E-books have a wide range of application spheres from rich-media presentations to web site archiving, from writing to financial statement. They make publishing, storing and distributing of information quite simple. As a new publication technique, the main concern with e-books is the copyright infringement. To prevent e-books from free duplication and distribution, different security mechanisms are used in their publishing and distributing processes. By investigating and analyzing Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Electronic Book Exchange (EBX), this thesis presents some security issues that the e-book industry are or should be aware. Various security problems and possible solutions are highlighted by means of two case studies.

The aim of this report is to examine if existing Digital Rights Management systems are useful and satisfying to the consumer, copyright owner and distributor. If not, is it possible to design a useful and satisfying Digital Rights Management system? During the past few years, copyright owners of music, movies and other media have seen how piracy has increased with the introduction of affordable broadband technology. Record and movie corporations have pushed for a solution to piracy and one of them is Digital Rights Management. They want their customers to pay for and then enjoy the digital media but at the same time protect the rights of the copyright owner. That is what Digital Rights Management is all about; protect the copyright owner while allowing the consumer to enjoy their digital media. Digital Rights Management can restrict the users rights to copy and transfer the contents to other devices as well as restrict the number of times a user is allowed to use the media. The present DRM systems are focusing on preventing digital media from being freely distributed by limiting the ability to copy or move the media. This puts limitations on fair use such as making personal copies of music. Copyright owners and distributors want more consumers to discover DRM, but so far, the consumers have shown little interest. This report is based on various resources on the Internet such as white papers on Digital Rights Management, our own experimentation and on Microsoft Media Rights Management SDK documentation. We do not believe it is possible to design a DRM system that consumers, copyright owners and distributors are satisfied with. It is not possible to combine the demands of copyright owners and the consumers’ claims of fair use.

The master’s thesis deals with the design of DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) receiver. The block diagram of receiver was chosen and particular blocks were theoretically analyzed. After that followed design and production of each block. The synthesizer was programmed and the receiver properties were verified. The last part of thesis deals with real receiving of DRM broadcast.

Wie in anderen Zellen sind auch bei Säugerspermien spezifische Lipide und Proteine der Zellmembran aufgrund ihrer heterogenen lateralen Verteilung in speziellen Domänen angereichert, die in unterschiedlichen räumlichen und zeitlichen Dimensionen existieren und der Zelle funktionale Variabilität ermöglichen. Aufgrund der fehlenden aktiven Proteinbiosynthese bietet dies den Spermien eine Möglichkeit, auf unterschiedliche Anforderungen zu reagieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden daher sogenannte detergenzresistente Membrandomänen (DRMs) aus Eberspermien unterschiedlicher Reifestadien präpariert und untersucht. Dabei stieg bereits in den Dichtegradienten mit zunehmender Reife die Dichte, bei der die opaleszenten Banden auftraten. Eine Analyse dieser mittels 31P-NMR zeigte mit zunehmender Reife eine Anreicherung an Glycerophosphatidylethanolamin und Phosphatidylinositol bei den Glycerophospholipiden, der Gehalt an Sphingomyelin hingegen nahm während der Nebenhodenreifung und auch nach der Ejakulation ab. Diese Veränderungen könnten auf eine Destabilisierung von Membrandomänen hindeuten, um eine Zusammenlagerung zu größeren Domänenclustern zu erleichtern, möglicherweise in Vorbereitung auf Kapazitation und Akrosomenreaktion. Zunächst werden die destabilisierten Membrandomänen jedoch durch die Anlagerung von Seminalplasmaproteinen geschützt, was vermutlich für das verringerte Lipid- zu Proteinverhältnis der DRMs bei Ejakulatspermien sorgt. Aufgrund der generellen Kälteempfindlichkeit von Eberspermien findet ihre Lagerung üblicherweise bei 16°C statt. Dies ist aus mikrobiologischer Sicht nachteilig gegenüber einer kälteren Lagerungstemperatur. Eine Untersuchung der Spermien von 64 Ebern zeigte jedoch bei 10% der Ejakulate eine individuum-spezifische Resistenz gegenüber der Lagerung bei 4°C. Die DRMs der kälteresistenten Spermien hatten einen erhöhten Anteil an langkettigen, mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren, wie 31P-NMR und MALDI-TOF MS Analysen zeigten. / The lateral distribution of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane is heterogeneous. Therefore specific lipids and proteins in membranes of mammalian spermatozoa are enriched in special domains of varying size and different time scales enabling the cell’s membrane functional variability. Being transcriptional inactive this is especially relevant for spermatozoa in responding to multiple challenges on their way to fertilization. Therefore so called detergent resistant membrane domains (DRMs) from boar spermatozoa of different developmental stages were investigated. Already in the sucrose density gradients differences were visible, so the opalescent bands of more maturated sperm had a higher density. An analysis of these bands by 31P-NMR showed an enrichment of glycerophosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol during maturation and a decrease of sphingomyelin during maturation in the epididymis and even after ejaculation. This suggests destabilization of DRMs and hence of putative membrane domains. This could enable clustering to bigger membrane domain platforms in preparation for capacitation and acrosome reaction. First, however, seminal fluid proteins cover the spermatozoa protecting the membrane with the destabilized membrane domains. This could have led to the detected decrease of the lipid to protein ratio in DRMs of ejaculated sperm. Boar spermatozoa are sensitive to storage at cold temperatures and are therefore usually stored at 16°C, which is especially disadvantageous with regard to growing of bacteria. A screening of sperm from 64 boars showed a ratio of 10% individuals with cold resistant sperm which could be stored at 4°C without quality loss. The DRMs of cold resistant sperm had a higher proportion of longchained, polyunsaturated fatty acids, as shown by analysis with 31P-NMR und MALDI-TOF MS.

Die Arbeit umfasst die Synthese von lipophilen Inositolen und Glycerollipiden, welche auf ihre Raftophilie getestet wurden. Des weiteren wurden eine Reihe neuer Ceramide synthetisiert und diese in Bioassays auf ihre Wirksamkeit gegenüber diversen Krankheiten wie Influenza getestet.

Die Arbeit umfasst die Synthese von lipophilen Inositolen und Glycerollipiden, welche auf ihre Raftophilie getestet wurden. Des weiteren wurden eine Reihe neuer Ceramide synthetisiert und diese in Bioassays auf ihre Wirksamkeit gegenüber diversen Krankheiten wie Influenza getestet.

[pt] O Ministério da Comunicações vem incentivando a realização de avaliações com sistemas de radiodifusão sonora digital, visando a futura decisão para a escolha do Padrão de Rádio Digital a ser adotado no País. Nos anos de 2012 a 2014 foram realizadas pelo CETUC, em parceria com o Ministério da Comunicações, a Anatel e o Inmetro, campanhas de medições nas faixas de ondas médias e VHF em algumas cidades do país, para avaliar os padrões de radiodifusão digital e subsidiar a decisão em curso sobre o padrão a ser adotado no Brasil. As campanhas envolveram medições estáticas e medições com mobilidade. Os dados das medições estáticas já foram analisados e os resultados divulgados. Neste trabalho são analisados os resultados das medições móveis. A primeira parte desse estudo trata da comparação dos resultados experimentais com os modelos de predição semiempíricos. Posteriormente, a análise estatística da variabilidade do sinal recebido em termos dos desvanecimentos de larga e pequena escala. Na parte final, a qualidade de recepção e a cobertura do sinal digital foram analisados a partir dos dados das medições. / [en] The Communications Ministry has been encouraging evaluations with digital sound broadcasting systems, aiming at the future decision for the Digital Radio Standard choice to be adopted in Brazil. In 2012 to 2014 were carried out by CETUC, in partnership with the Communications Ministry, Anatel and Inmetro, measurements campaigns at the medium and VHF bands in some cities of the country, to evaluate the digital broadcasting standards and to subsidize the current decision on the standard to be adopted in Brazil. Static and mobility measurements were involved at the campaign. The static measurement data have already been analyzed and the results reported. In this work, the mobile measurements results are analyzed. At the first part of this study deals with the comparison between experimental results with prediction models. Subsequently, statistical analysis of the received signal variability in terms of large and small scale fading were done. In the final part, reception quality and digital signal coverage were examined from the measurement data.

A great deal of attention has been devoted by researchers to examine different aspects of the relationship between marketing orientation (MO) and competitive advantage, mostly within causal relationship style research. However, the mechanisms and intermediate variables underlying this relationship remain vague and poorly investigated. Drawing upon mixed method research utilising qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study aims to offer further insight into this relationship within Jordan’s telecommunications market, focusing on customer satisfaction and customer retention as two prominent performance indicators in this market. Hence, this research set out to investigate the mechanisms and interrelationships that link marketing orientation and organisational performance, the issue that seems to be highly justified in the matured and competitive market where consumers have more choices, switching cost are decreasing and retention of the market base is becoming more and more difficult. As a case study undertaken in Jordan’s telecommunications market, the main four telecommunications operators in the market were represented. Quantitative data analysis was used to determine the variations between the main operators in the market regarding their adopted levels of marketing orientation. On the other hand, the qualitative technique - namely semi-structured interviews - represents the main instrument the study utilises to gain an in-depth insight into the relationship between marketing orientation (MO) and organisational performance. This qualitative tool enabled the researcher to construct a rich picture of the mechanisms and ways by which firms manage the different attitudinal dimensions of customer satisfaction and the behavioural dimensions of customer retention. Results of the research confirm significant variations between high- and low-marketing orientation telecommunications operators with regard to the approaches, drivers and mechanisms by which firms manage their capabilities to achieve customer satisfaction and customer retention. Thus, two different patterns were indicated which were associated with the adopted level of marketing orientation of these firms. The most important finding to come out of the research was that genuine marketing orientation is an integrated attitudinal-behavioural perspective. Hence, any deficiencies or even ignoring of any aspect will weaken a firm’s overall value creation capability, the main mission of the marketing-oriented firm. In addition, internal culture emerged as a critical success factor for marketing-oriented firms. It serves as the glue that ensures a firm’s values are adhered to, and also allows a clearer understanding of a firm’s vision and mission, which in turn resulted in the fact that these firms are more capable to translate their attitudes into practice on the ground. Moreover, the role of marketing orientation was substantial as it worked as a supportive environment that stimulates a firm’s capabilities to integrate and coordinate its resources and competencies into new ones in such a way as to enhance its overall performance as well as to achieve congruence with the changing business environment. The importance of this research stems from its nature and approach in studying the relationship between marketing orientation and organisational performance. The main issue being evaluated is different from the bulk of marketing orientation works that have focused on examining different aspects of marketing orientation and organisational performance within causal relationship-style research, and mostly within a short-run view. In contrast, this study is concerned with gaining in-depth understanding of this relationship through evaluating its mechanisms and interrelationships, the aspect that was treated as a black box in prior research.

法律明定使用者可以對別人的創作內容有一定程度的合理使用(Fair Use)範圍，像是以教學為用途而可影印書籍部份內容。然而合理使用的規範判定在電腦上難以實作，現有的DRM (Digital Rights Management, 著作權管理)系統甚少實現這樣的理想。 本研究在現有的ODRL2語言上架上使用本體論(Ontology)語言來加強本身所缺乏的語意，讓本體論與規則語言(Rule Language)結合，來達到規範(Policy)標示的能力，並且使用現有的推論引擎(Reasoning Engine)，拿到規範正確執行的能力。最後在帶有規範執行的機制底下，標示合理使用的基本規範，並加強ODRL的標示能力去逼近合理使用的精神。 / United States copyright laws grants users the rights to make “fair use” of copyrighted works, e.g. copying part of a book for the use of education purpose. Current digital rights management (DRM) systems are hard to enforce fair use doctrine for two reasons. First is that the current XML-based rights expression language (REL) are unable to describe the rights of fair use; and second is that the architecture of DRM systems interferes with fair use. This approach proposed a rights expression language based on ODRL 2.0 with Semantic Web technologies to get the ability to describe fair use policies. In addition, we design a fair use procedure mechanism for managing and enforcing fair use policies defined by trusted third parties. Both REL improvement and new procedure are done to approximate fair use.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-06T16:52:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Bruno Quinta de Souza Leal.pdf: 116273125 bytes, checksum: 5e247a988672d255dad21fa0aedcc5da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-06T16:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Bruno Quinta de Souza Leal.pdf: 116273125 bytes, checksum: 5e247a988672d255dad21fa0aedcc5da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) who receive treatment with Imatib mesylate (IM) is extremely important, because it enables the evaluation of the response to the treatment and the early diagnosis of possible recurrences. The objective of this study was to standardize molecular methods used in order to monitor MRD in patients with CML, on therapy with IM. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 11 patients diagnosed with CML in October 2012 to September 2013, in the Department of Hematology of Hospital Araújo Jorge of the Association to Combat Cancer in Goiás. Three months after starting treatment, patients underwent a new peripheral blood collection for evaluation of MRD. Detecting bcr-abl transcripts and endogenous controls (abl and β2m) employed reverse transcription methods associated with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while quantification of bcr-abl transcripts was achieved by using reverse transcription associated with real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) and Taqman probes. Specific oligonucleotides and probes recognizing e13a2 and e14a2 junctions of bcr-abl transcripts and to the abl endogenous control were used in this study. By the time of diagnosis, three patients (27.3%) expressed the b2a2 transcript, five patients (45.5%) expressed the b3a2 transcript, two patients (18.2%) expressed both transcripts and one patient (9%) did not express any of the transcripts. The endogenous controls analysis resulted in better amplification for the abl transcript, which was used in the RQ-PCR reactions. The assessment of DRM was possible in only eight patients, due to the loss of follow-up. Three months after starting treatment with IM, all patients presented complete hematologic response. However, only one patient (12.5%) presented the undetectable transcript, reaching the full molecular response, while the other seven patients (87.95%) presented MRD. One (12.5%) of the seven patients who presented MRD, reached complete molecular response, while six patients (75%) presented a reduction of two logs, achieving minor molecular response, and one patient (12.5%) presented only partial molecular response. By using molecular biology methods, our results have enabled the standardization and the establishment of a laboratory routine, according to the international guidelines, for monitoring MRD in patients with CML. / O monitoramento de doença residual mínima (DRM) em pacientes com leucemia meilóide crônica (LMC) que recebem tratamento com mesilato de imatibe (MI) é extremamente relevante, pois possibilita o acompanhamento da resposta e o diagnóstico precoce de eventuais recidivas da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar métodos moleculares utilizados na avaliação de DRM em pacientes com LMC, em tratamento com MI. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de 11 pacientes diagnosticados com LMC, no período de outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2013, no Setor de Hematologia do Hospital Araújo Jorge da Associação de Combate ao Câncer em Goiás. Três meses após o início do tratamento, os pacientes foram submetidos a uma nova coleta de sangue periférico para avaliação de DRM. A detecção dos transcritos bcr-abl e controles endógenos (abl e β2m) empregaram os métodos de transcrição reversa associados à reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR), enquanto a quantificação dos transcritos bcr-abl foi feita por meio de transcrição reversa associada à PCR em tempo real (RQ-PCR), utilizando a metodologia de sondas de hidrólise (TaqMan). Oligonucleotídeos e sondas Taqman específicos para as junções e13a2 e e14a2 dos transcritos bcr-abl e para o controle endógeno (abl) foram usados neste estudo. Ao diagnóstico, três pacientes (27,3%) expressaram o transcrito b2a2, cinco pacientes (45,5%) o transcrito b3a2, dois pacientes (18,2%) expressaram ambos os transcritos e um paciente (9%) não expressou nenhum dos transcritos. A amplificação dos controles endógenos resultou em melhor amplificação para o transcrito abl, que foi usado nas reações de RQ-PCR. A avaliação de DRM foi possível em oito pacientes, devido à perda de seguimento dos demais. Três meses após o início do tratamento com MI, todos os pacientes apresentaram resposta hematológica completa. No entanto, apenas um paciente (12,5%) apresentou o transcrito bcr-abl indetectável, alcançando a reposta molecular completa, enquanto os outros sete pacientes (87,95%) apresentaram DRM. Dentre os sete pacientes que apresentaram DRM, seis (75%) apresentaram redução de um a dois logs, alcançando resposta molecular menor, enquanto um (12,5%) apresentou resposta molecular parcial. Nossos resultados possibilitaram a padronização e o estabelecimento de uma rotina segundo as diretrizes internacionais, para monitoramento da DRM em pacientes com LMC, utilizando métodos de biologia molecular.