Hydrological modeling, like runoff modelling for flood prevention, is based on digital elevation models (DEMs). The fact that the DEMs do not represent existing road culverts can lead to considerable hydrological misinterpretations. In order to overcome this limitation, a GIS method was developed to automatically adjust the elevation model, hydrologically enforcing the DEM, so that the results of hydrological modeling accounts for flow through culverts. The hydro-enforced DEM showed to better represent the drainage network than the former DEM when compared with the river map. The topographic wetness index is the most commonly applied topographic index and a good indicator of soil moisture distribution. It has been integrated into many hydrological models and pollution risk indices as well as into the prediction of wetland distribution. Using the hydro-DEM from the previous step and the soil map in conjunction with the TWI, an improved TWI was achieved, namely a soil-topographic wetness index (STI). The linkages between specific soil types and TWI or STI values were analyzed. They revealed a clear linkage between STI values and soil type based on the soil transmissivity (R2=0.77). However, the TWI values showed low correlations to the soil types (R2=0.02). As a specific application, both TWI and STI were tested for the detection of wetlands. Wetlands are important ecosystems which act as buffer zones by filtering pollutants and slowing floodwater. Being able to identify their distribution is important in landscape planning and ecology. A wetland threshold value was determined for each index and their results where compared with the wetland map from the property map (assumed as ground truth) and with the potential wetland area. Finally, a visual validation was performed with the use of an aerial photography. The results showed that the STI performed slightly better than the TWI for the detection of wetlands, detecting 3% more wetlands. The impact of the soil map on the topographic wetness index was therefore determined as positive.

Two new three-dimensional rock mass strength criteria are developed in this dissertation by extending an existing rock mass strength criterion. These criteria incorporate the effects of the intermediate principal stress, minimum principal stress and the anisotropy resulting from these stresses acting on the fracture system. In addition, these criteria have the capability of capturing the anisotropic and scale dependent behavior of the jointed rock mass strength by incorporating the effect of fracture geometry through the fracture tensor components. Another significant feature of the new rock mass strength criterion which has the exponential functions (equation 6.7) is having only four empirical coefficients compared to the existing strength criterion which has five empirical coefficients; if the joint sets have the same isotropic mechanical behavior, the number of the empirical coefficients reduces to two in this new strength criterion (equation 6.10). The new criteria were proposed after analyzing 452 numerical modeling results of the triaxial, polyaxial and biaxial compression tests conducted on the jointed rock blocks having one or two joint sets by the PFC3D software version 5. In this research to have several samples with the same properties a synthetic rock material that is made out of a mixture of gypsum, sand and water was used. In total, 20 joint systems were chosen and joint sets have different dip angles varying from 15 to 60 at an interval of 15 with dip directions of 30 and 75 for the two joint sets. Each joint set also has 3 persistent joints with the joint spacing of 42 mm in a cubic sample of size 160 mm and the joints have the same isotropic mechanical behavior. The confining stress combination values were chosen based on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) value of the modeled intact synthetic rock. The minimum principal stress values were chosen as 0, 20, 40 and 60 percent of the UCS. For each minimum principal stress value, the intermediate principal stress value varies starting at the minimum principal stress value and increasing at an interval of 20 percent of the UCS until it is lower than the strength of the sample under the biaxial loading condition with the same minimum principal stress value. The new rock mass failure criteria were developed from the PFC3D modeling data. However, since the joint sets having the dip angle of 60 intersect the top and bottom boundaries of the sample simultaneously, the joint systems with at least one of the joint sets having the dip angle of 60 were removed from the database. Thus, 284 data points from 12 joint systems were used to find the best values of the empirical coefficients for the new rock mass strength criteria. λ, p and q were found to be 0.675, 3.16 and 0.6, respectively, through a conducted grid analysis with a high R2 (coefficient of determination) value of 0.94 for the new criterion given by equation 6.9 and a and b were found to be 0.404 and 0.972, respectively, through a conducted grid analysis with a high R2 value of 0.92 for the new criterion given by equation 6.10. The research results clearly illustrate how increase of the minimum and intermediate principal stresses and decrease of the joint dip angle, increase the jointed rock block strength. This dissertation also illustrates how different confining stress combinations and joint set dip angles result in different jointed rock mass failure modes such as sliding on the joints, failure through the intact rock and a combination of the intact rock and joint failures. To express the new rock mass strength failure criteria, it was necessary to determine the intact rock strengths under the same confining stress combinations mentioned earlier. Therefore, the intact rock was also modeled for all three compression tests and the intact rock strengths were found for 33 different confining stress combinations. Suitability of six major intact rock failure criteria: Mohr-Coulomb, Hoek-Brown, Modified Lade, Modified Wiebols and Cook, Mogi and Drucker-Prager in representing the intact rock strength was examined through fitting them using the aforementioned 33 PFC3D data points. Among these criteria, Modified Lade, Modified Mogi with power function and Modified Wiebols and Cook were found to be the best failure criteria producing lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 0.272, 0.301 and 0.307, respectively. Thus, these three failure criteria are recommended for the prediction of the intact rock strength under the polyaxial stress condition. In PFC unlike the other methods, macro mechanical parameters are not directly used in the model and micro mechanical parameter values applicable between the particles should be calibrated using the macro mechanical properties. Accurate calibration is a difficult or challenging task. This dissertation emphasized the importance of studying the effects of all micro parameter values on the macro mechanical properties before one goes through calibration of the micro parameters in PFC modeling. Important effects of two micro parameters, which have received very little attention, the particle size distribution and the cov of the normal and shear strengths, on the macro properties are clearly illustrated before conducting the said calibration. The intact rock macro mechanical parameter values for the Young’s modulus, uniaxial compression strength (UCS), internal friction angle, cohesion and Poisson's ratio were found by performing 3 uniaxial tests, 3 triaxial tests and 5 Brazilian tests on a synthetic material made out of a mixture of gypsum, sand and water and the joint macro mechanical parameter values were found by conducting 4 uniaxial compression tests and 4 direct shear tests on jointed synthetic rocks with a horizontal joint. Then the micro mechanical properties of the Linear Parallel Bond Model (LPMB) and Modified Smooth Joint Contact Model (MSJCM) were calibrated to represent the intact rock and joints respectively, through the specific procedures explained in this research. The similar results obtained between the 2 polyaxial experiments tests of the intact rock and 11 polyaxial experimental tests of the jointed rock blocks having one joint set and the numerical modeling verified the calibrated micro mechanical properties and further modification of these properties was not necessary. This dissertation also proposes a modification to the Smooth Joint Contact Model (SJCM) to overcome the shortcoming of the SJCM to capture the non-linear behavior of the joint closure varying with the joint normal stress. Modified Smooth Joint Contact Model (MSJCM) uses a linear relation between the joint normal stiffness and the normal contact stress to model the non-linear relation between the joint normal deformation and the joint normal stress observed in the compression joint normal stiffness test. A good agreement obtained between the results from the experimental tests and the numerical modeling of the compression joint normal test shows the accuracy of this new model. Moreover, another shortcoming associated with the SJCM application known as the interlocking problem was solved through this research by proposing a new joint contact implementation algorithm called joint sides checking (JSC) approach. The interlocking problem occurs due to a shortcoming of the updating procedure in the PFC software related to the contact conditions of the particles that lie around the intended joint plane during high shear displacements. This problem increases the joint strength and dilation angle and creates unwanted fractures around the intended joint plane.

$aL’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre le phénomène de suffusion (érosion interne) dans ses processus et ses conséquences sur le comportement mécanique des sols à faible cohésion par l’établissement d’une relation directe ou indirecte entre la stabilité interne de ces matériaux et leur critère de rupture. L’érosion interne vue essentiellement sous l’angle de la suffusion a été analysée par des modélisations numériques et des essais expérimentaux. Les principaux essais utilisés sont : - Ecoulements d’eau à travers un matériau granulaire dans une colonne. - Essais de cisaillement triaxial non drainés. Pour la modélisation numérique, PFC3D a été utilisé pour les simulations d’essais triaxiaux et la prise en charge du couplage fluide solide a été possible grâce à une option de type CFD (Coupling Fluid Dynamique). Ce code DEM a permis le développement d’une nouvelle méthode de génération d’échantillon granulaire à partir de sa courbe granulométrique et de sa porosité cibles. L’évolution des porosités, celle des courbes granulométriques et de l’état de stabilité interne avant et après écoulement ont été identifiées comme indicateur du niveau de suffusion. Les critères de stabilité de Kenney & Lau et de Kezdi ont permis d’apprécier la stabilité interne des échantillons. Les conséquences de la suffusion se sont manifestées par : Une diminution de l’angle de frottement interne dans le cas d’une suffusion interne; une augmentation de l’angle de frottement dans le cas d’une suffusion externe. Les comparaisons des résultats expérimentaux et numériques tant pour les écoulements que pour les essais triaxiaux ont présenté de bonnes concordances. Enfin, une proposition d’un nouveau critère de stabilité interne est établie, elle est déduite de l’analyse des relations entre le comportement mécanique et la stabilité interne, notamment la contractance du matériau. / The objective of this thesis is to understand the phenomenon of suffusion (internal erosion) in its process and its effects on the mechanical behavior of loose soil by establishing a direct or indirect relationship between the internal stability of these materials and failure criterion. Numerical modeling and experimental tests analyzed the internal erosion in terms of the suffusion. The main tests used are : - Water flows through a granular material in a column. - Undrained shear triaxial tests. For numerical modeling, PFC3D was used for simulations of triaxial tests and the treatment of solid fluid coupling was possible through a CFD type of option (Coupling Fluid Dynamics). This DEM code has allowed the development of a new method of generating granular sample from its grading curve and its target porosity. The evolutions of porosity, grading curves and the state of internal stability before and after discharge were identified as indicator of suffusion. Kenney & Lau and Kezdi stability criteria were used to assess the internal stability of samples. The consequences of suffusion were expressed by: A reduction of the internal friction angle in the case of an internal suffusion; an increase of the friction angle in the case of an external suffusion. Comparisons of experimental and numerical results for both flows and triaxial tests have shown good agreements. Finally, a proposal of a new criterion of internal stability is established, it is deducted from the analysis of the relationship between the mechanical behavior and internal stability, including the material contractance.

No description available.

[EN] Hydric soil erosion is an economic and ecological problem throughout the world. Current investigation of the processes intervening in the erosion needs detailed information about the soil's surface topography appropriate in resolution and precision for the work's scale. Part of the studies trying to model and quantify the erosive processes are carried out in laboratories, in detailed scales (millimetric), and need methods capable of giving accurate measurements of the surface, in an efficient way. Experiments carried out in a laboratory to measure hydric erosion are based on the use of rain simulators on small soil plots. Soil's rugosity or micro relief influences considerably the distribution of rain water among infiltration and run-off, and is a key factor when modelling erosive processes. Accurate measurement of the plot's relief before and after the rain simulation allows estimation based on the volume differences. In recent years there is an increasing demand for accurate topographical data in the area of geomorphological science. Reproduction of the soil's surface is done by means of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), generated from massive altimetric data acquired by means of laser scanners or image-based photogrammetric techniques. These data have been collected by means of classical photogrammetric techniques (among others) up until recently; it is not, however, an easy task, and furthermore, to achieve the necessary accuracy, a strict methodology is needed, taking into account all the error sources in the process. Advances in digital photogrammetry and related fields, such as image processing and computer vision, have brought new software tools with potential application in various fields, such as geomorphology and erosion study. Structure from Motion (SfM) method produces automatically a 3D model of an object from multiple converging images, using automatic image to image registry methods and image correspondence algorithms, which allow a great degree of automatization and a greater ease of use, with a very low cost. This thesis tries to establish a DEM collection methodology of an experimental zone in a laboratory after repeated episodes of simulated rain by means of photogrammetric techniques based on SfM. Based on the obtained DEM, an estimation of the erosion using DEM of Difference (DoD) techniques will be carried out, comparing these estimations with the results of the obtained run-off and infiltration to validate the method. The results show the suitability of this technique for laboratory erosion studies. / [ES] La erosión hídrica del suelo es hoy un problema económico y ecológico en todo el mundo. La investigación actual de los procesos que intervienen en la erosión requiere información detallada sobre la topografía de la superficie del suelo con resolución y precisión adecuadas a la escala de trabajo. Una parte de los estudios que se realizan para la modelización y cuantificación de los procesos erosivos se llevan a cabo en laboratorio, a escalas de detalle (milimétricas), y necesitan métodos capaces de proporcionar mediciones precisas de la superficie, de una manera eficiente. Los experimentos realizados en laboratorio para la medición de la erosión hídrica se basan en el uso de simuladores de lluvia sobre parcelas de suelo de reducidas dimensiones. La rugosidad o microrrelieve del suelo influye considerablemente en el reparto de agua de lluvia entre infiltración y escorrentía, y es un parámetro importante para la modelización de procesos erosivos. La medición precisa del relieve de la parcela antes y después de la simulación de la lluvia permite estimar la erosión a partir de las diferencias de volumen. Así, en los últimos años se ha producido una creciente demanda de datos topográficos de precisión en el ámbito de las ciencias geomorfológicas. La representación de la superficie del suelo se realiza a través de Modelos Digitales de Elevaciones (MDE), generados a partir de datos altimétricos masivos, adquiridos mediante escáneres láser o por técnicas fotogramétricas basadas en imágenes. La obtención de estos datos se ha realizado mediante técnicas fotogramétricas clásicas (entre otras) hasta hace poco; sin embargo, no es una tarea trivial, y además para conseguir las precisiones necesarias se ha de trabajar con una metodología rigurosa que tenga en cuenta todas las fuentes de error en el proceso. Los avances experimentados en fotogrametría digital y otros ámbitos relacionados, como el procesamiento de imágenes y la visión por computador, han proporcionado nuevas herramientas software disponibles con gran potencial de aplicación en muchas y variadas disciplinas, entre ellas la geomorfología y el estudio de la erosión. El método Structure from Motion (SfM) obtiene de forma automática un modelo 3D de un objeto a partir de múltiples imágenes convergentes empleando métodos automáticos de registro imagen a imagen y algoritmos de correspondencia de imágenes, lo que permite un alto nivel de automatización y una mayor facilidad de uso, con un coste muy bajo. En esta tesis se pretende establecer una metodología para la obtención de MDE de una zona experimental en laboratorio tras sucesivos episodios de simulación de lluvia mediante técnicas fotogramétricas basadas en SfM. A partir de los MDE obtenidos se realizará una estimación de la erosión aplicando técnicas de diferencias de MDE (DoD), contrastando estas estimaciones con los resultados de los sedimentos arrastrados por la escorrentía y la infiltración para validar el método. Los resultados han demostrado la idoneidad de esta técnica en los estudios de erosión en laboratorio. / [CAT] L'erosió hídrica del sòl és actualment un problema econòmic i ecològic en tot el món. La investigació actual dels processos que intervenen en l'erosió requereix informació detallada sobre la topografia de la superfície del sòl amb resolució i precisió adequades a l'escala de treball. Una part dels estudis que es realitzen per a la modelització i quantificació dels processos erosius es duen a terme en laboratori, a escales de detall (mil·limètriques) , i necessiten mètodes capaços de proporcionar mesuraments precisos de la superfície, d'una manera eficient. Els experiments realitzats en laboratori per al mesurament de l'erosió hídrica es basen en l'ús de simuladors de pluja sobre parcel·les de sòl de reduïdes dimensions. La rugositat o microrrelleu del sòl influeix considerablement en el repartiment d'aigua de pluja entre infiltració i escolament, i és un paràmetre important per a la modelització de processos erosius. La medició precisa del relleu de la parcel·la abans i després de la simulació de la pluja permet estimar l'erosió a partir de les diferències de volum. Així, en els últims anys s'ha produït una creixent demanda de dades topogràfiques de precisió en l'àmbit de les ciències geomorfològiques. La representació de la superfície del sòl es realitza a través de Models Digitals d'Elevacions (MDE) , generats a partir de dades altimètriques massives, adquirides per mitjà d'escàners làser o per tècniques fotogramètriques basades en imatges. La obtenció d'estes dades s'ha realitzat amb tècniques fotogramètriques clàssiques (entre altres) fins fa poc; no obstant això, no és una tasca trivial, i a més per a aconseguir les precisions necessàries s'ha de treballar amb una metodologia rigorosa que tinga en compte totes les fonts d'error en el procés. Els avanços experimentats en fotogrametria digital i altres àmbits relacionats, com el processament d'imatges i la visió per computador, han proporcionat noves ferramentes disponibles amb gran potencial d'aplicació en moltes i variades disciplines, entre elles la geomorfologia i l'estudi de l'erosió. El mètode Structure from Motion (SfM) obté de forma automàtica un model 3D d'un objecte a partir de múltiples imatges convergents emprant mètodes automàtics de registre imatge a imatge i algoritmes de correspondència d'imatges, la qual cosa permet un alt nivell d'automatització i una major facilitat d'ús, amb un cost molt baix. En esta tesi es pretén establir una metodologia per a l'obtenció de MDE d'una zona experimental en laboratori després de successius episodis de simulació de pluja per mitjà de tècniques fotogramètriques basades en SfM. A partir dels MDE obtinguts es realitzarà una estimació de l'erosió aplicant tècniques de diferències de MDE (DoD) , contrastant estes estimacions amb els resultats dels sediments arrossegats per l'escolament i la infiltració per a validar el mètode. Els resultats han demostrat la idoneïtat d'esta tècnica en els estudis d'erosió en laboratori. / Balaguer Puig, M. (2015). Análisis empírico de soluciones fotogramétricas en estudios de erosión hídrica en laboratorio [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58989 / TESIS

I denna uppsats studeras individers upplevelser av gränser i ett bostadsområde som har två olika boendeformer villor och hyreslägenheter. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka upplevelser av gränser och dess innebörder ses som skapade. Studiens frågeställningar är: vilka gränser upplever de boende i området? Vilken innebörd har gränserna för de boende? Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ natur och bygger på empirin från kvalitativa intervjuer. Studien har ett konstruktionistisk synsätt vilket innebär att de gränser som upplevs och dess innebörder ses som skapade. Studiens huvudresultat visar att de boende upplever flera gränser och att de inverkar på trygghet, samt hur de boende rör sig i bostadsområdet, vilket skapat en vi och dem-kultur.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23477号 / 工博第4889号 / 新制||工||1764(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 後藤 仁志, 教授 戸田 圭一, 准教授 原田 英治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Grafomotorick© obt­e (GD) vraznÄ ovlivuj­ kvalitu ivota koln­m vÄkem poÄ­naj­c, kde se vyv­jej­ grafomotorick© schopnosti, a do dchodov©ho vÄku. VÄasn diagnza tÄchto obt­­ a terapeutick zsah maj­ velk vznam k jejich zlepen­. Vzhledem k tomu, e GD souvis­ z v­cermi symptomy v oblasti kinematiky, zkladn­ kinematick© parametry jako rychlost, zrychlen­ a vih prokzaly efektivn­ kvantizaci tÄchto symptom. Objektivn­ vpoÄetn­ syst©m podpory rozhodovn­ pro identifikaci a vyeten­ GD vak nen­ dostupn. A proto je hlavn­m c­lem m© disertaÄn­ prce vzkum pokroÄil© metody parametrizace online p­sma pro analzu GD se speciln­m zamÄen­m na vyuit­ metod zlomkov©ho kalkulu. Tato prce je prvn­, kter experimentuje s vyuit­m derivac­ neceloÄ­seln©ho du (FD) pro analzu GD pomoc­ online p­sma z­skan©ho od pacient s Parkinsonovou nemoc­ a u dÄt­ koln­ho vÄku. Byla navrena a evaluovna nov metoda parametrizace online p­sma zaloena na FD vyuit­m Grnwald-Letnikova p­stupu. Bylo dokzno, e navren metoda vznamnÄ zlepuje diskriminaÄn­ s­lu a deskriptivn­ schopnosti v oblasti Parkinsonick© dysgrafie. StejnÄ tak metoda pozitivnÄ ovlivnila i nejmodernÄj­ techniky v oblasti analzy GD u dÄt­ koln­ho vÄku. Vyvinut parametrizace byla optimalizovna s ohledem na vpoÄetn­ nroÄnost (a o 80 %) a tak© na vyladÄn­ du FD. Ke konci prce byly porovnny v­cer© p­stupy vpoÄtu FD, jmenovitÄ Riemann-Liouvillv, Caputv spoleÄnÄ z Grnwald-Letnikovm p­stupem za Äelem identifikace tÄch nejvhodnÄj­ch pro jednotliv© oblasti analzy GD.

This thesis is focused on the issue of computational modeling of soil harvesting while using the compact excavator from the company DOOSAN BOBCAT EMEA s.r.o.. The solution consists in creating two computational models in Rocky DEM and Ansys Mechanical. Rocky DEM software is used to solve the disconnection of soil by excavator components using the discrete element method. The outcome includes courses of forces and moments during the particular time of the individual joints of the model that was used. The obtained courses are then applied as an external load to the joint of a selected structural part of the analyzed model using a kinematic model in ANSYS Mechanical. The kinematic model consists of simplified geometry models of individual parts of the excavator arm, and a more detailed geometry model of the analyzed part of the arm. All the parts are connected to each other by rotational bonds representing joints. A static structural analysis of the mechanical stress is performed in ANSYS Mechanical for the prepared model during the simulated process. Finally, the selected structural part is assessed with respect to the elastic limit and fatigue strength.

Die zunehmende Einsatzvielfalt von Hard- und Softwaresystemen führt zu einem wachsenden Bedarf, Betriebssysteme als (Software-) Infrastrukturen für Anwendungen zweckorientiert anzupassen bzw. herzustellen. Das Anwendungsgebiet reicht dabei über das der universellen Betriebssysteme für universelle Rechensysteme hinaus. Anwendungsentwicklung findet nicht mehr notwendigerweise ausschließlich im Anwendungsbereich statt, sondern kann sich auch auf unterliegende Systemschichten beziehen. Infrastruktur muß dafür einerseits offen sein, und andererseits muß es auch dort geeignete Strukturen geben, welche die Herstellung bzw. Anpassung von Infrastrukturkomponenten für Anwendungshersteller auch geeignet unterstützen. Dem Gesamtsystem sollte eine Architektur zugrunde liegen, welche strukturell, funktional und methodisch alle Systembereiche bzw. verschiedenartige Zielsysteme in einer einheitlichen, durchgängigen Weise erfaßt und heute vorhandene Strukturbrüche überwindet. Gleichzeitig muß der Spezifik unterschiedlicher Systemumgebungen Rechnung getragen werden. In dieser Dissertation wird eine dafür geeignete Architektur aus der Analyse des Gegenstandsbereichs dynamischer ablaufender Systeme hergeleitet und begründet. Die praktische Umsetzbarkeit wird anhand der Implementierung des CheOps-Kerns gezeigt und bewertet. Um der Verschiedenartigkeit von Systemen bzw. Systembereichen gerecht zu werden, ist ein hohes Maß an Skalierbarkeit der Architekturmerkmale erforderlich. Dies wird durch Trennung universeller Merkmale von konkreten Ausprägungen in jeweiligen Zielumgebungen erreicht. In der generalisierten Architektur wird das unterlegte, durchgängig anwendbare Architekturkonzept festgelegt. Es ist durch Schichten als vertikale Grundstruktur gekennzeichnet. Innerhalb von Schichten bilden (Verarbeitungs-) Instanzen das zentrale Strukturelement, um semantisch zusammengehörige Teilverarbeitungen identifizierbaren, aktiv dienstausführenden Elementen zuzuordnen. Das Vorbild dafür ist das aus dem Anwendungsbereich bekannte Client-Server-Modell. Die Anpassung an jeweilige Systemumgebungen erfolgt dann durch explizites Ableiten spezieller Ausprägungen von Elementen und Beziehungen aus den generellen Architekturmerkmalen und der Zuordnung jeweils geeigneter Ausführungs- und Ablaufeigenschaften. In dieser hier explizit vorgenommenen Differenzierung liegt ein wesentlicher Unterschied zu anderen Architekturvorschlägen. Erst dadurch wird das Grundmuster des Client-Server-Modells auf alle Infrastrukturschichten in speziell angepaßten Ausprägungen übertragbar und damit Anwendungsanpaßbarkeit strukturell auch für Infrastruktur unterstützt. Mit der Implementierung des CheOps-Kerns konnte gezeigt werden, daß sich das Strukturmuster von Instanzen selbst für die unterste Systemschicht der Unterbrechungsverarbeitung anwenden läßt und sich daraus neben strukturellen auch vorteilhafte Ablaufeigenschaften ergeben. Dieses neuartige Implementierungsprinzip auf Basis sogenannter iproc-Instanzen wird im zweiten Teil der Dissertation im Detail vorgestellt und bewertet.