« L'École au centre de la vie de la " communauté " ». La politique éducative sud-africaine a fait de ce slogan un moteur pour remédier aux inégalités scolaires héritées de l'apartheid au moyen de la gestion décentralisée des écoles. Mais comment répondre à cette injonction dans un pays où la notion de « communauté » est associée à la politique d'apartheid et où, à l'ère démocratique, les clivages sociaux et spatiaux restent forts ? Cette recherche déconstruit d'abord la notion de « communauté » et propose une analyse sous l'angle du lien social pour la dissocier de son contenu idéologique. À partir de l'étude ethnographique d'une bourgade rurale du KwaZulu-Natal, « racialement » et socialement mixte, elle explore les liens sociaux à l’œuvre. Après avoir mis en évidence l'existence d'un quasi-marché scolaire, la thèse montre, à travers les stratégies des écoles et les pratiques des parents, comment l'École vient consolider, maintenir ou fragiliser le lien social et œuvrer ou pas à « faire communauté ». / "Schools as centres of community life". The South African educational policy has used this motto as a driving force to reduce educational inequalities inherited from the apartheid era by decentralising governance at school level. In a country where the idea of "community" is linked to apartheid and where social and spatial cleavages remain strong in the democratic era, to what extent is it possible to achieve this goal? This research first deconstructs the notion of "community" and presents an analysis structured around the notion of social link, thus dissociating the concept of "community" from its ideological content. Based on an ethnographic study conducted in a "racially" and socially mixed rural town in KwaZulu-Natal, this research explores the social links at work. The thesis first reveals the emergence of a quasi-market situation among schools and then looks at schools' strategies and parental practices to show how the school system strengthens, maintains or weakens the social link and contributes or not to "fostering a sense of community".

Alors que l'efficacité et l'intérêt des dispositifs d'enseignement bilingue précoce ont été largement démontrés, peu d'études se sont penchées en détail sur les processus à l'oeuvre dans l'acquisition précoce d'une langue étrangère. Cette étude vise à analyser le développement de la compétence en L2 chez de jeunes enfants, dans un contexte où l'école est la seule source d'exposition à celle-ci. À partir d'un corpus recueilli dans des classes de maternelle et primaire de deux écoles franco-américaines en Californie, nous proposons d'examiner comment des enfants anglophones de 4 à 7 ans scolarisés dans un dispositif de type immersif construisent leur compétence en français. En nous appuyant sur un cadre interactionniste d'acquisition de la L2, nous montrerons comment ce contexte spécifique impacte le déroulement de l'acquisition, en termes d'opportunités d'interaction et d'input adressé aux enfants, et examinerons dans quelle mesure il fournit un socle aux premières acquisitions en français. Cette étude vise également à évaluer le rôle de l'âge dans le déroulement de l'acquisition. Nous suggérons que l'idée selon laquelle commencer l'apprentissage d'une L2 le plus jeune possible serait garant d'une meilleure maîtrise de la langue n'est pas nécessairement valable dans ce contexte particulier d'acquisition, tant de multiples autres facteurs sont à prendre en compte (conscience linguistique et métalinguistique, stratégies d'interaction, influence de la L1). Des pistes pédagogiques sont également proposées à partir de ces résultats, afin de fournir quelques orientations pour l'enseignement bilingue en maternelle. / While the benefits of early bilingual education programs are widely praised and acknowledged, relatively little is known about the processes involved in child second language acquisition. The aim of this research is to investigate L2 development in young children while school is their only source of exposure to the L2. Relying on corpora collected in two French-American kindergarten and primary schools in California, this work focuses on how French is acquired by English-speaking children from 5 to 7 through immersion education. Following interactionist theories of L2 acquisition, it is shown how this specific context bears on the course of acquisition in terms of interaction opportunities and input addressed to the children, and also how it provides them with scaffolding patterns that are instrumental in the first stages of L2 acquisition. This study also attempts to assess the role of age in L2 acquisition and suggests that "the younger the better" position, as advocated by some researchers, does not necessarily hold in this setting. Instead, it seems that child second language acquisition in this context is a rather complex phenomenon involving many factors such as linguistic and metalinguistic awareness, interaction strategies, or influence from L1. Based on these findings, pedagogical guidelines for bilingual teaching in kindergarten are provided.

La Filière Bilingue (FiBi), une école publique dont le concept repose sur l’enseignement par immersion réciproque, se trouve à la frontière linguistique, à Biel/Bienne. L’enseignement y est dispensé à parts égales en (suisse-) allemand et en français (Modèle 50/50) par des enseignant-e-s locutrices/locuteurs natives/natifs. Cette école, qui offre une alternative aux écoles avec une seule langue de scolarisation, promeut l’intégration des élèves francophones et germanophones, mais aussi d’enfants allophones ne partageant pas les deux langues de scolarisation. Elle favorise ainsi «le développement du bilinguisme et de la bi-littératie, en plus du niveau requis des savoirs disciplinaires et des compétences interculturelles de tous les élèves» (Christian 1994: 1). La présence d’élèves francophones, germanophones et allophones dans la même classe permet à ces apprenant-e-s, plurilingues en devenir, l’acquisition des deux langues de scolarisation en communiquant avec des locutrices/locuteurs natives/natifs et en valorisant leurs cultures respectives.Cette thèse se propose de documenter le développement des deux langues de scolarisation (français et (suisse-)allemand). La première partie de ce travail présente le cadre théorique. Après avoir donné la définition de quelques notions clés comme «langue», «bilinguisme vs. SLA», «plurilinguisme», «immersion (réciproque)» et «translanguaging», nous adopterons une perspective qui montre comment les plurilingues en devenir utilisent leur deux langues de scolarisation afin de communiquer de façon efficace. En faisant référence à une idéologie hétéroglossique, cette perspective plus holistique permettra d'analyser l'apprentissage des langues en tenant compte de l’interdépendance fonctionnelle des deux langues. Ceci constituera la base à travers laquelle nous analyserons les pratiques langagières des apprenant-e-s et les résultats d’interviews semi-dirigées et axées sur la performance conduites dans les deux langues de scolarisation (dix interviews au total).Dans la deuxième partie de notre travail, nous présenterons les données empiriques qui constituent notre corpus de référence et en proposerons une analyse. En ce qui concerne les données, notre choix s’est porté sur un corpus longitudinal qui a été récolté pendant quatre ans. Ce choix nous a paru le meilleur moyen pour décrire le processus dynamique de l’acquisition des deux langues (français et (suisse-) allemand). Quant à l’analyse des données, nous avons décidé de combiner deux approches complémentaires : l’analyse qualitative permettra de décrire de manière détaillée les stratégies du «translanguaging» (García, 2009) utilisées par les élèves, alors que l’analyse quantitative s’attachera à évaluer la capacité des apprenant-e-s «à utiliser la langue de façon communicative» (Bachman et Palmer, 2010) à différents moments de leur apprentissage.Dans la troisième et dernière partie, nous nous attacherons aux implications pédagogiques que ce type d’immersion suppose et que notre étude essaie de modéliser. En effet, il importe que les (futur-e-s) enseignant-e-s œuvrant dans ces écoles devraient bénéficient d’une formation adéquate se basant sur la professionnalisation de l’enseignement par immersion, autrement dit fondée sur la recherche et adaptée à la pratique. Le but sera de former des enseignant-e-s capables de soutenir le plus efficacement possible leurs élèves dans le processus de l’apprentissage intégré des savoirs discipinaires et linguistiques. Nous conclurons ce travail par une synthèse de l'étude et de ses principaux résultats et nous efforcerons de dégager des pistes intéressantes pour des projets de recherche ultérieurs. / The two-way immersion program Filière Bilingue (FiBi) is a choice-based educational alternative in a Swiss public school situated on the language border in Biel/Bienne. This two-way immersion program integrates French-speaking and German-speaking students and «strives to promote bilingualism and biliteracy in addition to grade-level academic achievement for all students» (Christian 1994: 1). The presence of approximately equal numbers of native speakers of both languages in the same class provides opportunities for students to communicate with native-speaker peers, creating linguistic and intercultural benefits for both groups. Moreover, each class is composed of one third of allophone students having neither French, nor (Swiss) German as an L1 (or L1s). The amount of instructional time is equal in the two languages of schooling at all grade levels (50/50 program model). The focus of this thesis is the emergent multilinguals’ development in their two languages of schooling (French and (Swiss) German). The first part is theory-driven and defines some basic notions such as «language», «bilingualism vs. SLA», «multilingualism», «(two-way) immersion» and «translanguaging», resulting in the proposition to approach the emergent multilinguals’ proficiency outcomes from the perspective of what speakers do with the two languages of schooling in order to communicate efficiently and effectively. Considering multiple language practices in functional interrelationship can be referred to as a heteroglossic language ideology. Adopting thus a more holistic view on multilingual development forms the basis for the analysis of the outcomes of semi-structured and performance-oriented interviews – conducted with the emergent multilinguals in their two languages of schooling at five points in time (ten interviews in total).In the second part, an empirical study with data from our corpus – collected over a period of four years - is presented. Two approaches are combined for the analysis of data: whereas the qualitative analysis shows some illustrative examples of the learners’ translanguaging strategies (García, 2009), the quantitative analysis focuses on the measurement of their ability «to use language communicatively» (Bachman and Palmer, 2010). In lieu of measuring a current level of achievement in the learners’ two languages of schooling, process measures provide a broader picture, including variations in performance from a longitudinal perspective and documenting the emergent multilinguals’ dynamic process of becoming proficient in their two languages of schooling. In part three, major findings and limitations of the study are presented, including pedagogical implications resulting from the outcomes of this study. We conclude that practicing and future teachers of immersion schools need an appropriate teacher education with focus on the professionalization of two-way immersion education. This research-based and practitioner-informed teacher training should aim to train teachers who are able to best support emergent multilinguals in their process to learn content by means of two languages of schooling.The conclusion presents a summary of our study and suggests further possible research projects. / Die Filière Bilingue (FiBi) ist eine öffentliche Schule. Deren Konzept basiert auf dem Prinzipder reziproken Immersion. Sie befindet sich an der Sprachgrenze in Biel/Bienne. Diese Schule – eineAlternative zu Schulen mit einer Schulsprache - fördert die Integration von deutschsprachigen undfranzösischsprachigen Lernenden und «fördert die Zweisprachigkeit sowie die Lese- undSchreibfähigkeit in beiden Zielsprachen und das Erreichen der Lernziele in allen Schulfächern vonallen Lernenden» (Christian 1994: 1). Ausserdem besteht ein Drittel jeder Klasse aus allophonenKindern, die weder Deutsch noch Französisch als Erstsprache(n) haben. Der Unterricht erfolgt je zurHälfte auf Französisch und Deutsch (50/50-Modell). Da die Klassen je hälftig aus deutsch- undfranzösischsprachigen Kindern zusammengesetzt werden, ermöglicht dies den Lernenden mitMuttersprachlern der «anderen» Schulsprache zu kommunizieren und interkulturelle Kompetenzen zuerwerben.Diese Arbeit dokumentiert die Entwicklung der Lernenden in ihren zwei Schulsprachen. Dererste Teil dieser Arbeit liefert einen theoretischen Rahmen und klärt Begriffe wie «Sprache»,«Zweisprachigkeit vs. SLA», «Mehrsprachigkeit», «(reziproke) Immersion» und «translanguaging»,gefolgt vom Vorschlag, eine Perspektive einzunehmen, die zeigt, wie die Lernenden dieSchulsprachen brauchen, um effizient zu kommunizieren. Die Betrachtung der multiplenSprachpraktiken in ihrer funktionellen wechselseitigen Abhängigkeit verweist auf eine HeteroglossieIdeologie.52 Eine solche ganzheitliche Betrachtung der mehrsprachigen Entwicklung der Lernendenbildet die theoretische Grundlage für die Auswertung der gesammelten Daten aus den halbstrukturiertenund auf Performanz ausgerichteten Leitfaden-Interviews (zehn Interviews insgesamt invier Jahren).Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit präsentiert eine empirische Langzeitstudie. Zwei Ansätzewurden bei der Analyse der gesammelten Daten kombiniert: während die qualitative AnalyseStrategien wie «translanguaging» (García, 2009a) von Lernenden zeigt, fokussiert die quantitativeAnalyse auf die Messung der Fähigkeit «Sprache auf kommunikative Weise zu verwenden» (Bachmanund Palmer, 2010). Anstatt das aktuelle Sprachniveau der Lernenden in den beiden Schulsprachen zumessen, wird ein breiteres Bild gezeigt, das Variationen in der Performanz der Lernenden einschliesstund den dynamischen Spracherwerbsprozess aufzeigt. So wird der effiziente und kreative Gebrauchder Sprache sowie mehrsprachige Diskurs-Praktiken wie «translanguaging» gezeigt. Diese multiplenSprachpraktiken zeigen das dynamische und interaktive Kommunikationssystem der mehrsprachigenLernenden und deren Spracherwerbsprozess in.Im dritten Teil werden die pädagogischen Schlussfolgerungen präsentiert. Eine angemesseneLehrerausbildung für diese Lehrpersonen fokussierend auf der Professionalisierung des Immersions-Unterrichts wäre wünschenswert, in welcher ein für die Praktiker/innen nützlicher Wissenstransfervon Forschungsresultaten stattfindet. So könnten die Lernenden bestmöglich beim Prozess, sichSchulstoff durch zwei Schulsprachen anzueignen, unterstützt werden. Der Schlussteil dieser Arbeitfasst die Studie und deren Ergebnisse zusammen und zeigt weitere Forschungsperspektiven auf.

Women are central to human development and yet, nowhere around the globe are they treated as equals to men. Although the need to empower them has been widely recognised, equality is not more than a theoretical construct and empowerment remains low, especially for female Dalits (the most disadvantaged social group in India). This study thus seeks to explore the impact of public secondary school education on the empowerment of Dalit women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Twelve female Dalits were interviewed to better comprehend the effects of their educational experiences from their own perspective. Nine indicators for empowerment were used, among them decision making, social and physical mobility, choices surrounding sexuality and self-reported attitude changes. Findings showed a positive effect of education on empowerment, although deeply embedded social and patriarchal thought patterns were challenged only partly. The study suggests that education clearly needs to exceed primary schooling to result in empowerment. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The diploma thesis deals with the educational influence of the subject of creative drama on psychosocial development of pupils with special learning difficulties (SLD) on 1st grade of Waldorf school. The work is focused mainly on the development of communication skills, respecting the boundaries, instructions and cooperation in the classroom using methods and techniques of drama education with pupils with SLD in 2nd half of 2nd grade and 1st half of 3rd class. The theoretical part defines the four basic parts of this diploma thesis psychosocial development of children of younger school age, special learning difficulties (SLD), accompanying phenomena and their influence on the psychosocial development of the child, characteristics of Waldorf school, methods and techniques of drama education. The practical part deals with the development of communication, cooperation, observance of rules, understanding of the topic and the ability of its interpretation of individuals and the whole group in the lessons of creative drama. In the lessons, we experienced key themes of the Waldorf School. The whole process is recorded and evaluated using record sheets from each lesson.

Aujourd’hui, plus de deux cent millions d’enfants sont contraints de travailler dans le monde pour des raisons multiples. Leurs conditions de travail sont généralement déplorables. L’abolition effective du travail des enfants est donc l’un des plus urgents défis de notre époque. Divers instruments internationaux et européens protègent les enfants contre l’exploitation au travail. Ces instruments visent à assurer l’épanouissement physique et psychologique des enfants ainsi que le respect de leur droit à l’éducation. La présente étude a pour but d’analyser ces principaux instruments. / Today, more than two hundred million children are forced to work throughout the world for various reasons. The working conditions are in general deplorable. The effective abolition of children work is therefore one of the most urgent challenges nowadays. Many international and European instruments protect children against exploitation at work. These instruments aim at insuring physical and physiological development of children as well as respecting their right to education. This study aims at analyzing these principal instruments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Colacioppo Rodrigues.pdf: 2660812 bytes, checksum: a103d5a3c962d673938d9c1be87b4070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work deals with the initial training of teachers to work with the early years of schooling, with the focus on Didactic teaching, in the Pedagogy course, in the context in which their curriculum were reorganized in compliance to the publication of the National Curriculum Guidelines. Examines mechanisms that comprise pedagogical practices developed at work with the discipline to establish relationships between instructional microcontexts observed of teacher training in pedagogy courses and professional knowledge to work with the kindergarten and the early elementary school. Questions the curricular organization of discipline, cares about what is conveyed in the Didactic lessons and as the contents are covered in the instructional context. For the characterization and analysis of the pedagogical practices, the research worked with the concepts of the theory of Basil Bernstein's code, classification and framing, subsidizing the understanding of training that has been offered to undergraduates through the analysis of the relations established in speeches regarding interdisciplinarity, intradisciplinarity and relations between academic and non-academic knowledge; and the control exercised in the instructional context in the work with teaching with regard to the selection, sequence, timing and evaluation criteria. Data collection occurred through the observation of Didactic lessons of a course in Pedagogy of a University in the city of São Paulo, and interviews with teachers of other universities. Also included the analysis of documents that guided the past and guide the training today on the course and in the discipline in question. The relations of power and control behind the pedagogical practices observed and analyzed limited the formation of professional consciousness of the future teacher and in this context highlighted the mechanisms of precariousness of the training that is being offered, generating alternatives to the establishment of other possibilities to form the dynamics of teaching in the area / Este trabalho trata da formação inicial do docente para o trabalho com os anos iniciais da escolarização, com o foco no ensino da Didática, no curso de Pedagogia, no contexto em que seus currículos foram reorganizados em atendimento à publicação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Analisa mecanismos subjacentes às práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no trabalho com a disciplina visando estabelecer relações entre os microcontextos instrucionais observados de formação docente no curso de Pedagogia e o conhecimento profissional para o trabalho com a educação infantil e os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Questiona a organização curricular da disciplina, se preocupa com o que é veiculado nas aulas de Didática e como os conteúdos são abordados no contexto instrucional. Para a caracterização e a análise das práticas pedagógicas, a pesquisa trabalhou com os conceitos da teoria de Basil Bernstein de código, classificação e enquadramento, subsidiando o entendimento da formação que vem sendo oferecida aos graduandos por meio da análise das relações estabelecidas nos discursos no que tange à interdisciplinaridade, intradisciplinaridade e às relações entre conhecimento acadêmico e não acadêmico; e do controle exercido no contexto instrucional no trabalho com o ensino no que se refere à seleção, sequência, ritmo e critérios de avaliação. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da observação de aulas de Didática de um curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade, na cidade de São Paulo, e de entrevistas com professores da disciplina de outras instituições universitárias. Também contou com a análise de documentos que nortearam anteriormente e balizam hoje a formação no curso e na disciplina em questão. As relações de poder e controle subjacentes às práticas pedagógicas observadas e analisadas limitaram a formação da consciência profissional do futuro professor e nesse contexto evidenciaram os mecanismos constituintes da precarização da formação que vem sendo oferecida, gerando pistas ao estabelecimento de outras possibilidades a constituírem as dinâmicas de ensino na área

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-11T12:46:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Silva Leal.pdf: 2764738 bytes, checksum: 6be6f74782395352b120476cf0dc6838 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T12:46:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Silva Leal.pdf: 2764738 bytes, checksum: 6be6f74782395352b120476cf0dc6838 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to analyze the history of Escola Doméstica Nossa Senhora do Amparo – an institution dedicated to underprivileged girls running uninterruptedly since the nineteenth century up to the present day – and the schooling process of black students at the beginning of the Republican period. Founded in 1871 by João Francisco de Siqueira Andrade, a.k.a Father Siqueira, in the municipality of Petrópolis, the school’s main goal was to protect and educate orphans of war and also the naive ones, a term used to designate the free children born of enslaved mothers from the promulgation of the Free Womb Law in September 1871. This research investigated Padre Siqueira’s enterprise portraying its work of building a sociability network (SIRINELLI, 1996) through religion, which guaranteed the survival of the institution. It also sought to describe the moral standards which governed the role of women in Brazil in the early years of the Republic and how that reflected on female education. Aiming to understand how the schooling of black women in the Republican period occurred, as investigation was done on who were the students who attended the Domestic School at that time, where they came from and what learning content they had access to. The sources used were the documentation provided by the school, periodicals and reference bibliography related to the school and its principals / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a história da Escola Doméstica Nossa Senhora do Amparo – instituição voltada para meninas carentes que funciona ininterruptamente até os dias atuais – e o processo de escolarização das alunas negras no início do período republicano. Fundada no município de Petrópolis em 1871 por João Francisco de Siqueira Andrade, o Padre Siqueira, a escola tinha como objetivo amparar e instruir as órfãs de guerra e também as ingênuas, termo utilizado como referência às crianças livres nascidas de mãe escravizada, a partir da promulgação da Lei do Ventre Livre em setembro de 1871. A pesquisa investigou o empreendimento de Padre Siqueira, retratando o trabalho de construção de uma rede de sociabilidade (SIRINELLI, 1996) pelo religioso e que garantiu a sobrevivência da instituição. Também buscou-se descrever os padrões morais que regiam o papel da mulher no Brasil em seus primeiros anos de república e como isso refletia na educação feminina. Visando compreender como se deu a escolarização das mulheres negras no período republicano, investigou-se quem eram as alunas que frequentaram a Escola Doméstica na época, de onde vinham e qual o conteúdo escolar a que tinham acesso. As fontes utilizadas foram a documentação da escola, jornais de época e bibliografia de referência relacionada à escola e seus diretores

Il presente studio ha come obiettivo analizzare il sostegno educativo specializzato offerto ai bambini con disabilità nell'educazione per la prima infanzia. Trattasi di un universo d'indagine che ha favorito alcune domande: Che tipo di sostegno è offerto ai bambini piccoli e grandi con disabilità durante la frequentazione al nido e scuola dell’infanzia? Come si organizza il sostegno educativo specializzato nell'educazione per la prima infanzia? Qual è la configurazione dell'azione pedagogica rivolta all'educazione per la prima infanzia quando essa è concepita come un supporto ai bambini con disabilità? Dal punto di vista metodologico sono stati analizzati due contesti, un brasiliano e uno internazionale: Santa Maria, comune dello Stato di Rio Grande do Sul (Brasile) e Bologna, capoluogo della Regione Emilia Romagna (Italia). Basati sui contributi teorici del pensiero sistemico si possono trovare i principi che sorreggono il piano empirico metodologico dello studio, così come la dimensione pedagogica discussa nell'analisi dell'assistenza specializzata per i neonati e bambini piccoli con disabilità nelle fasi iniziali di scolarizzazione. L'opera di autori come Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela, Fritjof Capra e Heinz Von Foerster viene collegata ai principi guida della ricerca, mettendo in evidenza la complessità, l'instabilità e l'intersoggettività. In linea con l'approccio sistemico, si è optato per un disegno metodologico identificato con i principi del metodo cartografico, valorizzando la ricerca su ampia base bibliografica e l'uso dell'intervista. Nel contesto della Rete Scolastica del Comune di Santa Maria sono stati intervistati gli insegnanti di pedagogia speciale che lavorano presso il sostegno educativo specializzato nel nido e scuola dell’infanzia e il coordinatore dell'educazione speciale della rete. A Bologna, sono state intervistate le coordinatrici dei servizi per la prima infanzia della Rete Comunale. Il contatto con questi due contesti ha favorito l'emergenza di dimensioni considerate prioritarie: la consolidazione di un servizio di sostegno educativo offerto ai bambini piccoli e grandi con disabilità; la formazione dei professionisti coinvolti nel sostegno specializzato, specificamente quelli che lavorano con l'educazione per la prima infanzia; il lavoro condiviso sviluppato in modo collaborativo tra gli insegnanti curriculari e quelli di sostegno; il ruolo della documentazione nel contesto educativo; il piano educativo individualizzato e il piano del sostegno educativo specializzato; e le questioni collegate alla diagnosi. Tra le evidenze trovate, possiamo dire che entrambi contesti condividono aspetti politici che stanno valorizzando i processi di inclusione scolastica nel momento in cui riconoscono l'importanza dell'offerta di sostegno specializzato sin dai nidi e scuole dell’infanzia. È possibile individuare alcune differenze tra di loro, sia in termini storici, con i punti di inizio delle azioni relative a questo sostegno, sia nel modo in cui esso viene offerto. Nel contesto brasiliano, l'appoggio è ancora associato a una valorizzazione dell'aula di sostegno come il dispositivo pedagogico che assume la responsabilità di conduzione dell'intero processo. In Italia, il lavoro si sviluppa in un tessuto che intreccia l'azione di un maggior numero di professionisti a quella dell'insegnante specializzato rivolto al lavoro con il gruppo di alunni in senso ampio. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o atendimento educacional especializado oferecido às crianças com deficiência na educação infantil. Trata-se de um universo investigativo que favoreceu alguns questionamentos: Que tipo de apoio é oferecido a bebês e crianças pequenas com deficiência durante sua frequência à escola regular? Como se organiza o apoio educacional especializado na educação infantil? Qual a configuração da ação pedagógica dirigida à educação infantil quando essa é concebida como um suporte às crianças com deficiência? Do ponto de vista metodológico foram analisados dois contextos, sendo um brasileiro e outro internacional: Santa Maria, município do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil, e Bologna, capital da Região Emilia Romagna, na Itália. Com base nas contribuições teóricas do pensamento sistêmico, podê-se encontrar os princípios que sustentam o plano empírico metodológico do estudo, assim como a dimensão pedagógica discutida na análise do apoio especializado para bebês e crianças pequenas com deficiência em fase inicial de escolarização. Autores como Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela, Fritjof Capra e Heinz Von Foerster associam-se aos princípios norteadores da pesquisa, com destaque para a complexidade, a instabilidade e a intersubjetividade. Em sintonia com a abordagem sistêmica, optou-se por um desenho metodológico identificado com os princípios do método cartográfico, valorizando a busca ampla de análise bibliográfica e o uso de entrevistas. No contexto da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Santa Maria, entrevistou-se professoras de educação especial que atuam no atendimento educacional especializado nas escolas infantis e o gestor de educação especial da rede. Na cidade de Bologna, entrevistouse gestoras dos serviços de educação infantil da rede municipal. O contato com esses dois contextos permitiu a emergência de dimensões consideradas prioritárias: a consolidação de um serviço de apoio educacional oferecido a bebês e crianças pequenas com deficiência; a formação dos profissionais envolvidos no serviço especializado, especificamente, aqueles que atuam na educação infantil; o trabalho compartilhado desenvolvido de modo colaborativo entre os professores de sala de aula e do apoio especializado; o papel da documentação no contexto educacional; o plano educativo individualizado e o plano do atendimento educacional especializado; e as questões associadas ao diagnóstico. Dentre as evidências encontradas, podemos dizer que ambos os contextos compartilham de aspectos políticos que têm valorizado os processos de inclusão escolar ao reconhecer a importância da oferta do apoio especializado desde a etapa da educação infantil. É possível identificar algumas diferenciações entre eles, tanto em termos de um histórico que marca o início das ações relativas a esse apoio, quanto no modo como este apoio vem sendo oferecido. No contexto brasileiro, o apoio está associado ainda a uma valorização da sala de recursos como o dispositivo pedagógico que assume responsabilidade na condução do processo. Na Itália, o trabalho mostra-se configurado com uma espécie de rede, envolvendo um maior contingente de profissionais e a ação do professor especializado dirigido ao trabalho com o grupo de alunos em sentido amplo. / The present study had the purpose of analyzing the specialized educational assistance offered to children with disability in early childhood education. It is an investigative universe which favored some questioning: What type of support is offered to babies and young children with disability during their regular school? How is it organized the specialized educational assistance in early childhood education? What is the configuration of the pedagogical action aimed at early childhood education, when it is designed as a support to children with disability? From the methodological point of view, two contexts were analyzed, a Brazilian and an international context: Santa Maria, a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and Bologna, capital of the region of Emilia Romagna, Italy. On the basis of the theoretical contributions of the systemic thinking, the principles which support the study empirical methodological plan may be found, as well as the pedagogical dimension discussed in the analysis of the specialized support to babies and young children with disability in their phase of initial education. Authors such as Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela, Fritjof Capra and Heinz Von Foerster are associated with the research guiding principles, with emphasis on complexity, instability and intersubjectivity. In line with the systemic approach, it was decided to use a methodological design, identified with the principals of the cartography, valuing a broad search for bibliographic analysis and the use of interview. In the context of municipal education in Santa Maria, teachers of special education who work at specialized educational assistance in early childhood education and a special education manager of the municipal system were interviewed. In Bologna, municipal managers of early childhood education assistance were interviewed. The contact with both contexts allowed the emergence of dimensions which are considered priority: consolidation of a service of educational support offered to babies and young children with disability; qualification of the professionals who are involved in the specialized service, mainly the ones who act in early childhood education; shared work between teachers and specialized support; role of documentation in the educational context; individualized educational plan and plan of the specialized educational service; and issues related to diagnosis. Among the found evidences, it is possible to verify that both contexts present political aspects which have valued processes of inclusive schooling, recognizing the importance of offering specialized support since early childhood education. It is possible to identify some differences between the contexts, as in relation to a history which marks the beginning of these support actions, as in the way this support has been offered. In the Brazilian context, the support is associated with resource room appreciation, as a pedagogical device which takes the responsibility of conducting the process. In Italy, the work is configured as a network, concerning higher contingent of professionals and the actions of the specialized teachers related to the work with the group of students in a broad sense.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:01:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Leite Rocha.pdf: 1084298 bytes, checksum: f038bc8b4eaa22132da7ef4ef7db96ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / The discussions presented in this study concern the interface between Special Education and Education for Youth and Adults (EJA). It particularly investigates the schooling processes of deaf students enrolled in regular classes of EJA at an elementary school of the Municipal Education System in the City of Vitória, ES, Brazil. Since the 1980s, the school has been a unique space for deaf students because it gives professional users of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) the opportunity to both translate/interpret the classes and provide special education assistance. In order to base our discussion, we adopted a set of studies and papers on Special Education and Education for Youth and Adults enrolled in conventional classrooms, linked to propositions of Sociology of Absences and Sociology of Emergencies by Boaventura de Souza Santos. For building and systematizing the data in the research field, ethnography was used. The study is organized in six chapters, which together show the place for the researcher/ s discourse, the theoretical concepts adopted in the study; the methodological history of research, the education policy for death people implemented in the municipality of Vitória; the routine of the school investigated. The results point to the importance of analyzing the interface of Special Education in Education for Youth and Adults so that the schooling processes of deaf young and adult students in regular EJA classrooms in the City of Vitoria are discussed; and to the need of considering alternatives that provide deaf young and adult students with the services and support established by the national and local bilingual education policy from the school inclusion perspective / As problematizações apresentadas neste trabalho dizem respeito à interface da modalidade da Educação Especial na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Em particular, investiga os processos de escolarização de alunos surdos matriculados em salas comuns da EJA no contexto de uma unidade de ensino fundamental do Sistema Municipal de Ensino da cidade de Vitória/ES. A escola se constitui, desde a década de 1980, em um espaço singular para alunos surdos por oportunizar profissionais usuários da língua de sinais brasileira (libras) tanto na tradução/interpretação das aulas como no atendimento educacional especializado. Na busca por fundamentar o presente estudo, foi utilizado um conjunto de pesquisas e de trabalhos que versam sobre os processos de escolarização de alunos surdos em salas comuns de ensino, articulados aos pressupostos da Sociologia das Ausências e da Sociologia das Emergências, de Boaventura de Souza Santos. Para a construção e sistematização dos dados no campo de pesquisa utilizou-se a etnografia. O estudo está organizado em seis capítulos que, juntos, apresentam: o lugar da fala do pesquisador; as concepções teóricas adotada no estudo; o caminho metodológico da pesquisa; a política da educação de surdos implementada no município de Vitória; o cotidiano da escola pesquisada e as conclusões. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a importância de colocar em análise a interface da Educação Especial na Educação de Jovens e Adultos para que sejam problematizados os processos de escolarização desses sujeitos na matriculados em salas comuns da EJA no contexto do município de Vitória; a necessidade de pensar em alternativas que garantam aos jovens e adultos surdos os serviços e apoios previstos na política nacional e local de educação bilíngue, na perspectiva da inclusão escolar