Bakgrund: Den ökade migrationen i Sverige innebär stora utmaningar inom vården. Sverige är ett av länderna i EU med största andelen invånare med utländsk bakgrund vilket gör Sverige till ett mångkulturellt samhälle. Personer med utländsk bakgrund har olika kulturer som påverkar hur hälsa och sjukdom definieras. Sjuksköterskans professionella ansvar innebär att kunna tillgodose en personcentrerad vård som är kulturellt anpassad. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av mötet med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal hos patienter med utländsk bakgrund. Metod: Litteraturöversikt enligt Friberg (2017) genomfördes som baserades på tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna inhämtades från databaserna CINAHL Complete och PubMed med hjälp av sökblock. Resultat: I resultatet presenterades fem kategorier. Förväntningar på hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens kulturella kompetens, Syn på vården, Kulturella och religiösa skillnader, Kommunikationsbarriärer och Tolkanvändning. Sammanfattning: Det har visats att patienter med utländsk bakgrund har både positiva och negativa upplevelser på grund av kulturella skillnader och bristande kommunikation med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Svårigheter som påträffats orsakas av kommunikationssvårigheter, språkbarriärer och brist på kulturell kompetens. Det behövs mer kunskap inom mångkulturell vård och det är av stor vikt att utbilda framtida sjuksköterskor om detta fenomen. / Background: The increased migration in Sweden entails major challenges in healthcare. Sweden is one of the countries in the EU with the largest proportion of residents with a foreign background which makes Sweden a multicultural society. People with a foreign background have different cultures that affect how health and illness are defined. The professional responsibility of nurses’ means being able to provide patient-centered care that is culturally adapted. Aim: The aim was to describe experiences of the meeting with health care professionals in patients with foreign background. Method: A literature review according to Friberg (2017) was conducted based on ten scientific qualitative articles. The articles were obtained from the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed using a search block. Results: Five categories were presented in the result. Expectations of the cultural competence of health care professionals, View on healthcare, Cultural and religious differences, Communication barriers and Use of interpretation. Summary: It has been shown that patients with foreign backgrounds have both positive and negative experiences due to cultural differences and lack of communication with health care professionals. The difficulties encountered were caused by communication difficulties, language barriers and lack of cultural competence. There is a need for more multicultural care and it is of great importance to educate future nurses about this fenomenon.

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Background: The society is rapidly changing in a demographic matter. As a result of this nurses are required to be equipped with the right skills and knowledge to approach a more diverse patient group. Hence, the health care is dependent on cultural competent nurses, without them the health care is vulnerable. Previous studies show that nurses are faced with great challenges when it comes to encounters with patients from different cultural backgrounds and that they lack the essential cultural knowledge which effects the quality and standard of care. This means high demands on the nursing curricula to integrate guidelines for cultural competence and educate future nurses in order to make them more prepared for their future profession. Aim: To explore nursing students experiences of practicing cultural competence in care of patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, a qualitative study in Gauteng province, South Africa.  Method: The chosen method was qualitative. Eight individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed with inspiration from Burnard’s (1996) four-step content analysis. Findings: The findings showed the main-category: beneficial components in cultural competent care, with three sub-categories: positive attitudes and adapting of care, gaining knowledge from cultural encounters with patients and existing contextual insights of own culture and other cultures. The beneficial components included the positive attitudes of the participants and their ability to adapt the care around cultural challenges. Gaining knowledge from cultural encounters with patients and having existing contextual insights of own culture facilitated the encounters with patients. Findings also showed the main-category: barriers in providing a cultural competent care with three sub-categories: disrupted communication, limited levels of cultural knowledge and lack of trust. Disrupted communication was mostly due to the language barrier, a huge problem as important information was left out and the system of getting interpreters faulted. The limited levels of cultural knowledge were based on limited knowledge about different cultures. Lack of trust originated from patients’ strong cultural belief while disbelieving in the westernized health care which resulted in a non-trusting relationship between health care personnel and patients.  Conclusion: There were several barriers as well as facilitators, though the barriers were more dominating in character. Therefore, more education is needed so nursing students feel empowered and more secure when encountering patients from different cultures. Continuing education is also needed for registered nurses as well as prospective and further research is required in order to obtain the best resources for implementation of cultural competence.

Changing demographics in the United States to a minority-majority culture require health care professionals who are culturally competent to provide appropriate care to patients. In a university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, a gap existed between student education and the culturally competent professional practice of entry-level registered dietitians. Using Freire's notion of social justice and Vygotsky's constructivist theory as the conceptual frameworks, the purpose of this study was to explore educators' instructional strategies that promoted cultural competence in nutrition and dietetics education. The research questions examined how educators described the instructional practices they employed to promote cultural competence in nutrition and dietetics education. Using a qualitative instrumental case study design, 9 educators responded to an open-ended questionnaire, as well as provided documents for analysis in the form of assignments. First-cycle data analysis was conducted using an initial coding protocol followed with a second-cycle phase using axial coding. The key themes for educators included the necessity of cultural competence in nutrition and dietetics instruction, and classroom and experiential learning activities engagement. The key conclusion was cultural competence is necessary to bridge the gap between student education and professional practice. The project study resulted in a position paper that recommended revising the local study site's curriculum to be based in cultural competence instruction through multiple modalities of collaborative and experiential learning activities. Positive social change will be present through enhancing nutrition and dietetics education to better better prepare students to be culturally competent professionals who provide improved health care to their patients.

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. Bakgrund: I dagens samhälle, på ett globalt nivå, möter sjuksköterskor allt oftare patienter med annan kulturell bakgrund. Att få kunskap inom olika kulturer för att kunna ge patienten i behov av palliativ vård en god och säkert vård kan inte betraktas som enkel uppgift. Detta kan skapa en känsla av oro och osäkerhet hos sjuksköterskor inom den palliativa vården och därför behövs mer undersökning och sammanställning av kulturella skillnader inom olika grupper av befolkningen. Sjuksköterskor som bemästrar kunskap inom olika kulturer kan lättare bemöta och identifiera patienternas unika behov samt jobba personcentrerat. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av kulturella kompetenser inom palliativ vård av vuxna patienter med invandrarbakgrund i både öppenvård samt slutenvård. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt baserad på 11 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades enligt Fribergs (2017) fem stegs innehållsanalys. I resultat framkom 2 huvudkategorier: Barriärer för god vård  (och dess 3 underkategorier: Bristande språkförståelse, Omvårdnad med kulturell grund och Familjens roll) samt Kulturell kompetens som främjare av god omvårdnad (och dess 3 underkategorier: Kommunikationsförmåga, Förstå kulturen och Bygga relationer). Resultatet indikerade att sjuksköterskor hade bristande kommunikativa kunskaper samt bristande kulturella kompetenser inom palliativ vård av patienter med invandrarbakgrund.  Slutsats: För att minska frustrationen och osäkerheten bland sjuksköterskor samt för att förbättra sjuksköterskors arbetsförhållanden bör det finnas möjlighet till kulturell fördjupning inom sjuksköterskeutbildningen samt på arbetsplatser där vård bedrivs. / In today’s society, nurses increasingly meet people with other cultural backgrounds. Acquiring knowledge on different cultures, in order to be able to give the patient in need of palliative care good and safe care, cannot be considered as a simple task. This can create a feeling of anxiety and insecurity among nurses in palliative care and therefore more research and compilation of cultural differences within different groups of population is needed. Nurses who master knowledge on different cultures can easily respond to and identify a person’s unique needs and work person-centered.  The aim of the literature review was to describe nurses ‘experiences of cultural competencies in palliative care of adults with an immigrant background in both outpatient and inpatient care.   Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative literature based on 11 qualitative scientific articles that were examined according to Friberg´s (2017) five step content analysis.   The results showed 2 main categories: Barriers to good care (Lack of language comprehension, Nursing with a cultural basis, and Family’s role) and Cultural competence (Communication skills, Understanding the culture and Building relationships). The result indicated that nurses had a lack of communication skills and a lack of cultural competence in palliative care of patients with an immigrant background.   Conclusion: In order to reduce frustration and insecurity among nurses and to improve nurses ‘working conditions, there should be given opportunities for cultural in-depth study in nursing education and on workplaces where care is provided.

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Under utbildningsprogrammets gång uppmärksammade vi att kulturens betydelse, mer eller mindre blir oundviklig i vägledningssamtal med andraspråkstalare. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur verksamma studie- och yrkesvägledare (SYV) på Vägledningscentrum (VLC) definierar begreppen; mångkulturell vägledning, kulturell kompetens samt hur syv kommunicerar med andraspråkstalande och vilken betydelse kultur och bristande språkfärdighet har för den individuella vägledningen. Datainsamlingsmetoden är kvalitativ med sex respondenter på två kontor i Sverige. Dataanalysmetoden är en innehållsanalys med tillåtelse för eftersökning av mönster i vårt material. De använda teorierna i vår studie är positivistiska, konstruktivistiska och socio-logiska karriär- och vägledningsteorier. Som tillskottsmaterial används tidigare forskning inom mångkulturell vägledning och kulturell kompetens för att förstå syftet med denna studie. Resultaten indikerar att det råder skilda uppfattningar och definitioner på studiens frågeställningar. Majoriteten beskriver att kulturens betydelse inte har någon direkt inverkan för arbetet, men likväl att individens bakgrund är av intresse. Generellt säger våra respondenter inte se skillnad på mångkulturell och traditionell vägledning. Den gemen-samma nämnaren är individen som sitter framför dem. Å andra sidan uttrycker en minoritet av respondenterna att individens kultur har betydelse för arbetet och minoriteten ser ett allmänt behov bland vägledare av ökad kulturell kompetens för vägledning av andra-språkstalare, något som förankras i studiens litteratur och tidigare forskning. Det som dock ses som det största möjliga hindret för en framåtskridande vägledningsprocess är bristande kommunikationNyckelord: Andraspråkstalande, mångkulturell vägledning, kulturell kompetens, kommunikation, kulturDuring the educational program we experienced that the meaning of culture, more or less, becomes inevitable in guidance dialogue with individuals of a second language. The purpose with this study was to examine how active careers advisers in a Guidance Center define the concepts of multicultural guidance, cultural competence and also how careers advisers communicate with individuals of a second language and what relation these have with each other. The data collection method is qualitative with six respondents in two Guidance Centers in Sweden. The data analysis method is a content analysis because it enables us to seek out patterns in our material. The theories used in our study are positivistic, constructivist and socialistic theories of career and guidance choice. As additional material, recent research about multiculturalism and cultural competence is used to understand the purpose of this study. The results indicate there are differing views and definitions with the issues to the study. The majority describes that the importance of culture has no direct impact on their work, but nevertheless that the individuals background is of interest. Generally our respondents say that multicultural guidance does not differ from traditional guidance. The common denominator is the individual sitting in front of you. On the other hand, a minority of the respondents express that the individual culture has significance to their work and the minority see a common need for enhanced cultural competence among advisers for guidance of individuals of a second language, something that’s established in our studies literature and recent research. What is viewed as the greatest obstacle however, is lacking communication. Keywords: Individuals of a second language, multicultural guidance, cultural competence, communication, culture