraded carotenoids extraction. HPLC revealed to be the xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) as the major components in seeds of local varieties, especially for RX, PR (F0), and PR, MG, RXE (F1). The carotene content was higher in the F1 generation as well as the synthesis of a, and ß-carotene, especially those in PR, MG and RXE (F1). The hybrid variety BR 154 SC showed superiority in carotenoids by HPLC compared to all other studied. High levels of anthocyanins were detected in leaves, maize silks, and seed varieties of PR, MG and LP-0, respectively, whereas high levels of phenolics were observed in maize silks, leaves and grains of RJ, R8C and RX-0 respectively. The study showed that both varieties of starches and flours of F0, F1 and hybrid had some desirable features (high viscosity, low temperature tightness, high fat content as well as medium amylose) and can be used to obtain certain products in industry (breads, puddings, desserts), which can add more value, more applicability and generate new prospects for using these varieties of maize and encouragement to the small farmer who has been developing along these varieties of maize landraces. Maize landraces presented appreciable amounts of carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds detected in different plant parts than several other reports in the literature, and provide great raw materials of secondary metabolic compounds for pharmaceutical, health and cosmetics industry, a fact that will add more value and preservation this germplasm.This study examined the primary metabolic profile (protein, starch and lipid) and secondary (carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolics) of eight maize landraces developed by small farmers in the municipality of Anchieta (SC) and assessed the effect of environment on the metabolite content of those cultivating the same varieties in the experimental field of UFSC (Florianópolis). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours and starches of maize landraces and hybrid varieties were also studied. The results showed differences in chemical composition (protein and starch) detected by histochemistry techniques as well as the quantification of the content of those compounds in the samples of maize varieties (starch, proteins and lipids). Increased occurrence of acidic polysaccharides, starch, cellulose and protein was seen for the maize landraces developed in Anchieta (F0 generation). The quantification of protein content revealed higher occurrence of those compounds for F0 generation. The landraces MG-0, MPA1-1, LP-1, RXE-1 appeared as sources of appreciable levels of lipids. The particle size of starches from landraces was very heterogeneous, in large part are circular and presenting fibers in the matrix of starch The swelling power, solubility index, and water holding capacity were generally low for maize landraces. Higher amylose content was detected for the varieties R8C-0, RJ-0 and Fortuna. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with chemometrics (PCA) revealed the presence of proteins, lipids, starch as the major components, however, was evident the presence of sugars and secondary metabolites compounds (terpenoids). Low gelatinization temperatures were observed for varieties MPA1 and RXE (F0) and high values for LP and RJ (F0). Lower viscosity of starch pastes were detected for RJ, RXE, and PR (F0), however, the varieties RJ, R8C showed higher retrogradation. In general the F1 varieties of starches showed higher retrogradation. The analysis of secondary metabolites in seeds, leaves and maize silks of landraces and hybrid showed higher levels of carotenoids for the varieties LP (leaves), RX (maize silks) and RXE (seeds). The F1 generation showed a higher average content of carotenoids compared to F0 and hybrid varieties, revealing the effect of environment on the synthesis of those compounds. The hydrothermal treatment degraded carotenoids extraction. HPLC revealed to be the xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) as the major components in seeds of local varieties, especially for RX, PR (F0), and PR, MG, RXE (F1). The carotene content was higher in the F1 generation as well as the synthesis of a, and ß-carotene, especially those in PR, MG and RXE (F1). The hybrid variety BR 154 SC showed superiority in carotenoids by HPLC compared to all other studied. High levels of anthocyanins were detected in leaves, maize silks, and seed varieties of PR, MG and LP-0, respectively, whereas high levels of phenolics were observed in maize silks, leaves and grains of RJ, R8C and RX-0 respectively. The study showed that both varieties of starches and flours of F0, F1 and hybrid had some desirable features (high viscosity, low temperature tightness, high fat content as well as medium amylose) and can be used to obtain certain products in industry (breads, puddings, desserts), which can add more value, more applicability and generate new prospects for using these varieties of maize and encouragement to the small farmer who has been developing along these varieties of maize landraces. Maize landraces presented appreciable amounts of carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds detected in different plant parts than several other reports in the literature, and provide great raw materials of secondary metabolic compounds for pharmaceutical, health and cosmetics industry, a fact that will add more value and preservation this germplasm.This study examined the primary metabolic profile (protein, starch and lipid) and secondary (carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolics) of eight maize landraces developed by small farmers in the municipality of Anchieta (SC) and assessed the effect of environment on the metabolite content of those cultivating the same varieties in the experimental field of UFSC (Florianópolis). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours and starches of maize landraces and hybrid varieties were also studied. The results showed differences in chemical composition (protein and starch) detected by histochemistry techniques as well as the quantification of the content of those compounds in the samples of maize varieties (starch, proteins and lipids). Increased occurrence of acidic polysaccharides, starch, cellulose and protein was seen for the maize landraces developed in Anchieta (F0 generation). The quantification of protein content revealed higher occurrence of those compounds for F0 generation. The landraces MG-0, MPA1-1, LP-1, RXE-1 appeared as sources of appreciable levels of lipids. The particle size of starches from landraces was very heterogeneous, in large part are circular and presenting fibers in the matrix of starch The swelling power, solubility index, and water holding capacity were generally low for maize landraces. Higher amylose content was detected for the varieties R8C-0, RJ-0 and Fortuna. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with chemometrics (PCA) revealed the presence of proteins, lipids, starch as the major components, however, was evident the presence of sugars and secondary metabolites compounds (terpenoids). Low gelatinization temperatures were observed for varieties MPA1 and RXE (F0) and high values for LP and RJ (F0). Lower viscosity of starch pastes were detected for RJ, RXE, and PR (F0), however, the varieties RJ, R8C showed higher retrogradation. In general the F1 varieties of starches showed higher retrogradation. The analysis of secondary metabolites in seeds, leaves and maize silks of landraces and hybrid showed higher levels of carotenoids for the varieties LP (leaves), RX (maize silks) and RXE (seeds). The F1 generation showed a higher average content of carotenoids compared to F0 and hybrid varieties, revealing the effect of environment on the synthesis of those compounds. The hydrothermal treatment degraded carotenoids extraction. HPLC revealed to be the xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) as the major components in seeds of local varieties, especially for RX, PR (F0), and PR, MG, RXE (F1). The carotene content was higher in the F1 generation as well as the synthesis of a, and ß-carotene, especially those in PR, MG and RXE (F1). The hybrid variety BR 154 SC showed superiority in carotenoids by HPLC compared to all other studied. High levels of anthocyanins were detected in leaves, maize silks, and seed varieties of PR, MG and LP-0, respectively, whereas high levels of phenolics were observed in maize silks, leaves and grains of RJ, R8C and RX-0 respectively. The study showed that both varieties of starches and flours of F0, F1 and hybrid had some desirable features (high viscosity, low temperature tightness, high fat content as well as medium amylose) and can be used to obtain certain products in industry (breads, puddings, desserts), which can add more value, more applicability and generate new prospects for using these varieties of maize and encouragement to the small farmer who has been developing along these varieties of maize landraces. Maize landraces presented appreciable amounts of carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds detected in different plant parts than several other reports in the literature, and provide great raw materials of secondary metabolic compounds for pharmaceutical, health and cosmetics industry, a fact that will add more value and preservation this germplasm.This study examined the primary metabolic profile (protein, starch and lipid) and secondary (carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolics) of eight maize landraces developed by small farmers in the municipality of Anchieta (SC) and assessed the effect of environment on the metabolite content of those cultivating the same varieties in the experimental field of UFSC (Florianópolis). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours and starches of maize landraces and hybrid varieties were also studied. The results showed differences in chemical composition (protein and starch) detected by histochemistry techniques as well as the quantification of the content of those compounds in the samples of maize varieties (starch, proteins and lipids). Increased occurrence of acidic polysaccharides, starch, cellulose and protein was seen for the maize landraces developed in Anchieta (F0 generation). The quantification of protein content revealed higher occurrence of those compounds for F0 generation. The landraces MG-0, MPA1-1, LP-1, RXE-1 appeared as sources of appreciable levels of lipids. The particle size of starches from landraces was very heterogeneous, in large part are circular and presenting fibers in the matrix of starch The swelling power, solubility index, and water holding capacity were generally low for maize landraces. Higher amylose content was detected for the varieties R8C-0, RJ-0 and Fortuna. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with chemometrics (PCA) revealed the presence of proteins, lipids, starch as the major components, however, was evident the presence of sugars and secondary metabolites compounds (terpenoids). Low gelatinization temperatures were observed for varieties MPA1 and RXE (F0) and high values for LP and RJ (F0). Lower viscosity of starch pastes were detected for RJ, RXE, and PR (F0), however, the varieties RJ, R8C showed higher retrogradation. In general the F1 varieties of starches showed higher retrogradation. The analysis of secondary metabolites in seeds, leaves and maize silks of landraces and hybrid showed higher levels of carotenoids for the varieties LP (leaves), RX (maize silks) and RXE (seeds). The F1 generation showed a higher average content of carotenoids compared to F0 and hybrid varieties, revealing the effect of environment on the synthesis of those compounds. The hydrothermal treatment degraded carotenoids extraction. HPLC revealed to be the xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) as the major components in seeds of local varieties, especially for RX, PR (F0), and PR, MG, RXE (F1). The carotene content was higher in the F1 generation as well as the synthesis of a, and ß-carotene, especially those in PR, MG and RXE (F1). The hybrid variety BR 154 SC showed superiority in carotenoids by HPLC compared to all other studied. High levels of anthocyanins were detected in leaves, maize silks, and seed varieties of PR, MG and LP-0, respectively, whereas high levels of phenolics were observed in maize silks, leaves and grains of RJ, R8C and RX-0 respectively. The study showed that both varieties of starches and flours of F0, F1 and hybrid had some desirable features (high viscosity, low temperature tightness, high fat content as well as medium amylose) and can be used to obtain certain products in industry (breads, puddings, desserts), which can add more value, more applicability and generate new prospects for using these varieties of maize and encouragement to the small farmer who has been developing along these varieties of maize landraces. Maize landraces presented appreciable amounts of carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds detected in different plant parts than several other reports in the literature, and provide great raw materials of secondary metabolic compounds for pharmaceutical, health and cosmetics industry, a fact that will add more value and preservation this germplasm.This study examined the primary metabolic profile (protein, starch and lipid) and secondary (carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolics) of eight maize landraces developed by small farmers in the municipality of Anchieta (SC) and assessed the effect of environment on the metabolite content of those cultivating the same varieties in the experimental field of UFSC (Florianópolis). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours and starches of maize landraces and hybrid varieties were also studied. The results showed differences in chemical composition (protein and starch) detected by histochemistry techniques as well as the quantification of the content of those compounds in the samples of maize varieties (starch, proteins and lipids). Increased occurrence of acidic polysaccharides, starch, cellulose and protein was seen for the maize landraces developed in Anchieta (F0 generation). The quantification of protein content revealed higher occurrence of those compounds for F0 generation. The landraces MG-0, MPA1-1, LP-1, RXE-1 appeared as sources of appreciable levels of lipids. The particle size of starches from landraces was very heterogeneous, in large part are circular and presenting fibers in the matrix of starch The swelling power, solubility index, and water holding capacity were generally low for maize landraces. Higher amylose content was detected for the varieties R8C-0, RJ-0 and Fortuna. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with chemometrics (PCA) revealed the presence of proteins, lipids, starch as the major components, however, was evident the presence of sugars and secondary metabolites compounds (terpenoids). Low gelatinization temperatures were observed for varieties MPA1 and RXE (F0) and high values for LP and RJ (F0). Lower viscosity of starch pastes were detected for RJ, RXE, and PR (F0), however, the varieties RJ, R8C showed higher retrogradation. In general the F1 varieties of starches showed higher retrogradation. The analysis of secondary metabolites in seeds, leaves and maize silks of landraces and hybrid showed higher levels of carotenoids for the varieties LP (leaves), RX (maize silks) and RXE (seeds). The F1 generation showed a higher average content of carotenoids compared to F0 and hybrid varieties, revealing the effect of environment on the synthesis of those compounds. The hydrothermal treatment degraded carotenoids extraction. HPLC revealed to be the xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) as the major components in seeds of local varieties, especially for RX, PR (F0), and PR, MG, RXE (F1). The carotene content was higher in the F1 generation as well as the synthesis of a, and ß-carotene, especially those in PR, MG and RXE (F1). The hybrid variety BR 154 SC showed superiority in carotenoids by HPLC compared to all other studied. High levels of anthocyanins were detected in leaves, maize silks, and seed varieties of PR, MG and LP-0, respectively, whereas high levels of phenolics were observed in maize silks, leaves and grains of RJ, R8C and RX-0 respectively. The study showed that both varieties of starches and flours of F0, F1 and hybrid had some desirable features (high viscosity, low temperature tightness, high fat content as well as medium amylose) and can be used to obtain certain products in industry (breads, puddings, desserts), which can add more value, more applicability and generate new prospects for using these varieties of maize and encouragement to the small farmer who has been developing along these varieties of maize landraces. Maize landraces presented appreciable amounts of carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds detected in different plant parts than several other reports in the literature, and provide great raw materials of secondary metabolic compounds for pharmaceutical, health and cosmetics industry, a fact that will add more value and preservation this germplasm.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos. / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T00:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 264078.pdf: 870282 bytes, checksum: 8f91941bf1af455968cd1934be531e20 (MD5) / Native landraces of Brazilian maize constitute one of the most valuable resources for the development of corn cultivars with end-use quality. Besides, they have high environmental adaptation potential which makes them desirable for breeding programs. The cultivation of maize landraces by small producers helps in the rescue, preservation, and production of varieties, which in turn maintains corn#s genetic variability. The choice of a particular landrace should be based not only on agronomic factors but also on the nutritional and industrial quality factors. For this purpose, eight Brazilian maize landraces were evaluated. Chemical composition, quality factors, superficial kernel appearance and starch granules were eterminated. Values for protein and lipids (dry basis) were in the range of 8-10,3% and 4,8-5,4%, respectively. Starch is the major component of maize, and ranged between 63 and 73%. The fatty acids composition was evaluated and these landraces showed the linoleic composition higher than the other, as usual to maize. All protein fractions were extracted and quantified. By SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight was obtained, and the superficial net charge was observed by capillary electrophoresis, which showed that albumins, globulins and prolamins, represented by zein I and II are clearly negatively net charge. The hardness of the kernel is controlled by the á-zein class, and all samples showed the presence of these proteins as seen by SDS-PAGE. The functional and thermal properties of maize flours were studied by RVA, texture analysis and rheology. Genetic clusters were constructed to evaluate the differences in the samples, and a large difference was found between the samples in each protein fraction. Dynamic properties was studied and the storage (G#) and lost of energy (G#) modulus were obtained, allowing to classified the gels formed as week gels. The frequency sweep had low interference on these results and for all samples the G# modulus was higher to G# modulus. The rheological study makes easy the application of the maize flours in starch-based products.

[pt] Esta dissertação busca observar como os diferentes agentes do meio literário do final do século XIX, autor, editor e críticos literários operaram na construção e recepção da obra, e da figura de seu protagonista, Amaro, o Bom crioulo. O romance Bom Crioulo de Adolfo Caminha (1867-1897), publicado em 1895, é uma das primeiras obras literárias em língua portuguesa a trazer a homossexualidade como tema central da narrativa. E a primeira literatura brasileira a trazer como protagonista um sujeito negro e homossexual. Um romance filiado à estética naturalista, mas que transborda as limitações impostas pelo próprio movimento. Atravessado por diversos interesses como vingança, vendas, o real, dentre outros, Bom Crioulo (1895) expõe uma sociedade oitocentista que presa a sua moralidade cristã, e ao cientificismo da época. Colocou sujeitos negros e homossexuais no lugar de abjeção e imoralidade. Uma obra naturalista que ao mesmo tempo que revela a homoafetividade, a condena a um fim trágico. / [en] This thesis seeks to observe how the different agents of the literary milieu of the late nineteenth century, author, editor and literary critics operated in the construction and reception of the work, and of the figure of its protagonist, Amaro, the Good Creole. The novel Bom Crioulo by Adolfo Caminha (1867-1897), published in 1895, is one of the first literary works in Portuguese to bring homosexuality as a central theme of the narrative. It was also the first Brazilian novel to feature a black homosexual protagonist. A novel affiliated with the naturalist aesthetic, but which overflows the limitations imposed by the movement itself. Crossed by various interests such as revenge, sales, the real, among others, Bom Crioulo (1895) exposes a nineteenth-century society that, bound by its Christian morality and the scientificism of the time, placed black and homosexual subjects in the place of abjection and immorality. A naturalistic work that, while revealing homoaffectivity, condemns it to a tragic end.

O Brasil possui cerca de uma dezena de raças de cavalos sendo essas classificadas em locais ou comerciais. As raças que aqui se naturalizaram são descendentes dos animais trazidos pelos portugueses e espanhóis na época da colonização. Cerca de 500 anos após sofrer seleção natural e artificial esses cavalos adquiriram características próprias capazes de se adaptar a ambientes adversos, escassez de alimento, doenças, influência do homem e cruzamento indiscriminado com raças exóticas. Assim, surgiram raças típicas brasileiras dotadas de peculiaridades importantes para as regiões em que vivem. Com isso, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de estimar a variabilidade genética em quatro raças brasileiras de cavalos (Brasileiro de Hipismo, Crioulo, Mangalarga e Pantaneiro) por meio do marcador de DNA microssatélites. Foram utilizados 10 loci de microssatélites que amplificaram para as quatro raças. Em um primeiro estudo, foi estimada a variabilidade genética em 227 animais de três fazendas da região do Pantanal. Um total de 91 alelos foi encontrado. A probabilidade de exclusão de paternidade (PE) para as três amostras conjunta ficou em torno de 99,3%. O conteúdo de informação polimófica (PIC) foi alto, considerado altamente informativo. Os valores de Fis revelaram alto índice de homozigose nas três populações. Pôde-se verificar, por meio de baixos valores de Fst, baixa estruturação para as amostras estudadas sugerindo pouca diferenciação entre as mesmas. Foram utilizados três métodos para detectar gargalo de garrafa. Os resultados sugerem que os animais das fazendas estudadas não passaram por um processo de declínio populacional recente, mas que provavelmente animais da Fazenda Nova Esperança estariam passando por um processo de estruturação. Um outro estudo de variabilidade genética incluiu, além da raça Pantaneira, outras três raças brasileiras de cavalos: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Mangalarga. Os mesmos 10 loci de microssatélites também foram utilizados. Todos os loci amplificaram nas quatro raças, com a exceção de AHT17 em BH e Mangalarga. A raça que apresentou maior variabilidade alélica foi a Pantaneira (n = 91) seguida pelas raças Crioula (n = 81), BH (n = 57) e Mangalarga (n = 41). O coeficiente de endogamia (Fis) apresentou valores altos para as quatro raças. Por meio da estimativa Fst pôde-se inferir que a raça Mangalarga é a mais divergente entre as raças estudadas. Através do programa Structure, foi observado que Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo e Mangalarga estão estruturadas em quatro distintas raças. / Brazil has around ten horse breeds, which are classified as local or commercial horses. The breeds established here are descendant from the animals brought by the Portuguese and Spanish colonization. After 500 years of natural and artificial selection, these horses acquired their own adaptive characteristics to adverse environments, lack of food, diseases, human influence, and random breeding with exotic breeds. Thus, the main objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability of four Brazilian horse breeds (Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga) by microsatellite markers. Ten microsatellite loci have been used and amplified in the 4 breeds. On a first study, the genetic variability was estimated in 227 animals from three farms around the Pantanal region. A total of 91 alleles were found. The paternity exclusion probability (PE) to all 3 samples was around 99.3%. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was high, and considered to be informative. The Fis values showed high levels of homozygosity in all three populations. It was verified, through the low values of Fst, low structure of the samples studied, suggesting slight differentiation among them. Three methods to detect the bottleneck effect have been used. These results suggest that the animals from the studied farms did not go through a recent population decrease in numbers, however animals from the Fazenda Nova Esperança may be going through a structure process. On a second study, besides the Pantaneiro, genetic variability was also estimated in others three Brazilian horse breeds: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) and Mangalarga. The same 10 microsatellite loci were used. All loci amplified in the four breeds, except for the AHT17 in the BH and Mangalarga. The breed that presented higher allelic variability was Pantaneiro, followed by the Crioulo, BH and Mangalarga breeds. The endogamy coefficient (Fis) showed high values on the four breeds. Through the Fst estimate, it was observed that the Mangalarga breed is more differentiated among the studied breeds. Through the Structure software, it was observed that Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga are structured in four distinct breeds.

Submitted by Cynthia Nascimento (cyngabe@ufba.br) on 2013-02-01T12:59:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Carvalho de Argolo Nobre.pdf: 2699112 bytes, checksum: df18e40a905a507561f92ddcb45f3b70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2013-02-04T14:28:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Carvalho de Argolo Nobre.pdf: 2699112 bytes, checksum: df18e40a905a507561f92ddcb45f3b70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-04T14:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Carvalho de Argolo Nobre.pdf: 2699112 bytes, checksum: df18e40a905a507561f92ddcb45f3b70 (MD5) / Esta dissertação tem como tema os processos de formação das línguas gerais brasileiras no período colonial. Nesse sentido, para contextualizar o tema, é feita uma retrospectiva dos 500 anos de história lingüística do Brasil, abarcando os seus principais elementos: o índio, o negro e o branco. Em seguida, passa-se ao tema língua geral, especificamente, levando a termo a análise das considerações feitas a esse respeito por diversos lingüistas proeminentes no cenário nacional e internacional. Daí em diante, chega-se ao ponto mais importante da dissertação: a delimitação dos contextos sociolingüísticos, dentro dos quais se deram os processos de formação das línguas gerais na América Portuguesa, a saber: o contexto sem interrupção de transmissão lingüística entre gerações, constituído a partir do século XVI, no Estado do Brasil, e o contexto com interrupção de transmissão lingüística entre gerações, constituído a partir do século XVII, no Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão. / Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Letras, Salvador-Ba

PEREIRA, N. O. D. B. Potencialidades da língua crioula na educação ambiental: escolas do ensino secundário no Município da Praia, Cabo Verde. 2013. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013. / Submitted by Daniel Eduardo Alencar da Silva (dealencar.silva@gmail.com) on 2015-01-29T17:29:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_nodbpereira.pdf: 7393020 bytes, checksum: 10e2f0ab1a9be0aab9531ac0e8051195 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-03-18T20:29:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_nodbpereira.pdf: 7393020 bytes, checksum: 10e2f0ab1a9be0aab9531ac0e8051195 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-18T20:29:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_nodbpereira.pdf: 7393020 bytes, checksum: 10e2f0ab1a9be0aab9531ac0e8051195 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The understanding the cultural identity of the Cape Verdeans should be the first step for a project of environmental education that make use of the full linguistic capabilities of their country and of its specificities. The use of the mother tongue, Creole which ancestrally linked to the identity of the people of Cape Verde displays a potential proportional to the own identity, conservationist by the nature. Despite being the main vehicle of communication of Cape Verdeans,residents and those in the diaspora, the Creole language has failed to achieve the status of Cape Verde official language since the country political independence, 38 years ago. With a strong presence in culture of the Islands, the Creole, however, stands out only in informal environments, whereas Portuguese is established as official language of the country. The Creole has been literally away from the Administration and from the formal and informal education processes. Concerning the Environmental Education, the discrimination of Creole reaches levels of sheer absence. This research seeks to search and to understand the potential of the use of Cape Verde mother tongue, the Creole, as an instrument for the Environmental Education at the secondary schools level in the Municipality of Praia, proven through interviews targeting teachers, coordinators and directors of secondary schools in the territory of Municipality of Praia. The research clearly points out to valorize Creole, inserting it as language of support, sideways with the Portuguese language with regard to Environmental Education, lacking political will of decision-makers for its deployment. The findings shows that Capeverdean mother tongue is acknowledged to have great potential, as an instrument of behaviors changes trough out environmental degradation and its impact on society, in particular for generations to come. / Apesar de ser o principal veículo de comunicação dos cabo-verdianos, residentes e na diáspora, a língua Crioula não logrou alcançar o estatuto de língua oficial de Cabo Verde, passados 38 anos, desde a independência política do País. Com forte presença na cultura das Ilhas, o Crioulo, no entanto, só se destaca em ambientes informais, ao contrário do Português, cuja legitimidade é reconhecida pela Constituição de 1992 como língua oficial de Cabo Verde. Com este reconhecimento oficial, o Crioulo foi literalmente afastado da administração, do ensino formal e informal, dos negócios e da diplomacia. Na Educação Ambiental, a discriminação do Crioulo atinge níveis de pura ausência. Esta pesquisa fala das potencialidades do uso da língua materna de Cabo Verde, o Crioulo, como instrumento na Educação Ambiental nas escolas de ensino secundário, no Município da Praia. Sua habilidade como língua estruturada é demonstrada por meio de pesquisas diversas que antecedem esta dissertação, e, entrevistas dirigidas aos professores, coordenadores e diretores das escolas do ensino secundário no Município da Praia, capital de Cabo Verde, comprovam o seu potencial. A pesquisa aponta claramente a vontade de valorizar o Crioulo, introduzindo-a como língua de apoio, juntamente com a Língua Portuguesa no que concerne à Educação Ambiental, faltando a vontade política dos decisores para a sua implantação. Neste trabalho, propõe-se o início de amplo debate nacional sobre as potencialidades da língua-mãe, como instrumento de mudanças de comportamentos, em face da degradação do meio ambiente e dos seus impactos para a sociedade, nomeadamente para as gerações vindouras.

O Brasil possui cerca de uma dezena de raças de cavalos sendo essas classificadas em locais ou comerciais. As raças que aqui se naturalizaram são descendentes dos animais trazidos pelos portugueses e espanhóis na época da colonização. Cerca de 500 anos após sofrer seleção natural e artificial esses cavalos adquiriram características próprias capazes de se adaptar a ambientes adversos, escassez de alimento, doenças, influência do homem e cruzamento indiscriminado com raças exóticas. Assim, surgiram raças típicas brasileiras dotadas de peculiaridades importantes para as regiões em que vivem. Com isso, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de estimar a variabilidade genética em quatro raças brasileiras de cavalos (Brasileiro de Hipismo, Crioulo, Mangalarga e Pantaneiro) por meio do marcador de DNA microssatélites. Foram utilizados 10 loci de microssatélites que amplificaram para as quatro raças. Em um primeiro estudo, foi estimada a variabilidade genética em 227 animais de três fazendas da região do Pantanal. Um total de 91 alelos foi encontrado. A probabilidade de exclusão de paternidade (PE) para as três amostras conjunta ficou em torno de 99,3%. O conteúdo de informação polimófica (PIC) foi alto, considerado altamente informativo. Os valores de Fis revelaram alto índice de homozigose nas três populações. Pôde-se verificar, por meio de baixos valores de Fst, baixa estruturação para as amostras estudadas sugerindo pouca diferenciação entre as mesmas. Foram utilizados três métodos para detectar gargalo de garrafa. Os resultados sugerem que os animais das fazendas estudadas não passaram por um processo de declínio populacional recente, mas que provavelmente animais da Fazenda Nova Esperança estariam passando por um processo de estruturação. Um outro estudo de variabilidade genética incluiu, além da raça Pantaneira, outras três raças brasileiras de cavalos: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Mangalarga. Os mesmos 10 loci de microssatélites também foram utilizados. Todos os loci amplificaram nas quatro raças, com a exceção de AHT17 em BH e Mangalarga. A raça que apresentou maior variabilidade alélica foi a Pantaneira (n = 91) seguida pelas raças Crioula (n = 81), BH (n = 57) e Mangalarga (n = 41). O coeficiente de endogamia (Fis) apresentou valores altos para as quatro raças. Por meio da estimativa Fst pôde-se inferir que a raça Mangalarga é a mais divergente entre as raças estudadas. Através do programa Structure, foi observado que Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo e Mangalarga estão estruturadas em quatro distintas raças. / Brazil has around ten horse breeds, which are classified as local or commercial horses. The breeds established here are descendant from the animals brought by the Portuguese and Spanish colonization. After 500 years of natural and artificial selection, these horses acquired their own adaptive characteristics to adverse environments, lack of food, diseases, human influence, and random breeding with exotic breeds. Thus, the main objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability of four Brazilian horse breeds (Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga) by microsatellite markers. Ten microsatellite loci have been used and amplified in the 4 breeds. On a first study, the genetic variability was estimated in 227 animals from three farms around the Pantanal region. A total of 91 alleles were found. The paternity exclusion probability (PE) to all 3 samples was around 99.3%. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was high, and considered to be informative. The Fis values showed high levels of homozygosity in all three populations. It was verified, through the low values of Fst, low structure of the samples studied, suggesting slight differentiation among them. Three methods to detect the bottleneck effect have been used. These results suggest that the animals from the studied farms did not go through a recent population decrease in numbers, however animals from the Fazenda Nova Esperança may be going through a structure process. On a second study, besides the Pantaneiro, genetic variability was also estimated in others three Brazilian horse breeds: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) and Mangalarga. The same 10 microsatellite loci were used. All loci amplified in the four breeds, except for the AHT17 in the BH and Mangalarga. The breed that presented higher allelic variability was Pantaneiro, followed by the Crioulo, BH and Mangalarga breeds. The endogamy coefficient (Fis) showed high values on the four breeds. Through the Fst estimate, it was observed that the Mangalarga breed is more differentiated among the studied breeds. Through the Structure software, it was observed that Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga are structured in four distinct breeds.

O Brasil possui cerca de uma dezena de raças de cavalos sendo essas classificadas em locais ou comerciais. As raças que aqui se naturalizaram são descendentes dos animais trazidos pelos portugueses e espanhóis na época da colonização. Cerca de 500 anos após sofrer seleção natural e artificial esses cavalos adquiriram características próprias capazes de se adaptar a ambientes adversos, escassez de alimento, doenças, influência do homem e cruzamento indiscriminado com raças exóticas. Assim, surgiram raças típicas brasileiras dotadas de peculiaridades importantes para as regiões em que vivem. Com isso, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de estimar a variabilidade genética em quatro raças brasileiras de cavalos (Brasileiro de Hipismo, Crioulo, Mangalarga e Pantaneiro) por meio do marcador de DNA microssatélites. Foram utilizados 10 loci de microssatélites que amplificaram para as quatro raças. Em um primeiro estudo, foi estimada a variabilidade genética em 227 animais de três fazendas da região do Pantanal. Um total de 91 alelos foi encontrado. A probabilidade de exclusão de paternidade (PE) para as três amostras conjunta ficou em torno de 99,3%. O conteúdo de informação polimófica (PIC) foi alto, considerado altamente informativo. Os valores de Fis revelaram alto índice de homozigose nas três populações. Pôde-se verificar, por meio de baixos valores de Fst, baixa estruturação para as amostras estudadas sugerindo pouca diferenciação entre as mesmas. Foram utilizados três métodos para detectar gargalo de garrafa. Os resultados sugerem que os animais das fazendas estudadas não passaram por um processo de declínio populacional recente, mas que provavelmente animais da Fazenda Nova Esperança estariam passando por um processo de estruturação. Um outro estudo de variabilidade genética incluiu, além da raça Pantaneira, outras três raças brasileiras de cavalos: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Mangalarga. Os mesmos 10 loci de microssatélites também foram utilizados. Todos os loci amplificaram nas quatro raças, com a exceção de AHT17 em BH e Mangalarga. A raça que apresentou maior variabilidade alélica foi a Pantaneira (n = 91) seguida pelas raças Crioula (n = 81), BH (n = 57) e Mangalarga (n = 41). O coeficiente de endogamia (Fis) apresentou valores altos para as quatro raças. Por meio da estimativa Fst pôde-se inferir que a raça Mangalarga é a mais divergente entre as raças estudadas. Através do programa Structure, foi observado que Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo e Mangalarga estão estruturadas em quatro distintas raças. / Brazil has around ten horse breeds, which are classified as local or commercial horses. The breeds established here are descendant from the animals brought by the Portuguese and Spanish colonization. After 500 years of natural and artificial selection, these horses acquired their own adaptive characteristics to adverse environments, lack of food, diseases, human influence, and random breeding with exotic breeds. Thus, the main objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability of four Brazilian horse breeds (Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga) by microsatellite markers. Ten microsatellite loci have been used and amplified in the 4 breeds. On a first study, the genetic variability was estimated in 227 animals from three farms around the Pantanal region. A total of 91 alleles were found. The paternity exclusion probability (PE) to all 3 samples was around 99.3%. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was high, and considered to be informative. The Fis values showed high levels of homozygosity in all three populations. It was verified, through the low values of Fst, low structure of the samples studied, suggesting slight differentiation among them. Three methods to detect the bottleneck effect have been used. These results suggest that the animals from the studied farms did not go through a recent population decrease in numbers, however animals from the Fazenda Nova Esperança may be going through a structure process. On a second study, besides the Pantaneiro, genetic variability was also estimated in others three Brazilian horse breeds: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) and Mangalarga. The same 10 microsatellite loci were used. All loci amplified in the four breeds, except for the AHT17 in the BH and Mangalarga. The breed that presented higher allelic variability was Pantaneiro, followed by the Crioulo, BH and Mangalarga breeds. The endogamy coefficient (Fis) showed high values on the four breeds. Through the Fst estimate, it was observed that the Mangalarga breed is more differentiated among the studied breeds. Through the Structure software, it was observed that Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga are structured in four distinct breeds.