A pesca no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos é uma atividade em disputa. De um lado, as comunidades de pesca produzem seus territórios de pesca através dos seus respectivos Conhecimentos Ecológicos Tradicionais (CET) que embasam os diferentes modos de usos dos recursos pesqueiros, os sistemas de manejo de recursos pesqueiros tradicionais (MT). A atividade pesqueira no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos é anterior à colonização portuguesa sendo os CETs que embasam os MTs resultado de um hibridismo cultural entre indígenas, afro e luso-descendentes. De outro, o Estado Moderno implementa políticas públicas de manejo de recursos pesqueiros, sobretudo a partir da segunda metade da década de 1970, que resultam na implementação de um sistema de manejo de recursos pesqueiros moderno (MM), característico de um projeto colonial de dominação. Como resultado da implementação do MM, a pesca entra em colapso na primeira metade da década de 1970 e as indústrias pesqueiras decretam falência na década de 1980. Para solucionar a crise no setor pesqueiro, na segunda metade da década de 1990 cria-se o Fórum da Lagoa dos Patos (FLP) onde se formula a atual legislação que regulamenta a pesca no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, a Instrução Normativa Conjunta de 2004 (INC 2004). A INC 2004 implementa um MM através da imposição de um calendário de pesca que se torna institucionalizado e, por isso, oficializado. O objetivo desta tese é descrever o processo de des-re territorialização das comunidades de pesca do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos gerado pelo Estado Moderno na implementação da INC 2004. Para atingir tal objetivo, foram utilizadas basicamente duas técnicas de pesquisa para coleta de dados do CET, que produz os territórios tradicionais, e dos conhecimentos, verdades e valores mobilizados na formulação da INC 2004: entrevistas e levantamento bibliográfico. A partir dos dados obtidos, foi necessário o desenvolvimento de uma proposta própria que se enquadra na perspectiva integradora de território: território como conhecimento. Segundo esta proposta, território é um espaço epistêmico produzido a partir do espaço. Com a tentativa de implementação da INC 2004, emerge um conflito ambiental territorial na produção de um espaço através do controle do uso de recursos pesqueiros no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. O Estado Moderno, que exibe caráter colonial, opera estrategicamente sobre o espaço tentando forçar o curso da modernidade às comunidades de pesca na produção de um espaço epistêmico disciplinar. O resultado, se o Estado Moderno fosse bem sucedido em seu projeto de colonialismo cultural, seria um epistemicídio: a eliminação dos multiterritórios operados pelo CET com uma dinâmica multicalendárica em cada uma das comunidades de pesca artesanal do estuário e a sua substituição por um território operado por uma racionalidade ocidental com um ritmo mecânico através da imposição do Calendário Oficializado da INC 2004. As comunidades de pesca, por sua vez, resistem silenciosa e abertamente operando taticamente via CET na produção de espaços de R-existência. Surpreendentemente, em movimentos diagramáticos infinitos, ambos, Estado Moderno e comunidades de pesca, des-re-territorializam um ao outro. / Fishing in the estuary of Patos Lagoon is an activity in dispute. On the one hand, fishing communities produce their fishing territories through their respective Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), which grounds the different use modes of fishery resources, the traditional resource management systems (TM). The fishing activity in Patos Lagoon estuary is prior to the Portuguese colonization and the TEKs which ground TMs are a result of a cultural hybridity among indigenous, African and Portuguese descendants. On the other hand, especially from the second half of the 1970s, the modern State has been implementing policies for fishery management which have led to the establishment of a modern sciencebased resource management (SM), characteristic of a colonial project of domination. As a result, fishery collapsed in the first half of the 1970s and fishing industries filed bankruptcy in the 1980s. To solve the crisis in the fishery sector in the second half of the 1990s, Forum of Patos Lagoon (FLP) was created. It was at the Forum that the 2004 Normative Instruction (INC 2004), the current legislation which regulates fishing in the estuary of Patos Lagoon, was formulated. INC 2004 implements an SM by imposing a fishing calendar that becomes institutionalized and, therefore, officialized. The objective of this thesis is to describe the process of de-reterritorialization in the fishing communities of the estuary of the Patos Lagoon which was generated by the Modern State when it implemented INC 2004. To achieve this goal, data on TEK were obtained through open and semi-structured interviews and ethnoscientific bibliographic review. Data on knowledge, truths and values that support the formulation of INC 2004 were collected through open interviews held with researchers, who played a key role in mobilizing such intellectual resources and through bibliographic research on the four fisheries whose fishing periods are regulated by INC 2004. From the data obtained, it was necessary to develop our own proposal that fits the integrative perspective of territory: territory as knowledge. Under this proposal, the territory is an epistemic space originating from space. With the attempted implementation of INC 2004, an environmental territorial conflict has emerged in the production of space through the control of the use of fishery resources in the Patos Lagoon estuary. The Modern State, in a display of its colonial character, strategically operates upon space by trying to force the course of modernity on the fishing communities in the production of a disciplined epistemic space. The result, if the Modern State were successful in its project of cultural colonialism would be an epistemicide: the elimination of multi-territories operated by TEK with a multicalendaric dynamics in each of the artisanal fishing communities of the estuary and its replacement by a territory operated by Western rationality, with a mechanical rhythm through the imposition of the official calendar of INC 2004. Fishing communities, in turn, resist quietly and openly by operating tactically via TEK in the production of spaces of R-existence. Surprisingly, in diagrammatic infinite movements, both the Modern State and fishing communities de-reterritorialize one another.

The Ruderal Triptych is a narrative, fictional, artistic, research project. It centers itself on questions of ownership as a legal and physical machinery, that works within global extractive economies. I want to question what we are really producing when we produce architecture. For as it stands it might not be the study of space, a lofty exploration of homes and places, but a professional discipline. Tied to the economical organization of a commodity society. Ownership of land, as a means of production. As an organizational principle is the foundation of current nation states, where the plot is registered on the surface of the state and thereafter upon to the global hegemonic economy of speculation. While our profession is disciplined to work within this framework, what are we really doing when we build “sustainably” are we sustaining life? the earth? the industry or the institutions more broadly?  When we try to take Bennett, Maccormack or Haraway seriously what space is there in this system for the nonhuman actors of the world? No rat can sign a lease, they have to be spoken for by someone else. So the professional architecture comes into crisis when trying to address real sustainability.The purpose of this project is to try to imagine beyond property as constraint for the ideation of architecture, through a series of explorations, narratives, and Artifacts/drawings/paintings that together make up the triptych.

大多數學者通常從後殖民的觀點閱讀佛斯特的《印度之旅》(A Passage to India, 1924)，因此，他們的批評大多聚焦在「對他者的再現」(the representation of the other)。然而，這些學者忽略了在《印度之旅》中，自我與他者的交會乃是旅行的結果。雖然探討《印度之旅》中種族間互動的評論不在少數，但旅行的概念卻常被視為理所當然。如同小說標題所示，《印度之旅》乃是一趟從英國至印度的旅行，因此，本論文擬以「旅行敘述」(travel narrative) 的觀點閱讀《印度之旅》。然而，「旅行」一詞的意義到底為何？根據《牛津英語大辭典》，「旅行」大致意味著空間上的移位。然而，本文企圖以「暴露於他者」(exposure to the other)、「自我的去疆域化」 (deterritorialization of the self) 與「變成他者」 (becoming-other) 重新定義旅行。 既然旅行涉及自我與他者之間的互動，本文先援引列維納斯 (Emmanuel Levinas) 的「他者的倫理」(ethics of the other) 來區分「激進他者」 (radical other) 與「抽象他者」(metaphysical other)。接著，本文引用德希達 (Jacques Derrida) 對列維納斯的閱讀與他對「悅納異己」(hospitality) 的討論，以進一步闡述他者的概念。為了探討自我在他者影響之下的轉變，本文亦運用德勒茲 (Gilles Deleuze) 與瓜達里 (Félix Guattari) 的「再疆域化」(reterritorialization)、「去疆域化」(deterritorialization)、與「變成」(becoming) 的概念。這些理論的整合導出了伊斯蘭 (Syed Manurul Islam) 所區分的兩種旅行──靜止旅行(sedentary travel) 與遊牧旅行 (nomadic travel)。 本文共分五章：〈第一章：導論〉、〈第二章：理論架構〉、〈第三章：靜止旅行〉、〈第四章：遊牧旅行〉與〈第五章：結論〉。〈第二章：理論架構〉主要闡述上面所提及的理論家。〈第三章：靜止旅行〉藉由費爾亭 (Cyril Fielding) 與何德蕾 (Adela Quested) 闡明靜止旅行的概念。相較於費爾亭，何德蕾的例子較為複雜，因為她經歷了兩次去疆域化的過程 (第一次在馬拉巴山洞裡，第二次在法庭上)。〈第四章：遊牧旅行〉則聚焦在摩爾夫人 (Mrs. Moore) 這個角色上。這章的編排不僅與小說劇情的時間性一致，也企圖呈現摩爾夫人所經歷的三個階段的轉變。 / Most critics tend to read E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India (1924) from the perspective of post-colonialism, and therefore, the focus of their criticism is often on the representation of the other. However, these critics neglect the fact that the encounter of the self with the other in A Passage to India is in fact a result of travel. Although there is much discussion on racial interaction in A Passage to India, the concept of travel is more than often taken for granted. As the title of the novel indicates, A Passage to India deals with a travel from England to India, and hence, this thesis examines the novel from the perspective of travel narrative. Yet, what does the term “travel” signify? According to Oxford English Dictionary, travel generally refers to a displacement in space. Nevertheless, this thesis tries to re-define “travel” in terms of exposure to the other, deterritorialization of the self, and becoming-other. Since travel narrative deals with the vacillation between the self and the other, this thesis begins with Emmanuel Levinas’s ethics of the other to distinguish the radical other from the metaphysical other. Next, this thesis includes Jacques Derrida’s theories of “hospitality” for further elaboration on the concept of the other. In order to probe into the transformation of the self under the influence of the other, this thesis also employs Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s ideas of “reterritorialization,” “deterritorialization” and “becoming.” The compilation of these theories, finally, amounts to Syed Manurul Islam’s division between two kinds of travel—sedentary travel (travel without traveling) and nomadic travel (traveling without return). This thesis is divided into five chapters: “Introduction” (Chapter One), “Theoretical Framework” (Chapter Two), “Sedentary Travel” (Chapter Three), “Nomadic Travel” (Chapter Four) and “Conclusion” (Chapter Five). Chapter Two, “Theoretical Framework,” is an elucidation of the above mentioned theories. Chapter Three, “Sedentary Travel,” illustrates the concept of sedentary travel by exploring Cyril Fielding and Adela Quested. Adela’s case is much more intricate when compared to Fielding’s, for she goes through two instances of deterritorialization: the first in the Marabar Caves and the second in the court. Chapter Four, “Nomadic Travel,” focuses on the character Mrs. Moore. The exploration of Mrs. Moore not only corresponds to the chronological sequence of the plot but also aims to explain the different stages of transformation Mrs. Moore undergoes.

英國女劇作家渥坦貝克(Timeberlake Wertenbaker) 筆下著名的《夜鶯之愛》 (The Love of the Nightingale) 在近年來獲得多方批評家的討論。大多數的批評家總以政治及性別的角度探討這部劇作中呈現女性如何成為男性暴力下的受害者。然而，本論文將採用德勒茲 (Gilles Deleuze) 和瓜塔里 (Félix Guattari) 的去疆域化 (deterritorialization)、生成動物 (becoming-animal)、再疆域化 (reterritorialization)、及少數文學 (the minor literature) 的理論概念，重新剖析渥坦貝克如何透過翻譯 (translation)、互文性 (intertextuality)、變形 (transformation) 書寫等寫作策略，彰顯普洛克涅 (Procne) 及菲勒美拉 (Philomele) 如何在受盡錯置及語言喪失的苦痛後，找到越界的可能性。在德勒茲和瓜塔里的理論架構之下，本論文的第一章節將先詮釋普洛克涅及菲勒美拉如何離開父系體制，並藉由逃逸路線 (lines of flight) 展開去疆域化的旅程，並在去疆域化的過程中面臨到未知的危險及機會。再者，論文中也探討普洛克涅及菲勒美拉的動物變形可以被視為她們僭越傳統意識型態束縛的証據。在經歷過生成動物 (becoming-animal) 的過程之後，普洛克涅及菲勒美拉改變了她們對於原生社會及世界的態度及看法。最後，普洛克涅及菲勒美拉的再疆域化帶領她們到另一個新的疆界，釋放女性內心的忿怒及慾望。在新的疆域中，女性們發現到另一個新的出口，重新探索流動性主體的存在，挑戰有機體式的國家體制。 / Timberlake Wertenbaker’s The Love of the Nightingale (1989) is the preeminent play of translation which calls many critics’s attention. Based on the myth of Procne and Philomele, The Love of the Nightingale is always discussed by critics from the political and sexual perspectives to show how women become the powerless victims under the male violence. However, in this thesis, I would like to use Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of deterritorializaion, becoming-animal, and reterritorialization to analyze how Procne and Philomele find out the possibility of transgression from the suffering dislocation and dispossession of language through Wertenbaker’s dramaturgy of translation, intertextuality, and transformation. Applying Deleuze’s and Guattari’s theories to analyze The Love of the Nightingale, I would first show how Procne and Philomele obtain the chances to leave the patriarchical territory, beginning their deterritorialization to encounter unknown risks and chances via lines of flight. After the deterritorialization, Procne’s and Philomele’s physical metamorphosis could be regarded as the evidence of how they traverse the presupposed ideological system. In the process of becoming-animal, Procne and Philomele change their attitudes and perspectives toward their cultures and the world. Later, they are reterritorialized to another territory, releasing their desire and anger. In the new territory, they could find another way to search fluid identities and to challenge the state apparatus.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / This thesis has as its main objective to understand the process of sociospacial (re) configuration occurring in the Geographic agrarian Mesoregion of the Southwest Rio- Grandense/Campanha Gaúcha (RS), especially from the opposition between the latifundiarian space and the rural settlements, producing significant expressions of rural reterritorialization in the regional space. In order to accomplish this analysis, the time focus is limited to after 1990, which highlights the struggle for the possession of land in Rio Grande do Sul, and consequently, the installation process of the projects of rural settlements in the region. Thus, a new territorial dynamics becomes evident in some boroughs of Campanha Gaúcha after the process of rural reterritorialization. Our methodology is guided in a qualitative approach. From that premise, we intend to meet the proposed objectives. In the theoretical framework we discuss the importance of incorporating the concept of Territorializationdeterritorialization- reterritorialization (TDR) in the studies on the different territorialities promoted by social movements in the countryside. We also use the concept of territorial identity, as in the referred analysis these are concepts which are complementary. This is justified because we clearly identified two territorial identities present in expressions of rural reterritorialization in the region. We have detected that the territorial configuration of Campanha Gaúcha in this beginning of the XXI century is quite complex due to the heterogeneity of the actors involved in the territorial plot, presenting itself as a regional space where roughness is evident, but with significant changes underway. Therefore, we are before a new rural territoriality which expresses its sociocultural manifestations through material and non-material elements, promoting a metamorphosis in the regional latifundiarian space. From these new relationships, the reterritorialized peasants express in this new territory their territorial identity. In this context, the agrarian space of Campanha Gaúcha does not present itself as homogeneous as demonstrated in the discourse of regional identity of the last century. Although it remains the essence of the Gaúcho latifundiarian space, of the traditional border peasant, of the capitalist tenant of the earth, it is also the scene of new experiences nurtured by the territorialization of the struggle for the land, and the sociocultural expressions of the rural reterritorialization. / A presente tese tem como objetivo central compreender o processo de (re) configuração socioespacial em curso no agrário da Mesorregião Geográfica do Sudoeste Rio- Grandense/Campanha Gaúcha (RS), a partir do embate entre o espaço latifundiário e os assentamentos rurais que, produzem significativas expressões da reterritorialização camponesa no espaço regional. Para realizar a referida análise, delimitamos o recorte temporal pós-1990 no qual se acentua a luta pela posse da terra no Rio Grande do Sul e, consequentemente, o processo de instalação dos projetos de assentamentos rurais na região. Assim, torna-se evidente uma nova dinâmica territorial em alguns municípios da Campanha Gaúcha, após o processo de reterritorialização camponesa. Nossa metodologia pautou-se na abordagem qualitativa. A partir dessa premissa, procuramos responder os objetivos propostos. No referencial teórico, discutimos a importância da incorporação do conceito de Territorialização-Desterritorialização-Reterritorialização (TDR) embasados nos estudos sobre as diferentes territorialidades promovidas pelos movimentos sociais no campo. Utilizamos também o conceito de identidade territorial, pois na análise em questão são conceitos que se complementam. Isso se justifica porque identificamos claramente duas identidades territoriais presentes nas expressões da reterritorialização camponesa na região. Detectamos que a configuração territorial da Campanha Gaúcha nesse início de século XXI é bastante complexa em função da heterogeneidade de atores envolvidos na trama territorial, apresentando-se como um espaço regional onde as rugosidades são evidentes, mas com transformações significativas em curso. Estamos, portanto, diante de uma nova territorialidade camponesa que expressa suas manifestações socioculturais por meio de elementos materiais e imateriais, promovendo uma metamorfose no espaço latifundiário regional. A partir dessas novas relações, os camponeses reterritorializados expressam nesse novo território sua identidade territorial. Nesse contexto, o espaço agrário da Campanha Gaúcha não se apresenta tão homogêneo como indicava o discurso da identidade regional do século passado. Embora continue sendo o cerne do espaço latifundiário gaúcho, do tradicional camponês fronteiriço, do arrendatário capitalista da terra, é também palco de novas experiências da territorialização da luta pela terra e expressões socioculturais da reterritorialização camponesa. / Doutor em Geografia

Due to intense environmental changes in recent decades, the territories of artisanal fishing (seas, rivers, estuaries, lakes, ponds) have suffered deep changes (pollution, reduction of fish stock, loss of biodiversity, predatory tourism, large public works, coastal erosion), which directly affects the lives of many communities of fishers. Some of these environmental changes have led those who depend on fishing for susbsistence to leave, with their families, their traditional places of work and residence. The general objective of this study is to understand the socio-cultural and economic processes of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization (TDR) experienced by artisanal fishermen,particularly when they were forced to leave their hometown, Cabeço thorp , due to the coastal erosion, in order to live in Saramém, in Brejo Grande, Sergipe. Saramém is located on the shore of the mouth of São Francisco river, as so was Cabeço. In order to understand these processes, the methodology used was the ethnography, which was built based on direct and participant observation, semistructured interviews about the life history of artisanal fishermen, photographic records and the use of a diary. In this sense, the ethnoknowledge of the fishermen was taken into consideration. The survey lasted from September 2012 to June 2013, and about 30 fishermen were interviewed. As a result, we obtained an understanding that the processes of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization caused material and immaterial damage, like the loss of traditional fishing places and changes in the spaces of common use (fishing territories. Moreover, neighborhood relations were changed and symbolic links with the territory were lost and (re)signified. As for the scientific and social relevance of the research, it is doubly important, both for public policies (to the understanding of the environmental impacts from the fishermen way of living), and for academic studies, especially for the notions of culturally defined spaces by the artisanal fishermen territoriality. Therefore, the importance of the ethnoknowledge as the approach of this dissertation. / Em decorrência de intensas mudanças socioambientais ocorridas nas últimas décadas, os territórios da pesca artesanal (mares, rios, estuários, lagos, lagoas, etc.) vêm sofrendo profundas transformações (poluição, diminuição dos estoques de pescados, perda da biodiversidade, turismo predatório, grandes obras públicas, erosão costeira), o que afeta diretamente o modo de vida de muitas comunidades de pescadores(as) no país. Algumas dessas transformações socioambientais têm levado diversos homens e mulheres, que vivem diretamente da pesca, a abandonar, com seus familiares, seus tradicionais lugares de trabalho e morada. O presente estudo possui como objetivo compreender os processos socioculturais e econômicos de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização (TDR) vividos pelos pescadores artesanais de Saramém, Brejo Grande-Sergipe, particularmente quando estes foram obrigados, devido ao avanço do mar, a ir morar nesta localidade, advindos do Povoado do Cabeço. Saramém localiza-se na margem da foz do Rio São Francisco, assim como era o Cabeço. Em busca da compreensão desses processos, a metodologia utilizada foi a etnografia, que se construiu com base na observação direta e participante, em entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre a história de vida dos pescadores artesanais, registros fotográficos e uso de um diário de campo. Nesse sentido, o etnoconhecimento dos pescadores também foi valorizado. A pesquisa durou de setembro de 2012 a junho de 2013, foram entrevistados trinta pescadores. Como resultado, obteve-se a compreensão de que os processos de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização provocaram danos materiais e imateriais, a exemplo das perdas dos lugares tradicionais de pesca, alterações nos espaços de uso comum (territórios de pesca), enquanto fruto de impactos negativos sobre os recursos naturais que se deram na foz do Rio São Francisco. Ademais, relações de vizinhança foram alteradas e elos simbólicos com o território perdidos e (re)significados. Quanto à relevância científica e social da pesquisa, entende-se que a mesma é duplamente importante, seja para as políticas públicas (compreensão dos impactos ambientais a partir do modo de vida dos pescadores), seja para os estudos acadêmicos, especialmente para as noções de espaços culturalmente definidos pelas territorialidades dos pescadores artesanais. Por isso, a importância do etnoconhecimento enquanto abordagem desta dissertação.

The submitted thesis "Reteritorialization of the Austrian-Slovenian-Croatian border as a causal impact of the European integration process" analytically approaches the issue of the reterritorialization process within the state-centric, still valid Westphalian system. The topic of reterritorialization is important especially in the context of considering the spatial or territorial impacts of ongoing European integration. This integration can take the form of establishing so called Euroregions or cross-border cooperation. The territorial framework was chosen on the basis that Slovenia is one of the most typical border and contact social areas in Europe. This assumption was subsequently linked to the time perspective, when the above-mentioned three states joined the European Union at almost the same interval. Appropriate choice of territory and time framework in the work is the basis for the analysis of the impacts of the phenomenon of reterritorialization. The analytical part of the work is organized as a discursive analysis of texts whose authors are researchers from the university environment. As members of academia often have a direct impact on the local implementation of cohesion policy, the analysis is complemented with the interpretation of the results of thematic structured interviews. These...