Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007. / "Including the plays Positive expectations and Waiting for ships." Title from web document (viewed 7/4/08). Includes bibliographical references: leaf 249-267.

Thesis (Master of Research and Development Management)-Air Force Institute of Technology, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Dec 28, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Techn. Univ., Diss.--Braunschweig, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 289 - 319.

[pt] O conceito de jeitinho está presente em uma série de discursos que expressam um conjunto de valores que os brasileiros percebem como sendo seus. De fato, o jeitinho não pode ser correlacionado exclusivamente a uma camada ou classe social. Ele se constitui como uma prática social conhecida e legitimada por todos os segmentos da sociedade brasileira. Dessa forma, com base em uma perspectiva social da linguagem, a abordagem desse conceito em um contexto de ensino de português do Brasil como língua estrangeira ou segunda língua mostrase relevante. Nessa dissertação, abordamos o conceito de jeitinho por meio da leitura e análise de três crônicas de autores brasileiros. Esse gênero apresenta uma linguagem singular: é um produto do discurso jornalístico e, ao mesmo tempo, inclui-se entre os gêneros literários. A análise das crônicas foi realizada sob a perspectiva da semiótica discursiva, tendo por objetivo a busca de sentidos que se relacionam ao conceito de jeitinho. Com base em uma perspectiva intercultural, os aprendizes estrangeiros podem, por meio da leitura das crônicas, entrar em contato com certos aspectos culturais que envolvem o conceito de jeitinho na sociedade brasileira. Acreditamos que o resultado dessa pesquisa possa contribuir para promoção de uma consciência cultural crítica no âmbito de ensino do português do Brasil. / [en] The concept of jeitinho is present in a series of discourses that express a set of values that Brazilians perceive as their own. In fact, jeitinho cannot be correlated exclusively to a social class or select group. It is constructed as a social practice known and legitimized by all segments of Brazilian society. Thus, based on a social perspective of the language, the approach of this concept in a context of teaching Brazilian Portuguese as a foreign language or second language is relevant. In this dissertation, we propose to approach the concept of jeitinho through the reading and analysis of chronicles of three Brazilian authors. This genre presents a unique language which is a product of journalistic discourse and, at the same time, is included among recognized literary genres. The analysis of chronicles was carried out from the perspective of discursive semiotics, aiming to search for meanings that are related to the concept of jeitinho. Based on an intercultural perspective, foreign learners can touch on certain cultural aspects that involve the concept of jeitinho in Brazilian society, through the reading of chronicles. We believe that the result of this research may contribute to the promotion of a critical cultural awareness within the scope of the teaching of Brazilian Portuguese.

The primary goal of this project is to provide a unit of instruction that addresses the critical English skills of oracy, writing, and intercultural proficiency. The curriculum features the social-construction-of-knowledge approach and the socioliterate approach. In addition, it includes an emphasis on Mexican-American values, learning styles, and intercultural communication, showing how they are interrelated and how they affect oral and written language proficiency and intercultural communication competence.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor arbetar i ett mångkulturellt samhälle och ställs införutmaningar i strävan efter ett fullvärdigt omvårdnadsarbete och en närhet irelationen med patienter. Kulturen präglar människor som varelser liksomrelationen mellan patient och sjuksköterska. En bristande kunskap om kulturensbetydelse och innebörd riskerar att ha inverkan på den omvårdnad som ges. Syfte:Att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bedriva omvårdnadsarbete i detmångkulturella samhället. Metod: En litteraturstudie där tolv vetenskapligaartiklar med kvalitativ ansats valdes från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed.Studierna har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts med innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analys av studierna frambringade tre teman med tillhörande kategorier.Temat Attityder och egenskaper som bidrar till en kulturellt kompetentomvårdnad omfattar kategorierna Empati och ett respektfullt bemötande,Flexibilitet och Kulturell medvetenhet. Temat Behov av kunskap hossjuksköterskan i ett mångkulturellt samhälle rymmer kategorierna Identifiering avkunskapsbrist och Att tillgodogöra sig kunskap. Det tredje temat var Attöverkomma språkliga barriärer med kategorierna Kommunikationsstrategier ochAtt tolka. Konklusion: Enligt sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att vårda patienterfrån minoritetskulturer framkom ett antal strategier de tillämpade i strävan efteratt ge fullgod omvårdnad. Ofta saknades gemensamma och övergripandestrategier samt kunskap om hur en kulturellt kompetent vård för bästa resultat börbedrivas. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde en kunskapsbrist och önskade en ökadmedvetenhet och kunskap inom kulturell kompetens genom utbildning i såvälgrundutbildningen som vidareutbildning via arbetsplatser.Nyckelord: Erfarenheter, Jämlik vård, Kulturell kompetens, Kulturellmedvetenhet, Omvårdnad, Sjuksköterskor, Utmaningar. / Background: Nurses working in a multicultural society are faced with challengesin the quest for satisfactory nursing care and closeness in the relation withpatients. Culture influences human beings as well as the relation between patientand nurse. An inadequate knowledge regarding the importance and meaning ofculture adventures the quality of the nursing care given. Aim: To illustrate nurses´experiences of caregiving in the multicultural society. Method: A literaturereview of articles with a qualitative design was conducted. Twelve studies,collected from PubMed and CINAHL, were scrutinized, analyzed andsummarized through content analysis. Results: Three themes with subcategoriesemerged through the analysis. The theme Attitudes and attributes that contributeto culturally competent care cover the subcategories Empathy and a respectfultreatment, Flexibility, and Cultural awareness. The theme Nurse’s requirementfor knowledge in the multicultural society cover the subcategories Identifying thelack of knowledge and Acquire knowledge. The third theme was To overcomelanguage barriers with the sub categories Communication strategies and Tointerpret/translate. Conclusion: According to nurses’ experiences of nursingcultural minorities, several strategies was used in the quest to for adequate care.There was often a gap in the mutual and general strategies as well as in theknowledge regarding how care should be given to achieve the best result. Nursesexpressed a lack of knowledge and desired increased awareness and insight in theconcept of cultural competence throughout education, both at university and in theworking place.Keywords: Challenges, Cultural Competence, Cultural awareness, Experiences,Nurses, Nursing.

There is a great tendency in using literature as a medium of language teaching because literature plays an essential role in developing the students’ language skills. It also helps them in acquiring cultural experiences and to attain a better understanding of the literary texts. The Swedish National Agency for Education supports the inclusion of literature in English language classes in each of primary, secondary and even upper secondary schools. This research aims to examine the underlying reasons behind incorporating literature in teaching English, specifically in Swedish secondary schools grades 7-9, and it sheds light on how teachers manage to employ literature effectively in the classroom. Moreover, it explains the criteria behind selecting appropriate literary texts that suit students’ needs. The study also states some problems that may encounter teachers in adopting literature as a way of teaching. All these issues are discussed through conducting qualitative interviews with three English teachers. This study points out that literature has been used as a paramount tool for teaching English. By reading literary books, students’ knowledge about social and cultural issues is developed and their language skills also become better. Furthermore, teachers mention that there are several central criteria to note when using literature during the process of teaching literature, such as selecting literary materials with topics that students can find interesting to work with. Different kinds of tasks have been assigned to students to get the opportunity to describe, analyse and reflect upon what they worked with.  Some of the challenges identified by the teachers are lack of time and the students’ different skill levels. More studies are required regarding the efficacy of using literature as a helping educational tool in English language learning from students’ views, in particular considering individual and linguistic improvement.

An increase in reports of undesirable professional behaviour in the nursing profession has prompted the question: How could the internalisation of skills, knowledge, values and beliefs be guided in student nurses to help them become effectively socialised as professional nurses? Using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach, the study addressed the above question. The researcher used focus-group interviews and field notes to explore and describe the perceptions of professional nurses and experiences of student nurses regarding the professional socialisation of students. The data generated from these findings were further used to determine and describe educators’ (N=128) perceptions on their teaching and facilitation of professional socialisation of students, using a self-administered questionnaire. The findings of both the qualitative and quantitative data were integrated to develop and validate guidelines to support educators and professional nurses in the professional socialisation of students. To establish rigour, the researcher applied measures of trustworthiness and performed validity and reliability tests. The qualitative data were analysed by utilising Tesch’s method of data analysis. The themes that emerged as influential in the professional socialisation of students were related to the professional nurse as role model, clinical supervisor, the educator, clinical learning environment, values and beliefs of the nursing profession and cultural and gender orientations. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Educators’ teaching and facilitation strategies revealed that the educator as a role model, the clinical environment, teaching approaches and cultural awareness were important social determinants in the professional socialisation of students. The qualitative and quantitative data were integrated to develop guidelines that were validated by field and guideline experts. The guidelines for educators and professional nurses addressed issues such as the professional nurse as role model and clinical supervisor, the creation of a positive clinical learning environment, the educator as role model, the teaching and support of students, the work ethic of the professional nurse and educator, the students’ behaviour and cultural awareness. These guidelines propose recommendations for educators and professional nurses to support the professional socialisation of students. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Background: The society is rapidly changing in a demographic matter. As a result of this nurses are required to be equipped with the right skills and knowledge to approach a more diverse patient group. Hence, the health care is dependent on cultural competent nurses, without them the health care is vulnerable. Previous studies show that nurses are faced with great challenges when it comes to encounters with patients from different cultural backgrounds and that they lack the essential cultural knowledge which effects the quality and standard of care. This means high demands on the nursing curricula to integrate guidelines for cultural competence and educate future nurses in order to make them more prepared for their future profession. Aim: To explore nursing students experiences of practicing cultural competence in care of patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, a qualitative study in Gauteng province, South Africa.  Method: The chosen method was qualitative. Eight individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed with inspiration from Burnard’s (1996) four-step content analysis. Findings: The findings showed the main-category: beneficial components in cultural competent care, with three sub-categories: positive attitudes and adapting of care, gaining knowledge from cultural encounters with patients and existing contextual insights of own culture and other cultures. The beneficial components included the positive attitudes of the participants and their ability to adapt the care around cultural challenges. Gaining knowledge from cultural encounters with patients and having existing contextual insights of own culture facilitated the encounters with patients. Findings also showed the main-category: barriers in providing a cultural competent care with three sub-categories: disrupted communication, limited levels of cultural knowledge and lack of trust. Disrupted communication was mostly due to the language barrier, a huge problem as important information was left out and the system of getting interpreters faulted. The limited levels of cultural knowledge were based on limited knowledge about different cultures. Lack of trust originated from patients’ strong cultural belief while disbelieving in the westernized health care which resulted in a non-trusting relationship between health care personnel and patients.  Conclusion: There were several barriers as well as facilitators, though the barriers were more dominating in character. Therefore, more education is needed so nursing students feel empowered and more secure when encountering patients from different cultures. Continuing education is also needed for registered nurses as well as prospective and further research is required in order to obtain the best resources for implementation of cultural competence.

The World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages (ACTFL, 2014) encourage teachers to help their students use the target language to “investigate, explain, and reflect” on the relationships between cultural products, practices, and perspectives. However, while most language instructors agree that language and culture should be connected, many fail to teach culture explicitly because they are so focused on the language components of their courses. Of those who do teach culture explicitly, many either teach only about the cultural products and not the perspectives, or they teach the culture in English because of its complexity. This project explores the use of e-portfolios for explicitly teaching culture in the target language across all three communicative modes. The project was implemented in a 4th semester university Spanish course in the fall of 2013. Students were required to view and interpret culturally authentic materials such as newspapers, proverbs, documentaries, news reports, and videos about pop culture. In addition, students interacted with native speakers both within and outside the United States using technology. Students were also asked to produce business plans, commentaries, community projects, ethnographic interviews, stories, and videos in the target language. The project evaluation revealed that when culture is explicitly taught in the target language, the following changes may occur: a positive attitudinal shift towards the target culture, a desire for learning the language beyond the classroom, an increase in autonomous learning, and an improvement in linguistic skills. Pedagogical implications and principles that might be applicable in foreign language instruction include the fact that technology appears to be one promising way to provide increased access to culture. In addition, scaffolding is found to be important to both students' experiences with culture and their interaction with technology. Also students may find the exploration of current social issues and problems very motivating and engaging. This has the potential to give students increased opportunities to think critically.